Practices sterilization reproductive. Medical search. Frequent questions

Rationalizations for compulsory sterilization have included eugenics, population control, gender discrimination, limiting the spread of HIV, "gender-normalizing" surgeries for intersex people, and ethnic genocide. (wikipedia.org)
Early population programs of the 20th century were marked as part of the eugenics movement, with Nazi Germany's programs providing the most well-known examples of sterilization of disabled people, paired with encouraging ethnic Germans who fit the "Aryan race" phenotype to rapidly reproduce. (wikipedia.org)
Physicians helped create and legitimise the pseudoscientific framework for the eugenics movement, which would implement forceful sterilisation as its tool of choice to eliminate undesirable traits that were thought to be biologically inherited and predominant among racial and ethnic minorities. (bmj.com)
In this project, I examine how literary depictions of current reproductive politics continue to be overshadowed by eugenics practices of sterilization, institutionalization, and other forms of reproductive control. (westga.edu)
Eugenics lobbyists and white nationalists allowed their racist ideals to be the motive for violating reproductive rights of minority women and traumatizing their bodies just to keep them from reproducing. (edubirdie.com)
Analyzing the origins of eugenics, the timeline of laws that allowed forced sterilization, and how the affected women organized against this issue allows for a full grasp on the experience of marginalized women in the Reproductive Rights movement and how this experience has aged. (edubirdie.com)
In order to interpret how forced sterilization became common, one must know what movement the procedure stemmed from: the eugenics movement. (edubirdie.com)
In the 1920s the Parliament decided on a State institute for race biology and in the 1930s a sterilization legislation that put eugenics into practice was enacted. (lu.se)

Contraception is a critical component of sexual and reproductive health equity and well-being that includes the range of methods and associated health care that assist individuals in achieving their reproductive desires. (apha.org)
Similar to the law in Illinois, Vermont's measure declares reproductive choice-including contraception, sterilization, abortion and carrying a pregnancy-a fundamental right. (guttmacher.org)
The soon-to-be-signed bill declares reproductive health care-including abortion, contraception, sterilization, and pregnancy and maternity care-a fundamental right in Illinois. (guttmacher.org)
Vermont's legislature passed a measure-awaiting the governor's signature-that would affirm the right to reproductive choice and health care, including abortion, contraception and pregnancy-related services. (guttmacher.org)
The federal policy also applies to sterilization, and a minority of states' policies apply to sterilization or contraception more broadly. (guttmacher.org)
Furthermore, social conservatives have called over the past decade for the creation of refusal clauses for health care payers, seeking to exempt insurance companies and employers purchasing insurance from laws requiring private-sector coverage of contraception, and to exempt managed care plans from covering reproductive health services under Medicaid. (guttmacher.org)
These policies prohibit abortion, sterilization, contraception, some treatments for miscarriage and gender confirmation, and other reproductive care, undermining hard-won patients' rights to bodily autonomy and informed decision-making. (societyfp.org)
Furthermore, people with disabilities are still affected by practices such as forced sterilization and non-consensual contraception. (eud.eu)
IMPLICATIONS: Only two in five women with OUD had evidence of being prescribed MOUD, and majority did not use prescription contraception or female sterilization. (cdc.gov)
Dr. Berry-Bibee is a practicing OB-GYN and a guest researcher at the CDC, currently serving on CDC's Zika Virus Emergency Response on the Pregnancy and Birth Defects Task Force Contraception Access Team. (cdc.gov)

The report was released by the Center for Reproductive Rights (formerly the Center for Reproductive Law and Policy) and the Center for Civil and Human Rights in Kosice, a Slovakian organization. (feminist.org)
by Center for Reproductive Law & Policy (U.S.). International Program. (who.int)

The network voiced concern that women with disabilities were frequently denied the ability to consent to medical procedures, including abortion, and suffered more reproductive coercion than their non-disabled counterparts. (ifamnews.com)

It is a clear statement of respect for the reproductive freedom and bodily autonomy of all Illinois residents. (guttmacher.org)
"Forced sterilizations infringe on reproductive rights and autonomy," Wyden, Merkley and their colleagues wrote. (senate.gov)
Forced sterilizations infringe on reproductive rights and autonomy. (senate.gov)
Forced sterilisation constitutes violence against women and is a form of harmful practice that negatively affects women's physical and mental health and violates their right to reproductive autonomy. (europa.eu)
The Jewish values that undergird these issues, such as privacy, respect, dignity, and women's autonomy and moral agency, are fundamental to our deep interest in matters of reproductive choice. (jewishpublicaffairs.org)
During the postwar decades both research and the political-medical practices were successively transformed: medical genetics became established and proclaimed as a new research field, and genetic counseling emerged with an increased emphasis on individual autonomy. (lu.se)

Coercive practices can manifest in a variety of ways and include but are not limited to forced sterilization, provider preference for some contraceptive methods over others, disregard for patient preferences, incentives for the uptake of specific methods, and policies that influence the ability to stop using a contraceptive method at will. (apha.org)

Several countries implemented sterilization programs in the early 20th century. (wikipedia.org)

New York enacted sweeping protections in January with its own Reproductive Health Act, which repealed the state's pre- Roe laws and permitted abortion until fetal viability, and after viability when the patient's life or health is endangered. (guttmacher.org)
Like some private parties, professional infertility specialists have also intentionally interfered with a patient's reproductive plans, as when doctors substitute their own sperm for that of anonymous donors, sometimes repeatedly, creating a phalanx of half-siblings. (columbialawreview.org)
Historically, sterilization procedures have varied in techniques, goals, and risks, but Sharp's method of vasectomy allowed restriction of a patient's reproductive functions without significantly affecting other bodily functions. (asu.edu)

The report references the involuntary sterilization of a number of specific population groups. (wikipedia.org)
Biological genocide consists of imposing measures calculated to decrease the reproductive capacity of the group, such as involuntary sterilization or forced segregation of the sexes. (carnegiecouncil.org)

Frohmader denounced these actions as disgraceful and argued that such severe forms of reproductive violence have no place in a civilized society. (ifamnews.com)

Therefore, the Chinese birth control policy of forced abortion and sterilization of Uyghurs is not a policy of ensuring the overall quality of the Uyghur population. (khilafah.com)
The Senate inquiry's findings were published in a report this week, with the topic of forced abortion and sterilization comprising only a small part of the discussion. (ifamnews.com)

1] Since people often spend most of their reproductive years managing their sexual and reproductive health by preventing and delaying pregnancy,[2] preventing sexually transmitted infections (STIs), and managing menstrual cycles, contraceptive access is essential. (apha.org)
BUFFALO, N.Y. - An innovative chatbot designed for sharing critical information about sexual and reproductive health (SRH) with young people in India is demonstrating how artificial intelligence (AI) applications can engage vulnerable and hard-to-reach population segments. (buffalo.edu)
A series of attention-grabbing lawsuits and a crop of new legislation have spotlighted a long-gathering movement to vastly expand the scope of policies allowing health care providers, institutions and payers to refuse to participate in sexual and reproductive health services by claiming a moral or religious objection. (guttmacher.org)
Violation of Sexual and Reproductive Health Rights (SRHR): Where are the Women with Disabilities? (creaworld.org)
At a time when navigating conversations around sexuality is still a challenge, the discourse around the sexuality of WWDs and meeting their sexual and reproductive health and rights needs is even more stilted. (creaworld.org)
In an interview, Ratnaboli Ray, founder of Anjali, an organisation working in West Bengal on the right to mental health, rightly points out how women with psychosocial disabilities have no access to information around sexual and reproductive health in the first place. (creaworld.org)
The 1st roundtable focussed on ensuring equal access to and accessibility of sexual and reproductive health for persons with disabilities. (eud.eu)
Sexual and reproductive health. (bvsalud.org)

In some countries, transgender individuals are required to undergo sterilization before gaining legal recognition of their gender, a practice that the United Nations Special Rapporteur on torture and other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment has described as a violation of the Yogyakarta Principles. (wikipedia.org)

The practice was widespread, as federally-funded sterilization programs operated in 32 states throughout the 20th century. (luisdejesus.com)
India's early family planning incentives, China's one-child enforcement, and American sterilization of minorities, criminals, and the mentally handicapped in the early 20th century are extreme examples of this paternalistic influence. (sightline.org)

The fallopian tube is an essential component of the normal reproductive process. (medscape.com)

Although such programs have been made illegal in most countries of the world, instances of forced or coerced sterilizations persist. (wikipedia.org)
To understand whether such violations may have been committed against immigrants in our federal government's custody, the Inspector General's Office should immediately investigate the reproductive health policies and practices at the ICDC and at other facilities, including but not limited to, all instances of forced, coerced, or medically unnecessary hysterectomies. (senate.gov)
As per The Guardian, there were nine documented instances of forced sterilizations in Australia in 2020-21. (ifamnews.com)

The HRSA guidelines include, among other things, "the full range of Food and Drug Administration-approved contraceptive methods, sterilization procedures, and patient education and counseling for women with reproductive capacity. (justia.com)
The referenced regulations then require "All Food and Drug Administration approved contraceptive methods, sterilization procedures, and patient education and counseling for all women with reproductive capacity. (jonathanturley.org)

Quality education about SRH is highly limited, contraceptive practices are heavily skewed toward female sterilization, and unsafe abortions are rampant," she says. (buffalo.edu)
Female sterilization prevents fertilization by interrupting the fallopian tubes. (medscape.com)

This solved some of the worst reproductive justice problems but caused others, because young and underprivileged women are less likely to have access to information that would enable them to make the best decisions to meet their objectives, and they may not have the health literacy or efficacy to make their preferences apparent during a brief health care encounter. (sightline.org)
Further, we demand no forced sterilization, full reproductive justice for all detainees, healthy conditions for all prisoners including complete COVID-19 precautions and testing, and no retaliation against Wooten or other whistleblowers. (radicalwomen.org)
But while abortion access is poorly understood, so too are the persistent threats to reproductive justice in this country: sexual violence, gun violence, homophobia and transphobia, criminalization of sex work, reproductive oppression of Indigenous women and girls, privatization of fertility health services, and the racism and colonialism of policing and the prison system. (societyfp.org)
This beautifully illustrated book tells the empowering true stories behind the struggles for reproductive justice in Canada, celebrating past wins and revealing how prison abolitionism is key to the path forward. (societyfp.org)
Undue Burden argues for these people and for abortion as a moral good using the framework of Reproductive Justice. (societyfp.org)

Including these states, 25 legislatures have introduced bills to affirm and protect reproductive rights during their 2019 sessions. (guttmacher.org)
News reports and court cases from prior years also have highlighted examples of hospital workers refusing to clean surgical instruments or handle paperwork tied to abortion, as well as police officers refusing to protect reproductive health clinics. (guttmacher.org)

The practice of forced and coerced sterilization stems from a communist era policy targeting Romani women that provided monetary incentives to women to undergo sterilization. (reproductiverights.org)

Coercive interpersonal, institutional, and structural practices and policies contradicting human rights-based and person-centered approaches often impact contraceptive access and reproductive self-determination. (apha.org)

But what vindicates the argument that women with disabilities (WWDs) should be deprived of sexual and reproductive healthcare and rights is scary. (creaworld.org)

To better understand the nation's most aggressive eugenic sterilization program, our research team tracked sterilization requests of over 20,000 people. (truthout.org)
Eugenic sterilization programs are now recognized as a major human rights abuse. (luisdejesus.com)

The constitution and the law prohibit such practices, but there were a few reports that government officials employed them. (state.gov)
Penovic's group underscored an urgent need to prohibit forced sterilization. (ifamnews.com)

This study, therefore, aimed to identify the contributed to a rapid and continuous de- duration and determinants of interbirth in- cline in infant mortality, which was halved tervals among women of reproductive age in 1970 and then again in 1985 to reach 26 in one region of Jordan. (who.int)

Do social inequalities in Peruvian society legitimize policy of government that violates women and indigenous reproductive and human rights? (bvsalud.org)
Was the sterilization campaign part of a shared "common sense" among policymakers, physicians, nurses, and general population regarding the need to sterilized low-income and indigenous women? (bvsalud.org)

1,2 However, removing an animal's reproductive organs can have adverse effects as well as benefits. (ivcjournal.com)
In the US, sterilization involves removal of the reproductive organs (gonadectomy), usually through ovariohysterectomy (spay) of females and orchiectomy (castration) of males. (ivcjournal.com)

This is done in a variety of ways, and often includes the abolition of a group's language, restrictions upon its traditional practices and ways, the destruction of religious institutions and objects, the persecution of clergy members, and attacks on academics and intellectuals. (carnegiecouncil.org)

According to the SPLC, the investigation "exposed the widespread sterilization abuse funded by the federal government and practiced for decades. (lwvin.org)

Contraceptive use can improve health outcomes and reduce health and health care disparities, including reducing the risk of developing certain reproductive cancers,[3] preventing STIs,[4] and treating medical conditions. (apha.org)
Slovak health care providers throughout Eastern Slovakia are complicit in the illegal and unethical practice of sterilizing Romani women without their informed consent," the report states. (feminist.org)
Recommended services included in the HRSA-supported Women's Preventive Services Guidelines, including all Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved contraceptives, sterilization procedures, and patient education and counseling for women with reproductive capacity, as prescribed by a health care provider. (cdc.gov)
All participants reported reproductive health care training deficiencies, and many explained that "elective" training required resident initiative to obtain. (allenpress.com)
Is very concerned about the human impact of continued legal and legislative challenges to women's reproductive health care access and choices in the United States. (jewishpublicaffairs.org)
A woman has a legal right to make her own decisions about accessing the full range of reproductive health care. (jewishpublicaffairs.org)
We support adequately funded and fully accessible family planning programs that provide comprehensive and medically accurate reproductive and sexual health education and the full range of health care services, including birth control and abortion services. (jewishpublicaffairs.org)
Access to comprehensive, unbiased, medically accurate sexuality and reproductive health education, information and services should be expanded so that women and young people know their reproductive health care options and are able to decide the best option for themselves in consultation with their health care provider. (jewishpublicaffairs.org)
Author Dr. DeShawn Taylor tells stories of her life, medical training, and practice to center the everyday situations of everyday people struggling with forces outside their control like unaffordable childcare, lack of access to health care, insufficient paid time off, and unsafe communities. (societyfp.org)

Throughout the 1900s, California had one of the most active sterilization programs in the nation. (luisdejesus.com)
The rise of forced sterilization in the United States began in the mid 1900s and has had a lasting impact on the Reproductive Rights movement and the activists within it. (edubirdie.com)
Within my research, I aimed to identify the position of minority women in the Reproductive Rights movement and support the theory that forced sterilization in the 1900s defined this position and differentiated marginalized women in the movement. (edubirdie.com)

The report states that "clear and consistent" patterns have been found which show that doctors and nurses in eastern Slovakia are "complicit in the illegal and unethical practice of sterilizing Romany women without obtaining their consent. (feminist.org)

State regulations to guide the implementation of a new provision allowing advanced practice clinicians to provide abortions are forthcoming. (guttmacher.org)
The focus of Professor Dov Fox's essay, however, is not on conduct, intentional or otherwise, between intimates but on the negligent provision of reproductive services by medical professionals. (columbialawreview.org)
Surprisingly-we are after all talking about the provision of medical care by doctors-we learn right off the bat that plaintiffs who suffer at the negligent hands of medical personnel from whom reproductive treatment has been purchased have no recourse in tort, except in the rarest of circumstances. (columbialawreview.org)
We evaluated how training at a Catholic hospital affects trainees' subsequent provision of reproductive health services at secular institutions. (allenpress.com)

The report, Body and Soul: Forced Sterilization and Other Assaults on Roma Reproductive Freedom in Slovakia , contained 110 cases where women were forcibly or coercively sterilized, or had strong indications that they were sterilized, in addition to other serious reproductive rights violations. (reproductiverights.org)
Entitled "Body and Soul: Forced Sterilization and Other Assaults on Roma Reproductive Freedom," the report is based on 230 interviews carried out in 40 Eastern Slovakian Roma settlements, commonly known as Gypsy settlements. (feminist.org)
Importantly, the Supreme Court reminded the Spanish government of its obligation to respect the right to disseminate and to access reliable information on sexual health and reproductive rights under the fundamental rights to freedom of expression and information. (stopvaw.org)
Would the delaying of menopause provide women with the reproductive freedom necessary to living more fulfilling lives? (lse.ac.uk)
Equal protection under the law, freedom of religious expression, and the separation of religion and state have provided a modern cultural overlay to our Jewish community's unique understanding of reproductive freedom, including access to family planning and abortion. (jewishpublicaffairs.org)

A new report reveals that Romani women in Eastern Slovakia have been subjected to undergo approximately 110 forced sterilizations in government healthcare facilities. (feminist.org)
She is involved in developing clinical guidance for healthcare providers caring for pregnant women and women of reproductive age with possible exposure to Zika virus. (cdc.gov)

Exploring the history of forced sterilization provides background to the divide in reproductive rights activism and connects to the lack of inclusivity and attention on minority women's issues in the second wave of feminism. (edubirdie.com)
Women's Health in the South East further contended that forced sterilization violated all international human rights treaties to which Australia is a signatory and amounted to torture. (ifamnews.com)

These abuses represent a continuation of efforts to control the reproductive capacity of women, fueled by racist and xenophobic motives. (bmj.com)
Racist systems are thereby reproductive systems. (bostonreview.net)
Coerced and forced sterilization was a racist, elitist tactic that, in conjunction with other aspects of our country's history of white supremacy, created a biological hierarchy in society that is still embedded in today's culture and practice. (edubirdie.com)

We, the undersigned members and supporters of Radical Women, are outraged to learn of the abuses of women detainees at Irwin Detention Center in Ocilla, Georgia, including high numbers of forced and uninformed hysterectomies and sterilizations. (radicalwomen.org)

Carolyn Frohmader, the group's executive director, pointed out that in spite of being a prosperous nation, Australia continues to permit practices such as forced sterilization, forced abortion, and menstrual suppression. (ifamnews.com)

In recent weeks, mainstream media outlets, such as the UK's The Independent Newspaper, have published reports from Uyghur women, formerly detained in China's notorious concentration camps in East Turkestan, of Uyghur Muslim women being subjected to forced sterilization during detention. (khilafah.com)
The recently reported cases of coerced sterilisation of women at a privately operated immigration detention facility in the USA are egregious in their disregard for human dignity and professional ethics, but sadly not surprising. (bmj.com)

It is a practice known as 'gene washing': a reproductive policy aimed at ethnic cleansing of the Uyghur Muslims. (khilafah.com)
The final goal and challenge is to deconstruct the concept of reproductive rights in the context of political violence, poverty, human rights violations, and economic, gender and ethnic inequalities in Peru. (bvsalud.org)

Today, nine international human rights groups joined forces to urge Slovakia to conduct an impartial and adequate investigation of illegal sterilizations of Romani women. (reproductiverights.org)
According to these groups, the criminal investigation has thus far reached hasty conclusions before investigating all relevant crimes in connection with sterilization, ignored key evidence - including absence of informed consent - and has created an intimidating atmosphere for victims that has tended to dissuade them from coming forward. (reproductiverights.org)
Not only do these practices need to stop immediately and a full independent investigation be done, but we also call for massive damage payments to be given to the women as well as permanent legal status. (radicalwomen.org)

In the first stage, controlled descriptors were used, in Portuguese and English, associated with the OR and AND In 2019, the world population of women of reproductive operators: (family planning OR family planning programs) age (15 to 49 years) was estimated at 1.9 billion people. (bvsalud.org)

More information was sought on free education provided by the Government, vocational training and the existence of harmful practices, including female genital mutilation. (ohchr.org)

Refusal clause advocates have used public misgivings about these technologies and practices to push for provisions applying to these activities specifically-or to any activity, without limitation-and for an increasingly wide group of individuals and institutions that they claim are unwilling "participants" in these activities. (guttmacher.org)
This qualitative study used semistructured interviews with recent obstetrics and gynecology graduates in generalist practice at secular institutions. (allenpress.com)

These practices disproportionately target individuals who are poor, young, incarcerated, or members of communities of color, as well as those with disabilities. (apha.org)
Research indicates that the majority of these sterilizations were done on women and girls and disproportionately impacted Latinas, who were 59% more likely to be sterilized than non-Latinas. (luisdejesus.com)

citation needed] Much of these governmental population control programs were focused on using sterilization as the main avenue to reduce high birth rates, even though public acknowledgement that sterilization made an impact on the population levels of the developing world is still widely lacking. (wikipedia.org)
1.1 This document outlines dosimetric procedures to be followed for the radiation-induced reproductive sterilization of live insects for use in pest management programs. (iso.org)
Although state-endorsed forcible sterilisation programs have ended, incarcerated women have remained particularly vulnerable to sterilisation abuse. (bmj.com)

A third state, Maine, also took action on June 10, with the governor signing a law permitting advanced practice nurses and physician assistants to provide abortions, thereby expanding the pool of medical professionals who are eligible to provide such care. (guttmacher.org)
The modernization of Illinois' abortion laws is in line with changes in medical practice and the well-established safety record of abortion. (guttmacher.org)
Much of the new momentum comes from the advent of technologies and medical practices that some Americans find objectionable. (guttmacher.org)
Spanish for 'survive' and to "exist,' Sobrevivir recognizes the women and events surrounding the practice of coerced sterilization at the LAC + USC Medical Center in the 1960s and 70s. (luisdejesus.com)
Situated within a circular area in the plaza between the historic and new Medical Center buildings, Huynh's memorial conveys LA County's acknowledgment of the irreparable harm inflicted upon the women who were subjected to these coerced sterilizations, and their families. (luisdejesus.com)
Today, Supervisor Hilda L. Solis hosted an intimate ceremony to unveil "Sobrevivir," a new civic artwork by artist Phung Huynh, which recognizes the practice of coerced sterilization at LAC+USC Medical Center. (luisdejesus.com)
Medical providers, allied health professionals, and reproductive health counselors are turning to a process called motivational interviewing to help young patients choose the birth control that best suits their lifestyle and goals. (sightline.org)
This model also violated what we know to be excellent medical practice. (sightline.org)
If funding is accumulated and the sources are correct, we are two years away from a medical breakthrough in reproductive medicine. (lse.ac.uk)
Affirming that we trust women to make their own decisions about their reproductive lives, and for women who seek assistance in making difficult reproductive health decisions, JCPA supports the full and unfettered access to confidential and affordable spiritual, religious, mental health, and accurate medical guidance. (jewishpublicaffairs.org)
Drawing on rich interviews with patients and providers, this book reveals both how the bishops' directives operate and how people inside Catholic hospitals navigate the resulting restrictions on medical practice. (societyfp.org)

Those provisions, the plaintiffs argue, conflict with deeply held religious beliefs and practices. (jonathanturley.org)

We used sterilization forms found by historian Alexandra Minna Stern to build a data set on over 20,000 people recommended for sterilization in California between 1919 and 1953. (truthout.org)

Rabbis in our community offer private and compassionate pastoral care to women who seek out their spiritual guidance on a range of matters related to their reproductive health and pregnancy-related care, including abortion, thereby enabling a woman to consider the rich teachings of the Jewish tradition while making her own private moral decision. (jewishpublicaffairs.org)

ABSTRACT The duration and determinants of interbirth intervals among women of reproductive age in Karak, Jordan were examined in October 2003. (who.int)

That policy was formally rescinded over a decade ago, and although monetary incentives are no longer given, the practice continues without full and informed consent of the patient. (reproductiverights.org)
This course will cover practical strategies leaders and emerging leaders can use to anticipate, plan, and respond to policy, regulatory, and practice changes in the industry. (nyu.edu)

Funding of mothers on welfare by HEW (Health, Education, and Welfare) covers roughly 90% of cost and doctors are likely to concur with the compulsory sterilization of mothers on welfare. (wikipedia.org)

However, while the establishment of "DSD teams" has been perhaps the most significant evolution in care and has changed practices considerably, it has not addressed the fundamental human rights issues at stake. (hrw.org)

Anatomy3

Organisms4

Diseases4

Chemicals and Drugs24

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment40

Psychiatry and Psychology7

Phenomena and Processes12

Disciplines and Occupations7

Anthropology, Education, Sociology and Social Phenomena10

Technology, Industry, Agriculture6

Humanities4

Information Science3

Named Groups3

Health Care49

Geographicals7

Eugenics8

Contraception10

Center for Reproductive Law2

Coercion1

Autonomy6

Limited to forced sterilization1

Implemented sterilization programs1

Patient's3

Involuntary sterilization2

Forms of reproductive1

Forced abortion and sterilization2

Sexual and re8

Required to undergo1

20th century2

Fallopian tube1

Instances of forced3

Contraceptive methods2

Female sterilization2

Justice5

Protect reproductive2

Undergo sterilization1

Coercive1

Women with Disabilities1

Eugenic2

Prohibit2

19851

Indigenous2

Organs2

Abolition1

Widespread1

Health care9

1900s3

Unethical1

Provision4

Freedom5

Healthcare2

Women's2

Racist3

Detainees1

Menstrual1

Detention2

Ethnic2

Investigation3

20191

Harmful practices1

Institutions2

Disproportionately2

Programs3

Medical11

Provisions1

California1

Pregnancy-related1

Abstract1

Policy2

Welfare1

Fundamental human1