MicroelectrodesIon-Selective ElectrodesMembrane PotentialsElectrochemistryElectrophysiologyAction PotentialsPotassiumFluorocarbon PolymersExtracellular SpaceElectrodes, ImplantedMicrochip Analytical ProceduresElectrochemical TechniquesHydrogen-Ion ConcentrationSodiumElectric StimulationBicarbonatesChloridesStrophanthidinElectrodesHelix (Snails)NecturusMicromanipulationNecturus maculosusPurkinje FibersConductometryGlassEquipment Failure AnalysisDielectric SpectroscopyNeuronsGuinea PigsIntracellular FluidLeechesElectric ConductivityCarbonDiamondPotentiometryBiosensing TechniquesMiniaturizationIon TransportPartial PressureDimethadioneCatsElectric ImpedanceEquipment DesignCalciumOxygenPolarography4-Acetamido-4'-isothiocyanatostilbene-2,2'-disulfonic Acid4,4'-Diisothiocyanostilbene-2,2'-Disulfonic AcidIon ExchangeElectroplatingLacquerQuaternary Ammonium CompoundsEthoxzolamideAmilorideCortical Spreading DepressionPapillary MusclesBenzolamideEvoked PotentialsBrain WavesOuabainPatch-Clamp TechniquesBariumCarbonic Anhydrase InhibitorsSodium-Bicarbonate SymportersDark AdaptationMicrotechnologyIontophoresisRana pipiensBuffersTetrodotoxinRabbitsExtracellular FluidBiological Transport, ActiveHeart Conduction SystemIonsEndolymphRats, Sprague-DawleyAcid-Base EquilibriumIon ChannelsAlkaliesRana esculentaTime FactorsSiliconRetinaNanocompositesOctanolsMusclesPerilymphSynaptic TransmissionCell Membrane PermeabilityGoldGangliaDopamineRana temporariaCarbon DioxideOsmolar ConcentrationBrainOxygen ConsumptionPhotoreceptor Cells