AnatomyOrganismsDiseasesChemicals and DrugsAnalytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and EquipmentPhenomena and ProcessesDisciplines and OccupationsInformation ScienceHealth Care
Angiotensin IIReceptors, AngiotensinReceptor, Angiotensin, Type 1Receptor, Angiotensin, Type 2Angiotensin Receptor AntagonistsAngiotensin II Type 1 Receptor BlockersTetrazolesLosartanAngiotensin IAngiotensin II Type 2 Receptor BlockersBiphenyl CompoundsBenzimidazolesImidazolesAngiotensin IIIAngiotensin-Converting Enzyme InhibitorsRenin-Angiotensin System1-Sarcosine-8-Isoleucine Angiotensin IIAntihypertensive AgentsPeptidyl-Dipeptidase AReninBlood PressureSaralasinAngiotensinsHypertensionValineVasoconstrictor AgentsRats, Sprague-DawleyBenzoatesPyridinesAldosteroneKidneyAngiotensinogenRats, Inbred SHREnalaprilRats, Inbred WKYRNA, MessengerCells, CulturedMuscle, Smooth, VascularCaptoprilDose-Response Relationship, DrugVasoconstrictionMyocardiumRats, WistarSubfornical OrganRenal CirculationFibrosisAortaAdrenal GlandsEnalaprilatHypertension, RenalNorepinephrineDisease Models, AnimalDiet, Sodium-RestrictedKidney Tubules, ProximalBradykininSignal TransductionReceptors, Transforming Growth Factor betaHemodynamicsLisinoprilKidney GlomerulusNatriuresisSodium Chloride, DietaryNephrectomySympathetic Nervous SystemSodiumDrinkingAmlodipineHeart RateTime FactorsZona GlomerulosaProteinuriaOligopeptidesAutoradiographyRats, Inbred StrainsTeprotideNitric OxideMineralocorticoid Receptor AntagonistsSpironolactoneCardiomegalyOrgan SizeDiabetic NephropathiesNADPH OxidaseVascular ResistanceAngiotensin AmideKidney DiseasesDiureticsAldosterone SynthaseBody WeightThiazepinesHypertension, RenovascularRamiprilGene ExpressionTransforming Growth Factor betaMice, Inbred C57BLMice, KnockoutHeartDrug Therapy, CombinationHydralazineAdrenal CortexRadioligand Assay
ACE2VasoconstrictorAntagonistsARBsAntagonistInhibitorsInhibitorBlockerProteinFormation of angiotensinStimulatesSelectiveRAASConverting EnzymeReninAntagonismBindsAngiotensinogenSARS-CoVPeptideHypertensiveAffinityBlood vesselsLosartanOxidativeCoronavirusSecretionCardiovascularEndogenousRegulateHypertensionDownregulationProteinsInhibitsHumansAntibodiesVitroGeneVaccineAngIIArterialInfectionDiabeticPlasmaSpikeNrf2DiabetesMembraneRatsLungsDiuretic
ACE211
  • One scFv 80R efficiently neutralized SARS-CoV and inhibited syncytia formation between cells expressing the S protein and those expressing the SARS-CoV receptor angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2). (nih.gov)
  • SARS-CoV-2 binds to its receptor, the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2). (uaeu.ac.ae)
  • As a result of SARS-CoV-2 binding, ACE2 downregulation enhances the angiotensin II receptor type 1 (AT 1 R) axis associated with oxidative stress. (uaeu.ac.ae)
  • SARS‑CoV‑2 infection is initiated when the virus interacts with angiotensin‑converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptors on host cells. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • Angiotensin-converting enzyme-related carboxypeptidase (ACE2) is a recently identified zinc metalloprotease with carboxypeptidase activity that was identified using our genomics platform. (acs.org)
  • We implemented a rational design approach to identify potent and selective ACE2 inhibitors. (acs.org)
  • Effect of an Inhibitor on the ACE2-Receptor-Binding Domain of SARS-CoV-2. (acs.org)
  • Mechanism of Ligand Recognition by Human ACE2 Receptor. (acs.org)
  • An Active Site Inhibitor Induces Conformational Penalties for ACE2 Recognition by the Spike Protein of SARS-CoV-2. (acs.org)
  • The virus gains entry to the host cell through binding of the S protein to the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptor, which is present on the surface of numerous cell types including the alveolar type II cells of the lung and epithelial cells of the oral mucosa. (roche.com)
  • 13,14 Mechanistically, ACE2 is engaged by the receptor-binding domain (RBD) on the S1 subunit. (roche.com)
Vasoconstrictor8
  • Endothelin 1 is a potent endogenous vasoconstrictor that causes vascular smooth muscle hyperplasia in addition to direct vasoconstrictor effects. (medscape.com)
  • Angiotensin II [formed from angiotensin I in a reaction catalyzed by angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE, kininase II)], is a potent vasoconstrictor, the primary vasoactive hormone of the renin-angiotensin system and an important component in the pathophysiology of hypertension. (nih.gov)
  • Losartan and its principal active metabolite block the vasoconstrictor and aldosterone-secreting effects of angiotensin II by selectively blocking the binding of angiotensin II to the AT1 receptor found in many tissues, (e.g., vascular smooth muscle, adrenal gland). (nih.gov)
  • 2,3 Under an AT1 receptor-inhibited condition, higher levels of circulating angiotensin II, which is not only a potent vasoconstrictor but also a generator of various growth-promoting pro-inflammatory cytokines, fibrosis and oxygen radical mediators, may bring about a harmful effect on the cardiovascular system. (radcliffecardiology.com)
  • There is an overwhelming mass of evidence demonstrating the development of endothelial dysfunction in animal models of diabetes and in human blood vessels from diabetic patients, as evidenced by increased release of reactive oxygen species, decreased nitric oxide (NO) bioactivity, decreased release of prostacyclin (PGI 2 ), and enhanced endothelial production of vasoconstrictor thromboxane (Tx)A 2 /prostaglandin (PG)H 2 in early stages of diabetes ( 1 - 3 ). (diabetesjournals.org)
  • Angiotensin II is a very strong vasoconstrictor of the arterioles and to a lesser extent the veins. (ceufast.com)
  • Angiotensin II is a potent vasoconstrictor that increases blood pressure. (smashessays.com)
  • ACE inhibitors prevent the conversion of angiotensin I to angiotensin II, a potent vasoconstrictor, and lower aldosterone secretion. (medscape.com)
Antagonists5
  • Endothelin receptor antagonists bind endothelin 1 receptors, causing a decrease in pulmonary arterial pressure through decreases in PVR. (medscape.com)
  • Hypertensive patients were divided into three groups according to the type of drug(s) being taken: a calcium antagonist group, an angiotensin II receptor blocker group, and a combination therapy group of calcium antagonists and angiotensin II receptor blockers. (scirp.org)
  • In conclusion, skin blood flow can be a useful tool to evaluate sympathetic activity and combination therapy with calcium antagonists and angiotensin II receptor blockers were the most useful therapy for suppressing the hemodynamic response to mental stress. (scirp.org)
  • In vitro, several calcium antagonists (e.g., nifedipine, nisoldipine, and isradipine) bind with some selectivity to the L-type calcium channel present in blood vessels, whereas verapamil binds equally well to cardiac and vascular L-type calcium channels. (medscape.com)
  • Angioedema may be caused by other drugs as well, particularly aspirin and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory medications (NSAIDs), radio-contrast media, angiotensin II receptor antagonists, and certain antibiotics [ 5 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
ARBs4
Antagonist8
Inhibitors11
Inhibitor5
  • A direct renin inhibitor (DRI) had a benefit in decreasing albuminuria in type 2 diabetic patients having already been treated with angiotensin (Ang) II type 1 receptor blocker (ARB), suggesting that aliskiren may have another effect other than blockade of the traditional renin-angiotensin system (RAS). (elsevierpure.com)
  • In vitro binding studies indicate that losartan is a reversible, competitive inhibitor of the AT1 receptor. (nih.gov)
  • The active metabolite is 10 to 40 times more potent by weight than losartan and appears to be a reversible, non-competitive inhibitor of the AT1 receptor. (nih.gov)
  • thus, the popularity of such drug combinations as an angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor/diuretic, an angiotensin-receptor blocker/diuretic, or a b blocker/diuretic. (medscape.com)
  • A Wyss Institute-led collaboration spanning four research labs and hundreds of miles has used the Institute's organ-on-a-chip (Organ Chip) technology to identify the antimalarial drug amodiaquine as a potent inhibitor of infection with SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes COVID-19. (peacemusicalove.com)
Blocker3
  • Irbesartan CAS No. : 138402-11-6 Biological Activity：Irbesartan (SR-47436) is an orally active Ang II type 1 (AT1) receptor blocker (ARB). (epigenetics-modulation-frontier.com)
  • Valsartan is an ARB (Angiotensin II Receptor Blocker). (lawrsd.com)
  • We examined the effects of LAB on the prevention of diabetic nephropathy compared with amlodipine, a calcium channel blocker, and losartan, an angiotensin receptor blocker, in Otsuka Long-Evans-Tokushima Fatty (OLETF) rats, an animal model of type 2 diabetes. (e-dmj.org)
Protein18
  • Angiotensin II receptor type 2, also known as the AT2 receptor is a protein that in humans is encoded by the AGTR2 gene. (wikipedia.org)
  • AGTR2 belongs to a family 1 of G protein-coupled receptors. (wikipedia.org)
  • Angiotensin II receptor type 2 (AGTR2) gene is a protein coding gene responsible for encoding AGTR2, the integral membrane protein that binds to two different G-protein coupled receptors. (wikipedia.org)
  • We have identified eight recombinant human single-chain variable region fragments (scFvs) against the S1 domain of spike (S) protein of the SARS-CoV from two nonimmune human antibody libraries. (nih.gov)
  • the generation of Ang peptides and the receptor-dependent activation of extracellular signal-related protein kinase (ERK). (elsevierpure.com)
  • Currently, 3 lar domain consists of 2 subunits, S1 and S2 (14), although major classes of SARS vaccines are under development: 1) the cleavage site between these subunits has not been inactivated SARS-CoV (Figure 1), 2) full-length S protein clearly defined. (cdc.gov)
  • In a recent study published in the journal npj Vaccines , researchers in China designed, produced, and evaluated the neutralization efficacy of a recombinant coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccine containing four hot-spot substitution mutations based on a prefusion-stabilized severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) spike protein (S) trimer. (news-medical.net)
  • The World Health Organization (WHO) has classified the SARS-CoV-2 Alpha, Beta, Gamma, Delta, and Omicron variants as variants of concern because they carry mutations in their spike protein that increase their transmissibility and ability to evade vaccine-induced immunity, as compared to the ancestral Wuhan strain. (news-medical.net)
  • A Domain architecture of the SARS-CoV-2 S protein. (news-medical.net)
  • Serine protease present on cell membrane, is used by SARS-CoV-2 for associating spike protein to enable its fusion with host cells[ 12 - 14 ]. (ijpsonline.com)
  • The S1 subunit (PDB I.D-6VSB) of the spike protein being reported to acts as receptor binding domain (RBD), binding to ACE-2 receptor with higher affinity. (ijpsonline.com)
  • Here, I investigate the role of one intrinsic factor (receptor-type protein tyrosine phosphatase alpha) and one extrinsic factor (ionizing radiation) in facilitating cancer cell invasion. (ubc.ca)
  • Receptor-type protein tyrosine phosphatase alpha (PTPα is a widely expressed transmembrane-bound protein that has been implicated in integrin signaling, focal adhesion formation, and normal cell migration. (ubc.ca)
  • Elecsys ® Anti-SARS-CoV-2 S is an immunoassay for the in vitro quantitative determination of antibodies (including IgG) to the SARS-CoV-2 spike (S) protein receptor binding domain (RBD) in human serum and plasma. (roche.com)
  • The assay uses a recombinant protein representing the RBD of the S antigen in a double-antigen sandwich assay format, which favors detection of high affinity antibodies against SARS‑CoV‑2. (roche.com)
  • The test is intended as an aid to assess the adaptive humoral immune response to the SARS‑CoV‑2 S protein. (roche.com)
  • The spike (S) protein found on the surface of the causative agent, the SARS-CoV-2 virus, has been the prime target for current vaccine research since antibodies directed against the S protein were found to neutralize the virus. (mdpi.com)
  • Moreover, a D614G mutation in the spike protein did not appear to affect SARS-CoV-2 cell tropism. (cdc.gov)
Formation of angiotensin2
Stimulates2
  • Angiotensin II (AngII) stimulates oxidative stress in VSMC, inducing VSMC proliferation and migration, which is a critical factor in both developments of hypertension and angioplasty-induced arterial restenosis. (hindawi.com)
  • Angiotensin II also stimulates the secretion of aldosterone by the adrenal cortex which acts on the kidneys to cause decreased excretion of both salt and water. (ceufast.com)
Selective1
  • These agents are highly selective agonists for the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPAR-gamma). (medscape.com)
RAAS3
  • Angiotensin II (AngII), as the major effector of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS), plays an important role in regulating blood pressure and arterial remodeling [ 5 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • The body's first response is to highly activate the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) and the sympathetic nervous system in an effort to compensate for functional losses due to tissue death. (ceufast.com)
  • The renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) also plays a role in CHF. (smashessays.com)
Converting Enzyme8
  • Figure 2A), and 3) those based on fragments containing binding to the receptor, angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 neutralizing epitopes (Figure 2B). (cdc.gov)
  • The modified spike-trimer's binding affinity to the human angiotensin-converting enzyme-2 (ACE-2) receptor and other kinetic properties were determined using biolayer interferometry assays. (news-medical.net)
  • SARS-CoV-2 uses angiotensin converting enzyme-2 (ACE-2) receptor, for entry in human host[ 11 , 12 ]. (ijpsonline.com)
  • Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2 Ectodomain Shedding Cleavage-Site Identification: Determinants and Constraints. (acs.org)
  • Inhibition of Angiotensin Converting Enzyme (ACE) is a modern therapeutic target in the treatment of hypertension. (scielo.br)
  • Angiotensin converting enzyme, anti-hypertensive effect, hipotensive agents. (scielo.br)
  • This triggers the release of renin, which converts angiotensinogen to angiotensin I. Angiotensin I is then converted to angiotensin II by the angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE). (smashessays.com)
  • The low expression level of the angiotensin converting enzyme 2 receptor and lower receptor affinity to SARS-CoV-2 spike, which could be overcome by overexpression of canine angiotensin converting enzyme 2 in trans, strengthened the cellular barrier to productive infection. (cdc.gov)
Renin5
Antagonism2
  • Furthermore, pharmacological antagonism of AGTR2 signaling improved lung function in CF mice to near wild-type levels. (wikipedia.org)
  • It is converted, in part, to an active carboxylic acid metabolite that is responsible for most of the angiotensin II receptor antagonism that follows losartan treatment. (nih.gov)
Binds1
  • Contagious human coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) binds to the receptors of human host cells by transmembrane spike glycoprotein that makes homotrimers protruding from viral surface region[ 9 , 10 ]. (ijpsonline.com)
Angiotensinogen1
SARS-CoV43
  • Given the current SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) pandemic, the availability of reliable information for clinicians and patients is paramount. (ecancer.org)
  • Across Europe, the incidence and mortality rates of COVID-19 or severe acute respiratory syndrome corona virus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) continue to rise dramatically. (ecancer.org)
  • However, SARS-CoV-2 is thought to be caused by a novel coronavirus not seen before. (ecancer.org)
  • Early human SARS-CoV is closer genetically to animal csr/sars/en). (cdc.gov)
  • Vero-E6 cells were used to propagate SARS-CoV-2 viruses of the ancestral strain and the variants of concern. (news-medical.net)
  • Additionally, quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) was used to monitor SARS-CoV-2 ribonucleic acid (RNA) levels using swab samples and organ tissue from the animal models. (news-medical.net)
  • Recently, severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) coronavirus (CoV) 2 (SARS‑CoV‑2)‑causing CoV disease 2019 (COVID‑19) emerged in China and has become a global pandemic. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • SARS‑CoV‑2 is a novel CoV originating from β‑CoVs. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • Major distinctions in the gene sequences between SARS‑CoV and SARS‑CoV‑2 include the spike gene, open reading frame (ORF) 3b and ORF 8. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • The peak viral load of SARS‑CoV‑2 is estimated to occur ~10 days following fever onset, causing patients in the acute stage to be the primary infection source. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • The virus was first officially named the 2019 novel coronavirus (nCoV) by the World Health Organization (WHO) and subsequently termed 'severe acute respiratory syndrome CoV 2 (SARS-CoV-2)' by The International Committee on Nomenclature of Viruses. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • Collectively, all the associated diseases caused by SARS-CoV-2 are termed Coronavirus Disease of 2019 (COVID-19). (spandidos-publications.com)
  • As an accurate profile of the virus is urgently required, the present article screened the available literature on SARS-CoV-2 and other members of the coronavirus family to perform a literature review. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) or Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is a novel zoonotic virus responsible for outbreak of respiratory illness, which has spread to several countries around the world[ 1 ]. (ijpsonline.com)
  • SARS-CoV-2, the causative agent of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19), is an enveloped, single-stranded RNA Betacoronavirus. (roche.com)
  • SARS-CoV-2 is transmitted primarily from person-to-person through respiratory droplets and aerosols. (roche.com)
  • Upon infection with SARS-CoV-2, the host usually mounts an immune response against the virus, typically including production of specific antibodies against viral antigens. (roche.com)
  • IgM and IgG antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 appear to arise nearly simultaneously in blood. (roche.com)
  • Antibodies against SARS‑CoV‑2 with strong neutralizing capacity, especially potent if directed against the RBD, have been identified. (roche.com)
  • A total of 1,610 samples from 402 symptomatic patients (including 297 samples from 243 hospitalized patients) with a PCR confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection were tested with the Elecsys ® Anti-SARS-CoV-2 S assay. (roche.com)
  • 1,406 of these 1,423 samples were determined with ≥0.8 U/mL in the Elecsys ® Anti‑SARS‑CoV‑2 S assay and hence considered positive, resulting in a sensitivity of 98.8 % (95 % CI: 98.1 - 99.3 %) in this sample cohort. (roche.com)
  • Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has infected almost 200 million people worldwide and led to approximately 4 million deaths as of August 2021. (mdpi.com)
  • Han J, Sun J, Zhang G, Chen H. DCs-based therapies: potential strategies in severe SARS-CoV-2 infection. (medsci.org)
  • Pneumonia caused by the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is spreading globally. (medsci.org)
  • Dendritic cells-based therapeutic approach may be a potential strategy for SARS-CoV-2 infection. (medsci.org)
  • We focus on the essential functions of dendritic cell in severe SARS-CoV-2 infection. (medsci.org)
  • Pneumonia caused by the SARS-CoV-2 is spreading continuously, the ability to adapt host and genomic mutation of Coronavirus (CoV) lead to hampering in treatment or control of the infection. (medsci.org)
  • Thus, it is urgent to develop therapeutic strategies to face the SARS-CoV-2 viral infection at the severe stage. (medsci.org)
  • In addition, it was reported that elderly patients with SARS-CoV-2 are at significant risk to develop severe disease and that the proportion of severe cases is elevated in hypertensive or diabetic patients with SARS-CoV-2 [ 7 ]. (medsci.org)
  • The Wyss team examined eight existing drugs, including hydroxychloroquine and chloroquine, that they and others had found were active against SARS-CoV-2 in conventional cell culture assays. (peacemusicalove.com)
  • When tested in their more sophisticated microfluidic Lung Airway Chip, which had been infected with a pseudotyped SARS-CoV-2 virus, they found that most of these drugs, including hydroxychloroquine and chloroquine, were not effective. (peacemusicalove.com)
  • These results were then validated in cultured cells and in a small animal model of COVID-19 using infectious SARS-CoV-2 virus. (peacemusicalove.com)
  • In the early months of the COVID-19 pandemic when little was known about the novel SARS-CoV-2 virus, efforts were made around the globe to identify existing drugs that could be repurposed to treat patients who were falling ill. (peacemusicalove.com)
  • While early data performed on cells grown in lab dishes seemed to suggest that the antimalarial drugs chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine could treat the disease, later studies showed that they aren't active against SARS-CoV-2 in animals or patients, and the quest for an effective oral therapeutic that can both treat and prevent COVID-19 continues. (peacemusicalove.com)
  • Once it became clear that people were falling ill due to the mysterious COVID-19 and not pneumonia, the team quickly shifted its focus to the novel SARS-CoV-2 virus. (peacemusicalove.com)
  • Key features of this disorder include a lack of bleeding risk, only mildly low platelet counts, elevated plasma fibrinogen levels, and detection of both severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and complement components in regions of thrombotic microangiopathy (TMA). (nature.com)
  • Mediators of TMA syndromes overlap with those released in cytokine storm, suggesting close connections between ineffective immune responses to SARS-CoV-2, severe pneumonia and life-threatening microangiopathy. (nature.com)
  • Susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2 of Cell Lines and Substrates Commonly Used to Diagnose and Isolate Influenza and Other Viruses. (cdc.gov)
  • Co-infection with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and other viruses has been reported. (cdc.gov)
  • We evaluated cell lines commonly used to isolate viruses and diagnose related diseases for their susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2. (cdc.gov)
  • Although multiple kidney cell lines from monkeys were susceptible to SARS-CoV-2, we found many cell types derived from humans, dogs, minks, cats, mice, and chicken were not. (cdc.gov)
  • We analyzed MDCK cells, which are most commonly used for surveillance and study of influenza viruses, and found that they were not susceptible to SARS-CoV-2. (cdc.gov)
  • Our findings should help avert inadvertent propagation of SARS-CoV-2 from diagnostic cell lines. (cdc.gov)
Peptide2
  • Losartan potassium, a non-peptide molecule, is chemically described as 2-butyl-4-chloro-1-[p-(o-1H-tetrazol-5-ylphenyl)benzyl]imidazole-5-methanol monopotassium salt. (nih.gov)
  • Docking results of the multi-epitope vaccine peptide with human leukocyte antigen class I and II alleles predicted efficient binding and the resulted docked models were stable during simulation. (ijpsonline.com)
Hypertensive4
  • In the present study, the response of blood pressure, pulse rate [12] , and skin blood flow to the CWC test was evaluated to determine the sympathetic response to mental stress in essential hypertensive patients treated with different types of antihypertensive drugs. (scirp.org)
  • In hypertensive type 2 diabetic patients, therapy should be initiated at 150 mg irbesartan once daily and titrated up to 300 mg once daily as the preferred maintenance dose for treatment of renal disease. (medicines.org.uk)
  • The demonstration of renal benefit of Irbesartan Zentiva in hypertensive type 2 diabetic patients is based on studies where irbesartan was used in addition to other antihypertensive agents, as needed, to reach target blood pressure (see sections 4.3, 4.4, 4.5 and 5.1). (medicines.org.uk)
  • Hypertensive patients undergoing angioplasty of percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) are highly predisposed to vascular restenosis [ 1 , 2 ]. (hindawi.com)
Affinity1
  • Both losartan and its principal active metabolite do not exhibit any partial agonist activity at the AT1 receptor and have much greater affinity (about 1000-fold) for the AT1 receptor than for the AT2 receptor. (nih.gov)
Blood vessels1
Losartan3
Oxidative1
Coronavirus3
  • 2 includes bovine coronavirus, murine hepatitis virus, and ies, and the receptor-binding domain (RBD) in the S1 sub- human coronavirus OC34 (HCoV-OC43). (cdc.gov)
  • This suggests that recombinant pro- new member of the genus Coronavirus , but it does not teins containing RBD and vectors encoding the RBD belong to any of the 3 antigenic groups, although some sequence can be used to develop safe and effective SARS reports suggest that it most resembles the group 2 coron- vaccines. (cdc.gov)
  • To eradicate the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 pandemic, an effective vaccine should be developed. (ijpsonline.com)
Secretion1
Cardiovascular3
  • There is also an AT2 receptor found in many tissues but it is not known to be associated with cardiovascular homeostasis. (nih.gov)
  • nor do they bind to or block other hormone receptors or ion channels known to be important in cardiovascular regulation. (nih.gov)
  • It is also used to treat various conditions related to hypertension including the different types of cardiovascular failure. (lawrsd.com)
Endogenous1
Regulate2
  • This receptor functions to mediate signaling in lung fibrosis and regulate nitric oxide synthase expression in pulmonary endothelium. (wikipedia.org)
  • Activation of PPAR-gamma receptors regulate insulin-responsive gene transcription involved in glucose production, transport, and use, thereby reducing blood glucose concentrations and reducing hyperinsulinemia. (medscape.com)
Hypertension3
  • The goal of medication treatment of group 2 pulmonary hypertension is to lower filling pressures and provide afterload reduction in patients with heart failure. (medscape.com)
  • Approved for use in group 1 pulmonary arterial hypertension, there have been few trials evaluating their efficacy in group 2 pulmonary hypertension. (medscape.com)
  • It is also indicated for the treatment of renal disease in adult patients with hypertension and type 2 diabetes mellitus as part of an antihypertensive medicinal product regimen (see sections 4.3, 4.4, 4.5 and 5.1). (medicines.org.uk)
Downregulation1
  • 5 ], inducing apoptosis through phosphorylation and downregulation of the anti-apoptotic proteins BCL-2 and BCL-XL respectively [ 6 - 9 ]. (oncotarget.com)
Proteins2
  • In Chapter 2, I examined how proteins secreted by cancer cells can promote a tumor-permissive microenvironment through the recruitment of suppressive innate and adaptive immune cells to the lungs. (ubc.ca)
  • ADAM17 is a metalloprotease and disintegrin that lodges in the plasmatic membrane of several cell types and is able to cleave a wide variety of cell surface proteins. (frontiersin.org)
Inhibits1
  • Additionally, alcohol inhibits the lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammatory cytokine, interleukin-6 (IL-6), via the p38 ERK1/2 MAPK pathway [ 9 ]. (cdc.gov)
Humans1
  • The nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 (Nrf2) is the most potent antioxidant in humans and can block in particular the AT 1 R axis. (uaeu.ac.ae)
Antibodies1
  • 17 There is significant inter-individual difference in the levels and chronological appearance of antibodies in COVID-19 patients, but median seroconversion has been observed at approximately two weeks. (roche.com)
Vitro1
Gene4
  • Genetically modified mouse studies determined that absence of the AGTR2 gene normalized pulmonary function indicators in two independent CF mouse models. (wikipedia.org)
  • Of the known genes, candidates include potential regulators of cardiac growth, a sodium channel and calcium channel as well as the fibroblast growth factor 2 gene. (mcw.edu)
  • Located nearby the Lvm1 locus was the gene for the angiotensin Type 1B receptor. (mcw.edu)
  • Given the evidence that the ligand for the angiotensin Type 1B receptor-angiotensin II-is a potent cardiotroph, we also consider this gene a potential candidate. (mcw.edu)
Vaccine3
  • This multi-epitope vaccine can activate equally class I and II human leukocyte antigen and antibody mediated immune responses. (ijpsonline.com)
  • The two dimensional and three dimensional structure of multi-epitope vaccine were predicted and authenticated using PROCheck and Raptor-X servers. (ijpsonline.com)
  • With an objective of a potent in silico multiepitope vaccine for COVID-19, was designed in this research article. (ijpsonline.com)
AngII1
  • We found that fisetin could dose-dependently inhibit the effect of AngII via inducing the expression of an antioxidant, paraoxonase-2 (PON2), whose overexpression could inhibit the proliferation and migration of A10 cells and downexpression by siRNA had the opposite effect. (hindawi.com)
Arterial2
  • Endereço: Avenida Nossa Senhora de de presión arterial en personas con diabetes. (bvsalud.org)
  • Objetivo: avaliar a eficácia do gengibre na redução da pressão arterial em obtenção, na análise e interpretação dos dados, pessoas com diabetes tipo 2. (bvsalud.org)
Infection1
  • 3,4 The incubation period from infection to detectable viral load in the host commonly ranges from two to 14 days. (roche.com)
Diabetic2
  • Lithospermic acid B (LAB), an active component isolated from Salvia miltiorrhizae, has been reported to have renoprotective effects in type 1 and type 2 diabetic animal models. (e-dmj.org)
  • Moreover, NGFs and receptors are also expressed in retina and renal mesangial cells, suggesting their possible role in the common pathogenesis of diabetic microvascular complications. (e-dmj.org)
Plasma2
Spike1
  • Spike glycoprotein has two subunits, S1-responsible for its binding to host cell membrane receptors and S2-responsible for the fusion of viral and host cellular membrane[ 8 , 11 ]. (ijpsonline.com)
Nrf21
  • Fermented vegetables contain many lactobacilli, which are also potent Nrf2 activators. (uaeu.ac.ae)
Diabetes8
  • The net effect of endothelial dysfunction is vascular damage, which is responsible for complications in both types of diabetes. (diabetesjournals.org)
  • It is a major drug for use in patients who are obese and have type 2 diabetes. (medscape.com)
  • Globally, about one in eleven adults have diabetes, and 90% of whom are diagnosed as type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). (frontiersin.org)
  • Objective: to evaluate the effectiveness of ginger in reducing blood pressure in Taynara Lais Silva2 people with type 2 diabetes. (bvsalud.org)
  • Method: randomized, double-blind clinical trial, Isaac Gonçalves da Silva3 conducted with people with type 2 diabetes, in primary health care units. (bvsalud.org)
  • personas con diabetes tipo 2. (bvsalud.org)
  • Métodos: ensayo clínico aleatorizado, doble ciego, https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4003-1365 realizado con personas con diabetes tipo 2, en unidades de atención primaria de salud. (bvsalud.org)
  • realizado com pessoas com diabetes tipo 2, em unidades básicas de saúde. (bvsalud.org)
Membrane1
  • The human Airway Chip that the Wyss team developed for these studies is a microfluidic device about the size of a USB memory stick that contains two parallel channels separated by a porous membrane. (peacemusicalove.com)
Rats1
  • The in vivo neointimal hyperplasia model was established 2 weeks after the carotid artery balloon injury in SHR rats. (hindawi.com)
Lungs1
  • Cells grown in this device naturally differentiate into multiple airway-specific cell types in proportions that are similar to those in the human airway, and develop traits observed in living lungs such as cilia and the ability to produce and move mucus. (peacemusicalove.com)
Diuretic1
  • The diuretic therapy should be discontinued for 2-3 days prior to initiation of therapy with Enalapril Maleate/Hydrochlorothiazide Taj Pharma. (tajgenerics.com)