Postsynaptic receptors glutamate. Medical search. Frequent questions

Research shows that glutamate receptors are present in CNS glial cells as well as neurons. (wikipedia.org)
Gi-coupled mGlu receptors also may exist on presynaptic elements of neighboring γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) neurons where they play a role in heterosynaptic suppressions of GABA release. (aspetjournals.org)
In situ hybridization and immunohistochemical studies have shown that Purkinje cells (PCs), the output neurons of the cerebellar cortex, are the neuron type with the highest levels of GABA B receptors (Bowery et al. (springer.com)
And what they observed was that the amino acid glutamate, when administered to the retina, was toxic to the neurons in the inner layers of the retina. (hstalks.com)
Now, this work wasn't followed up until the late '60s, when John Olney demonstrated that glutamate could be toxic to a wide variety of neurons in different brain regions. (hstalks.com)
So it wasn't until the mid-1980s that the major cause of glutamate excitotoxity was pinned down by Choi, Meldrum, and others as being due to calcium influx into the neurons. (hstalks.com)
Neurons can also adjust the amount of chemical messengers (neurotransmitters) they release as well as the number of membrane proteins (receptors) that receive messages. (brainfacts.org)
The enhancing effect was insensitive to strychnine, but the reducing effect was blocked by strychnine, suggesting that the former effect was induced by glycine which increased glutamate binding to N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors, and the latter resulted from an increase in chloride conductance through the strychnine-sensitive inhibitory glycine receptors in postsynaptic neurons. (nih.gov)
A slow excitatory postsynaptic current mediated by G-protein-coupled metabotropic glutamate receptors in rat ventral tegmental dopamine neurons. (yale.edu)
This thesis explores the dynamic organization of glutamate receptors and membrane lipids in the postsynaptic membrane of neurons. (uu.nl)
Neurons that receive neurotransmitter signals are called postsynaptic neurons. (msdmanuals.com)
In such cases, the dendrites (a neuron's receiving branches) on the postsynaptic neurons release neurotransmitters that affect receptors on the presynaptic neurons. (msdmanuals.com)
ion channels directly connect the cytoplasm of the presynaptic and postsynaptic neurons. (msdmanuals.com)
GlyA receptor is sensitive to STRYCHNINE and localized in the post-synaptic membrane of inhibitory glycinergic neurons. (bvsalud.org)

NMDA receptor activation is particularly complex, as channel opening requires not only glutamate binding but also glycine or serine binding simultaneously at a separate site, and it also displays a degree of voltage dependence due to Zn2+ or Mg2+ binding in the pore. (wikipedia.org)
Furthermore, Ca2+ currents through the NMDA receptor modulate not just the membrane potential but act as an important second messenger system. (wikipedia.org)
Synaptically released glutamate activates both NMDA and non-NMDA receptors on pyramidal cells, resulting in an excitatory postsynaptic potential (EPSP) with two distinct components. (nih.gov)
It is a quinoxaline derivative and also an antagonist for non-N-methyl-d-aspartate (non-NMDA) glutamate receptor. (sigmaaldrich.com)
Postsynaptic membranes contain several types of glutamate receptors, notably NMDA & AMPA receptors, which allow calcium ion entry. (benbest.com)
Postsynaptic membranes contain two voltage-gated calcium channels (L-type & T-type) as well as a sodium/calcium exchanger, but the NMDA channel is particularly adept at allowing large amounts of calcium ion to enter the cell. (benbest.com)
In addition, the lack of inhibition of the NMDA receptors may lead to seizures and delirium. (medscape.com)
NMDA receptors: neuroprotective or excitotoxic? (hstalks.com)
And one particular focus in the lab is on an important source of calcium influx, the NMDA subtype of ionotrophic glutamate receptors. (hstalks.com)
So a typical glutamatergic synapse, such as the one shown in the cartoon here, the NMDA receptor is a very important source of activity-dependent calcium influx. (hstalks.com)
This postsynaptic depolarization alleviates the voltage-dependent magnesium block on the NMDA receptor. (hstalks.com)
And it's this calcium that is a major mediator of the neuroprotective, as well as the toxic effects of NMDA receptor activity. (hstalks.com)
And the origins of the field, the research into the control of survival and death by NMDA receptors can be traced back to a paper published in 1957 by Lucas and Newhouse. (hstalks.com)
And that this calcium influx was mediated by the NMDA receptor, the NMDA subtype of ionotrophic glutamate receptors. (hstalks.com)
And extremely soon afterwards, it became clear that NMDA receptor-mediated excitotoxity was physiologically relevant because it was implicated in contributing to neuronal loss and dysfunction in acute disorders, particularly stroke and traumatic brain injury. (hstalks.com)
The NMDA (N-methyl-d-aspartate) and AMPA (α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid) classes of glutamate receptors are ion channels. (brainfacts.org)
PEAQX tetrasodium salt is a potent NMDA receptor antagonist (IC 50 = 8 nM). (tocris.com)
Ketamine, an antagonist at the N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptor, produces rapid antidepressant effects with low, subanesthetic doses of 0.5 mg/kg administered IV over 40 minutes. (uspharmacist.com)
The effects of the antipsychotic drugs haloperidol and clozapine on N-methyl- d- aspartate (NMDA) and non-NMDA receptor-mediated neurotransmission were examined and compared in pyramidal cells of the medial prefrontal cortex in rat brain slices by using the techniques of intracellular recording and single-electrode voltage-clamp. (aspetjournals.org)
The study of current-voltage relationship indicates that clozapine preferentially potentiates NMDA receptor-mediated transmission, whereas haloperidol depresses the non-NMDA receptor-mediated response, which probably obscures its potentiating effect on NMDA receptor-mediated EPSPs. (aspetjournals.org)
Upon induction of LTP, but not other forms of short- or long-lasting plasticity, pro-MMPs are rapidly (within ∼ 15 min) converted to proteolytically active MMPs through an NMDA receptor-dependent mechanism. (nature.com)
El receptor GlyB no es sensible a la estricnina y se asocia al receptor excitador NMDA. (bvsalud.org)
GlyB receptor is insensitive to strychnine and associated with the excitatory NMDA receptor. (bvsalud.org)

This result suggests that the enhancement of synaptic transmission during LTP is caused by an increased sensitivity of the postsynaptic neuron to synaptically released glutamate. (nih.gov)
This results in a very high glutamate concentration in the synapse that can saturate postsynaptic receptors and ensure excitation of the postsynaptic neuron. (uab.edu)
Those neurotransmitters from the "sending," or presynaptic, neuron diffuse across the synaptic gap to the "receiving," or postsynaptic, neuron. (brainfacts.org)
There, they interact with receptors embedded in the membrane of the postsynaptic neuron. (brainfacts.org)
The receptors then release the neurotransmitters, which are recycled back into the presynaptic terminal or broken down enzymatically, allowing postsynaptic receptors to receive new signals from the presynaptic neuron. (brainfacts.org)
In general, LTP involves an increase in the number of glutamate receptors on the postsynaptic neuron. (brainfacts.org)
Routinely, certain amino acids, like glutamate, are released from a pre-synaptic neuron and flow to a nearby post-synaptic neuron, promulgating the nerve impulse. (healingtherapies.info)
At these sites, a transmitting presynaptic neuron sends information, in the form of chemical signals known as neurotransmitters, to a receiving postsynaptic cell. (elifesciences.org)
These molecules are then captured by receptors on the membrane of the postsynaptic neuron, altering the activity of the receiving cell. (elifesciences.org)
Neurotransmitters that are released bind to receptors on another neuron. (msdmanuals.com)
Neurotransmitters diffuse across the synaptic cleft and bind briefly to specific receptors on the adjoining neuron or effector cell. (msdmanuals.com)

However, how presynaptic scaffold assembly and maturation are controlled and coupled spatiotemporally to the postsynaptic assembly of neurotransmitter receptors remains largely unknown, although trans-synaptic signalling via Neurexin-1 (Nrx-1)-Neuroligin-1 (Nlg1) adhesion molecules is a strong candidate for a conserved 'master module' in this context, based on Nrx-Nlg signalling promoting synaptogenesis in vitro, synapses of rodents, Caenorhabditis elegans and Drosophila (Muhammad, 2015). (sdbonline.org)
In Drosophila, the Syd-1-PDZ domain binds the Nrx-1 C terminus and couples pre- with postsynaptic maturation at nascent synapses of glutamatergic neuromuscular junctions (NMJs) in Drosophila larvae. (sdbonline.org)
Postsynaptic density (PSD) proteins in excitatory synapses are relatively immobile components, while there is a structured organization of mobile scaffolding proteins lying beneath the PSDs. (frontiersin.org)
Experiments in the lab incorporate a multidisciplinary approach of electrophysiological, imaging methods, and molecular biological approaches to study the activity of synapses and glutamate transporters. (uab.edu)
These excitatory synapses are isolated from one another by Bergmann glia membranes that express a high density of glutamate transporters. (uab.edu)
Encoding a new long-term memory involves persistent changes in the number and shape of synapses, as well as the number of chemical messages sent and molecular docking stations, or receptors, available to receive the messages. (brainfacts.org)
Glutamate travels across synapses within nanoscale 'columns' (pale blue and pale orange) and is captured by receptors (pink) studded through the postsynaptic membrane at dedicated postsynaptic domains (PSD). (elifesciences.org)
GluSnFR fluorescent reporters introduced at the postsynaptic membrane, which glow when bound to glutamate (green ovals), can be used to understand the architecture of synapses. (elifesciences.org)

CNQX(6-cyano-7-nitroquinoxaline-2,3-dioneis) is a potent, competitive AMPA/kainate receptor antagonist. (sigmaaldrich.com)
It displays micromolar affinity towards AMPA/kainate receptor. (sigmaaldrich.com)
Potent, competitive AMPA/kainate receptor antagonist. (sigmaaldrich.com)
Eisai Co., Ltd. (Headquarters: Tokyo, President & CEO: Haruo Naito, "Eisai") announced today its U.K. subsidiary Eisai Europe Limited has received approval from the European Commission (EC) to market the AMPA receptor antagonist Fycompa® (perampanel) as an adjunctive treatment of partial-onset seizures, with or without secondarily generalized seizures, in people with epilepsy aged 12 years and older. (eisai.com)
Discovered and developed by Eisai, Fycompa is a highly selective, non-competitive AMPA-type glutamate receptor antagonist. (eisai.com)
As an AMPA receptor antagonist, Fycompa reduces neuronal hyperexcitation associated with seizures by targeting glutamate activity at post-synaptic AMPA receptors. (eisai.com)
What happens is you get presynaptic release of glutamate into the synaptic cleft, which causes postsynaptic depolarization mediated by the AMPA subtype of glutamate receptor. (hstalks.com)
Chapter 5 examines the AMPA receptor, particularly the GluA3-containing subtype. (uu.nl)

This suggests that these receptors may have evolved to monitor glutamate that has "spilled" out of the synapse. (aspetjournals.org)
Increasing the number of receptors on the postsynaptic cell strengthens a synapse by allowing more electrically conductive ions to enter. (brainfacts.org)
This, in turn, activates several kinds of enzymes, some of which increase the number of synaptic receptors, making the synapse more sensitive to neurotransmitters. (brainfacts.org)

Glutamate receptors are synaptic and non synaptic receptors located primarily on the membranes of neuronal and glial cells. (wikipedia.org)
Kainate receptors (KARs) are glutamate receptors that modulate neurotransmission and neuronal excitability. (helsinki.fi)
His postdoctoral work also demonstrated how altering the strength of neuronal uptake can determine the extent of extrasynaptic receptor activation. (uab.edu)
Con respecto a los modelos animales en TEA, muchos estudios se centran en la expresión génica, la migración y maduración neuronal cortical y los déficits de la red neuronal, pero muy pocos son los estudios que relacionen directamente la comunicación oral animal y la expresión génica en áreas corticales del lenguaje. (bvsalud.org)

Mechanistically, β-Spectrin is required for the localization of α-Spectrin and Ankyrin to the postsynaptic membrane. (rupress.org)
This invaginating contact is known to bear metabotropic glutamate receptors in the bipolar dendrite membrane (Fig. 5). (utah.edu)
The distribution and dynamics of GluA3-containing AMPARs are compared to GluA1-containing AMPARs within the postsynaptic membrane. (uu.nl)
Overall, the thesis provides valuable insights into the nanoscale organization of glutamate receptors and membrane lipids in the postsynaptic membrane. (uu.nl)
photobleached the GluSnFRs in the postsynaptic membrane so they could no longer fluoresce (grey ovals). (elifesciences.org)
An emerging method in the field of neuroscience involves inserting fluorescent reporters into the postsynaptic membrane: these reporters glow when bound to the neurotransmitter glutamate, thus allowing scientists to visualize where and when neurotransmission occurs in the brain. (elifesciences.org)

Both metabotropic and ionotropic glutamate receptors have been shown to have an effect on synaptic plasticity. (wikipedia.org)
An increase or decrease in the number of ionotropic glutamate receptors on a postsynaptic cell may lead to long-term potentiation or long-term depression of that cell, respectively. (wikipedia.org)
Ionotropic glutamate receptors (iGluRs) form the ion channel pore that activates when glutamate binds to the receptor. (wikipedia.org)
Brockie PJ, Maricq AV (2006) Ionotropic glutamate receptors: genetics, behavior and electrophysiology. (yale.edu)

The signalling cascade induced by metabotropic receptor activation means that even a relatively brief or small synaptic signal can have large and long-lasting effects, i.e. the system can have high "gain. (wikipedia.org)

Glutamate (the conjugate base of glutamic acid) is abundant in the human body, but particularly in the nervous system and especially prominent in the human brain where it is the body's most prominent neurotransmitter, the brain's main excitatory neurotransmitter, and also the precursor for GABA, the brain's main inhibitory neurotransmitter. (wikipedia.org)
Glutamate is also used by the brain to synthesize GABA (γ-Aminobutyric acid), the main inhibitory neurotransmitter of the mammalian central nervous system. (wikipedia.org)
Metabotropic GABA B receptors mediate slow inhibitory effects presynaptically and postsynaptically through the modulation of different effector signalling pathways. (springer.com)
Here, we analysed the distribution of GABA B receptors using highly sensitive SDS-digested freeze-fracture replica labelling in mouse cerebellar Purkinje cells. (springer.com)
Immunoreactivity for GABA B1 was observed on presynaptic and, more abundantly, on postsynaptic compartments, showing both scattered and clustered distribution patterns. (springer.com)
To understand the spatial relationship of GABA B receptors with two key effector ion channels, the G protein-gated inwardly rectifying K + (GIRK/Kir3) channel and the voltage-dependent Ca 2+ channel, biochemical and immunohistochemical approaches were performed. (springer.com)
Co-immunoprecipitation analysis demonstrated that GABA B receptors co-assembled with GIRK and Ca V 2.1 channels in the cerebellum. (springer.com)
Thus, GABA B receptors are associated with GIRK and Ca V 2.1 channels in different subcellular compartments. (springer.com)
These data provide a better framework for understanding the different roles played by GABA B receptors and their effector ion channels in the cerebellar network. (springer.com)
GABA B receptors are the G protein-coupled receptors for GABA, the main inhibitory neurotransmitter in the brain, and through coupling to different intracellular signal transduction mechanisms they mediate slow inhibitory postsynaptic potentials (IPSPs) (Bettler et al. (springer.com)
Functional GABA B receptors are obligate heterodimers composed of GABA B1 and GABA B2 subunits, and they are implicated in a number of disorders, including cognitive impairments, nociception, anxiety, depression and epilepsy (Bettler et al. (springer.com)
Stimulation of postsynaptic GABA B receptors generally triggers inhibition of adenylate cyclase and activation of G protein-gated inwardly rectifying K + (GIRK/Kir3) channels, leading to cell hyperpolarisation (Kaupmann et al. (springer.com)
During withdrawal from alcohol, the loss of GABA-A receptor stimulation causes a reduction in chloride flux and is associated with tremors, diaphoresis, tachycardia, anxiety, and seizures. (medscape.com)
Ethanol interacts with GABA receptors, enhancing activity. (medscape.com)
GABA receptors are a family of chloride ion channels that mediate inhibitory neurotransmission. (medscape.com)
Chronic alcohol consumption also causes a consistent activation of a GABA-A receptor. (stonegatecenter.com)

His thesis work revealed how glutamate transporters can function as both carriers and ligand-gated ion channels. (uab.edu)

Certain members of this receptor family have been shown to function as presynaptic regulatory mechanisms to control release of neurotransmitters. (aspetjournals.org)
Upon binding neurotransmitters, receptors unleash a cascade of molecular events that convert the message back into an electrical signal. (brainfacts.org)
Evoked vesicle fusion and detection takes place inside these columns, with the neurotransmitters being captured by receptors present within a carefully delineated postsynaptic nanodomain ( Figure 1 ). (elifesciences.org)
pink) through the release of neurotransmitters such as glutamate (green dots). (elifesciences.org)

First, I will introduce the basics of neurotransmission and glutamate receptors. (hstalks.com)
Fluorescent glutamate sensors shed light on the microscopic organization underlining spontaneous neurotransmission. (elifesciences.org)

CNQX mediates depolarization thalamic reticular nucleus via α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methylisoxazole-4-propionic acid receptors (AMPARs). (sigmaaldrich.com)

These studies along with other evidence suggest that mGlu7 is the nerve terminal autoreceptor that regulates physiological release of glutamate. (aspetjournals.org)

Depolarization of presynaptic membranes results in release of the neurotransmitter glutamate (glutamic acid) . (benbest.com)

Of the many specific subtypes of glutamate receptors, it is customary to refer to primary subtypes by a chemical that binds to it more selectively than glutamate. (wikipedia.org)
Several compounds are routinely used in glutamate receptor research and associated with receptor subtypes: Due to the diversity of glutamate receptors, their subunits are encoded by numerous gene families. (wikipedia.org)
In general, Gi-coupled mGlu receptor subtypes appear to negatively modulate excitatory (and possibly also inhibitory) neurotransmitter output when activated. (aspetjournals.org)
The subsequent chapters investigate specific glutamate receptor subtypes. (uu.nl)

Electrophysiology including recording of excitatory postsynaptic currents or EPCs, mini EPCs in single channels. (hstalks.com)

and (4) interactions with serotonin and dopamine receptors. (medscape.com)
In addition to these effects, receptors for dopamine and serotonin are also stimulated with a consistent intake of alcoholic beverages. (stonegatecenter.com)

They assemble from five subunits (GRIK1-5 or GluK1-5) present at both pre- and postsynaptic membranes. (helsinki.fi)

My research interests are focused on the structural and functional organizational of the postsynaptic site of glutamatergic synopsis. (hstalks.com)
It has recently been demonstrated that prenatal exposure to the cannabinoid receptor 1 agonist (R)-(+)-[2,3-dihydro-5-methyl-3-(4-morpholinyl-methyl)pyrrolo[1,2,3-de]-1,4-benzoxazin-6-yl]-1-naphthalenylmethanone (WIN 55,212-2) produces memory deficit in adulthood, an effect associated with a reduced functionality of the glutamatergic system. (researchgate.net)

Glutamate is the most prominent neurotransmitter in the body, and is the main excitatory neurotransmitter, being present in over 50% of nervous tissue. (wikipedia.org)
Excitotoxicity originates by massive release of the excitatory neurotransmitter glutamate. (nature.com)
And he coined the term 'excitotoxity' because, of course, glutamate by then was well known as an excitatory neurotransmitter, as well as being potentially toxic. (hstalks.com)

Metabotropic glutamate (mGlu) receptors, which include mGlu1-8 receptors, are a heterogeneous family of G-protein-coupled receptors which function to modulate brain excitability via presynaptic, postsynaptic and glial mechanisms. (aspetjournals.org)
However, more recent evidence suggests that distinct molecular mechanisms underpin spontaneous and evoked vesicle fusion, with the two processes activating separate classes of postsynaptic receptors. (elifesciences.org)

Additionally, metabotropic glutamate receptors may modulate synaptic plasticity by regulating postsynaptic protein synthesis through second messenger systems. (wikipedia.org)

According to the metabotropic glutamate receptor (mGluR) theory of FXS, excessive protein synthesis downstream of mGluR5 activation causes the synaptic pathophysiology that underlies multiple aspects of FXS. (jneurosci.org)
The postsynaptic protein Shank3 (SH3 and multiple ankyrin repeat domains) is of particular interest, as the loss of a single allele of the SHANK3 gene is sufficient to cause profound cognitive symptoms in children. (jneurosci.org)
Glutamate receptor trafficking and protein synthesis mediate the facilitation of LTP by secreted amyloid precursor protein-alpha. (otago.ac.nz)

LTP involves a series of molecular events stabilizing the synaptic changes: The increase in calcium ions within the postsynaptic cell activates cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) molecules. (brainfacts.org)

PSD-95, is one of the most critical structural proteins that organizes the postsynaptic site of synopsis in some mammalian brain. (hstalks.com)
Mammalian glutamate receptors are classified based on their pharmacology. (wikipedia.org)
Glutamate is the most prevalent neurotransmitter in the mammalian nervous system, and it binds to several different kinds of receptors. (brainfacts.org)

At concentrations of ≥100 nM, clozapine, but not haloperidol, produced bursts of excitatory postsynaptic potentials (EPSPs), which were blocked by glutamate receptor antagonists, suggesting that these EPSPs were the result of increasing release of excitatory amino acids. (aspetjournals.org)

During alcohol cessation with a medical detox program, the patient will no longer experience this upregulation and inhibitory effects of receptors in the brain. (stonegatecenter.com)

Glutamate receptors are responsible for the glutamate-mediated postsynaptic excitation of neural cells, and are important for neural communication, memory formation, learning, and regulation. (wikipedia.org)

We have found that glycine has biphasic modulatory effects on the glutamate-mediated excitatory postsynaptic potentials: at lower concentrations, glycine enhances the glutamate-mediated excitatory postsynaptic potential-related optical signal, and at higher concentrations, it reduces the glutamate-mediated excitatory postsynaptic potential-signal. (nih.gov)
Furthermore, we compared the glycine effect with the effect of Mg(2)+ on N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors, and we have found that the Mg(2)+ site is functionally organized prior to the glycine site during embryonic development. (nih.gov)
Cell surface receptors that bind GLYCINE with high affinity and trigger intracellular changes which influence the behavior of cells. (bvsalud.org)
Glycine receptors in the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM have an intrinsic chloride channel. (bvsalud.org)

By combining these methods, we aim to better understand how glutamate transporters shape synaptic signals and their physiological roles in normal and pathological states. (uab.edu)
Optical signals related to glutamate-mediated excitatory postsynaptic potentials were evoked by a brief square current pulse applied with a microsuction electrode to the vagus nerve, and were recorded simultaneously from many sites in the brainstem slice preparation. (nih.gov)

This includes analyzing lipid diffusion behavior and distribution patterns, as well as investigating the effects of altering lipid composition on receptor organization. (uu.nl)

KAR function is regulated by neuropilin and tolloid-like (NETO) proteins, which also regulate postsynaptic GRIK2 abundance. (helsinki.fi)

These glutamate receptors are suggested to play a role in modulating gene expression in glial cells, both during the proliferation and differentiation of glial precursor cells in brain development and in mature glial cells. (wikipedia.org)

However, glutamate receptors in other organisms have different pharmacology, and therefore these classifications do not hold. (wikipedia.org)

This effect was associated with decreased activation of pathways linked to neurotrophin and glutamate receptor signaling. (researchgate.net)

A postsynaptic density, consisting of concentrated neurotransmitter receptors, forms in direct apposition to the active zone. (rupress.org)
Chapter 6 focuses on the metabotropic glutamate receptor mGluR5, exploring its distribution and dynamics in relation to the postsynaptic density. (uu.nl)

This presentation will provide an in-depth overview of its structure and function, starting with the discovery that it interacts with postsynaptic glutamate receptors. (hstalks.com)

Also, an effect on synaptic KAR subunit abundance might be specific to either pre- or postsynaptic compartment, and thus more difficult to detect in SYN fractions. (helsinki.fi)

Which when, coincident with glutamate binding to the receptor, opens the channel and in flows sodium, and importantly calcium. (hstalks.com)
Upon binding glutamate, they permit calcium and sodium ions, respectively, to flow into the cell. (brainfacts.org)
LTP boosts the concentration of calcium ions inside a postsynaptic cell, while LTD increases it to a lesser degree. (brainfacts.org)

The receptor was proved to be mGluR6 by Numura and coauthors (1994) and Vardi and Morigawa (1997) using immunocytochemistry against the cloned mGluR6 receptor. (utah.edu)

Recent progress on the molecular and pharmacological aspects of these presynaptic mGlu receptors is unveiling their functions and the therapeutic directions of agents designed for these novel glutamate receptor targets. (aspetjournals.org)

Epileptic seizures are primarily mediated by the neurotransmitter glutamate. (eisai.com)

Anatomy59

Organisms13

Diseases2

Chemicals and Drugs127

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment14

Psychiatry and Psychology1

Phenomena and Processes34

Disciplines and Occupations3

Information Science2

Health Care1

Neurons14

NMDA23

Neuron11

Synapses8

AMPA8

Synapse3

Neuronal4

Membrane6

Ionotropic glutamate receptors4

Metabotropic receptor1

GABA16

Ligand-gated io1

Neurotransmitters4

Neurotransmission2

Mediates1

Release of glutamate1

Glutamic acid1

Subtypes4

Currents1

Serotonin2

Membranes1

Glutamatergic2

Excitatory neurotransmitter3

Mechanisms2

Modulate1

Protein3

Activates1

Mammalian3

Antagonists1

Inhibitory effects1

Excitation1

Glycine4

Signals2

Behavior1

Proteins1

Glial1

Pharmacology1

Neurotrophin1

Density2

Interacts1

Subunit1

Calcium3

19971

Molecular1

Seizures1