• The pituitary gland is divided into 2 parts (lobes). (cancer.ca)
  • The pituitary gland consists of the anterior and posterior lobes, both of which have separate developmental origins. (endocrine-abstracts.org)
  • The anterior and posterior lobes constitute 2 distinct parts of the pituitary gland and have distinct embryologic backgrounds. (ajnr.org)
  • The gland has three lobes: anterior, intermediate and posterior. (funderstanding.com)
  • the extract obtained from the lobes of the pituitary glands of hogs, sheep, and other domestic animals: the posterior lobe constituent increases blood pressure, contracts stomach muscles, etc., and the anterior lobe constituent regulates growth of the skeleton. (dictionary.com)
  • Between this skeleton and the pituitary body the important portion of the brain formed by the occipital lobes takes its origin. (dictionary.com)
  • The posterior cerebral circulation (or simply, posterior circulation ) is the blood supply to the posterior portion of the brain, including the occipital lobes , cerebellum and brainstem . (radiopaedia.org)
  • The pituitary gland is composed of an anterior and posterior lobes. (histologyguide.com)
  • Pituitary Gland has got two lobes: Anterior lobe and Posterior lobe What is its' function? (diabetesendocrinology.in)
  • Unlike the posterior pituitary which basically stores hormones produced by the hypothalamus, the hypothalamus regulates the anterior pituitary via secreting "releasing hormones," somatostatin and dopamine. (profound-answers.com)
  • This lobe is responsible for releasing hormones such as oxytocin and antidiuretic hormone (ADH), which are produced by the hypothalamus and stored in the posterior pituitary gland. (proprofs.com)
  • Meanwhile, the posterior pituitary remains connected to the hypothalamus, functioning as a repository for hormones produced by the hypothalamus and receiving messages from it that regulate when hormones are to be released to and through the anterior pituitary. (wise-geek.com)
  • While these hormones are produced by the anterior pituitary, their production is controlled by regulatory hormones produced by the hypothalamus. (jackwestin.com)
  • These hormones are considered to be posterior pituitary hormones even though they are produced by the hypothalamus since that is where they are released into the circulatory system. (jackwestin.com)
  • One set sends the hormones they produce down through the pituitary stalk to the posterior lobe of the pituitary gland where these hormones are released directly into the bloodstream. (profound-answers.com)
  • Also known as the infundibulum or pituitary stalk, the infundibular stalk bridges the hypothalamic and hypophyseal systems. (wikipedia.org)
  • On the basis of these facts, it is understandable that the hypophyseal stalk or posterior pituitary can be a host to all the neoplastic processes that originate from the glial cell series. (ajnr.org)
  • On MR imaging, a posterior pituitary mass, isointense on T1-weighted images (T1WI) and hyperintense on T2-weighted images (T2WI), was identified, without significant involvement of the stalk. (ajnr.org)
  • The imaging study performed before this admission demonstrated a bulky pituitary mass, as well as a bulky stalk with suprasellar extension and attenuated nonhomogenous enhancement. (ajnr.org)
  • They are modified glial cells of empendymal cell lineage located in the neurohypophysis and pituitary stalk. (ajnr.org)
  • Intrinsic pituitary disease, or any process that disrupts the pituitary stalk or damages the hypothalamus, may produce pituitary hormone deficiency. (medscape.com)
  • In contrast to the anterior pituitary hormones, the posterior pituitary hormones (ie, ADH, oxytocin) are synthesized by cell bodies in the hypothalamus and transported along the neurohypophyseal tract of the pituitary stalk. (medscape.com)
  • The stalk was seen at the midline extending a long distance from the hypothalamus to the pituitary gland. (ajronline.org)
  • Because the pituitary gland did not have features suggestive of adenoma on MR imaging, we assumed that the hyperprolactinemia was caused by the traction of the pituitary stalk. (ajronline.org)
  • These hypothalamic cell bodies produce hormones that undergo axonal transport through the pituitary stalk and into terminal axons within the neurohypophysis. (medscape.com)
  • The posterior pituitary (or neurohypophysis) is the posterior lobe of the pituitary gland which is part of the endocrine system. (wikipedia.org)
  • It is based upon the gross anatomical separation of the posterior and anterior pituitary along the cystic remnants of Rathke's pouch, causing the pars intermedia to remain attached to the neurohypophysis. (wikipedia.org)
  • The pituitary gland is divided into two parts: the anterior pituitary (adenohypophysis) and the posterior pituitary (neurohypophysis). (medscape.com)
  • We report two cases of posterior pituitary astrocytomas in middle-aged women presenting as focal lesions of the neurohypophysis. (ajnr.org)
  • The neurohypophysis, or posterior pituitary, is an inferior extension of the hypothalamus, which descends to lie in close proximity to the anterior pituitary. (ajnr.org)
  • The posterior pituitary, being part of the neurohypophysis, harbors specialized glial cells named "pituicytes. (ajnr.org)
  • The pituitary gland, located at the base of the brain, is composed of anterior (ie, adenohypophysis) and posterior (ie, neurohypophysis) regions. (medscape.com)
  • The normal hyperintensity of the neurohypophysis was not detected in the posterior pituitary lobe. (ajronline.org)
  • The pituitary gland has 2 parts: the anterior pituitary (adenohypophysis) and the posterior pituitary (neurohypophysis). (medscape.com)
  • Hormones secreted by neurohypophysis (posterior pituitary). (medscape.com)
  • The pituitary gland is entirely ectodermal in origin but is composed of 2 functionally distinct structures that differ in embryologic development and anatomy: the adenohypophysis (anterior pituitary) and the neurohypophysis (posterior pituitary). (medscape.com)
  • It is made up of the adenohypophysis , or the anterior lobe, and the neurohypophysis, or posterior part. (wise-geek.com)
  • The repetition of the phrase "adrenal glands, adrenal glands, Adrenal gland, adrenal gland" suggests that C is referring to multiple adrenal glands. (proprofs.com)
  • The use of both uppercase and lowercase letters for "Adrenal gland" indicates that it could be a typo or inconsistency in capitalization, but it still refers to the same thing - the adrenal glands. (proprofs.com)
  • The adrenal gland consists of two parts - an outer cortex and an inner medulla . (reachingfordreams.com)
  • adrenal gland. (studyinnovations.com)
  • Secretion of the hormone is controlled by the hypothalamus, the pituitary gland, and the adrenal gland, a combination glands often referred to as the hypothalamic pituitary axis. (healthjade.net)
  • Hypopituitarism is a clinical syndrome of deficiency in pituitary hormone production. (medscape.com)
  • however, if one or more, but not all, pituitary hormones are involved, this results in partial hypopituitarism . (medscape.com)
  • Hypopituitarism is a partial or complete insufficiency of pituitary hormone secretion that may derive from pituitary or hypothalamic disease. (medscape.com)
  • Mutations in these genes are causes of congenital hypopituitarism and have specific pituitary hormone deficiencies associated with the involved gene. (medscape.com)
  • however, only 1 or more pituitary hormones are often involved, resulting in isolated or partial hypopituitarism. (medscape.com)
  • Sheehan syndrome refers to hypopituitarism caused by postpartum pituitary necrosis, usually following severe postpartum hemorrhage. (tomwademd.net)
  • Sheehan syndrome is the clinical manifestation of anterior pituitary cell necrosis and may present as pan-hypopituitarism or as selective loss of pituitary function. (tomwademd.net)
  • Pan-hypopituitarism is a result when many cells of the pituitary are affected, as opposed to only a few cells. (tomwademd.net)
  • Instead, it is largely a collection of axonal projections from the hypothalamus that terminate behind the anterior pituitary, and serve as a site for the secretion of neurohypophysial hormones (oxytocin and vasopressin) directly into the blood. (wikipedia.org)
  • Classification of the posterior pituitary varies, but most sources include the two regions below: Also called the neural lobe or posterior lobe, this region constitutes the majority of the posterior pituitary and is the storage site of oxytocin and vasopressin. (wikipedia.org)
  • Two hormones are classically considered as being related to the posterior pituitary: oxytocin and vasopressin. (wikipedia.org)
  • The hypothalamus produces two hormones, vasopressin (VP) and oxytocin (OXT), that are secreted from the nerve axons into the capillary beds that supply the posterior pituitary, where they are stored in cells and ultimately released into the circulation. (medscape.com)
  • RZT can be used to treat many of the physiological discomforts in pregnancy and is particularly effective in facilitating the onset and progress of labour through stimulation of two pressure points on the big toes which refer to the pituitary gland reflex zones and can therefore initiate oxytocin release to encourage contractions. (expectancy.co.uk)
  • Antidiuretic hormone and oxytocin are stored and released by the posterior pituitary gland. (studyinnovations.com)
  • In addition, the hormone oxytocin induces contractions in the myoepithelial cells of the mammary gland. (steptohealth.com)
  • or when oxytocin is released from another part of the body, which stimulates the anterior pituitary to release hormones to stimulate milk gland contractions in breast-feeding mothers. (wise-geek.com)
  • The antidiuretic hormone (ADH) (or vasopressin) and oxytocin are produced by neurons in the hypothalamus and transported to the posterior pituitary. (jackwestin.com)
  • Adrenocorticotrophic hormone (ACTH) tells the adrenal glands to make cortisol and other steroid hormones. (cancer.ca)
  • When the hypothalamus produces corticotrophin-releasing hormone (CRH), it stimulates the pituitary gland to release adrenal corticotrophic hormone (ACTH) (see Figure 5). (healthjade.net)
  • When the blood cortisol level falls, the hypothalamus releases corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH), which directs the pituitary gland to produce ACTH (adrenocorticotropic hormone). (healthjade.net)
  • ACTH stimulates the adrenal glands to produce and release cortisol. (healthjade.net)
  • The anterior pituitary produces and secretes a number of hormones, including growth hormone (GH), thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), and prolactin. (musclegrowthexpert.com)
  • In the anterior pituitary, adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) is sent to the adrenal glands to stimulate the production of glucocorticoids to respond to stress reactions or fear. (wise-geek.com)
  • Bernardo Houssay, on the other hand, was at first extre-mely cautious in ascribing the effect he had observed to one of the three parts of the pituitary gland, and since the removal of one part of that complex organ without disturbance of the rest was a surgically difficult operation in mammals he studied it in lower species. (animalresearch.info)
  • In this way, he discovered that in the frog and in the toad, the two main parts of the pituitary gland, the anterior lobe and the posterior lobe, could be removed separately fairly easily. (animalresearch.info)
  • Hormones secreted by adenohypophysis (anterior pituitary). (medscape.com)
  • The transition from Rathke's pouch to the adenohypophysis involves the formation of the pars distalis from the rapidly proliferating anterior wall, the pars intermedia from the less active posterior wall, and the pars tuberalis from an upward outgrowth of the anterior wall. (medscape.com)
  • The adenohypophysis constitutes roughly 80% of the pituitary and manufactures an array of peptide hormones. (medscape.com)
  • The release of these pituitary hormones is mediated by hypothalamic neurohormones that are secreted from the median eminence (a site where axon terminals emanate from the hypothalamus) and that reach the adenohypophysis via a portal venous system. (medscape.com)
  • The pituitary is often called the "master gland", as it controls the functioning of many other endocrine glands of the body, including the thyroid, adrenals and reproductive glands. (pituitary.asn.au)
  • The pituitary is a pea-sized gland at the base of the brain that is sometimes referred to as the "master gland" because of its wider effects on the body. (healthjade.net)
  • The pituitary controls the function of most other endocrine glands and is therefore sometimes called the master gland. (msdmanuals.com)
  • The pituitary gland, also known as the "master gland", is a small but mighty organ that sits at the base of the brain and is responsible for regulating a number of critical functions in the body. (musclegrowthexpert.com)
  • The pituitary gland, also known as the "master gland," is a small, pea-sized organ located at the base of the brain, just below the hypothalamus. (musclegrowthexpert.com)
  • Often referred to as the "master gland", the pituitary gland synthesizes and releases various hormones that affect several organs throughout the body (see the images below). (medscape.com)
  • 2. The pituitary gland, sometimes called the "master gland," is located at the base of the brain. (jackwestin.com)
  • A few sources include the pars intermedia as part of the posterior lobe, but this is a minority view. (wikipedia.org)
  • Between the anterior and posterior part of the pituitary gland there is a segment called the pars intermedia. (medscape.com)
  • The anterior pituitary, as well as the pars intermedia and pars tuberalis, originates from the primitive stomodeum, which ascends cranially to the sell turcica. (ajnr.org)
  • How does the hypothalamus control the secretion of growth hormone GH from the anterior pituitary? (profound-answers.com)
  • Growth hormone (GH) deficiency is when the pituitary gland doesn't make enough growth hormone. (uhhospitals.org)
  • All of the following are hormones of the anterior pituitary EXCEPT human growth hormone (GH). (studyinnovations.com)
  • At the other end, a tumor of the pituitary can over-produce growth hormone and cause acromegaly. (dictionary.com)
  • Prolactin and growth hormone are the most common hormones affected by selective pituitary necrosis and hypofunction. (tomwademd.net)
  • The pituitary gland plays a crucial role in regulating growth hormone (GH) secretion. (musclegrowthexpert.com)
  • The increased infusion of growth hormone generally through childhood from the pituitary gland can cause a person's height to skyrocket over nine feet. (wise-geek.com)
  • The hypothalamus also synthesizes and secretes regulatory hormones that control the endocrine cells in the anterior pituitary gland such as Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone, Thyrotropin Releasing Hormone, Growth Hormone Releasing Hormone and somatostatin. (jackwestin.com)
  • Summary: Astrocytoma, or pituicytoma, of the posterior pituitary is a relatively rare entity consisting of poorly characterized glial tumor cells. (ajnr.org)
  • A review of the literature reveals only a few reports of this tumor, and there has been scanty discussion of the imaging findings of posterior pituitary astrocytomas compared with lesions of the anterior pituitary gland. (ajnr.org)
  • Others who, because of a tumor in the pituitary gland, may overproduce HGH develop a different problem: gigantism. (dictionary.com)
  • Question: Following radiation for a pituitary tumor, is there a risk that the entire pituitary will be unable to function normally? (csrf.net)
  • Question: I had a pituitary tumor almost 13 years ago. (csrf.net)
  • A tumor on the pituitary gland in the brain can sometimes lead to a condition known as gigantism or giantism. (wise-geek.com)
  • Its chemical composition is similar to its counterpart hormone, vasopressin, which is located in the anterior pituitary gland and has several functions. (steptohealth.com)
  • The lateral part of the paraventricular nucleus contains neurons that release vasopressin through the posterior pituitary gland. (pediagenosis.com)
  • From the storage in the posterior, vasopressin hormones that regulate water retention with the kidneys or that can elevate blood pressure can be released by hypothalamic signal. (wise-geek.com)
  • This formula provides support for all the important brain glands - pituitary, pineal, and thalamus. (healthcenters.com)
  • It ascends deep to the rest of the PCA and supplies small branches to the tegmentum , midbrain , posterior thalamus and pineal gland as the cisternal segment . (radiopaedia.org)
  • by producing releasing/inhibiting hormones which stimulate/inhibit hormones production from the anterior pituitary. (profound-answers.com)
  • 2. Hypothalamus produces releasing hormones that stimulate hormone secretion by the posterior pituitary. (profound-answers.com)
  • The anterior pituitary receives signals from the hypothalamus that either stimulate or inhibit the secretion of pituitary hormones. (medscape.com)
  • The hypothalamus, located just above the pituitary, serves as a communications centre for the pituitary gland by sending messages to the pituitary to stimulate pituitary hormone production to maintain the body's internal balance. (pituitary.asn.au)
  • The conclusion that TRH in the extracts of rat brain is the same as synthetic TRH is based on the following criteria: (a) immunoreactivity with a specific antiserum to synthetic TRH, (b) chromatographic properties on Sephadex G-10, (c) electrophoretic mobility on cellulose acetate, (d) susceptibility to degradation by plasma, and (e) capacity of the extracts to stimulate TSH release in vitro from anterior pituitary tissue. (elsevierpure.com)
  • This gland acts as a control center, secreting hormones that stimulate the release of hormones from other endocrine glands. (musclegrowthexpert.com)
  • TSH is secreted from the anterior pituitary and acts on the thyroid gland to stimulate the production and secretion of thyroid hormones, including thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3). (musclegrowthexpert.com)
  • In contrast, it communicates with the posterior pituitary via action potentials traveling down axons that connect the hypothalamus to the posterior pituitary. (profound-answers.com)
  • The posterior pituitary consists mainly of neuronal projections (axons) of magnocellular neurosecretory cells extending from the supraoptic and paraventricular nuclei of the hypothalamus. (wikipedia.org)
  • In addition to axons, the posterior pituitary also contains pituicytes, specialized glial cells resembling astrocytes assisting in the storage and release of the hormones. (wikipedia.org)
  • How are anterior & posterior pituitary regulate the functioning of body? (profound-answers.com)
  • It’s useful in managing healthy fat utilization by the body, helps regulate the appetite, and re-establishes proper pituitary/pineal function. (healthcenters.com)
  • It contains separate populations of neurons that regulate anterior and posterior pituitary responses, as well as autonomic outputs. (pediagenosis.com)
  • The pituitary gland is also responsible for producing hormones that regulate a wide range of processes, including growth, metabolism, blood pressure, and reproductive health. (musclegrowthexpert.com)
  • Hormones developed in the anterior pituitary regulate physiological processes related to growth, reproduction, and metabolism . (wise-geek.com)
  • As an endocrine gland, the pancreas produces several important hormones, such as insulin and glucagon in the islets of Langerhans , which are secreted into the bloodstream to regulate blood sugar levels. (jackwestin.com)
  • The pituitary gland is surrounded by bone (sphenoid bone), and it sits in a pouch called the sella turcica. (cancer.ca)
  • The pituitary is a pea-sized gland that is housed within a bony structure (sella turcica) at the base of the brain. (msdmanuals.com)
  • The sella turcica protects the pituitary but allows very little room for expansion. (msdmanuals.com)
  • The pituitary gland is enveloped by dura and sits within the sella turcica of the sphenoid bone. (medscape.com)
  • The sella turcica is a saddle-shaped depression that surrounds the inferior, anterior, and posterior aspects of the pituitary. (medscape.com)
  • The parathyroid glands are four tiny glands located around the thyroid. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Hyperparathyroidism is when the parathyroid glands make too much parathyroid hormone. (uhhospitals.org)
  • Hypoparathyroidism is when the parathyroid glands don't make enough parathyroid hormone. (uhhospitals.org)
  • The parathyroid glands are 4 tiny glands on the thyroid. (uhhospitals.org)
  • 4. The parathyroid glands are small endocrine glands that produce parathyroid hormone . (jackwestin.com)
  • Regulation of the development of the mammalian anterior pituitary gland by transcription factors. (medscape.com)
  • Neuroendocrinology of Pituitary Hormone Regulation. (endotext.org)
  • Though the anterior and posterior pituitary organs work closely together for hormone regulation, they are essentially two different organs in physiology and function. (wise-geek.com)
  • The posterior pituitary consists of neural tissue that descends from the floor of the third ventricle. (medscape.com)
  • The transchoroidal approach is versatile and provides adequate exposure of the middle and posterior regions of the third ventricle. (thejns.org)
  • However, the fornix column limits the exposure of the anterior region of the third ventricle. (thejns.org)
  • The hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis. (wikipedia.org)
  • The hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis comprises hypothalamic gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH), the anterior pituitary luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), and the gonadal steroids. (wikipedia.org)
  • 4- How does the Pituitary-Hypothalamic axis work? (homeworksforyou.com)
  • The hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis consists of the hypothalamus, pituitary gland and the gonads. (hellovaia.com)
  • Actions that are controlled by a series of glands and hormones are referred to as an axis. (hellovaia.com)
  • Another example of an axis is the HPA axis (Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal) which plays an important role in our body's response to stressful situations! (hellovaia.com)
  • The anterior lobe produces and releases hormones. (profound-answers.com)
  • It produces hormones that control the other structures in the endocrine system, including the pituitary gland. (medlineplus.gov)
  • The anterior pituitary, an ectodermal structure that derives from the pharynx as the Rathke pouch, produces most of the gland's hormones. (medscape.com)
  • Each lobe of the pituitary gland produces certain hormones," the University of Maryland Medical Center Endocrinology Health Guide said. (funderstanding.com)
  • The pituitary, a pea-sized gland at the base of the brain, produces a number of hormones. (msdmanuals.com)
  • The anterior lobe also produces several other hormones, including one that causes the skin to darken (beta-melanocyte-stimulating hormone) and ones that inhibit pain sensations (enkephalins and endorphins) and help control the immune system (endorphins). (msdmanuals.com)
  • The hypothalamus produces a number of releasing and inhibiting hormones, which control the release of hormones from the anterior and posterior pituitary. (musclegrowthexpert.com)
  • Located in the head, the pituitary gland produces hormones and regulates several other glands of the body's endocrine system. (wise-geek.com)
  • The thyroid gland produces the hormones T3 (triiodothyronine) and T4 (thyroxine). (jackwestin.com)
  • Cortisol is produced and secreted by the adrenal glands, two triangular organs that sit on top of the kidneys (Figure 2). (healthjade.net)
  • The coxal excretory organs at the base of the endognaths remain and become the pituitary body. (dictionary.com)
  • This network of arteries, veins, and capillaries connects to the body's bloodstream, and transports hormones to other endocrine organs , such as the thyroid , ovaries , adrenal, and other glands. (wise-geek.com)
  • Anterior pituitary hormones are sometimes referred to as tropic hormones because they control the functioning of other organs. (jackwestin.com)
  • The oral ectoderm and neural ectoderm that form the pituitary anlagen are in close contact during early embryogenesis, and this connection is critical for pituitary development. (medscape.com)
  • this organ is a collection of vascular network and neural pathways from the hypothalamus to the anterior pituitary. (wise-geek.com)
  • The cells of the anterior are clearly endocrine cells, and the cells of the posterior are clearly neural cells. (wise-geek.com)
  • Based on studies in birds, the telencephalic leptomeninges arise from the neural crest (neuroectoderm) and the leptomeninges of the posterior brain and the spinal cord arises from the mesoderm. (medscape.com)
  • Contrast-enhanced coronal T1-weighted spin-echo MR image (TR/TE, 440/11) shows abnormal shape of sella, downward displacement of pituitary gland through defect in basisphenoid ( long arrow ), and stretching and thinning of infundibulum ( short arrow ). (ajronline.org)
  • The infundibulum pierces the diaphragma sellae in order to connect the pituitary to the hypothalamus. (medscape.com)
  • These glands also send feedback signals to the posterior pituitary that adjust hormone releases relative to the body's needs. (wise-geek.com)
  • A negative feedback loop occurs such that the hormones produced in the target glands feed back to inhibit the release of their respective regulatory pituitary and hypothalamic factors. (medscape.com)
  • Sheehan's syndrome is a pituitary disease resulting from severe postpartum hemorrhage and can present with varying degrees of pituitary insufficiency. (bvsalud.org)
  • Consequently, the cells of the anterior pituitary are more prone to necrosis in pregnancies complicated by significant postpartum hemorrhage. (tomwademd.net)
  • This gland secretes hormones that control a wide range of processes including growth, metabolism, blood pressure, and reproductive health. (musclegrowthexpert.com)
  • As a general rule, diagnosis of a single pituitary hormone deficiency requires evaluating the other hormone axes. (medscape.com)
  • When pituitary hormone production is impaired, target gland hormone production is reduced because of a lack of trophic stimulus. (medscape.com)
  • Based on the results of the hormone loading tests, a diagnosis of pituitary adrenal insufficiency was made. (bvsalud.org)
  • CONCLUSIONS: This is the first report of hyponatremia due to pituitary adrenal insufficiency during hospitalization for a Mamushi bite in a patient with empty sella. (bvsalud.org)
  • When hyponatremia occurs during hospitalization for a Mamushi bite, cortisol measurement, hormone loading test, and head MRI should be performed to search for pituitary lesions because of the possibility of adrenal insufficiency caused by snake venom. (bvsalud.org)
  • Question: I have permanent pituitary insufficiency and find that I don't deal with stress well at all. (csrf.net)
  • Gonads are important reproductive and endocrine glands responsible for the production of gametes or reproductive cells used in sexual reproduction. (hellovaia.com)
  • 8. The gonads are additional types of endocrine glands. (jackwestin.com)