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Paranasal SinusesMaxillary SinusParanasal Sinus DiseasesParanasal Sinus NeoplasmsMaxillary Sinus NeoplasmsMaxillary SinusitisFrontal SinusEthmoid SinusSinusitisNose NeoplasmsNasal CavitySphenoid SinusMucoceleMaxillary ArteryMaxillaOtorhinolaryngologic Surgical ProceduresNasal PolypsTomography, X-Ray ComputedOsteomaTurbinatesEndoscopyCranial SinusesNasal SeptumRhinitisMaxillary DiseasesOrbitMaxillary NeoplasmsCavernous SinusNose DiseasesSinus of ValsalvaEthmoid BoneSinus Floor AugmentationSkullSphenoid SinusitisCarotid SinusNasal ObstructionRhinometry, AcousticDentigerous CystFrontal SinusitisJaw, EdentulousEpistaxisPapilloma, InvertedExophthalmosEthmoid SinusitisOrbital NeoplasmsDental Implantation, EndosseousNose Deformities, AcquiredNasal SpraysMaxillary FracturesCoronary SinusMaxillary NerveNasal MucosaEsthesioneuroblastoma, OlfactoryOrbital DiseasesDental ImplantsOroantral FistulaTooth Eruption, EctopicSinus Thrombosis, IntracranialAlveolar Ridge AugmentationCranial Fossa, MiddleNoseSick Sinus SyndromeTampons, SurgicalAlveolar ProcessOral Surgical Procedures, PreprostheticMolarKartagener SyndromeIncisorSkull Base NeoplasmsCone-Beam Computed TomographyZygomaSkull BasePeriapical DiseasesLevocardiaTooth, ImpactedMagnetic Resonance ImagingCuspidPalatePalatal Expansion TechniqueSphenoid BoneBicuspidWoodTachycardia, SinusRadiography, PanoramicMucormycosisDental ArchDimensional Measurement AccuracyRetrospective StudiesAnatomyFatal OutcomeAnatomic VariationTreatment OutcomeBone TransplantationChronic DiseaseEnophthalmosModels, AnatomicOral Surgical ProceduresCephalometryDental ImplantationCadaver
MucosaCavities locatedNoseSinusitisArteriesFrontal sinusInflammationOstiumBoneInferiorSphenoid sinusesMucosalAnatomyInfectionSphenoidal sinusesTeethCavityMiddle meatusAlveolarBenignEndoscopicDrainageNasal fossaMedialRhinosinusitisLateralFossaSymptomsPharyngealMaxillaEthmoidal cellsOrbitLeft maxillary sinusFacialNervesAnatomicPolypsCavernousAcute or chronicTumorsLesionPneumatizationComputed tomographyChoanaCarcinomaAperturesHard palatePatient's
Mucosa5
  • Embryologically, the maxillary sinuses begin to develop as lateral out-pouchings of the ethmo-maxillary recess mucosa during the 10th to 12th week of gestation. (decisionsindentistry.com)
  • Patients with deep mycoses may present with a primary infection of the oral mucosa, but, more commonly, they present with an extension of an established paranasal infection. (medscape.com)
  • Sinuses are lined with a mucosa. (usk.ac.id)
  • 4 It is widely recognized that prompt and conservative surgical intervention is desirable to remove these foreign bodies from paranasal sinuses but also to treat a possible hyperplastic or infected sinus mucosa. (allenpress.com)
  • Sinonasal polyposis (SNP) is a term used to describe an inflammatory condition of the mucosa surface of the nasal mucosa and paranasal sinuses 1, 2. (bjorl.org)
Cavities located2
  • The maxillary sinuses are two pyramid-shaped cavities located right above the posterior (rear) teeth of the upper jaw. (baroudiperio.com)
  • The cavernous sinuses are irregularly shaped, trabeculated cavities located at the base of the skull. (medscape.com)
Nose13
  • Sinusitis, also known as rhinosinusitis, is inflammation of the mucous membranes that line the sinuses resulting in symptoms that may include thick nasal mucus, a plugged nose, and facial pain. (wikipedia.org)
  • Your nose and the sinuses connected to it are more intricate than you probably realize. (healthysinus.net)
  • It makes sense to assume that the term sinuses refers to only two sinus cavities, one for each side of your nose. (healthysinus.net)
  • Since the cavernous sinuses receive blood via this distribution, infections of the face including the nose, tonsils, and orbits can spread easily by this route. (medscape.com)
  • The choanae are the posterior apertures of the nose. (dartmouth.edu)
  • Inflammatory sicknesses of the nose and paranasal sinus are normally encountered in diagnostic histopathology. (alliedacademies.org)
  • The compressor of the nose is the transverse nasalis, whereas the dilators are the dilator naris anterior and posterior. (medscape.com)
  • The arterial supply to the nose may be principally divided into (1) branches from the internal carotid, namely the branches of the anterior and posterior ethmoid arteries from the ophthalmic artery, and (2) branches from the external carotid, namely the sphenopalatine, greater palatine, superior labial, and angular arteries. (medscape.com)
  • The sellar and dorsal regions of the nose are supplied by branches of the internal maxillary artery (namely, the infraorbital) and ophthalmic arteries (which are from the internal carotid system). (medscape.com)
  • Reports of outbreaks of mucormycosis of the nose and sinuses with subsequent invasion to the orbital and cerebral region among patients successfully treated for COVID-19 have been described in news media in India and in a few case reports ( 13 - 17 ). (cdc.gov)
  • Possible causes include excessively high refracting power of the crystalline lens or an overly long eyeball Myringitis Inflammation of the tympanic membrane Myringoplasty Closure of a perforation in the tympanic membrane using a fascia transplant Nasal Inwards, toward the nose Nasal bone Skull bone supporting the bone Nasal polyps Growths on the mucous membrane of the nose and paranasal sinuses. (mpdoctors.com)
  • This sinus can acquire infection from infected nose (viral rhinitis), carious upper premolar as well as molar teeth, especially molars, along with infected frontal and anterior ethmoidal sinuses. (earthslab.com)
  • 1 A recent literature review found only 22 cases of benign leiomyogenic tumours arising in the nose and paranasal sinuses. (bmj.com)
Sinusitis15
Arteries7
  • Greater and lesser palatine foramina (for palatine nerves and arteries) and posterior nasal spine Vomer 1. (slideshare.net)
  • This intimate juxtaposition of veins, arteries, nerves, meninges, and paranasal sinuses accounts for the characteristic etiology and presentation of cavernous sinus thrombosis (CST). (medscape.com)
  • Internally, the lateral nasal wall is supplied by the sphenopalatine artery posteroinferiorly and by the anterior and posterior ethmoid arteries superiorly. (medscape.com)
  • The nasal septum also derives its blood supply from the sphenopalatine and the anterior and posterior ethmoid arteries with the added contribution of the superior labial artery (anteriorly) and the greater palatine artery (posteriorly). (medscape.com)
  • The three arteries that supply Maxillary sinus are as follows. (anatomic.us)
  • These three arteries are branches of Maxillary Artery. (anatomic.us)
  • It is from maxillary and infraorbital arteries by the anterior, middle, and posterior superior alveolar arteries. (earthslab.com)
Frontal sinus1
  • The frontal sinus and some anterior ethmoidal cells open either into an extension (ethmoidal infundibulum) of the hiatus or directly into the anterior part (frontal recess) of the middle meatus. (dartmouth.edu)
Inflammation1
Ostium3
  • In an upper respiratory infection (URI), the swollen nasal mucous membrane obstructs the ostium of a paranasal sinus, and the oxygen in the sinus is absorbed into the blood vessels of the mucous membrane. (merckmanuals.com)
  • Extended ESS implies the elimination of polyps using a microdebrider, resection of the lower half of both the superior and middle turbinates, and maximal enlargement of each paranasal sinus ostium. (scirp.org)
  • The ostium of the Maxillary sinus is of 2.4 mm in diameter with a volume of 10ml located high up on the Medial Wall. (anatomic.us)
Bone21
  • 3 Cone beam imaging is indicated for implant therapy to assess alveolar bone volume and density, and also evaluate the proximity of the implant site to important anatomic structures, such as the maxillary sinuses, incisive canal, inferior alveolar canal and mental foramen. (decisionsindentistry.com)
  • These recesses extend centrifugally (i.e., inferomedially) into the hard palate, laterally into zygomatic bone, posteriorly into the ethmoid bone, and inferiorly up to the alveolar processes that lodge the maxillary teeth. (decisionsindentistry.com)
  • When the upper jaw lacks this necessary bone volume, sinus augmentation-also known as a sinus lift-provides a dependable remedy. (baroudiperio.com)
  • Sinus augmentation , frequently termed a sinus lift, is a surgical technique designed to boost the bone quantity in the upper jaw, specifically around the premolars and molars. (baroudiperio.com)
  • The process involves elevating the sinus membrane and introducing bone graft material into the resulting space. (baroudiperio.com)
  • When teeth are lost, especially the molars, the floor of the sinus might gravitate downward into the vacant space, reducing the bone height. (baroudiperio.com)
  • Sinus augmentation addresses this issue by enhancing bone tissue, facilitating successful implant installation and durability. (baroudiperio.com)
  • Patients suffering significant bone loss in the upper jaw, particularly at the mouth's rear, are ideal candidates for sinus augmentation. (baroudiperio.com)
  • The dental expert then makes a minor incision in the gum tissue, uncovers the bone, and creates a tiny window into the sinus cavity. (baroudiperio.com)
  • After the sinus access is secured, the sinus membrane is delicately lifted, and the bone graft material is inserted into the newly formed space. (baroudiperio.com)
  • What bump of bone occurs posterior to the ear? (freezingblue.com)
  • What opening occurs on the medial, posterior aspect of the temporal bone for blood vessels and nerves? (freezingblue.com)
  • 6 Cranial and facial Bones  Inferior nasal concha: surrounded anteriorly by maxillary bone  Lacrimal bone: visible between maxilla anteriorly and ethmoid posteriorly  Palatine bone 1. (slideshare.net)
  • Radiography revealed a diffuse radiopaque mass inside the left maxillary sinus, with radiolucent areas near the cortical bone of the maxillary sinus. (bvsalud.org)
  • Imaging findings suggested that the calcification filled the left maxillary antrum, without expansion or bone destruction. (bvsalud.org)
  • Sphenoid sinuses: Located in the sphenoid bone, near the optic nerve and pituitary gland on the side of the skull. (healthysinus.net)
  • Six ounces of weight is 2-3 times greater than the weight of bone required to fill the paranasal sinuses which makes this hypothesis unlikely. (springeropen.com)
  • The medial wall, or nasal septum, is formed (from anteiror to posterior) by (1) the septal cartilage (destroyed in a dried skull), (2) the perpendicular plate of the ethmoid bone, and (3) the vomer (fig. 52-2 B). It is usually deviated to one side. (dartmouth.edu)
  • Bone penetration was present in ≈90% of cases, 30% had soft-tissue swelling of the pterygopalatine fossa and 7% had cavernous sinus thrombosis, and 60% had multifocal mucormycosis. (cdc.gov)
  • 6 The failure rate of osseointegration of dental implants is more significant to the maxilla than the mandible because of the anatomy related to the surrounding structures (such as the maxillary sinus), bone quality Class IV (thin cortical bone with spongy or low density), rapid alveolar bone resorption after tooth extraction, maxillary sinus pneumatization, and so on. (allenpress.com)
  • Maxillary Sinus plays a key role by reducing the weight of the Cranium , performing functions of the Resonate Bone and controls the inhaled air temperatures. (anatomic.us)
Inferior8
  • What cavities lie within the maxillary bones inferior to the orbits? (freezingblue.com)
  • The cavernous sinuses receive venous blood from the facial veins (via the superior and inferior ophthalmic veins) as well as the sphenoid and middle cerebral veins. (medscape.com)
  • They, in turn, empty into the inferior petrosal sinuses, then into the internal jugular veins and the sigmoid sinuses via the superior petrosal sinuses. (medscape.com)
  • Most anterior ethmoidal cells open on an elevation (ethmoidal bulla, fig. 52-3 B). A curved slit (hiatus semilunaris) inferior to the bulla receives the opening of the maxillary sinus. (dartmouth.edu)
  • On panoramic radiographs, they are typically found superimposed over the mid-ramus or located just posterior and inferior to the mandible in the region of the dorsal surface of the tongue. (radiodontics.com)
  • Calcified lymph nodes are usually found at or near the inferior and posterior borders of the mandible and may be superimposed over the mandible itself. (radiodontics.com)
  • A computed tomography (CT) scan confirmed a lesion occupying the whole inferior nasal fossa, whereas it excluded local invasion of the maxillary sinus and rhinopharynx (fig 1A). (bmj.com)
  • A) Axial computed tomography scan of the nasal sinuses shows a polypoid lesion occupying the whole inferior nasal fossa. (bmj.com)
Sphenoid sinuses2
  • The paired maxillary sinuses, which are a part of the facial skeleton, form an integral anatomical component of the paranasal sinuses, along with the frontal, ethmoid and sphenoid sinuses, and are always imaged in CBCT scans. (decisionsindentistry.com)
  • Surrounding the nasal cavities are air-containing mucosal lined sinuses, which include the frontal sinuses (superior anterior), ethmoid sinuses (superior), paired maxillary sinuses (lateral), and sphenoid sinuses (posterior). (nih.gov)
Mucosal4
  • Air containing mucosal lined sinuses surround the nasal cavity, which includes the frontal, paired maxillary, sphenoid, and ethmoid sinuses. (nih.gov)
  • The lateral walls are spiral shaped mucosal folds that overlie the turbinates and sinus ducts draining into the ostia. (nih.gov)
  • The recent discovery of production of nitric oxide (NO) by the mucosal lining of the paranasal sinuses is likely to unravel the obscure function of these empty air-filled spaces. (springeropen.com)
  • A 43-year-old white man came to our private practice office with a chief complaint of a mucosal trauma on the left posterior maxillary region caused by the prosthetic rehabilitation of movable overstructure, placed and loaded on dental implants 8 years ago. (allenpress.com)
Anatomy2
Infection5
  • People with migraines do not typically have the thick nasal discharge that is a common symptom of a sinus infection. (wikipedia.org)
  • 1] Cavernous sinus thrombosis is usually a late complication of an infection of the central face or paranasal sinuses. (medscape.com)
  • When infection involves the palate, this finding may be only the initial indication of considerable antecedent destruction of the maxilla and maxillary sinus. (medscape.com)
  • 5 Extension of infection intracranially, aspergillosis connected with zinc endodontic obstruction materials, or malignant tumors are rare complications of sinus foreign bodies and pathologic conditions. (allenpress.com)
  • 9 Also, the displacement of an implant into the maxillary sinus can result in a foreign-body reaction or a sinus infection secondary to peri-implantitis, 10 or it can remain uneventful for a long period. (allenpress.com)
Sphenoidal sinuses1
  • A facial CT scan showed opacification of the maxillary, ethmoidal, and sphenoidal sinuses, consistent with a left paranasal sinus mass ( Figure ). (patientcareonline.com)
Teeth7
  • 8 In dentistry, the paired maxillary sinuses are evaluated with CBCT as part of implant imaging protocol, particularly when implants are planned in the region of missing maxillary posterior teeth. (decisionsindentistry.com)
  • Alveolar process: maxillary teeth sockets Palatine 1. (slideshare.net)
  • Other causes include bacteremia, trauma, and infections of the ear or maxillary teeth. (medscape.com)
  • 2 Most common foreign bodies associated with sinus perforation are displaced fractured roots, whole teeth, dental impression materials, dental burs, gutta-percha 3 and silver points, amalgam fillings, and dental implants. (allenpress.com)
  • The posterior wall of the Maxillary sinus transmits posterior superior alveolar nerves and vessels to the Molar Teeth . (anatomic.us)
  • Antroliths may also appear in periapical radiographs of the posterior maxillary teeth. (radiodontics.com)
  • Posterior invasion may include the palatine nerves causing acute transmitted pain towards the upper teeth. (earthslab.com)
Cavity16
Middle meatus3
  • The middle meatus, under cover of the middle concha, receives the openings of the maxillary and frontal sinuses. (dartmouth.edu)
  • Polyps originate from the middle concha, middle meatus and ethmoid sinus 4, 14. (bjorl.org)
  • Maxillary sinuses open nearby the roof of the sinus in the semilunar hiatus of middle meatus. (earthslab.com)
Alveolar3
Benign1
Endoscopic4
  • The use of prophylactic antibiotics in patients incurring skull base injuries during endoscopic sinus surgery has not been studied in a randomized controlled fashion. (medscape.com)
  • Otolaryngologists have been increasingly overwhelmed with management diseases afflicting the paranasal sinuses, and exploration of novel endoscopic approaches to target pathologies within and beyond the confines of these sinuses. (springeropen.com)
  • Orbital injury and complications are commonly encountered in endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS) despite advances in techniques and instrumentation. (scirp.org)
  • We herein describe the case of a 32-year-old male patient with recurrent epistaxis, nasal obstruction, and facial deformity due to a giant cavernous hemangioma successfully treated by endoscopic sinus surgery. (amjcaserep.com)
Drainage3
  • Decongestants, corticosteroid nasal sprays, and application of heat and humidity may help relieve symptoms and improve sinus drainage. (merckmanuals.com)
  • Drainage can be achieved surgically with sinus puncture and irrigation techniques. (medscape.com)
  • The position of Osita prevents the drainage of Maxillary sinus contents in the head when it is erect. (anatomic.us)
Nasal fossa3
  • It is important to bear in mind that other nasal fossa and paranasal sinuses tumors can be macroscopically similar to SNP, even though they are rarely bilateral. (bjorl.org)
  • In 1976, McClure referred that there were characteristic abnormalities suggestive of SNP at CT scan that could help the differential diagnosis of other diseases that affect the nasal fossa and paranasal sinuses. (bjorl.org)
  • Many studies referred to CT scan abnormalities found in inflammatory processes (acute or chronic) and tumors in nasal fossa and paranasal sinuses. (bjorl.org)
Medial1
Rhinosinusitis2
  • Although it has been recently demonstrated that the paranasal sinuses produce large amounts of nitric oxide (NO), otolaryngologists overwhelmed by attempting to unravel the enigmatic etiology underlying chronic rhinosinusitis have interpreted the high NO output in this context. (springeropen.com)
  • The retained discharge in the paranasal sinuses secondary to rhinosinusitis that follows the disease hinders SNP staging. (bjorl.org)
Lateral4
  • The dural sinuses are grouped into the sagittal, lateral (including the transverse, sigmoid, and petrosal sinuses), and cavernous sinuses. (medscape.com)
  • These sinuses are just lateral and superior to the sphenoid sinus and are immediately posterior to the optic chiasm, as depicted in the image below. (medscape.com)
  • The third, fourth, and sixth cranial nerves are attached to the lateral wall of the sinus. (medscape.com)
  • The opening of the maxillary sinus is located in the center of the semilunar hiatus which grooves the lateral wall of the middle nasal meatus, near the top part of the base. (earthslab.com)
Fossa2
  • Sphenoid sinus: hollow space filling body, immediately below hypophyseal fossa 2. (slideshare.net)
  • Mylohyoid line: extends posterior from fossa 5. (slideshare.net)
Symptoms4
  • Often, a localized headache or toothache is present, and these symptoms distinguish a sinus-related headache from other types of headaches, such as tension and migraine headaches. (wikipedia.org)
  • The early signs and symptoms of cavernous sinus thrombosis (CST) may not be specific. (medscape.com)
  • Symptoms include anterior or posterior rhinorrhea, nasal congestion, hyposmia and/or facial stress or pain that ultimate for greater than 12 weeks period. (alliedacademies.org)
  • The symptoms of it are Headache near Sinus, pharyngeal discharge, fever and weakness. (anatomic.us)
Pharyngeal1
  • The mass extended from the posterior nasal septum to the pharyngeal space on the right and the nasal turbine on the left (Figure 1 A and 1B). (biomedcentral.com)
Maxilla4
  • The following case report attempts to highlight the importance of identifying EMSP on diagnostic imaging (Figure 1), and the implications for implant therapy in the posterior maxilla. (decisionsindentistry.com)
  • Therefore, by the time oral lesions are present, considerable destruction of the maxilla and maxillary sinus may have occurred. (medscape.com)
  • Portions of the pterygoid plates and associated musculature are still attached to the posterior portion of the maxilla, so passive mobilization of the fracture can be difficult. (aofoundation.org)
  • Maxillary sinus is found in the Body of Maxilla and has three recesses which are as follows. (anatomic.us)
Ethmoidal cells1
  • The superior meatus, under cover of the superior concha, receives the openings of the posterior ethmoidal cells and (in a dried skull) the sphenopalatine foramen. (dartmouth.edu)
Orbit1
Left maxillary sinus1
  • There is significant pain and facial swelling over the left maxillary sinus but no anesthesia over the V2 distribution (maxillary branch of the trigeminal nerve). (patientcareonline.com)
Facial2
Nerves2
  • The confusion occurs in part because migraine involves activation of the trigeminal nerves, which innervate both the sinus region and the meninges surrounding the brain. (wikipedia.org)
  • The clinical presentation is usually due to the venous obstruction as well as impairment of the cranial nerves that are near the cavernous sinus. (medscape.com)
Anatomic1
  • Because of its complex neurovascular anatomic relationship, cavernous sinus thrombosis is the most important of any intracranial septic thrombosis. (medscape.com)
Polyps3
  • Nasal polyps are inflammatory lesions that venture into the nasal airway, are typically bilateral, and originate from the ethmoid sinus. (alliedacademies.org)
  • Beyond anterior rhinoscophy and nasal endoscopy, screening sinus computed tomography (SSCT) is necessary to measure the size and the extent of the polyps into nasal cavities and paranasal sinuses. (bjorl.org)
  • Nasal endoscopy, despite being an important diagnosis for small meatal polyps, does not provide information about presence and extension of the disease to the ethmoid sinuses or to other sinuses. (bjorl.org)
Cavernous8
  • Cavernous sinus thrombosis (CST) was initially described by Bright in 1831 as a complication of epidural and subdural infections. (medscape.com)
  • Cavernous sinus thrombosis is generally a fulminant process with high rates of morbidity and mortality. (medscape.com)
  • Fortunately, the incidence of cavernous sinus thrombosis has been decreased greatly with the advent of effective antimicrobial agents. (medscape.com)
  • The cavernous sinuses are the most centrally located of the dural sinuses and lie on either side of the sella turcica. (medscape.com)
  • Each cavernous sinus is formed between layers of the dura mater, and multiple connections exist between the 2 sinuses. (medscape.com)
  • The internal carotid artery with its surrounding sympathetic plexus passes through the cavernous sinus. (medscape.com)
  • Occurrence of cavernous sinus thrombosis (CST) has always been low, with only a few hundred case reports in the medical literature. (medscape.com)
  • The most common signs of CST are related to the anatomical structures affected within the cavernous sinus, as depicted in the image below. (medscape.com)
Acute or chronic1
  • One thousand seventy-three patients (1869 sides) from January 1, 2003 to December 31, 2012 undergoing ESS for sinonasal diseases such as acute or chronic rhinosinusis, and paranasal sinus mucoceles were enrolled in the present study. (scirp.org)
Tumors2
  • It's my pleasure to be with you today and to discuss with you some advanced cases of tumors within the paranasal sinuses. (brainlab.com)
  • A complete sinus CT scan with frontal and coronal planes is used if an alternative diagnosis (eg, tumors) must be excluded. (medscape.com)
Lesion1
  • Before surgery, the patient underwent angiographic evaluation, with evidence of main irrigation of the lesion by the right maxillary artery, which was then embolized. (amjcaserep.com)
Pneumatization3
Computed tomography1
  • Key words: respiratory diseases, sinonasal polyposis, paranasal computed tomography. (bjorl.org)
Choana1
  • At examination, a polypoid mass on the right posterior choana was revealed and subsequently removed. (bmj.com)
Carcinoma1
Apertures1
  • It communicates with the external environment via the anterior apertures, nares, and the nasopharynx via the posterior apertures, choanae. (nih.gov)
Hard palate2
Patient's1
  • This graft originates from the patient's body, often from the chin or posterior part of the lower jaw. (baroudiperio.com)