• Mass analysis of proteolytic peptides is a popular method of protein characterization, as cheaper instrument designs can be used for characterization. (wikipedia.org)
  • Its applications include the identification of proteins and their post-translational modifications, the elucidation of protein complexes, their subunits and functional interactions, as well as the global measurement of proteins in proteomics. (wikipedia.org)
  • Phycobiliproteins are subunits of the major accessory light-harvesting complexes (LHC) of most cyanobacteria and red alga and are present in the thylakoid lumen of cryptophytes as well. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The proteins exist as large oligomers that are formed from ALPHA-CRYSTALLIN A CHAIN and ALPHA-CRYSTALLIN B CHAIN subunits. (lookformedical.com)
  • In fundamental cell biological processes such as signal transduction, enzymatic activity or intracellular fusion during vesicular transport, a large number of proteins are recruited to and released from the cytoplasmic surface of intracellular membranes (Casey et al. (biologists.com)
  • cell lines, these transcripts are translated into immunodetectable cytoplasmic and nuclear protein. (justia.com)
  • Human biology is tightly linked to proteins, yet most measurements do not precisely determine alternatively spliced sequences or posttranslational modifications. (stanford.edu)
  • In recent years, due to the crucial role that protein post-translational modifications (PTMs) play in maintaining protein function and regulating signaling pathways, and the growing recognition of the extensive cross-talk that can occur between PTMs, simultaneous analysis of different types of PTMs represents a requirement of a new generation of enrichment materials. (bvsalud.org)
  • Mass spectrometry is an important method for the accurate mass determination and characterization of proteins, and a variety of methods and instrumentations have been developed for its many uses. (wikipedia.org)
  • These ionization techniques have played a significant role in the characterization of proteins. (wikipedia.org)
  • Consequently, protein mass spectrometry now plays a leading role in protein characterization. (wikipedia.org)
  • Further characterization of Trp-14 using chloroplast transformation in Chlamydomonas indicated that substitution of D1 Trp-14 to Phe, mimicking Trp oxidation enhanced FtsH-mediated D1 degradation under high light, although the substitution did not affect protein stability and PSII activity. (elifesciences.org)
  • Characterization and expression of enzymatically active recombinant filarial prolyl 4-hydroxylase. (embl.de)
  • It can also be used to localize proteins to the various organelles, and determine the interactions between different proteins as well as with membrane lipids. (wikipedia.org)
  • Allophycocyanin (AP, λ max = 650 nm) forms the core structure, connecting the phycobilisomes to the thylakoid membrane via linker proteins. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The GLUT2 facilitated glucose transporter isoform is a membrane protein present in the pancreatic .beta. (justia.com)
  • An interleukin-1 subtype that is synthesized as an inactive membrane-bound pro-protein. (lookformedical.com)
  • An 11-kDa protein associated with the outer membrane of many cells including lymphocytes. (lookformedical.com)
  • Because of this simplicity in fragmentation, it is possible to use the observed fragment masses to match with a database of predicted masses for one of many given peptide sequences. (wikipedia.org)
  • To maintain photosynthetic activity, the PSII reaction center protein D1, which is the primary target of unavoidable photo-oxidative damage, is efficiently degraded by FtsH protease. (elifesciences.org)
  • In photosynthetic organisms, maintenance of photosynthetic light reaction is manifested by so called Photosystem II (PSII) repair system, where the reaction center protein D1 is targeted to photo-oxidative damage and rapidly degraded by the processive protease FtsH. (elifesciences.org)
  • PSII core complex is formed by two reaction center proteins D1 (PsbA) and D2 (PsbD), along with intrinsic antenna CP43 (PsbC) and CP47 (PsbB). (elifesciences.org)
  • The results, compiled in the Blood Proteoform Atlas (BPA), indicate that proteoforms better describe protein-level biology and are more specific indicators of differentiation than their corresponding proteins, which are more broadly expressed across cell types. (stanford.edu)
  • Therefore, this complex regulatory network requires precise control of gene expression patterns at both transcriptional and post-transcriptional levels in order to ensure proper maturation, differentiation, and formation of blood and lymphatic vessels. (nature.com)
  • In vitro production of enzymatically active O. volvulus prolyl 4-hydroxylase should facilitate identification of specific inhibitors of the parasite enzyme. (embl.de)
  • Taken with the present results, this suggests that the potential use of inhibitors of prolyl 4-hydroxylase to control excessive collagen deposition in pathological fibrosis may be limited by the need to maintain continuous inhibition of collagen hydroxylation so as to facilitate intracellular degradation of the accumulated protein. (embl.de)
  • The derived amino acid sequence of Ov-phy-1 encoded a peptide that was most similar to the two Caenorhabditis elegans prolyl 4-hydroxylase homologues and to the isoform II enzymes of vertebrates. (embl.de)
  • The IB1cDNA encodes a 714 amino acid protein with a proline-rich region and a putative basic helix-loop-helix domain (bHLH). (justia.com)
  • We further identified changes in module eigenproteins indicative of dysregulation in protein translation and trafficking pathways. (stanford.edu)
  • Here, we show that an oxidative post-translational modification of Trp residue at the N-terminal tail of D1 is correlated with D1 degradation by FtsH during high-light stress. (elifesciences.org)
  • The work supports a role for chemical modification in the recognition and subsequent degradation of a key protein subunit of PSII by a bacterial-type protease, suggesting that tryptophan oxidation of components of the photosynthetic apparatus after high light stress plays a critical role in initiating the PSII repair system. (elifesciences.org)
  • Additionally, sample preparation is easier once whole proteins have been digested into smaller peptide fragments. (wikipedia.org)
  • PCC 6803 slr 1649-encoded protein also acts as a bilin lyase, and additionally contributes to linker attachment and/or stability of phycobilisomes. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Using a fluorescent sulfhydryl probe as well as a sulfhydryl inhibitor, one observes a strong cell density response, supporting the hypothesis that cellular redox potential could alter protein stability. (embl.de)
  • Alpha-crystallins also act as molecular chaperones that bind to denatured proteins, keep them in solution and thereby maintain the translucency of the lens. (lookformedical.com)
  • Emma Lundberg's group has a wealth of experience in using microscopy to yield biological images that paint a picture of this cell-to-cell heterogeneity of protein expression information, and joining her lab has deepened my expertise in integrating datasets to perform innovative analyses of single-cell protein expression. (stanford.edu)
  • Deep RNA-DNA, RNA-protein interaction studies, and phenotype rescue analyses reveal that LETR1 is a nuclear trans-acting lncRNA modulating, via key epigenetic factors, the expression of essential target genes, including KLF4 and SEMA3C , governing the growth and migratory ability of LECs. (nature.com)
  • We demonstrate MetaNetwork's utility by employing it to identify groups of proteins associated with prostate cancer from a proteomic analysis of tumor and adjacent normal tissue samples. (stanford.edu)
  • Here, we identify nonrandom distribution of a pathogenic mtDNA variant across a complex tissue using single-cell RNA-Seq, mitochondrial single-cell ATAC sequencing, and multimodal single-cell sequencing. (jci.org)
  • Protein mass spectrometry refers to the application of mass spectrometry to the study of proteins. (wikipedia.org)
  • The two primary methods used for the ionization of protein in mass spectrometry are electrospray ionization (ESI) and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI). (wikipedia.org)
  • The application of mass spectrometry to study proteins became popularized in the 1980s after the development of MALDI and ESI. (wikipedia.org)
  • In 1987, Koichi Tanaka used the "ultra fine metal plus liquid matrix method" and ionized biomolecules the size of 34,472 Da protein carboxypeptidase-A. In 1968, Malcolm Dole reported the first use of electrospray ionization with mass spectrometry. (wikipedia.org)
  • These ionization methods have greatly facilitated the study of proteins by mass spectrometry. (wikipedia.org)
  • Mass spectrometry of proteins requires that the proteins in solution or solid state be turned into an ionized form in the gas phase before they are injected and accelerated in an electric or magnetic field for analysis. (wikipedia.org)
  • Electrospray produces more multiply-charged ions than MALDI, allowing for measurement of high mass protein and better fragmentation for identification, while MALDI is fast and less likely to be affected by contaminants, buffers and additives. (wikipedia.org)
  • Whole-protein mass analysis is primarily conducted using either time-of-flight (TOF) MS, or Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance (FT-ICR). (wikipedia.org)
  • The most widely used instrument for peptide mass analysis are the MALDI-TOF instruments as they permit the acquisition of peptide mass fingerprints (PMFs) at high pace (1 PMF can be analyzed in approx. (wikipedia.org)
  • Tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) is used to measure fragmentation spectra and identify proteins at high speed and accuracy. (wikipedia.org)
  • Mass spectrometry (MS)-based glycoproteomics research requires additional sample pretreatment to improve the effective identification of low-abundance glycopeptides without interference from non-glycoproteins. (bvsalud.org)
  • The conformational dynamics of several glycoproteins have been characterized by hydrogen/deuterium exchange mass spectrometry (HDX-MS). However, it is, in most cases, not possible to extract information about glycan conformation and dynamics due to the general difficulty of separating the deuterium content of the glycan from that of the peptide (in particular, for O-linked glycans). (bvsalud.org)
  • We found a decrease in cytoskeleton-related protein expression, a known hallmark of prostate tumors. (stanford.edu)
  • A heterogeneous family of water-soluble structural proteins found in cells of the vertebrate lens. (lookformedical.com)
  • Weighted gene correlation network analysis (WGCNA) can identify groups of biologically related proteins using only protein intensity values by constructing protein correlation networks. (stanford.edu)
  • Co-expression of Ov-phy-1 with the O. volvulus homologue of protein disulfide isomerase in a baculovirus system resulted in the production of enzymatically active O. volvulus prolyl 4-hydroxylase. (embl.de)
  • Collision-induced dissociation is used in mainstream applications to generate a set of fragments from a specific peptide ion. (wikipedia.org)
  • In electrospray, the ions are created from proteins in solution, and it allows fragile molecules to be ionized intact, sometimes preserving non-covalent interactions. (wikipedia.org)
  • HOF is set to become an active research direction in the development of highly efficient simultaneous protein enrichment materials, and offers a new approach for comprehensive PTMs analysis. (bvsalud.org)
  • A 5 mL sample of blood was taken from all patients for serum zinc analysis. (europa.eu)
  • In general, the proteins are analyzed either in a "top-down" approach in which proteins are analyzed intact, or a "bottom-up" approach in which protein are first digested into fragments. (wikipedia.org)
  • An intermediate "middle-down" approach in which larger peptide fragments are analyzed may also sometimes be used. (wikipedia.org)
  • In addition, the developed method based on Fe3O4@RF@Zr-BCP has been successfully applied to capture glycopeptides in tryptic digest of mouse teratoma cell extracts. (bvsalud.org)
  • This control is propagated through the alpha-subunit of prolyl 4-hydroxylase where protein levels were previously shown to rise fivefold with increasing cell density. (embl.de)
  • Recently Zhao and co-workers discovered that a CpeS-like protein functions as a phycocyanobilin-cysteine-beta84 lyase in Anabaena sp. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The fragmentation process primarily gives rise to cleavage products that break along peptide bonds. (wikipedia.org)
  • Electrospray ionization of a protein often results in generation of multiple charged species of 800 (wikipedia.org)
  • These results demonstrate the value of using MetaNetwork to improve the biological interpretation of quantitative proteomics experiments with 15 or more samples. (stanford.edu)