• Similarly, if we go upward to the further branches, genetics have one major portion that deals with population and all the genetic variations that occur with passing time and this portion is named as population genetics. (assignmenthelp.net)
  • Population genetics is one of the important topics in genetics that provides deep insight on the changes in overall population due to genetic factors. (assignmenthelp.net)
  • Population Genetics and Ecology, 527. (ncsu.edu)
  • Recombinant inbred strains are now widely used in systems genetics and to study gene-environment interactions. (wikipedia.org)
  • Population genetics is a field of biology that studies the genetic composition of biological populations, and the changes in genetic composition that result from the operation of various factors, including natural selection. (stanford.edu)
  • Population genetics is intimately bound up with the study of evolution and natural selection, and is often regarded as the theoretical cornerstone of evolutionary biology. (stanford.edu)
  • Population genetics came into being in the 1920s and 1930s, thanks to the work of R.A. Fisher, J.B.S. Haldane and Sewall Wright. (stanford.edu)
  • this played a key part in the formation of the 'neo-Darwinian synthesis', and explains why population genetics came to occupy so pivotal a role in evolutionary theory. (stanford.edu)
  • Population genetics is an important branch of science, but why should philosophers care about it? (stanford.edu)
  • To properly understand evolution requires a grasp of basic population genetics, which provides one motivation for philosophers to learn about this field. (stanford.edu)
  • Secondly, population genetics is a possible "testing ground" for ideas developed in general philosophy of science about idealization, explanation, the role of abstract models, and the interplay between theory and data. (stanford.edu)
  • Thirdly, population genetics features prominently in many debates in philosophy of biology over issues including the nature of evolutionary causation, the logic of selective explanation, the role of chance in evolution, and the relation between population-level and individual-level processes. (stanford.edu)
  • Finally, population genetics is indirectly relevant to certain other philosophical debates, such as the debate over the reality of biological race, for example. (stanford.edu)
  • Section 1 briefly outlines the origins of population genetics, focusing on major themes and controversies. (stanford.edu)
  • Section 3 outlines some elementary models in population genetics and their consequences. (stanford.edu)
  • Section 5 discusses the status of population genetics in biology. (stanford.edu)
  • Section 6 examines some of the philosophical issues raised by population genetics. (stanford.edu)
  • To understand how population genetics came into being, and to appreciate its intellectual significance, a brief excursion into the history of biology is necessary. (stanford.edu)
  • Evolutionary toxicology is the study of the effects of contaminants on the genetics of natural populations and is rapidly becoming an essential component of ecotoxicology. (nih.gov)
  • As we fight to save reduced populations of endangered creatures, the researchers suggest care in preventing these shrunken, inbred gene pools from contaminating close evolutionary cousins with their stagnant genetics. (howstuffworks.com)
  • The parasite population shows unusual genetics consistent with a lack of meiosis: a high level of heterozygous sites shared across all isolates and no decrease in linkage with genomic distance between variants. (cdc.gov)
  • This demonstration of vertical transmission has profound implications for the population genetics of Leishmania parasites. (cdc.gov)
  • Nothing is known about the transmission genetics of vertically transmitted Leishmania populations ( 8 , 20 , 21 ) or how the absence of vector stages affects the establishment or pathogenicity of mammalian infections. (cdc.gov)
  • I enjoy thinking about how threatened and endangered populations have changed over time, and I use genetics to answer questions about why populations are the way that they are, and how we can protect them for future generations. (frontiersin.org)
  • Systems genetics and systems biology analysis of paraquat neurotoxicity in BXD recombinant inbred mice. (cdc.gov)
  • A recombinant inbred strain or recombinant inbred line (RIL) is an organism with chromosomes that incorporate an essentially permanent set of recombination events between chromosomes inherited from two or more inbred strains. (wikipedia.org)
  • To address this issue, we tested the effects of paraquat in a genetic reference population of mice (the BXD recombinant inbred strain family). (cdc.gov)
  • Inbreeding can be estimated with the help of coefficient of inbreeding given by Sewall Wright and is also designated as F. Here, if F=1 it can be said that alleles in every individual comes from their ancestor and if F=0, then no common allele is present in between two or more individuals. (assignmenthelp.net)
  • For inbreeding at a single locus, the total variance σ2 = F(1 − F) (F is the inbreeding coefficient) is comprised of a component σw2 within populations and a component σb2 between replicate populations. (ncsu.edu)
  • The three digenic measures, inbreeding coefficient and parental and recombinant descent coefficients, are considered in detail. (ncsu.edu)
  • As the inbreeding coefficient is the same as the recombinant descent coefficient in the case of complete linkage, avoidance or promotion of early inbreeding has similar effects on the two coefficients. (ncsu.edu)
  • The aim of this study was to estimate the inbreeding coefficient in the Zwartbles sheep population in the Czech Republic, as well as to investigate the effect of inbreeding on meat yield indicators. (copernicus.org)
  • The value of the inbreeding coefficient had a statistically significant effect on weight at 100 d, MLD thickness, and back fat thickness. (copernicus.org)
  • A negative relationship between inbreeding and all of these parameters was found when the inbreeding coefficient was increased by 1 %, resulting in a 60.2 g weight reduction at 100 d, 0.06 mm reduction in MLD thickness, and 0.013 mm reduction in back fat thickness. (copernicus.org)
  • The value of the inbreeding coefficient is another important factor influencing sheep meat productivity. (copernicus.org)
  • 2019). Inbreeding has also been shown to have a negative effect on milk yield in goats, with a 1 % increase in the inbreeding coefficient resulting in a 2.31 kg decrease in milk yield per lactation (Paiva et al. (copernicus.org)
  • Molecular markers assist in the development of diverse inbred backcross lines in European long cucumber (Cucumis sativus L. (usda.gov)
  • Recombinant inbred strains or lines were first developed using inbred strains of mice but are now used to study a wide range of organisms - Saccharomyces cerevisiae (yeast), Zea mays (maize), barley, Drosophila melanogaster, C. elegans and rat. (wikipedia.org)
  • Inbred mice show significant variation in multiple traits including iron metabolism. (nih.gov)
  • Population structure and inbreeding in wild house mice (Mus musculus) at different geographic scales. (nih.gov)
  • Animal models, particularly inbred mice, have provided important insight to understand human disease etiologies because genetic background and environmental exposures can be controlled. (nih.gov)
  • Beside this, there is one more term that describes inbreeding in terms of the fitness called inbreeding depression. (assignmenthelp.net)
  • Hence, inbreeding depression means as the homozygosity increases it results in the loss of fitness in the population. (assignmenthelp.net)
  • An initial NLME PK population model was used to design an adjusted alfaxalone infusion for SD females matching plasma concentrations in males and minimising cardiopulmonary depression but maintaining an appropriate hypnotic effect. (authorea.com)
  • The increase in allele frequency for outbred immigrants was attributed to an initial outbred vigour fitness advantage of immigrant males over resident males experiencing inbreeding depression. (edu.au)
  • pairs of the F2 progeny are then mated to establish inbred strains through long-term inbreeding. (wikipedia.org)
  • Families of recombinant inbred strains numbering from 25 to 5000 are often used to map the locations of DNA sequence differences (quantitative trait loci) that contributed to differences in phenotype in model organisms. (wikipedia.org)
  • The origins and history of recombinant inbred strains are described by Crow. (wikipedia.org)
  • While the potential utility of recombinant inbred strains in mapping analysis of complex polygenic traits was obvious from the outset, the small number of strains only made it feasible to map quantitative traits with very large effects (quasi-Mendelian loci). (wikipedia.org)
  • One of the initial motivations to use recombinant inbred strains is that expensive genotype data can be accumulated and reused - greatly simplifying mapping studies. (wikipedia.org)
  • As genotyping became progressively less expensive and more accurate the main advantage of using recombinant inbred strains and other genetic reference panels shifted to the ability to assemble massive and coherent databases on phenotypes (e.g., the GeneNetwork web service), and to use these coherent open-source data sets for large-scale collaborative research projects in predictive medicine and plant and animal research. (wikipedia.org)
  • It is possible to accumulate extensive genetic and phenotype data for each member of a family of recombinant inbred strains under several different conditions (e.g., baseline environment versus stressful environment). (wikipedia.org)
  • Chromosomes of recombinant inbred strains typically consist of alternating haplotypes of highly variable length that are inherited intact from the parental strains. (wikipedia.org)
  • All else being equal, the larger the family of recombinant inbred strains, the greater the power and resolution with which phenotypes can be mapped to chromosomal locations. (wikipedia.org)
  • Somewhat larger families of recombinant inbred strains were generated concurrently by Benjamin Taylor to map Mendelian and other major effect loci. (wikipedia.org)
  • In the 1990s the utility of recombinant inbred strains for mapping was significantly improved thanks to higher density genotypes made possible by the use of microsatellite markers. (wikipedia.org)
  • In collaboration with Dr. Gary Churchill (Jackson Laboratory) we set out to use the 109 million mouse genotypes recently released by NIEHS to examine the ancestral subspecific origin of classical inbred strains (Yang et al. (unc.edu)
  • Yes, inbreeding increase the proportion of homozygotes in the population and lowers the chances of heterozygosity. (assignmenthelp.net)
  • Since, heterozygosity is inversely related to inbreeding so the mathematical formula that helps to calculate inbreeding is: He-Ho/He. (assignmenthelp.net)
  • We found no significant difference between the populations in their genetic diversity (i.e., heterozygosity, level of inbreeding), nor any evidence that the family and kenneled populations originated from different genetic pools. (frontiersin.org)
  • The principal difference is that Nei & Chesser define quantities with respect to fixed extant populations, while Cockerham allows for evolutionary variation between populations. (ncsu.edu)
  • By devising models of gene frequency change, population geneticists are thus able to shed light on the genetic basis of evolutionary change, and to permit the consequences of different evolutionary hypotheses to be explored in a quantitatively precise way. (stanford.edu)
  • This study provides an integrated method for assessing the cumulative population impacts of chronic contaminant exposure by studying both population genetic and evolutionary effects. (nih.gov)
  • [ 1 ] Evolutionary medicine is relevant for personalized medicine since it can foster understanding into the relationship between disease and human populations. (medscape.com)
  • In this Thesis the three British species of Section Euglyceria have been studied in order to assess the occurrence of micro-evolutionary differentiation, both at the species level and within the species population. (bl.uk)
  • Biometrical comparison of local population samples showed that these were highly significantly different genetically, and analysis of the breeding systems and population structure of these species gave information about the possible ways in which micro-evolutionary differentiation had occurred. (bl.uk)
  • In each species sub-population differentiation has taken place, but only the variable outbreeder G. fluitans appears to have the capacity for progressive evolutionary change. (bl.uk)
  • Thus, it is puzzling that some populations (or species) have substantial difficulties with successful reproduction, shown as high rates of infertility or embryo mortality. (uchicago.edu)
  • However, accurate assessment of threat in accordance with the IUCN Red List criteria (A, B and C) requires data on effective population size, area of habitat occupied and rate of decline, none of which is available for this species. (researchgate.net)
  • Playback of vocalizations regularly fails to elicit a response and the species rarely sings after dawn , therefore vocalizations do not provide a useful tool for assessing population size (cf. (researchgate.net)
  • However, the data presented above suggest that a global population estimate of 20,000 mature individuals is more reasonable, in which case, as with the Subdesert Mesite, the species only qualifies for Threatened status if we predict a rapid population decline. (researchgate.net)
  • Their goal must be to retain, within their captive population, as many as possible of the genes that exist within each species. (newscientist.com)
  • What's more, the plight of the dwindling, inbred Neanderthal may have a lot to teach us about endangered species on modern Earth. (howstuffworks.com)
  • A biosystematics approach was adopted, and the taxonomy, cytology, breeding systems and population structure of the species were investigated. (bl.uk)
  • Ecologically each species occurs as a large number of small local populations in paludal places. (bl.uk)
  • Only one chromosome number was found in each of these three species, and the local populations are therefore not chromosomal races. (bl.uk)
  • The data from these sampling projects are an important part of monitoring native and endangered species and informing actions to improve their populations. (frontiersin.org)
  • The United States has laws in place (mainly, the Endangered Species Act) to make sure that threatened and endangered species are protected and that there is a plan with specific actions to help the populations improve. (frontiersin.org)
  • LINKAGE DISEQUILIBRIA IN FINITE POPULATIONS. (ncsu.edu)
  • The variances of actual inbreeding and coancestry in terms of their corresponding identities by descent were studied for finite populations. (ncsu.edu)
  • For finite populations with variation in pedigree F's, there are contributions σwF2 within and σbF2 between populations. (ncsu.edu)
  • DIGENIC DESCENT MEASURES FOR FINITE POPULATIONS. (ncsu.edu)
  • Section 4 discusses random drift (the chance fluctuations in gene frequency that arise in finite populations), and coalescence (the joining up of gene lineages as we trace them back in time). (stanford.edu)
  • Since inbreeding generally give rise to homozygosity, so chances of having recessive deleterious allele in an individual increases. (assignmenthelp.net)
  • The Saimaa ringed seal is endangered, with the population of only some 430-440 individuals (2022). (sll.fi)
  • 2022. Cocaine-induced locomotor activation differs across inbred mouse substrains. (nih.gov)
  • Therefore if these assumptions are to describe in one sentence, allele frequency will remain same and no change will be noticed if there will be no migration, mutation, selection in large population. (assignmenthelp.net)
  • Along with this, random mating also will help population remain stable without any change in the allele frequency. (assignmenthelp.net)
  • Firstly, when natural selection combines with inbreeding then deleterious allele gets eliminated and hence evolution takes place. (assignmenthelp.net)
  • There was no significant change in allele frequency for populations receiving inbred immigrants. (edu.au)
  • Thirdly, a constraint of the rate of inbreeding on a per year basis was compared with a constraint on a per generation basis. (ed.ac.uk)
  • Two mutation models, LH by Lynch and Hill and CT by Cockerham and Tachida, utilized for a neutral quantitative character caused by genes with additive effects undergoing mutation and drift, were compared for the genetic variances within, sigma w2, and between sigma b2, replicate small populations initiated from an almost fixed founder population. (ncsu.edu)
  • Results from both types of founder populations provide information on the average mutation rate. (ncsu.edu)
  • 1995). Nevertheless, the contribution of the apparently numerous BRCA1 mutation(s) to the overall risk for breast and ovarian cancer in various populations is unclear. (cdc.gov)
  • Unfortunately for us, however, the Neanderthal genome was already crippled by inbreeding and mutation. (howstuffworks.com)
  • 2017 ). Given that selection constantly removes genetic variants that lead to poor performance, one might suspect that reproductive failure typically results from inbreeding (Briskie and Mackintosh 2004 ), because selection against recessive deleterious mutations is inefficient, or from environmental factors (Jurewicz et al. (uchicago.edu)
  • The reproductive success of the wolf population has steadily increased over the last five years," Hoy said. (woodtv.com)
  • If the same factors were behind the anomalies in mammoths, this reproductive stress could have further pushed declining mammoth populations towards ultimate extinction. (eurekalert.org)
  • These concepts are utilized to derive the transitional behavior of the gene combinations frequencies and the linkage disequilibria in a finite monoecious population with random union of gametes for up to four loci. (ncsu.edu)
  • Material and Methods We analyzed previously published complete mtDNA genome sequences and ~900 kb of NRY sequences from 23 populations from Namibia, Botswana and Zambia, as well as haplogroup frequencies from a large sample of southern African populations and 23 newly genotyped Y-linked STR loci for samples assigned to haplogroup E1b1b. (biorxiv.org)
  • Population geneticists develop abstract mathematical models of gene frequency dynamics, extract predictions about the likely patterns of genetic variation in actual populations, and test the predictions against empirical data. (stanford.edu)
  • In addition to the diversity in languages and subsistence strategies, there is broadly-defined phenotypic variation that occurs among Khoisan populations. (biorxiv.org)
  • The CT model also accommodates small replicate populations initiated from a very large equilibrium founder population. (ncsu.edu)
  • Characteristics in inbred mouse populations plateaued by directional selection. (jax.org)
  • The component σbF2 is insignificant except for very small populations, and σwF2 is largest in the early generations and then decreases roughly as (1 − F)2KNe where K is formulated in terms of the mating strategy and the degree of avoidance of mating relatives. (ncsu.edu)
  • Methods that maximize genetic response in populations with overlapping generations while controlling rate of inbreeding by constraining the average relationship among selection candidates were compared. (ed.ac.uk)
  • Briefly, in population-based epidemiologic studies, researchers assess the prevalence of disease susceptibility genotypes in a particular population. (cdc.gov)
  • Researchers says the increase in populations is a promising development in reestablishing the island's wolf population after no litters were observed between 2015 and 2018. (woodtv.com)
  • Using population and family-based studies, genetic epidemiologists assess the impact of genes in the population on the occurrence of human diseases. (cdc.gov)
  • Bad Neanderthal genes, once introduced into the larger human population, would have largely vanished due to natural selective rigors. (howstuffworks.com)
  • Research teams are now using the equipment for studies of recessive genes in Palestinian and Israeli-Arab populations. (nih.gov)
  • Finally, we will assess candidate genes for a role in human iron metabolism through population based studies. (nih.gov)
  • Tools including in silico haplotyping, collaborative cross and diversity outcross mouse panels, bioinformatic applications, and -omics technologies have enhanced our ability to identify disease genes and pathways to guide translational investigations that apply these discoveries to human populations. (nih.gov)
  • We have integrated inbred mouse and cell-based models with haplotype association mapping (genetic), global gene expression analyses (genomic), and expression quantitative trait locus mapping (eQTL or genetical genomics) to identify candidate susceptibility genes and associated gene networks. (nih.gov)
  • The genetic drift rapidly works in a small and isolated population and not works in a large population. (slideshare.net)
  • Hence, genetic drift means small and isolated population and vice-versa. (slideshare.net)
  • Again, genetic drift means small and isolated but those populations have to mate with their close relative and produced homozygous organisms. (slideshare.net)
  • Comparison of genetic material inherited separately from the girl's mother and father points to a population with very low genetic diversity, probably a consequence of the Denisovans starting off as a small group of pioneers and expanding rapidly. (dawn.com)
  • The small inbreeding populations are reproductively isolated by their breeding system. (bl.uk)
  • Prior to the translocation of wolves to Isle Royale in 2018, the wolf population most commonly consisted of three stable packs and a small number of lone wolves," Vucetich explained. (woodtv.com)
  • Potential factors could include inbreeding (in what is assumed to have been an already small population) as well as harsh conditions such as disease, famine, or cold, all of which can lead to disturbances of embryonic and fetal development. (eurekalert.org)
  • As such, when populations become small, the rate of in-breeding increases and this raises the likelihood that these genetic conditions will become evident. (newscientist.com)
  • Environmental contaminants can lead to a reduction in genetic diversity resulting from strong selection for chemical tolerance or population declines. (nih.gov)
  • Genetic epidemiology is a relatively new discipline that seeks to elucidate the role of genetic factors and their interaction with environmental factors in the occurrence of disease in populations (Khoury et al. (cdc.gov)
  • Environmental changes pose problems for inbred animals ( University of Edinburgh/Phys.Org ). (mongabay.com)
  • In modern animals, these cervical ribs are often associated with inbreeding and adverse environmental conditions during pregnancy. (eurekalert.org)
  • Formulations for monoecy for the CT model are shown to be satisfactory for separate sexes with the substitution of the appropriate effective population size. (ncsu.edu)
  • Although population surveys are generally the most accurate means of estimating population size, in situations where no surveys were performed before contaminant exposures, as in Sumgayit, Azerbaijan, population genetic techniques are quite useful for investigating possible changes in effective population size ( N e ). (nih.gov)
  • Genetic dissection of cassava brown streak disease in a genomic selection population. (usda.gov)
  • There is a significant increase in inbreeding - from zero values to more than 4 % between 1997 and 2021. (copernicus.org)
  • In some cases, inbreeding can help to increase the overall fitness of the population by increasing the number of individuals with desirable traits. (howstuffworks.com)
  • A large part of inbred Muslims are born from parents who are themselves inbred - which increase the risks of negative mental and physical consequenses greatly. (rightsidenews.com)
  • Inbreeding can help to preserve desirable traits in a population of animals or plants. (howstuffworks.com)
  • A recent global review reported that barriers "curtail animals' mobility, fragment populations and cause direct mortality. (hcn.org)
  • In the outbreeder, gene exchange is limited due to micro-geographical isolation and the occurrence of genetic barriers to crossing between populations. (bl.uk)
  • In the current study, using a test battery exposing the dogs to novel stimuli, we compared the behavior of three groups of beagles: (1) kenneled dogs living in a restricted environment with limited human contact ( N = 78), (2) family dogs living in human families as pets ( N = 37), and (3) adopted dogs born in the kenneled population but raised in human families ( N = 13). (frontiersin.org)
  • To assess if the behavioral difference between the family and kenneled dogs could be due to genetic divergence of these two populations and/or to lower genetic diversity of the kenneled dogs, we analyzed their genetic structure using 11 microsatellite markers. (frontiersin.org)
  • Conclusion and implications NLME PK models offer the advantage of having a single model that describes a population and therefore shares data interpretation between animals unlike the standard deterministic PK approach. (authorea.com)
  • It yielded significantly lower annual genetic gain (0.194 v. 0.223 sigma(p) units), fewer animals selected (21.9 v. 26.4) and longer generation intervals (2.38 v. 1.68 years) but maintained the rate of inbreeding closer to its constraint. (ed.ac.uk)
  • The analysis used data on the entire population since 1997, with the original database containing 13 150 animals. (copernicus.org)
  • The effect of inbreeding on the weight of the animals at 100 d of age, the weight at bonitation prior to breeding, the thickness of the musculus longissimus dorsi (MLD), the thickness of the subcutaneous back fat, and the fleshiness of the animals were all evaluated. (copernicus.org)
  • Conservation breeders' do not feel fully confident unless their breeding population contains at least scores, and generally hundreds, of animals. (newscientist.com)
  • Selecting for such animals could strongly improve the welfare of kenneled dog populations. (frontiersin.org)
  • 23,000 eggs) based on up to 14 years of breeding of four captive zebra finch populations. (uchicago.edu)
  • If the latter is true, then the baby is making little contribution to the overall survival of the captive population. (newscientist.com)
  • Compartmental non-linear mixed effects methods (NLME) models were applied to two rat populations to determine whether body weight, sex and strain influenced PK parameters Key Results There were significant differences between the sexes for plasma clearance, half-life and mean residence time in Lewis rats and mean arterial blood pressure was significantly lower in the female rats at 120 minutes. (authorea.com)
  • The onset of various social profiles like visual fixation, social smile, sound seizures, oral expression and hand-grasping are significantly delayed among the new-born inbred babies. (rightsidenews.com)
  • Estimable components of linkage disequilibrium and other measures of association within and among populations are elaborated. (ncsu.edu)
  • Secondly, in case of plants good varieties of plants can be generated in numerous numbers through the process of inbreeding that is any desirable trait can be produced through inbreeding and this is also called hybrid vigour. (assignmenthelp.net)
  • This provides information on the additive variance in the large equilibrium population. (ncsu.edu)
  • In a large population at equilibrium with respect to mixed self and random mating, σwF2 accounts for onehalf to two-thirds of σw2. (ncsu.edu)
  • I work as part of a large team of scientists that monitors the health of the San Francisco Estuary by looking at changes in fish populations and water quality. (frontiersin.org)
  • They challenged the conventional wisdom that sex determination in mammals is random, with parents investing equally in their offspring to generate a 50-50 sex ratio in the population. (sciencedaily.com)
  • Along with this, in case of human, abortion, early death of newborn, etc can also be noticed due to inbreeding. (assignmenthelp.net)
  • Zoonotic visceral leishmaniasis (ZVL) occurs in countries to which the disease is endemic and enzootic in human and animal populations. (cdc.gov)
  • ISLE ROYALE, Mich. ( WJMN ) - Michigan Technological University's annual Isle Royale Winter Study found the island's wolf population stable, while the moose population is experiencing a dramatic decline. (woodtv.com)
  • Objectives We investigated the genetic history of southern African populations with a special focus on their paternal history. (biorxiv.org)
  • Using transect data, we made a tentative estimate of 5.7 mature adults km−2, from which we estimated a global population of 21,092 individuals, based on our calculation from satellite imagery that 3,706 km2 of suitable habitat remained. (researchgate.net)
  • reflects a long history of population movements and interactions. (biorxiv.org)
  • Genetic background has an important role in susceptibility to complex lung diseases such as asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), and the genetic contribution to disease phenotypes varies between populations. (nih.gov)
  • The results suggest that inbreeding may have a considerable impact on the contribution of immigrants to the genetic diversity of populations. (edu.au)
  • The use of population genetic data to investigate effects of chronic contaminant exposure has proven effective in studies representing a diversity of organisms and ecological settings. (nih.gov)
  • Three specific population genetic effects were of interest in this study, the first being genetic diversity. (nih.gov)
  • A number of the more robust generalizations to emerge from population-genetic analysis are discussed below. (stanford.edu)
  • Section 2 explains the Hardy-Weinberg principle, the starting point of much population-genetic analysis. (stanford.edu)
  • We used molecular methods and population genetic analyses to study the effects of chronic contaminant exposure in marsh frogs from Sumgayit, Azerbaijan. (nih.gov)
  • For example, the frequency of different BRCA1 mutations associated with breast cancer risk is being evaluated in various populations and ethnic groups. (cdc.gov)
  • 5. HABP2 Gene Mutations Do Not Cause Familial or Sporadic Non-Medullary Thyroid Cancer in a Highly Inbred Middle Eastern Population. (nih.gov)
  • 2020). In Denmark, the effect of inbreeding on meat yield was analyzed in three main meat sheep breeds (Norberg and Sorensen, 2007). (copernicus.org)
  • The mentioned works describe the negative influence of inbreeding on the main parameters of sheep meat yield, particularly on the development of the longissimus dorsi muscle, the thickness of back fat, birth weight, and average daily gain in lambs. (copernicus.org)
  • Intermarriage is prevalent among many Arab populations, which results in a high rate of inherited diseases. (nih.gov)
  • Here we present the first empirical estimates of its population size using five complementary methods, three incorporating data on territory size and two using data gathered during call-playback surveys conducted throughout its entire global range. (researchgate.net)
  • Our work now shows that there was indeed a problem in this population", said Jelle Reumer, one of the authors on the study published today in the open access journal PeerJ . (eurekalert.org)
  • 6. Familial Aggregation and Heritability of Nonmedullary Thyroid Cancer in an Asian Population: A Nationwide Cohort Study. (nih.gov)