Populations genera beneficial insects insect control. Medical search. Frequent questions

Insects such as ladybugs or predatory wasps act as natural enemies against pests and as effective plant protectors. (boell.org)
In agriculture, beneficial insects are the natural enemies of pests. (boell.org)
Ladybugs are probably the most well-known beneficial insects used against insect pests. (boell.org)
Scientists estimate that the annual value of natural enemies of insect pests contribute to crop protection in the United States to the tune of 4,5 billion US dollars. (boell.org)
Earwigs are considered temporary pests in landscapes and gardens even though they sometimes occur in high populations. (tamu.edu)
In this context, botanical plants could offer a better alternative to synthetic pesticides and effective to control many pests. (academicjournals.org)
However, while IPC refers to various methods of controlling pests, including the integration of natural methods with chemical pesticides, IPM also considers ecological and economic factors, including prioritising the careful monitoring of insect populations and the surrounding environment. (echocommunity.org)
Effective biopest control will incorporate these natural enemies of pests: predators, parasites (or parasitoids), and pathogens. (echocommunity.org)
These beetles in Montana are beneficial insects as they feed on aphids, scale insects, and other plant pests, making them valuable allies in natural pest control. (animalofthings.com)
To identify the most effective trap method for monitoring populations of these pests and beneficial insects. (wgrf.ca)
We also wanted to study beneficial ground beetle populations in the same fields, these beetles can be predators of crop pests and weed seeds. (wgrf.ca)
No talk on beneficial insects is complete without talking about - I call it "#AAFCbugbook," because this name is super-long to say - "Field Crop and Forage Pests and their Natural Enemies in Western Canada. (topcropmanager.com)
The Prairie Pest Monitoring Blog is a great way to get information on insect pests and beneficials and you should all sign up to receive emails. (topcropmanager.com)
Two important aphid pests in the genus Macrosiphum are rose aphids and potato aphids (plus about 80 other species). (ncsu.edu)
Since they prey on agricultural pests, most coccinellids are considered beneficial insects . (wikipedia.org)
This makes them valuable for controlling pests and maintaining the balance of local ecosystems. (michepestcontrol.com)
They have the ability to quickly knock down moderate levels of aphid infestations, as well as help control many other pests. (buglogical.com)
Despite biocontrol conceptually being a useful way to control specific pests, there are very few products that are used beyond the glasshouse level, into the field. (weizmann.ac.il)
By periodically spraying your hydrangeas, you can keep pests at bay or even lessen their population. (smileysprouts.com)
Introducing beneficial bugs into your garden that will feed on these pests without harming your plants is one of the simplest ways to deal with some insect issues. (smileysprouts.com)
The triggers differ from quitoes, storage pests, biting insects, canine and feline person to person, most likely due to a combination of fleas, butterfly larvae, bedbugs, horseflies, silverfish and environmental and genetic factors. (who.int)

Their larvae are voracious predators and will feed on aphids and other small insects like cereal chafers, canola gloss beetles, whiteflies, and Colorado potato beetles. (boell.org)
Control for viburnum beetle if necessary, should be targeted at the larvae in spring. (garynestapine.com)
Remove larvae by hand where practical VLB is restricted to feeding on viburnum plants in the genus Viburnum. (garynestapine.com)
The insect species used is the larvae of the black soldier fly ( Hermetia illucens ). (petgood.com)
There are several reasons why the larvae of the black soldier fly was chosen as the basis for our diets.The larvae are incredibly nutritious and are rich in protein, essential amino acids and beneficial fatty acids. (petgood.com)
The larvae of the black soldier fly is a species controlled and approved for consumption by both humans and domestic animals in the EU since 2016. (petgood.com)
As they undergo metamorphosis, their larvae, commonly known as ladybug larvae, consume aphids and other small insects. (animalofthings.com)
Wasps lay their eggs inside the body of other insects, and the wasp larvae will get their first meal from that host insect. (ntmf.nyc)
In most instances, wasps feed their larvae bits of insects that they have killed and chopped up, but the adults feed on sugars from nectar, aphid honeydew or a sugary liquid produced by their larvae. (ntmf.nyc)
Adults generally are phytophagous, consuming tender buds and young leaves, flower parts, nectar and pollen etc. but many also consume other insects and their larvae or eggs, or even dead insects and it is thought that females of the majority of species consume food of animal origin before ovipositing. (ukbeetles.co.uk)
A single ladybug is capable of consuming up to 50 to 60 aphids per day but will also eat a variety of other insects and larvae including scales, mealy bugs, leaf hoppers, mites, and various types of soft-bodied insects. (buglogical.com)
The Green lacewing larvae is the most beneficial stage with the lacewings. (buglogical.com)

There are diverse types of beneficial insects: Some specialize in controlling specific pest species, while others eat many different species. (boell.org)
A few earwig species cause some damage by feeding on crops and ornamental plants, but most play a beneficial role by feeding on other insects. (tamu.edu)
Most species prey on other insects - dead and living - and supplement their diet with various forms of decaying organic matter. (tamu.edu)
The species is often seen under bridges with lights which attracts insects these spiders are out to capture. (wl2.com.br)
This lynx spider species is one of the most abundant beneficial spider species in gardens, yards, and agricultural fields throughout North America. (wl2.com.br)
Hear our vet talk about the nutritional composition and health benefits of the insect species we use. (petgood.com)
Our 2,834 ground-level traps also caught 98,720 ground beetles from 82 species in 29 genera. (wgrf.ca)
The south-east coastal area of Fujian, China, belongs to the Oriental Realm, and is characterized by a high insect species richness. (pensoft.net)
Previous taxonomic works have provided species identification and great contributions to potential agents of biological control. (pensoft.net)
Most coccinellid species are carnivorous predators, preying on insects such as aphids and scale insects . (wikipedia.org)
Several species have been introduced outside their range as biological control agents, with varying degrees of success. (wikipedia.org)
Unpublished data from Santiago Suchilquitongo, Oaxaca, indicates that the Urosigalphus species can parasitize almost 30 per cent of the population of the pepper weevil in insecticide-free experimental plots. (greenhousecanada.com)
Efforts are underway to control the spread of this invasive species and protect native bee populations. (michepestcontrol.com)
Initially introduced as a biological control agent against aphids and coccids in greenhouses, this alien species rapidly invaded many habitats such as forests, meadows, wetlands, and agricultural crops. (ac.be)
This species has long been used as a biological control agent against aphids and coccids on both sides of the Atlantic Ocean. (ac.be)
Wasp diet preferences Nectar Fruit Honey Small insects Plants This wasp species is native to North Africa, Eastern China, the Middle East, Southern Europe, and the Mediterranean region. (ntmf.nyc)
Most species of wasp are actually parasitic insects, which means they lay their eggs inside other insects and they rarely bother us humans. (ntmf.nyc)
Most do not feed on garden plants or have a noticeable effect on them, a few species in the genera Phyllotreta and Psylliodes feed on brassicas and related plants. (rhs.org.uk)
This is a large and cosmopolitan family of about 10000 species in 400 genera and 17 subfamilies, depending upon how some of the groups e.g. (ukbeetles.co.uk)
The body form is generally convex, usually slender to broadly oval and tapering or rounded towards the apex, the largest European species is Paracalais parreissi (Laibner, 2000) and the largest of all are species of the African genus Tetralobus Lepeletier & Serville, 1828. (ukbeetles.co.uk)
The wasp genus Aphidius is a large group containing numerous species, all of which attack aphids and provide natural control of aphids in backyard gardens, commercial fields, and urban landscapes. (buglogical.com)
Eastern bluebirds as well as other box nesting species are beneficial in helping control insect populations. (tlc-nj.org)

which would be alternative biological control agents to suppress populations of caterpillars. (pensoft.net)
The females lay their eggs on or inside the caterpillars, pupae or chrysalises of live insects. (espacepourlavie.ca)
They feed on a variety of other insects, including flies , caterpillars, and even other wasps . (michepestcontrol.com)
They feed on soft-bodied insects like aphids, but will also feed on caterpillars and some beetles. (buglogical.com)

In warm weather, parasitic wasps, lady beetles, syrphid fly maggots, lace wings and other predaceous insects may feed on aphids so that aphid populations may decrease rapidly. (ncsu.edu)

Starting from a small initial infestation with a few beetles, uncounted offspring can develop within a short time that destroys the grain - ichneumon wasps are particularly suitable for their control. (boell.org)
Since flea beetles emerge early in the spring and can migrate into seedling canola fields rapidly, insecticide-coated seed treatments are the most effective means of flea beetle control 6, 44, 45. (garynestapine.com)
Since 2001, all seed treatments registered for control of flea beetles in … If chemical control is needed, most fungal leaf spots and anthracnose can be controlled with sprays of fungicides containing chlorothalonil, thiophanate-methyl, myclobutanil, or mancozeb. (garynestapine.com)
Cultural Control Methods that may provide partial control of these beetles, which can be especially important in organically certified crops, include the use of trap crops such as Chinese Southern Giant Mustard (Brassica juncea var. (garynestapine.com)
With over 116 different beetles documented in the state, Montana boasts various fascinating insects. (animalofthings.com)
The types of beetles in Montana encompass various colors, shapes, and sizes, showcasing the remarkable diversity within this insect order. (animalofthings.com)
Banded Black Carpet Beetles are small, oval-shaped insects measuring around 3-5 millimeters. (animalofthings.com)
The Bee-like Flower Scarab Beetle, belonging to the genus Trichiotinus, is also one of the fascinating types of beetles in Montana, including different regions. (animalofthings.com)
Ground beetle communities varied significantly with previous crop rotation: dryland wheat fields following canola in the previous year had more carabids of all genera and more beetles in the Amara (seed-feeding) genus, compared to fields following cereals. (wgrf.ca)
Belonging to the genus Meloe, these beetles are named after the yellowish oil they excrete from their joints when under threat or pressure. (whatsthatbug.com)
Oil beetles belong to the genus Meloe and are a part of the Coleoptera family. (whatsthatbug.com)
[16] [17] Being beetles, they have hardened, non-overlapping forewings , known as elytrons , which cover up the more fragile hindwings when the insects are not in flight. (wikipedia.org)
As with lady beetles, these natural enemies are important predators of aphids and many types of soft bodied insects and insect eggs. (buglogical.com)

It is necessary for the farmer to observe insect life to both understand pest populations and recognise the role of natural predators in a farm's lifecycle and food chain. (echocommunity.org)
2.1 Predators are animals or insects that prey on other animals or insects, typically those that are smaller than them, in large numbers, and at every stage of the prey's lifecycle (egg, immaturity, chrysalis, maturity). (echocommunity.org)
The beneficials that I'll discuss here provide biological control, and are further defined as predators and parasitoids. (topcropmanager.com)
Despite their reputation as aggressive and dangerous insects, hornets are actually important predators in their ecosystems. (michepestcontrol.com)
In their role as predators, wasps help regulate the local population of the organisms they feed on, such as spiders. (ntmf.nyc)

Viburnum shrubs have always been considered among the best options for pest-free landscape plants, but unfortunately, a sneaky little insect newer to North America seeks to change all that. (garynestapine.com)
The largest ichneumons in North America belong to genus Megarhyssa and may be up to 5 cm long. (espacepourlavie.ca)
Aphidius colemani is a parasitic wasp native to North America useful for biological control of aphids in greenhouses and outdoor growing. (buglogical.com)

The symbiont is essential for growth and survival of the host insect. (nature.com)

Some females also lay eggs in insects, such as chalcid wasps, boll weevils, and tomato hornworms, which otherwise cause a lot of damage to the crops. (whatsthatbug.com)
But not only fungi also mites, insects, spiders or birds can protect crops. (boell.org)
Throughout the world diamondback moth is considered the main insect pest of brassica crops, particularly cabbages, kales, broccoli and cauliflowers. (infonet-biovision.org)
Onion thrips is a key pest of onion and several crops and its control is important to the production and profitability of crops (Gill et al. (academicjournals.org)
This paper reviews the habitats (forests, crops, herbs, gardens and orchards) where H. axyridis has been observed, either during insect samplings or as part of Integrated Pest Management (IPM) programs. (ac.be)
Although wasps feed on insects, and are sometimes purposely introduced by farmers to protect crops as a natural form of pest control, they are also prey for certain bugs. (ntmf.nyc)
Summary: The phenomenon of feral crops, that is, free-living populations that have established outside cultivation, is understudied. (weizmann.ac.il)
iv) After fulfilling these three criteria, the product must be biosafe: not produce mammalian toxins that affect users and consumers, and have a host range that does not include crops and beneficial organisms, and in most cases that it will not spread from application sites or have environmental residues beyond those needed to control the target pest. (weizmann.ac.il)

They just drop out and they tap into the phloem and they start feeding, so your aphid populations can increase exponentially unless you've got a beneficial insect that acts on them. (topcropmanager.com)
Aphid populations are sometimes devastated by Cephalosporium lecanii , a fungus that infects aphids as a sort of super athlete's foot disease. (ncsu.edu)

However, different varieties of Ichneumon seek specific insects to act as the host. (whatsthatbug.com)

So named for the fact that they burrow into wood to build their nests and lay their eggs, these insects resemble bumble bees. (pestco.com)
Once the pepper weevil has laid its eggs in the pepper, there is no pesticide available that can knock down the population. (greenhousecanada.com)
To prevent the spread of illnesses and insect eggs to other portions of the same shrub or to other shrubs, disinfect pruning tools after each use. (smileysprouts.com)

Insect pollinators , such as honeybees, contribute a value of around $29 billion to our agricultural industry with about 15 percent of this figure coming from native varieties like the carpenter bees. (pestco.com)
Humans and wildlife depend on insect pollinators for the production of fiber, fruits and vegetables. (missouri.edu)
Insect pollinators are required for the pollination of two-thirds of the world's plants. (missouri.edu)
Of all the insect pollinators, bees are the only ones that collect pollen for eating. (missouri.edu)
By attracting good insects, birds and bats, they serve as pollinators for many of the plants that provide the food we eat. (tlc-nj.org)

Preferred Host: Viburnum opulus, European highbush cranberry and its selections: Moderate Damage: V. lantana, wayfaringtree viburnum V. rafinesquianum, rafinesque viburnum: Slight Injury: V. dentatum, arrowwood viburnum V. trilobum, American highbush cranberry viburnum Introduce lacewings as beneficial insects. (garynestapine.com)
Green lacewings are an often-under-appreciated group of beneficial insects. (buglogical.com)

Ladybugs eat aphids, but pesticides kill these beneficial insects - agrochemicals contribute to the comeback of harmful insects. (boell.org)
ladybugs for controlling aphids and other harmful insects. (buglogical.com)

There are many subspecies of spider mites in the Tetranychus genus including the Pacific Spider Mite, Two-Spotted Spider Mite and Strawberry Spider Mite. (arbico-organics.com)
Introduce beneficial insects after knocking down spider mites for continued control. (arbico-organics.com)
Viburnum beetle Baltimore Maryland invasive viburnum leaf beetle pest insects and mites pest control submitted over 1 year ago. (garynestapine.com)
Ladybugs will eat aphids, mites and other soft- bodied insects. (buglogical.com)

Spiders of this genus are known for having different sizes depending on their gender. (wl2.com.br)
Yellow jackets are commonly known for feeding on human food, like meats, and on other insects and spiders. (ntmf.nyc)

Ladybugs are the most popular beneficial insect for your garden. (buglogical.com)

Wasps are beneficial to ecosystems because they control insect populations, but feared by humans because of their powerful sting. (ntmf.nyc)
Musca domestica and Chrysomya megacephala, considered synanthropic insects, are medically important flies, as they transmit vector-borne diseases to humans and animals. (bvsalud.org)

Hornets are a type of large social wasp that belong to the genus Vespa in the family Vespidae. (michepestcontrol.com)
The wasp is a predator for many insects but that doesn't mean other animals don't eat wasps. (ntmf.nyc)
If you have wooden structures on your property, like your home, make sure you have a wasp control plan to protect your property. (ntmf.nyc)
Contact us online to learn more about our wasp control services or give us a call at 800-937-8398. (ntmf.nyc)

Certaines espèces végétales, telles que l'ortie Urtica dioica L., présentes à proximité des habitats agricoles, contiennent de grandes quantités d' H. axyridis et peuvent donc servir de réserve de prédateurs avant les invasions de pucerons en grandes cultures. (ac.be)

Utilize biological control methods instead (see below). (arbico-organics.com)
Biological Control - Ideal for spider mite control during flowering. (arbico-organics.com)

In this way, ichneumons are also beneficial insects that help in pest control. (whatsthatbug.com)
There are even ichneumons known as hyperparasitoids that parasitize other parasitoidal insects inside their hosts. (espacepourlavie.ca)
Ichneumons are considered beneficial, since they play an important ecological role by helping to control arthropod populations. (espacepourlavie.ca)

Webbing will be produced when mite populations grow in size and can be found on foliage, twigs and fruit/buds. (arbico-organics.com)
Hosing down the foliage of your hydrangeas can assist, as some insects prefer dry, heated conditions. (smileysprouts.com)

Hornets are social insects, and the nests can contain hundreds or even thousands of individuals. (michepestcontrol.com)
You will get 200,000 of them flying from a colony on dusk seeking somewhere to establish new nests,'' Dunrite Pest Control owner Steve Annells said. (termirepel.com)

Anything you can do to help your plants through hot spells will help control mite population growth. (arbico-organics.com)
If populations are high, they can cause serious damage by feeding on flowers, fruits, vegetables and other plants, giving the leaves a ragged appearance with many small, irregular holes. (tamu.edu)
Beneficial nematodes help control harmful nematodes and other insects that destroy plants. (gardenguides.com)
Growing strong plants-those that will best resist disease and insect damage-is the foundation of IPM. (echocommunity.org)
Bacterial Biopesticide (Bactericide): Bacteria are microorganisms that live in plants and soil and can be both harmful and beneficial. (echocommunity.org)
Seeds are planted at a distance of 24-40 inches between rows and 9-16 inches between plants, giving a plant population of 29,400 per acre at the closest spacing. (ufl.edu)
Check susceptible plants frequently from spring onwards so action can be taken before a damaging population has developed. (rhs.org.uk)
Bats help control insect populations, reseed deforested land, and pollinate plants, including many that we eat. (warrenswcd.com)

Trichoderma are used as pest control in agriculture on pathogenic fungi due to their ability to parasitize them. (boell.org)

Wasps are insects classified in the family Hymenoptera. (ntmf.nyc)

These insects generally resemble wasps , but their antennae are longer and more segmented. (espacepourlavie.ca)

Spider mite populations can grow rapidly under the right conditions (warm with little wind is their favorite) and can be identified by the telltale webbing they produce on plant leaves. (arbico-organics.com)
Knockdown & Chemical Control - Existing spider mite populations should be treated with organic knockdown sprays if allowed. (arbico-organics.com)
Apply to active spider mite infestations at 3-day intervals until control is achieved. (arbico-organics.com)
Females spin orb-shaped spider webs where they catch all types of bugs and insects. (wl2.com.br)

Ecosystem services that insects provide, such as pollination or pest control, account for 12 percent annually of the EU agricultural sectors' profits. (boell.org)

These insects have played roles in folklore , religion and poetry, and are particularly popular in nursery rhymes . (wikipedia.org)

Beneficial organisms can also be tiny organisms such as bacteria or fungi including miniscule filamentous fungi of the genus Trichoderma, which are naturally found in soil everywhere. (boell.org)

Insecticidal soaps and horticultural oils have less impact on beneficial insects than do Orthene, the pyrethroids and the nicotinoids now widely labeled for home landscape use. (ncsu.edu)
Population suppression has been accomplished for decades with pyrethroids and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitors, but recurrent selection has led to increased frequency of alleles conferring resistance to those two classes of active ingredients (Geden et al. (bvsalud.org)

To fly around and hunt for insects in the dark, bats use a remarkable high frequency system called echolocation . (warrenswcd.com)
As you likely already know, the data from this project allows us to monitor population changes for bats through long-term assessments. (warrenswcd.com)
In the winter of 2006-07, the New York Department of Environmental Conservation found approximately 10,000 bats of the genus Myotis (little brown bats, M. lucifugus, and Indiana bats, M. sodalis) dead and dying in four caves in New York. (warrenswcd.com)

Arthropod vectors control the replication of arboviruses through their innate antiviral immune responses. (mdpi.com)
Health surveillance and prevention of infes- tation for these arthropods could have an immense impact on the control of the allergenic arthropod community, preven- tion of respiratory diseases, and personal health in Shiraz. (who.int)

Cultural Control & Prevention - Optimize the growing conditions to the crop being grown and the environment being cultivated. (arbico-organics.com)
This can provide an effective population of beneficial insects on crop land. (boell.org)
The root-knot nematode does more crop damage worldwide than any other genus. (gardenguides.com)
Our main objectives in this study were to learn about wireworms in southern Alberta wheat fields and determine if crop rotations are related to wireworm populations. (wgrf.ca)
Some researchers focus on the negative consequences of domestication, whereas others assert that feral populations may serve as useful pools of genetic diversity for future crop improvement. (weizmann.ac.il)

Earwigs are one of the most readily recognized insects in the home and landscape. (tamu.edu)
Although earwigs are rarely harmful to people, the insects' large, pincher-like abdominal appendages, called forceps, can present a formidable appearance. (tamu.edu)
Earwigs are medium-sized insects ranging from 1⁄4 to 1 1⁄4 inches (5 to 31 mm) long and are flattened from top to bottom. (tamu.edu)
Earwigs have chewing mouthparts, which they use to catch and eat insects. (tamu.edu)
Three types of control methods are used to manage earwigs in the home or landscape: sanitation, mechanical means and chemical control methods. (tamu.edu)

Insecticidal soaps or horticultural oils should give adequate control of aphids although a number of other pesticides are labeled and should also give adequate control. (ncsu.edu)

Various pathogens will naturally attack pest insects, making them vital elements of integrated pest control. (echocommunity.org)
Insects that aren't harming anyone and might help with pest management naturally shouldn't be killed. (smileysprouts.com)

With potential threats to bat populations increasing (e.g. (warrenswcd.com)

2.3 Pathogens are microorganisms that live and prosper on animals or insects, causing disease, or, ultimately, death. (echocommunity.org)

Onion thrips, Thrips tabaci Lindeman is a cosmopolitan and polyphagous insect pest. (academicjournals.org)

Read on to learn more about the habits of this insect, what to look for by way of infestations, an in-depth description of the pest control methods our technicians employ to protect Pittsburgh and Western Pennsylvania business facilities, or contact Pestco Professional Services for any pest control need (412) 252-5200. (pestco.com)

White-nose Syndrome, habitat destruction) in Ohio, it is imperative that we continue to monitor and assess our Ohio bat populations. (warrenswcd.com)

VLB activity is observed in both native populations and ornamental plantings of viburnums. (garynestapine.com)

In order to ensure a good living environment for beneficial insects, fields should not be too large, but should be interspersed with hedges or flower strips, and bordered by varied field margins. (boell.org)
Carpenter bees are large solitary insects with purplish wings that nest in tunnels bored into dead wood or plant stems. (pestco.com)
These insects look like large, slender wasps . (espacepourlavie.ca)
Provides preventive control of large aphids. (buglogical.com)

Pesticides kill these beneficial insects. (boell.org)
Significant presence of beneficial insects can reduce the need for expensive pesticides and working hours for farmers. (boell.org)
To solve the side effects of insecticides, it should be replaced by environmentally friendly pest management alternatives and for this, the use of plant-based pesticides is the best alternative because they do not have residue problems, negative effects on beneficial insects and do not cause air and water quality problems in the environment. (academicjournals.org)
Synthetic pesticides have been extensively used to control onion thrips (Din et al. (academicjournals.org)
Neem oil or other commercially available ready-to-use formulations are examples of organic pesticides or insecticides that can be sprayed to control pest problems. (smileysprouts.com)

Horticultural oils can also be applied to overwintering sites to reduce egg populations. (arbico-organics.com)

Anatomy9

Organisms45

Diseases1

Chemicals and Drugs16

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment4

Psychiatry and Psychology2

Phenomena and Processes20

Information Science4

Health Care4

Pests21

Larvae12

Species22

Caterpillars4

Feed on aphids1

Beetles13

Predators5

North America3

Host insect1

Crops8

Aphid populations2

Ichneumon1

Eggs3

Pollinators5

Lacewings2

Harmful insects2

Mites4

Spiders2

Ladybugs1

Humans2

Wasp4

Habitats1

Biological2

Ichneumons3

Foliage2

Nests2

Plants8

Parasitize1

Hymenoptera1

Resemble1

Spider4

Pollination1

Roles1

Organisms1

Pyrethroids2

Bats3

Arthropod2

Crop5

Earwigs5

Insecticidal1

Naturally2

Threats1

Pathogens1

Cosmopolitan1

Infestations1

Assess1

Ornamental1

Large4

Pesticides5

Horticultural1