Population selection genetic. Medical search. Frequent questions

Lawson R., Kofron C.P., Dessauer H.C., Alloenzyme variation in natural populations of Nile crocodile, Am. Zool. (gse-journal.org)
Marjoram, P. & Tavaré, S. Modern computational approaches for analyzing molecular-genetic-variation data. (nature.com)
2000 ). Traditionally, upon the advent of Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) technology, genetic variation within wild populations used to be determined either employing a handful of neutral microsatellite markers or assessing mitochondrial DNA sequences (Chapman et al. (nature.com)
Genetic variation enables both adaptive evolutionary changes and artificial selection. (unimi.it)
After clone correction within each country, 99 isolates were analyzed for measures of population diversity, variation at single SSR loci, and for genetic differentiation of virulence phenotypes and SSR genotypes. (apsnet.org)
0.05) differentiated from the populations in South and North Kazakhstan for SSR variation. (apsnet.org)
All populations from Central Asia and the Caucasus were significantly differentiated from the North American isolates and isolates from durum wheat for SSR variation and virulence phenotypes. (apsnet.org)
Here we link genetic variation with differential susceptibility of white-tailed deer to chronic wasting disease (CWD), with implications for fitness and disease-driven genetic selection. (nih.gov)
The construction of this population provided a unique opportunity to observe phenotypic variation as new allelic combinations arose through intercrossing and inbreeding to create new stable genetic combinations. (ornl.gov)
Phenotypic variation in the CC breeding population exceeds that of existing mouse genetic reference populations due to both high founder genetic diversity and novel epistatic combinations. (ornl.gov)
How species can adapt to abrupt environmental changes, particularly in the absence of standing genetic variation, is poorly understood and a pressing question in the face of ongoing climate change. (biomedcentral.com)
The cattle genome represents an opportunity for the identification of genetic variation that contributes to phenotypic diversity and for inferring genome responses to strong artificial selection. (researcher.life)
The parameter estimates were used to reject a model in which genetic structure arose by chance in small populations, and analysis of molecular variation showed that geographically restricted gene flow was unlikely to be the cause of the genetic structure. (ox.ac.uk)
Genetic and phenotypic variation. (up.ac.za)
Organisation of genetic variation. (up.ac.za)
We studied the associations between the stem quality, phenology, and genetic structure by genotyping the phenotypic variation at 15 genomic SSR makers of 208 mature European beech trees in four artificially established stands in Lithuania. (mdpi.com)
81.25% of the traits had genotypic coefficients of variation above 20%, which indicates conditions favorable to selection with considerable genetic advances. (scielo.br)
The main goal of the first project is to understand the role of natural and sexual selection in the evolution and maintenance of genetic variation at loci coding for melanin-based colour traits by combining disciplines of behavioural ecology, genetics and population genetics. (unil.ch)
Genetic variation is useful because it helps populations change over time. (utah.edu)
Once new alleles arise, meiosis and sexual reproduction combine different alleles in new ways to increase genetic variation. (utah.edu)
It's useful to think of mutation as a process that creates genetic variation. (utah.edu)
We often refer to a mutation as a thing-the genetic variation itself. (utah.edu)
But some people have a variation in a genetic switch that keeps the lactase gene active. (utah.edu)
2000. Adaptive variation in energy acquisition and allocation among latitudinal populations of the Atlantic silverside. (ccri.edu)
1997. Latitudinal variation in vertebral number has a genetic basis in the Atlantic silverside, Menidia menidia. (ccri.edu)
Whole genome sequencing data was used to quantify the levels of overall genomic diversity, genic variation, differentiation, individual inbreeding and the inferred genetic load in each population. (purdue.edu)
This study, which compared the genomes or small and large quail populations, showed how variation is lost due to genetic erosion. (purdue.edu)
We then continue with analyses of variation within species for genetic identification of individuals, parents, populations and analyses inferring the evolutionary history of species (phylogeography). (lu.se)

Barker J.S.F., A global protocol for determining genetic distances among domestic livestock breeds, in: Proceeding of the 5th World Congress on Genetics Applied to Livestock Production, 7-12 August 1994, Vol. 21, University of Guelph, Ontario, pp. 501-508. (gse-journal.org)
Crawford A.M., Dodds K.G., Ede A.J., An autosomal genetic linkage map of the sheep genome, Genetics 140 (1995) 703-724. (gse-journal.org)
Kimura M., Crow J.F., The number of alleles that can be maintained in a finite population, Genetics 49 (1964) 725-738. (gse-journal.org)
May B., Krueger C.C., Eng C., Paul E., GENES IN POPULATIONS version 2.0: A Computer Program for Analysis of Genetic Data, Cornell Laboratory for Ecological and Evolutionary Genetics, Cornell University, New York, 1995. (gse-journal.org)
Nei M., Estimation of average heterozygosity and genetic distance from a small number of individuals, Genetics 89 (1978) 583-590. (gse-journal.org)
Raymond M., Rousset F., GENEPOP version 1.2: Population genetics software for exact tests and ecumenicism, J. Hered. (gse-journal.org)
Takezaki N., Nei M., Genetic distances and reconstruction of phylogenetic trees from microsatellite DNA, Genetics 144 (1996) 389-399. (gse-journal.org)
Here we measure clone dynamics in human cancers by using computational modeling of subclonal selection and theoretical population genetics applied to high-throughput sequencing data. (nature.com)
Hartl, D. L. & Clark, A. G. Principles of Population Genetics . (nature.com)
Human population genetics. (up.ac.za)
Wonil Chung, Omer Weissbrod and Margaux Hujoel were awarded as semifinalists for the Charles J. Epstein Trainee Award for Excellence in Human Genetic Research for the 2018 American Society of Human Genetics Conference in San Diego, California this October. (harvard.edu)
This hands-on activity, used in conjunction with a short film, teaches students about population genetics, the Hardy-Weinberg principle, and how natural selection alters the frequency distribution of heritable traits. (berkeley.edu)
My research uses evolutionary biology and population genetics to understand the demographic and adaptive history of humans and closely related species. (researchgate.net)
The field of conservation genetics aims at preserving species by using their levels of genetic diversity, usually measured as ne. (researchgate.net)
Genetic diversity has traditionally been accessed from pedigree, however, with the advances in molecular genetics new opportunities have emerged. (scirp.org)
Mathematical Models in Biology: An Introduction is an introductory textbook in discrete mathematical modeling covering a wide variety of biological topics: dynamic models of population growth, models of molecular evolution, the construction of phylogenetic trees, genetics, and infectious disease modeling. (maa.org)
Brown AHD (1978) Isozymes, plant population genetics structure and genetic conservation. (springer.com)

The roles of the various potential ecological and evolutionary causes of spatial population genetic structure (SPGS) cannot in general be inferred from the extant structure alone. (bioone.org)
Multilocus and SNP typing can now be used to detect diverse and emerging C. trachomatis strains for epidemiologic and evolutionary studies of trachoma and STI populations worldwide. (cdc.gov)
When selection acts for long evolutionary periods selected polymorphisms may survive species splits and segregate in present-day populations of different species. (researchgate.net)
In this study, researchers created evolutionary models from whole genome sequence data and ran computer simulations to explain how genetic load and fitness change over time. (purdue.edu)
An evolutionary perspective on genetic load in small, isolated populations as informed by whole genome resequencing and forward-time simulations. (purdue.edu)
I am an evolutionary ecologist studying the genetic architecture, adaptations, and evolutionary dynamics of wild animal populations. (lu.se)

A Bayesian method was applied to test for the action of natural selection under a population genetic model that incorporates recombination. (ox.ac.uk)
RESULTS: The results suggest that: (i) recombination plays an important role in determining the haplotype structure of PvDBPII, and (ii) PvDBPII appears to contain neutrally evolving codons as well as codons evolving under natural selection. (ox.ac.uk)
In asexual populations, the stochastic accumulation of mutation load is called Muller's ratchet, and occurs in the absence of beneficial mutations, when after the most-fit genotype has been lost, it cannot be regained by genetic recombination. (wikipedia.org)
Advantages of MLST include its precision, allowing simple interlaboratory comparisons, good discrimination between strains, and buffering against the distorting effect of recombination on genetic relatedness. (cdc.gov)
The influence of mutation, recombination, population history, and selection on patterns of genetic diversity in Neisseria meningitidis. (ox.ac.uk)
Exploiting this information, however, requires a systematic approach that distinguishes the genetic signal generated by epidemiological processes from the effects of other forces, such as recombination, mutation, and population history. (ox.ac.uk)
More precisely, EAs maintain a POPULATION of structures, that evolve according to rules of SELECTION and other operators, that are referred to as "search operators", (or GENETIC OPERATORs), such as RECOMBINATION and MUTATION. (cmu.edu)

Sexually reproducing species are expected to have lower genetic loads. (wikipedia.org)
Accurately inferring population genetic structure requires whole-genome data across the geographical range of the species, which can be resource-intensive. (nature.com)
Assessing the population genetic structure of wild species is important for their management (Wultsch et al. (nature.com)
Further, diseases may provide selective pressures that shape the genetic diversity of populations or species. (nih.gov)
Natural selection and the evolution of immune genes in humans and closely-related species. (researchgate.net)
Since the beginning of this century, the loss of genetic diversity within this species has been a major concern as this could have serious consequences on the ability of this species to respond to future production constraints. (scirp.org)
It is even more austere when we analytically examine population declines, rather than the complete loss of species, as 32% of known vertebrate species are showing substantial population deterioration [7]. (scirp.org)
During the spread of livestock species across Europe, Asia, and Africa, numerous geographically separate populations of livestock species emerged, where each of these populations is expected to have adapted to their respective environment. (scirp.org)
also, adaptation to a diverse selection pressure imposed by climate, nutritional factors, disease, and parasites are natural agents that discern the species and breeds of livestock [8]. (scirp.org)
As more habitat is lost and populations shrink, wild animal species become more at risk of extinction. (purdue.edu)
Understanding the vulnerabilities of threatened species and populations to environmental changes, especially at the genetic level, can help inform future conservation strategies. (purdue.edu)
Texas populations are listed as vulnerable by the Texas Parks and Wildlife Department, and despite their historical status as a game species, there has been no open hunting season for Montezuma quail for several decades. (purdue.edu)
We analyzed whole Montezuma Quail genome sequences to illustrate how small isolated populations have reduced genetic diversity and less potential to adapt to changing environmental conditions such as invasive species, climate and emerging infectious diseases and are more likely to be less fit due to inbreeding than individuals from diverse gene pools," Mathur explained. (purdue.edu)
Our study showcases how proactive genetic monitoring of wild species can help devise more scientifically sound conservation strategies. (purdue.edu)
Findings showed that as more habitat is lost and populations shrink, wild species become more inbred and lose fitness/productivity due to harmful mutations that are not exposed in larger, outbred populations. (purdue.edu)
A second study helped explain why small populations carry fewer harmful mutations and why recent inbreeding is more detrimental to species fitness than long-term isolation. (purdue.edu)
Several findings promoted experimental BLU research (3,10): the showing of the plurality of strains (23), the successful use of the propagation of BLU inembryonated chicken eggs(1), the development of cell culture as a neutralization assay system (8), and the demonstration for wild and colonized populations of C. variipennis that this species was a biological vector of bluetongue virus(7). (cdc.gov)

Nei M., Maruyama T., Chakraborty R., The bottleneck effect and genetic variability in populations, Evolution 29 (1975) 1-10. (gse-journal.org)
However, Kimura's argument confused the lag load with the substitutional load, using the former when it is the latter that in fact sets the maximal rate of evolution by natural selection. (wikipedia.org)
Be it resolved that the genetic and fossil evidence supports the evolution model and refutes the biblical creation model. (ubc.ca)
I am particularly interested in Pleistocene human evolution, historical human migrations and the maintenance of advantageous genetic diversity in natural populations. (researchgate.net)
Here, we investigate the role of long-term balancing selection in the evolution of protein-codi. (researchgate.net)
Users can experiment with various parameters to learn more about two different mechanisms of evolution: natural selection and genetic drift. (northwestern.edu)
This method simulates genetic drift as a mechanism of evolution since each cell starts off identical. (northwestern.edu)
If natural selection is a stronger mechanism for evolution in a given set of cell models, then the same trait will win more frequently. (northwestern.edu)
The evolution, maintenance and adaptive function of genetic colour polymorphism in birds. (unil.ch)
They all share a common conceptual base of simulating the EVOLUTION of INDIVIDUAL structures via processes of SELECTION, MUTATION, and REPRODUCTION. (cmu.edu)
To quantify this effect, Harris and Nielsen used computer programs to simulate mutation accumulation during Neanderthal evolution and to estimate how humans were affected by the influx of neanderthal genetic variants. (newswise.com)
My main research goals are to understand how natural and sexual selection shapes phenotypes in wild populations, why some populations are more evolvable than others and how the genetic architecture of traits constrain or facilitate evolution. (lu.se)

Genetic variability and natural selection at the ligand domain of the Duffy binding protein in Brazilian Plasmodium vivax populations. (ox.ac.uk)
The aim of this study was to characterize the genetic variability of México's chicken population to reveal any underlying population structure. (unimi.it)
The variability of the casein should be exploited in future using breeding programs to select genetic lines for specific protein production in bovine milk but also to preserve biodiversity. (researcher.life)
This allows for variability in the population. (northwestern.edu)

Deleterious mutation load is the main contributing factor to genetic load overall. (wikipedia.org)
The Haldane-Muller theorem of mutation-selection balance says that the load depends only on the deleterious mutation rate and not on the selection coefficient. (wikipedia.org)
Specifically, relative to an ideal genotype of fitness 1, the mean population fitness is exp ⁡ ( − U ) {\displaystyle \exp(-U)} where U is the total deleterious mutation rate summed over many independent sites. (wikipedia.org)
The intuition for the lack of dependence on the selection coefficient is that while a mutation with stronger effects does more harm per generation, its harm is felt for fewer generations. (wikipedia.org)
A slightly deleterious mutation may not stay in mutation-selection balance but may instead become fixed by genetic drift when its selection coefficient is less than one divided by the effective population size. (wikipedia.org)
High load can lead to a small population size, which in turn increases the accumulation of mutation load, culminating in extinction via mutational meltdown. (wikipedia.org)
The late biology professor Lynn Margulis famously stated: "Never, however, did that one mutation make a wing, a fruit, a woody stem, or a claw appear…No evidence in the vast literature of heredity changes shows unambiguous evidence that random mutation itself, even with geographical isolation of populations, leads to speciation. (ubc.ca)
The simulations incorporated data on the mutation rates, genome properties, and population dynamics of hominids. (newswise.com)
Mycobacterium tuberculosis becomes drug resistant through random, spontaneous genetic mutation. (cdc.gov)

An unexpected finding was that genetically diverse populations harbor more harmful mutations than the small populations. (purdue.edu)
In small populations, like the Neanderthals', natural selection is less effective and chance has an outsized influence. (newswise.com)

This study investigates the possibilities for a more detailed introgression program based on marker-trait associations using dense marker genotyping and genomic selection. (nofima.no)
Compared with classical selection, genomic selection increased genetic gain, with the largest effect on low heritability traits and on traits not recorded on selection candidates (due to within-family selection). (nofima.no)
Further, within a wide range of economic weights and initial differences in the total merit index between donor and recipient lines, genomic selection produced backcrossed lines that were similar or better than the purebred lines within three to five generations. (nofima.no)
Integrating genomic and phenomic approaches to support plant genetic resources conservation and use. (usda.gov)
Intriguingly, contemporary human populations across ISEA carry distinct genomic traces of ancient i. (researchgate.net)
We examined different methods for accessing genetic diversity and estimating genetic diversity parameters at the genomic level. (scirp.org)
She is an authority on critically considering how genomic and reproductive technologies should be used well, in research, clinical and population health settings. (cdc.gov)
There is a lot of good in knowing, but there is also a lot of downs': public views on ethical considerations in population genomic screening. (cdc.gov)
Population genomic screening of adults has emerged as a strategy to promote prevention of common diseases such as cancer and heart disease among persons with genetic conditions. (cdc.gov)

Infectious diseases are increasingly recognized as an important force driving population dynamics, conservation biology, and natural selection in wildlife populations. (nih.gov)
Thus, understanding disease dynamics and selective pressures from pathogens is crucial to understanding population processes, managing wildlife diseases, and conserving biological diversity. (nih.gov)
As different patterns have already been described in humans and mosquitoes, parasite diversity and population structure should be studied in both hosts to properly assess their effects on infection and transmission dynamics. (unl.pt)
Chapter 3 (Nonlinear Models of Interaction) introduces the dynamics of interacting populations, starting with a simple predator-prey model. (maa.org)
Understanding Past Population Dynamics: Bayesian Coalescent-Based Modeling with Covariates. (cdc.gov)

We investigated the genetic architecture underlying differentiation in fitness-related traits between two pairs of populations of the seed beetle Callosobruchus maculatus (Coleoptera: Bruchidae). (bioone.org)
2018). Leveraging molecular quantitative trait loci to understand the genetic architecture of diseases and complex traits. (harvard.edu)
Distinguishing genetic correlation from causation across 52 diseases and complex traits. (harvard.edu)
The use of a selection index can assist in decision making by combining the high yield trait with other desirable traits. (scielo.br)
This project is original, since the interest in melanin-based colour traits and genetic colour polymorphism has recently grown. (unil.ch)
Furthermore, we recently proposed a new genetic mechanism to explain why melanin-based colour traits are frequently associated with several individual attributes. (unil.ch)

Long-term balancing selection in the genomes of humans and other great apes. (researchgate.net)

Genetic reference populations in model organisms are critical resources for systems genetic analysis of disease related phenotypes. (ornl.gov)
We further test the hypothesis that among these expressed loci, plastically spliced genes are likely to experience the strongest purifying selection to maintain seasonally plastic phenotypes. (lu.se)

Our results suggest that maintenance of the molecular mechanisms involved in diapause progression, including post-transcriptional modifications, are highly conserved and likely to experience genetic constraints, especially in northern populations of P. napi. (lu.se)
Because the molecular interactions in each cell model are stochastic, the population model displays the effects of both natural and statistical selection (genetic drift). (northwestern.edu)

Elucidating SNP-based genetic diversity and population structure of advanced breeding lines of bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L. (researcher.life)

Identification of genetic structure within wildlife populations have implications in their conservation and management. (nature.com)
We also examined criteria and strategies for the conservation of animal genetic resources. (scirp.org)
Consequently, conservation of farm animal breeds had been for several reasons, for example, to retain potentially useful genes and gene combinations such as the Booroola fecundity gene in sheep [10], the exploitation of heterosis, and to overcome selection plateaus, in addition to cultural motivations, research, and food security. (scirp.org)
As stated by [16], the conservation of genetic diversity is, however, a form of guarantee against possible unexpected environmental conditions because it is a means of maintaining potential adaptation abilities. (scirp.org)
Mathur and DeWoody also created a mathematical framework to quantify genetic load to help prioritize populations for conservation. (purdue.edu)
Diachronic analysis showed no significant changes in the level of genetic diversity occurred over the past 27 years' domestication, which indicated genetic diversity was successfully maintained under on-farm conservation. (springer.com)
Therefore, dynamic conservation measures such as on-farm conservation (which is a backup, complementary strategy to ex situ conservation) should be encouraged and enhanced, especially in crop genetic diversity centers. (springer.com)
Altieri MA, Merrick LC (1987) In situ conservation of crop genetic resources maintenance of traditional farming systems. (springer.com)
Bellon MR, Pham JL, Jackson MT (1997) Genetic conservation: a role for rice farmers. (springer.com)
Brush SB, Meng E (1998) Farmers' valuation and conservation of crop genetic resources. (springer.com)

MLST uses 500-700 bp sequences of internal regions of 6-8 housekeeping genes, excluding genes suspected to be under immune selection (where there is positive selection for sequence diversity) and ribosomal RNA genes (which are multicopy and too conserved) ( 10 ). (cdc.gov)
The high prevalence of point mutations in Pfdhfr and Pfdhps points to the danger of an eventual reduction in the efficacy of SP combined therapy in P. falciparum populations in Equatorial Guinea and to the essential continuous monitoring of these two genes. (unl.pt)
In this study, we explore the relationship between expression and splicing plasticity, along with the genetic diversity in those genes, in an ecologically consequential polyphenism: facultative diapause. (lu.se)
However, as of today, many questions remain regarding screening acceptability, short- and long-term clinical outcomes, selection of genes for screening, and cost. (cdc.gov)
Sickle-cell anaemia is a common genetic condition due to a haemoglobin disorder - inheritance of mutant haemoglobin genes from both parents. (who.int)
About 5% of the world's population carries genes responsible for haemoglobinopathies and each year about 300 000 infants are born with major haemoglobin disorders - in more than 200 000 cases sickle-cell anaemia in Africa. (who.int)

2009 ). With the advancement in next-generation sequencing (NGS) techniques several thousand to millions of markers across the genome have become available for population genetic analysis, even for non-model organisms (Khan and Tyagi 2021 ). (nature.com)

Here, we first identify the population structure of the Indian tiger using whole-genome sequences and then develop an AIMs panel with a minimum number of SNPs that can recapitulate this structure. (nature.com)
Computational studies and Bioinformatics is an interdisciplinary field that progresses and applies computational methods to explore biological data collections such as protein samples, cell populations and genetic sequences for newer predictions or find out new Biology. (wikicfp.com)
Today, Neanderthal sequences make up approximately 2% of the genome in people from non-African populations. (newswise.com)

Balancing selection maintains advantageous genetic and phenotypic diversity in populations. (researchgate.net)

Still, little is known about how genetic differences might influence natural selection within wildlife populations. (nih.gov)

In sufficiently genetically loaded populations, new beneficial mutations create fitter genotypes than those previously present in the population. (wikipedia.org)
The differences in disease infection and mortality rates allowed genetically resistant deer to achieve higher population growth and obtain a long-term fitness advantage, which translated into a selection coefficient of over 1% favoring the CWD-resistant genotype. (nih.gov)
The dispersal of anatomically modern human populations out of Africa and across much of the rest of the world around 55 to 50 thousand years before present (ka) is recorded genetically by the multiple hominin groups they met and interbred with along the way, including the Neandertals and Denisovans. (researchgate.net)
Small and vulnerable populations in Texas, for example, are genetically less diverse and more inbred than the larger Arizona population. (purdue.edu)

We conducted a stage-specific SPGS analysis of a mapped population of about 2000 Trillium grandiflorum (Liliaceae), a long-lived perennial herb. (bioone.org)
Negative or purifying selection hinders the spread of unfavorable alleles, causing decreasing allele frequencies up to the complete loss from the population (Kreitman, 2000). (researcher.life)
Brown AHD (2000) The genetic structure of crop landraces and the challenge to conserve them in situ on farms. (springer.com)

Purging of deleterious mutations in sexual populations is facilitated by synergistic epistasis among deleterious mutations. (wikipedia.org)
This means that by preemptively screening the gene pools, biologists can determine which populations are more inbred and which populations harbor harmful mutations. (purdue.edu)
However, larger, more diverse populations are more efficient at purging these mutations and mutations were found to be truly harmful only when individuals were inbred. (purdue.edu)
But once such mutations are introduced back into a larger population, such as modern humans, they would be exposed to the surveillance of natural selection and eventually lost. (newswise.com)
Many vulnerable populations in fragmented habitats face similar genetic problems to the Neanderthals: inbreeding, low genetic diversity, and accumulation of harmful mutations. (newswise.com)
Risch N, Tang H, Katzenstein H, Ekstein J. Geographic distribution of disease mutations in the Ashkenazi Jewish population supports genetic drift over selection. (medscape.com)

Bostein D., White R.L., Skolnick M., Davis R.W., Construction of a genetic linkage map in man using restriction fragment length polymorphism, Am. J. Hum. (gse-journal.org)
Looking at genetic structure and selection signatures of the Mexican chicken population using single nucleotide polymorphism markers / M.G. Strillacci, V.E. Vega-Murillo, S.I. Román-Ponce, F.J. Ruiz López, M.C. Cozzi, E. Gorla, S. Cerolini, F. Bertolini, L. Fontanesi, A. Bagnato. (unimi.it)

2020 ). Unravelling population structure involves the use of multiple markers from across the genome (Pritchard et al. (nature.com)

A genetic selection program for oral susceptibility to BLUdeveloped two highly susceptible and a resistant line from the baseline colony of C. variipennis (Sonora strain) that was only 30% susceptible (16). (cdc.gov)
These problems of accurate noise characterisation, problems in equating noise exposures of varying time durations using the "equal-energy principle" (selection of an appropriate relationship between duration and intensity of exposure), and significant individual (and idiopathic) differences in susceptibility that might relate to genetic factors and to unrecognised environmental factors. (cdc.gov)
Genetic analysis of infectious diseases: estimating gene effects for susceptibility and infectivity. (cdc.gov)

In Plasmodium, the high level of genetic diversity and the interactions established by co-infecting parasite populations within the same host may be a source of selection on pathogen virulence and drug resistance. (unl.pt)
This study aimed to characterize the circulating populations of Plasmodium spp and Plasmodium falciparum from a combined set of human blood and mosquito samples gathered in mainland Equatorial Guinea. (unl.pt)

METHODS: To test whether diversifying natural selection has shaped the nucleotide diversity of PvDBPII in Brazilian populations, this region was sequenced in 122 isolates from six different geographic areas. (ox.ac.uk)
The results suggest that these populations have not converged to the same life-history phenotype and genetic architecture, despite 120 generations of uniform natural selection. (bioone.org)
In combination, these results indicated the repeated action of natural selection on meningococcal populations, possibly arising from the coevolutionary dynamic of host-pathogen interactions. (ox.ac.uk)
This lesson serves as an extension to the Howard Hughes Medical Institute short film The Making of the Fittest: Natural Selection and Adaptation. (berkeley.edu)
This method simulates natural selection as well as genetic drift. (northwestern.edu)
Run the simulation several times with the same set of cell models to distinguish between the roles of natural selection and genetic drift. (northwestern.edu)
This process of natural selection can lead to significant changes in the appearance, behavior, or physiology of individuals in a population, in just a few generations. (utah.edu)
Wild gene pools are shaped over time by natural selection. (purdue.edu)
Harris and her colleague Rasmus Nielsen (University of California, Berkeley / University of Copenhagen) hypothesized that the force in question was natural selection. (newswise.com)
Quantifying the relationship between genetic diversity and population size suggests natural selection cannot explain Lewontin's Paradox. (bvsalud.org)

This finding along with multiple independent introductions of Pfdhps mutant haplotypes suggest a soft selective sweep and an increased differentiation at Pfdhfr flanking microsatellites hints a model of positive directional selection for this gene. (unl.pt)

ADMIXTURE analyses identified 3 ancestors and the proportion of the genetic contribution of each of them has been determined in each individual. (unimi.it)

A cheaper strategy is to employ a subset of markers that can efficiently recapitulate the population genetic structure inferred by the whole genome data. (nature.com)
These 49 SNPs were sufficient to recapitulate the population genetic structure obtained from the whole genome data. (nature.com)
Whole-Genome Sequencing for Routine Pathogen Surveillance in Public Health: a Population Snapshot of Invasive Staphylococcus aureus in Europe. (cdc.gov)

Understanding genotype-specific epidemiology will improve predictive models and inform management strategies for CWD-affected cervid populations. (nih.gov)
8. Genetic epidemiology of HCV in infected thalassemic patients in Iran. (who.int)

A lack of migration among populations limits gene flow and accelerates inbreeding, which is likely to diminish a population's long-term potential. (purdue.edu)
Ethical considerations in gene selection for reproductive carrier screening. (cdc.gov)
The results suggest that these harmful gene variants continue to reduce the fitness of some populations today. (newswise.com)
This distribution reflects the fact that sickle-cell trait confers a survival advantage against malaria and that selection pressure due to malaria has resulted in high frequencies of the mutant gene especially in areas of high malarial transmission. (who.int)
For example, in Nigeria, by far the most populous country in the subregion with about 120 million inhabitants, 24% of the population are carriers of the mutant gene and the prevalence of sickle-cell anaemia is about 20 per 1000 births. (who.int)

Random genetic drift. (up.ac.za)
This set of five PowerPoint slides featuring questions for problem-based discussion (i.e., open-ended questions that engage students with each other and with course material) can be easily incorporated into lectures on genetic drift. (berkeley.edu)

Selection causes a "hitchhiking" effect on the frequency of neutral alleles at linked loci (Maynard Smith and Haigh, 1974). (researcher.life)

In sub-Saharan Africa mortality will be much higher, and in some areas estimates derived from the age structure of populations attending clinics suggest that half of those with sickle-cell anaemia have died by the age of five years usually from infections including malaria and pneumococcal sepsis, and from the anaemia itself. (who.int)

2019 ). Consequently, resolving the population structure of most wild and endangered fauna with genome-wide SNP markers has been challenging. (nature.com)

Patterns of genetic diversity within populations of human pathogens, shaped by the ecology of host-microbe interactions, contain important information about the epidemiological history of infectious disease. (ox.ac.uk)

These results demonstrate the potential of the CC population once completed and highlight implications for development of related populations. (ornl.gov)
There will be wide-ranging ethical implications as genomics shifts from within the medical paradigm to population-level programs. (cdc.gov)

Abstract Estimating genetic parameters is an essential procedure to define strategies for breeding and selection of higher yielding genotypes. (scielo.br)
Abstract Parent selection is a crucial step in breeding programs. (scielo.br)

The cells with a 'fitter' genetic circuit turn their switch on and off faster, resulting in a faster increase in the energy levels, and a faster growth rate. (northwestern.edu)

In the present study, we evaluated the genetic diversity in tropical wheat genotypes using best linear unbiased predictions (BLUPs) by different grouping methods. (scielo.br)

Our work provides a rare example of a quantifiable disease-driven selection process in a wildlife population, demonstrating the potential for infectious diseases to alter host populations. (nih.gov)

Infectious agents have been implicated in the decline of small or endangered populations and may act to constrain population size, distribution, growth rates, or migration patterns. (nih.gov)

The existing panel of common inbred strains reflects historical selection biases, and existing recombinant inbred panels have low allelic diversity. (ornl.gov)
The Collaborative Cross (CC) is a mouse reference population with high allelic diversity that is being constructed using a randomized breeding design that systematically outcrosses eight founder strains, followed by inbreeding to obtain new recombinant inbred strains. (ornl.gov)

Dai LY, Ye CR, Xu FR et al (1999) Genetic analysis on cold tolerance characteristics of Yunnan rice landrace ( Oryza sativa L.) Kunmingxiaobaigu. (springer.com)

Chang H., Studies on Animal Genetic Resources in China, Shanxi People's Education Press, Xi'an (P.R. China), 1998. (gse-journal.org)

Presently, the world's population is currently growing at 1.5 percent per annum [3]. (scirp.org)

The disparities in breast cancer incidence and survival between AA and EA populations have been attributed to several factors, including disease management, access to proper care, and biological influences. (cdc.gov)

Fig. 3: Quantifying selection from high-depth bulk sequencing of human cancers. (nature.com)
No differences in parasite formula or significant genetic differentiation were seen in the parasite populations in both human and mosquito samples. (unl.pt)
Canine genetic research has already helped physicians in diagnosing rare human diseases. (helsinki.fi)
Canine genetic research enables the study of human diseases as well, since dogs and humans share, in addition to similar genetic and disease heritage, the same living environment. (helsinki.fi)
As the human population increases rapidly, we modify the landscape to meet our increasing need for the resources to sustain our modern lifestyles. (scirp.org)
The continuous increase in the human population coupled with rising incomes and urbanization necessitates the need to conserve the genetic potential of animals to avoid or lower the consequences of biodiversity loss. (scirp.org)
1992. Determining volatile organic compounds in human blood from a large sample population by using purge and trap gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. (cdc.gov)

Genetic makeup of populations is the result of a long-term process of selection and adaptation to specific environments and ecosystems. (unimi.it)
Understanding the genetic architecture of temperature adaptation is key for characterizing and predicting the effect of climate change on natural populations. (biomedcentral.com)

Population structure and genetic diversity of Tamarix chinensis as revealed with microsatellite markers in two estuarine flats. (researcher.life)

Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in miRNAs and risk of breast cancer have been evaluated in populations of European or Asian ancestry, but not among women of African ancestry. (cdc.gov)

Dissecting the dynamic responses of plants to drought will be beneficial for breeding drought-tolerant crops, as the genetic controls of these respons. (biomedcentral.com)
Professor Lohi lists more reasons why canine genetic research is beneficial also to humans. (helsinki.fi)

Population genomics. (up.ac.za)
Ainsley leads the ethics programs of research within the Australian Reproductive Genetic Carrier Screening Project (Mackenzie's Mission) and Australian Genomics. (cdc.gov)

Genetic load is the difference between the fitness of an average genotype in a population and the fitness of some reference genotype, which may be either the best present in a population, or may be the theoretically optimal genotype. (wikipedia.org)
Genetic load can also be seen as reduced fitness at the population level compared to what the population would have if all individuals had the reference high-fitness genotype. (wikipedia.org)
One problem with calculating genetic load is that it is difficult to evaluate either the theoretically optimal genotype, or the maximally fit genotype actually present in the population. (wikipedia.org)
There was a correlation between virulence phenotype and SSR genotype among individual isolates and at the population level. (apsnet.org)
We used these epidemiological parameters in a multi-stage population matrix model to evaluate relative fitness based on genotype-specific population growth rates. (nih.gov)

Non-African humans inherited some of this genetic burden when they interbred with Neanderthals, though much of it has been lost. (newswise.com)
Because there were around ten times more humans than Neanderthals, this number is consistent with the two groups acting as as single population that interbred at random. (newswise.com)

Inbreeding, population subdivision and migration. (up.ac.za)

Anatomy10

Organisms25

Diseases2

Chemicals and Drugs26

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment50

Psychiatry and Psychology13

Phenomena and Processes120

Disciplines and Occupations8

Anthropology, Education, Sociology and Social Phenomena3

Technology, Industry, Agriculture5

Humanities1

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Health Care29

Variation28

Genetics17

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Genomes1

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Diversity and Population Structure1

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20211

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20003

Mutations6

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20201

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Plasmodium2

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Gene5

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20191

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19991

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