• Injection of a cholinergic agonist (e.g. carbachol), into the pontine tegmentum produces a state of REM sleep in cats. (wikipedia.org)
  • For example, microinjecting the GABA A receptor agonist muscimol into the pontine reticular formation increases wakefulness. (silverchair.com)
  • The pontine tegmentum contains nuclei of the cranial nerves (trigeminal (5th), abducens (6th), facial (7th), and vestibulocochlear (8th) cranial nerve nuclei) and their associated fibre tracts, the tegmental pontine reticular nucleus, the mesopontine cholinergic system comprising the pedunculopontine nucleus and the laterodorsal tegmental nucleus, and in the respiratory center the pontine respiratory group - the pneumotaxic centre and the apneustic centre. (wikipedia.org)
  • Thanks to the number of different nuclei located within the pontine tegmentum, it is a region associated with a range of functions including sensory and motor functions (due to the cranial nuclei and fiber tracts), control of stages of sleep and levels of arousal and vigilance (due to the ascending cholinergic systems), and some aspects of respiratory control. (wikipedia.org)
  • The pontine tegmentum contains two predominately cholinergic nuclei, the pedunculopontine nucleus (PPN) and the laterodorsal tegmental nucleus, which project widely throughout the brain. (wikipedia.org)
  • Nearby important structures include the cranial nerve nuclei of the oculomotor (3rd) and trochlear (4th) nerve nuclei, which are located in the midbrain, the pontine nuclei, which are located within the basilar pons, and the raphe nucleus and the locus ceruleus, nuclei of cranial nerves 9-12, and the dorsal respiratory group, which are located further caudally in the brainstem. (wikipedia.org)
  • The dorsal respiratory group are connected to the pneumotaxic and apneustic centres of the pontine tegmentum. (wikipedia.org)
  • Decreasing pontine reticular formation GABA levels comprises one mechanism by which isoflurane causes loss of consciousness, altered cortical excitability, muscular hypotonia, and decreased respiratory rate. (silverchair.com)
  • The pontine tegmentum, or dorsal pons, is located within the brainstem, and is one of two parts of the pons, the other being the ventral pons or basilar part of the pons. (wikipedia.org)
  • The pontine tegmentum is all the material dorsal from the basilar pons to the fourth ventricle. (wikipedia.org)
  • Here, using our technique that enabled PF location-dependent labeling of GCs in mice, we confirmed that synaptic connections of GCs with specific MFs originating from the pontine nucleus (PN-MFs) and dorsal column nuclei (DCoN-MFs) were gently but differentially organized according to their PF locations. (bvsalud.org)
  • Pain and temperature information is also not represented within the principle nucleus, but rather in the spinal trigeminal nucleus, which is caudal to the pontine tegmentum in the medulla. (wikipedia.org)
  • The facial motor nucleus and the superior salivary nucleus of the facial nerve are located within the pontine tegmentum. (wikipedia.org)
  • The facial solitary nucleus, which carries taste information from the anterior 2/3 of the tongue, is located caudal to the pontine tegmentum in the medulla. (wikipedia.org)
  • Cholinergically induced REM sleep triggers Fos-like immunoreactivity in dorsolateral pontine regions associated with REM sleep. (musc.edu)
  • The pontine tegmentum, or dorsal pons, is located within the brainstem, and is one of two parts of the pons, the other being the ventral pons or basilar part of the pons. (wikipedia.org)
  • The pontine tegmentum is all the material dorsal from the basilar pons to the fourth ventricle. (wikipedia.org)
  • The dorsal respiratory group are connected to the pneumotaxic and apneustic centres of the pontine tegmentum. (wikipedia.org)
  • The pontine tegmentum contains nuclei of several cranial nerves and consequently has a role in several groups of sensory and motor processes. (wikipedia.org)
  • Pain and temperature information is also not represented within the principle nucleus, but rather in the spinal trigeminal nucleus, which is caudal to the pontine tegmentum in the medulla. (wikipedia.org)
  • The facial motor nucleus and the superior salivary nucleus of the facial nerve are located within the pontine tegmentum. (wikipedia.org)
  • The facial solitary nucleus, which carries taste information from the anterior 2/3 of the tongue, is located caudal to the pontine tegmentum in the medulla. (wikipedia.org)
  • Some of the fibers from the cochlear nerve cross over in the pontine tegmentum, forming the trapezoid body, which is thought to help sound localisation. (wikipedia.org)
  • In animal studies, lesions of the pontine tegmentum greatly reduce or even eliminate REM sleep. (wikipedia.org)
  • PET studies seem to indicate that there is a correlation between blood flow in the pontine tegmentum and REM sleep Pontine waves, (PGO waves) or P-waves in rodents, are brain waves generated in the pontine tegmentum. (wikipedia.org)
  • 6. Sleep-wakefulness effects after microinjections of hypocretin 1 (orexin A) in cholinoceptive areas of the cat oral pontine tegmentum. (nih.gov)
  • [ 36 ] An experimental study [ 36 ] showed an increase in hypoglossus nerve activity with consequent opening of the upper airway following carbachol pontine injection in cats. (medscape.com)
  • 14. A restricted parabrachial pontine region is active during non-rapid eye movement sleep. (nih.gov)
  • Alterations in blood pressure and REM sleep after pontine carbachol microinfusion. (musc.edu)