• The brainstem consists of the midbrain, the pons, and the medulla oblongata. (wikipedia.org)
  • The cranial nerve nuclei are a series of bilateral grey matter motor and sensory nuclei located in the midbrain , pons and medulla that are the collections of afferent and efferent cell bodies for many of the cranial nerves . (radiopaedia.org)
  • The hypoglossal nuclei , exist as paired nuclei within the medulla oblongata that provide motor innervation to the intrinsic and extrinsic muscles of the tongue (excluding palatoglossus) via the hypoglossal nerve . (radiopaedia.org)
  • The hypoglossal nuclei are located within the tegmentum of upper medulla close to the midline, lying deep to the hypoglossal trigone , or hypoglossal triangle, which is the medial eminence of the floor of the fourth ventricle , inferior to the stria medullaris 1 . (radiopaedia.org)
  • Each nucleus is approximately 2 cm in length, extending beyond the limits of the hypoglossal trigone into the region of the closed medulla. (radiopaedia.org)
  • Fibers pass anteriorly between the inferior olivary nucleus and pyramid and exit the medulla as the hypoglossal nerve between the pyramid and olive. (radiopaedia.org)
  • They lie ventral and medial to the dorsal vagal nucleus . (radiopaedia.org)
  • Extensive interconnections exist between many of these nuclei, as well as with other brainstem nuclei and white matter tracts, such as the medial lemniscus and medial longitudinal fasciculus . (radiopaedia.org)
  • Functionally, the nuclei can be divided dorsally and ventrally, and into medial and lateral components to achieve a musculotopic organization of the motor neurons within. (radiopaedia.org)
  • The nuclei contain large motor neurons and myelinated fibers of the hypoglossal nerve, innervating the intrinsic and extrinsic tongue muscles , excluding palatoglossus 1,2 which is innervated by the vagus nerve . (radiopaedia.org)
  • the limbic structures, including the amygdalae and the hippocampi, the claustrum, the various nuclei of the basal ganglia, the basal forebrain structures, and the three circumventricular organs. (wikipedia.org)
  • Other nuclei, however, are long and span several regions of the brainstem contributing to several cranial nerves. (radiopaedia.org)
  • Several motor and sensory nuclei form longitudinal columns in the brainstem, leading to some authors describing them as single discontinuous longitudinal nuclear columns rather than the more numerous individual separate nuclei. (radiopaedia.org)
  • The hypoglossal nucleus receives corticonuclear fibers , from the precentral gyrus and adjoining areas from both the ipsilateral and contralateral cerebral hemispheres, however primarily from the latter 1 . (radiopaedia.org)
  • Some nuclei are small and contribute to a single cranial nerve, such as some of the motor nuclei. (radiopaedia.org)
  • In the hypothalamus and adjacent regions the nomenclature is mainly derived from Saper ( The Human Nervous System, Volume 17 , 2004, p.513). (brainmaps.org)
  • The limbic system is involved in lower order emotional processing of input from sensory systems and consists of the amygdala , mammillary bodies , stria medullaris , central gray and dorsal and ventral nuclei of Gudden. (wikipedia.org)
  • It extends from the caudal lower pons inferiorly through the medulla to the level of the upper cervical cord (approximately C2 to C3 levels) where it becomes continuous with the dorsal horn of the spinal cord. (radiopaedia.org)
  • An aggregation of cells in the middle hypothalamus dorsal to the ventromedial nucleus and bordering the third ventricle. (nih.gov)
  • The spinal nucleus lies ventral to the vestibular and cochlear nuclei and medial to the inferior cerebellar peduncles . (radiopaedia.org)
  • A nucleus located in the middle hypothalamus in the most ventral part of the third ventricle near the entrance of the infundibular recess. (nih.gov)
  • After tracer injections into the inferior olive, labeled somata were observed bilaterally in the pretectum, nucleus Ruber , principal sensory trigeminal nucleus, descending trigeminal nucleus, inferior reticular formation, and cerebellar valvula. (brainmaps.org)
  • It contains the lateral hypothalamic nucleus, tuberomammillary nucleus, lateral tuberal nuclei, and fibers of the medial forebrain bundle. (nih.gov)
  • It was shown that the cortical representation area of the forelimbs projected to the whole rostro - caudal extension of the nucleus Ruber . (brainmaps.org)
  • Number of efferent fibers terminating in rostral border of nucleus Ruber , was almost two times grater than that in the caudal third. (brainmaps.org)
  • The efferent fibers of the hindlimb area were found not to project to the rostral two thirds of nucleus Ruber , and were found to terminate only in its caudal third. (brainmaps.org)
  • The quantity of these projecting corticorubral fibers is equal to that projecting from cortical representation of the forelimbs to caudal third of nucleus Ruber . (brainmaps.org)
  • The spinal nucleus of the trigeminal nerve is one of three major nuclei that make up the trigeminal sensory nerve nuclear complex along with the main sensory nucleus and the mesencephalic nucleus 1-2 . (radiopaedia.org)
  • The spinal nucleus of the trigeminal nerve is a paired structure and is an inferior continuation of the main sensory nucleus of the trigeminal nerve. (radiopaedia.org)
  • Neuroanatomy, Nucleus Trigeminal. (radiopaedia.org)
  • Principal sensory trigeminal and valvular afferents exhibited a clear contralateral preponderance, while afferents from the nucleus Ruber were predominantly ipsilateral. (brainmaps.org)
  • the limbic structures, including the amygdalae and the hippocampi, the claustrum, the various nuclei of the basal ganglia, the basal forebrain structures, and the three circumventricular organs. (wikipedia.org)
  • The limbic system , also known as the paleomammalian cortex , is a set of brain structures located on both sides of the thalamus , immediately beneath the medial temporal lobe of the cerebrum primarily in the forebrain . (wikipedia.org)
  • In-situ hybridization with emulsion autoradiography demonstrated MHC class I mRNA in distinct pyramidal neurons of cortex and hippocampus, in granule neurons of the dentate gyrus, in dopaminergic neurons of substantia nigra and in motor neurons of nucleus Ruber . (brainmaps.org)
  • Interestingly, in marmoset monkeys that were immunosuppressed with FK506 (tacrolimus), expression of neuronal MHC class I proteins, which could be detected with MRC-Ox18, was either very low (neocortex, nucleus Ruber , substantia nigra) or absent (hippocampus). (brainmaps.org)
  • Labeled terminals were seen in the ipsilateral nucleus pretectalis superficialis pars parvocellularis (PSp), optic tectum, and bilateral nucleus Ruber . (brainmaps.org)
  • Quantitative analysis of the corticorubral fibers distribution was performed after point electrolytic destruction of lateral and medial borders of posterior sigmoid gyrus, which are the motor representations of the forelimb and hindlimb areas in the nucleus Ruber of the cat. (brainmaps.org)
  • The spinal nucleus receives afferent impulses from the ipsilateral face which convey information about pain, temperature and crude touch. (radiopaedia.org)
  • In addition, the present study revealed a previously unknown afferent from the nucleus Ruber to the percomorph nucleus isthmi. (brainmaps.org)
  • The part of the hypothalamus posterior to the middle region consisting of several nuclei including the medial mamillary nucleus, lateral mamillary nucleus, and posterior hypothalamic nucleus (posterior hypothalamic area). (nih.gov)
  • Injections of biotinylated dextran amine (BDA) or biocytin to the carp nucleus isthmi labeled cells in the ipsilateral optic tectum and nucleus Ruber of Goldstein [ 1905]. (brainmaps.org)
  • Thus the nucleus isthmi has reciprocal fiber connections with the ipsilateral optic tectum, receives projections from the ipsilateral nucleus Ruber , and projects to the ipsilateral PSp. (brainmaps.org)
  • Hypothalamic nucleus overlying the beginning of the optic tract. (nih.gov)
  • Loose heterogeneous collection of cells in the anterior hypothalamus, continuous rostrally with the medial and lateral preoptic areas and caudally with the tuber cinereum. (nih.gov)
  • The artery is surrounded by a plexus of sympathetic nerves from the superior cervical ganglion . (radiopaedia.org)
  • A nucleus of the middle hypothalamus, the largest cell group of the tuberal region with small-to-medium size cells. (nih.gov)