Polyurethanes isocyanates. Medical search. Frequent questions

Isocyanate is one of the components in broadly all foam products, such as foam mattresses, inner liners in cars, cushioning in car seats, chairs, and sofas. (bamboobatu.com)
polyurethane foam, and plastics. (cdc.gov)
Spray polyurethane foam-commonly referred to as SPF-is a case in point. (cdc.gov)
As popular as it has become, however, much remains unknown about spray polyurethane foam-specifically the health implications of its amines, glycols, and phosphate upon workers. (cdc.gov)
Polyurethane foam has a high R-factor (or R-value), so it resists the flow of heat and, when used as insulation, increases a building's energy efficiency. (cdc.gov)
Spray polyurethane foam is applied as a liquid but expands as it dries. (cdc.gov)
The hazards of MDI are well-documented and their exposure limits have been established However, the known hazards for spray polyurethane foam only take into account the first part of the mixture-the MDI. (cdc.gov)
In our labs we've done tracer gas studies, simulating potential exposures to spray polyurethane foam components, but to make the science useful for SPF installers, we need partners to help us collect on-site air samples. (cdc.gov)
Please contact NIOSH to advance the science behind spray polyurethane foam insulation. (cdc.gov)
These kinds of codes can affect demand for polyurethane spray foam insulation and other building chemicals. (icis.com)
If states pick looser standards, that could allow builders to use materials other than polyurethane spray foam as insulation. (icis.com)
Occupational exposure normally occurs during the production and use of isocyanates-particularly during the mixing and foaming processes in the polyurethane foam industry. (cdc.gov)
INSUL-TEK' 250 FRP utilizes the most energy efficient insulation available today, isocyanate polyurethane foam. (aecinfo.com)
Foam insulations commonly contain toxic flame retardants, and spray foam contains asthma -causing isocyanates. (healthybuilding.net)
In order to achieve insulation and air sealing, while avoiding spray polyurethane foam, use a combination of lower hazard sealants (such as acrylic caulk or foam sealant tape) and insulation (such as fiberglass or cellulose). (healthybuilding.net)
Polyurethane Foam: What Is It? (iqsdirectory.com)
Polyurethane foam is a porous, cellular-structured, synthetic material made from the reaction of polyols and diisocyanates. (iqsdirectory.com)
Polyurethane foams are sometimes referred to as foam rubber, a broader type of material that include foams made from latex, neoprene, and silicone. (iqsdirectory.com)
The first patent for flexible polyurethane foam preparation was obtained by Zaunbrecher and Barth in 1942. (iqsdirectory.com)
The flexible polyurethane foam was created through simultaneous polyurethane synthesis and gas generation by combining organic toluene diisocyanate (TDI), aliphatic polyester, water, and catalyst. (iqsdirectory.com)
Initially, polyurethane foam production was done in a two-step process. (iqsdirectory.com)
Microcellular Polyurethane Foam has a fine cellular structure with a density of 0.25 grams to 0.65 grams per cubic centimeter. (iqsdirectory.com)
Many workers - especially in auto body repair, foam manufacturing, and some types of construction - are exposed to isocyanates, a component of many polyurethane systems. (ilpi.com)
Isocyanates are used in automotive paint, spray-on truck bed linings, adhesives, orthopedic casts, shipping foams, polyurethane cushioning, industrial coatings, and in spray polyurethane foam (SPF) used to insulate walls and roofs. (ilpi.com)
Spray foam insulation is a polyurethane and isocyanate insulation that expands as it is sprayed. (paylessinsulation.com)
Isocyanates used in polyurethane paints and foam are commonly associated with asthma. (medscape.com)

ISO 14896:2009 specifies two methods for the measurement of the isocyanate content of aromatic isocyanates used as polyurethane raw materials. (iso.org)
ISO 26603:2008 is used to determine the total chlorine content of aromatic isocyanates used in the preparation of polyurethanes. (iso.org)

Blocked Isocyanates: OEM -Industrial Coatings" (PDF). (wikipedia.org)
Apply One-component baking coatings, inks and adhesives of various polyurethane types. (ohans.com)
Polyurethane coatings that do not have free isocyanate groups in their monomers or pre-polymers. (sbir.gov)
These coatings consist of an isocyanate reactant and a hydroxyl bearing component that combine to produce a very durable and resistant film. (sae.org)
Polyurethanes and polyureas are polymers frequently used to manufacture protective coatings and linings . (corrosionpedia.com)
For a case study in the use of a aliphatic polyurethane coating, read Using Modern Coatings to Restore Historical New York Landmarks . (corrosionpedia.com)
This comprehensive guide is an essential resource for professionals working in industries that use isocyanates in the manufacturing of polyurethanes, foams, coatings, adhesives, and other materials. (novapublishers.com)

Method B is applicable to refined, crude or modified isocyanates derived from toluene diisocyanate, methylene-bis-(4-phenylisocyanate) and polymethylene polyphenylisocyanate. (iso.org)
The most commonly used diisocyanates include methylenebis(phenyl isocyanate) (MDI), toluene diisocyanate (TDI), and hexamethylene diisocyanate (HDI). (cdc.gov)
The most common of these are toluene diisocyanate (TDI), methylene bisphenyl isocyanate (MDI), and hexamethylene diisocyanate (HDI). (cdc.gov)

Bostik is a global leader in one-component Polyurethane Hot Melt adhesives and sealants, often called 1KPU or 1KPUR. (bostik.com)
Polyurethane has been used in adhesives since the 1950s. (bostik.com)
They are classified as one- or two-component polyurethane adhesives, and each category contains several different types of adhesives. (bostik.com)
Reactive one-component polyurethane adhesives have isocyanate functions, which react with atmospheric moisture, or moisture in the substrate. (bostik.com)
One-component Polyurethane adhesives do not require pre-mixing before application, unlike two-component polyurethane adhesives. (bostik.com)
What are the different kinds of one-component reactive Polyurethane Adhesives and Sealants? (bostik.com)
When based on hot melt technology, Bostik's one-component polyurethane adhesives can be reactive, amorphous or crystalline. (bostik.com)
Bostik proposes a complete range of liquid polyurethane adhesives providing high strength for a stong bond, fast curing for fast production, and washing resistance fo a reliable adhesive force, even in humid environments. (bostik.com)
Liquid polyurethane adhesives can be used in sandwich panels for construction and transport, flexible packaging for paper lid laminates, agglomeration of corks, scrubs, and others. (bostik.com)
Within the family of HMPUR, there are amorphous and crystalline one-component polyurethane adhesives. (bostik.com)
o Crystalline polyurethane adhesives can be used in the automotive industry for rigid bonding surfaces (automotive plastic, carpet, etc. (bostik.com)

A study of the potential use of renewable resources to produce polyols, which in turn are used to produce polyurethane. (thermtest.com)
A blocked isocyanate can be added to materials that would normally react with the isocyanate such as polyols. (wikipedia.org)
Polyurethanes are complicated systems made up of isocyanates, polyols, additives, catalysts and blowing agents. (icis.com)
We cover isocyanates, propylene oxide, propylene glycols and polyols. (argusmedia.com)
Since then, polyether polyols have become the major polyols in the polyurethane manufacturing industry. (iqsdirectory.com)
Further refining of blowing agents, polyether polyols, and polymeric isocyanates led to the advancement from flexible polyurethane foams to rigid polyurethane foams. (iqsdirectory.com)
Flexible polyurethane foams can be made slabstock or molding processes from either polyether or polyester polyols. (iqsdirectory.com)

The survey was requested by a construction union to evaluate employee exposures to isocyanates during floor waterproofing operations. (cdc.gov)
Significant exposures to methyl isocyanate occur primarily in occupational settings. (cdc.gov)
Exposures to airborne isocyanates may also occur from the melting or burning of polyurethane foams during fire fighting. (cdc.gov)
OHB materials and resources provide information on health hazards from isocyanates and ways to minimize workplace exposures. (ilpi.com)

Exposure to low levels of methyl isocyanate can cause eye and throat irritation. (cdc.gov)
People exposed to high levels of methyl isocyanate in the air have experienced severe lung and eye damage. (cdc.gov)
Children exposed to the same levels of methyl isocyanate as adults may receive larger doses because they have relatively greater lung surface area:body weight ratios and higher minute volume:weight ratios. (cdc.gov)
In addition, they may be exposed to higher levels than adults in the same location because of their short stature and the higher levels of methyl isocyanate found nearer to the ground. (cdc.gov)

Long-term exposure to methyl isocyanate could result in long-term lung damage. (cdc.gov)
studies indicate that fetal exposure to methyl isocyanate may result in damage to the fetus. (cdc.gov)
Inhalation is the major route of exposure to methyl isocyanate. (cdc.gov)
Acute exposure to methyl isocyanate vapors below the odor threshold can be irritating to the eye and respiratory epithelium. (cdc.gov)
Significant exposure to methyl isocyanate vapors would most likely be the result of accidental release of methyl isocyanate to the air such as occurred in Bhopal, India in 1984, where the primary effect was pulmonary edema with some alveolar wall destruction. (cdc.gov)
Significant dermal exposure to methyl isocyanate would not likely occur outside an occupational environment in which methyl isocyanate is stored or used. (cdc.gov)

The huge gas phase of polyurethane foams has good thermal and acoustic insulation, high force absorption, low density, and flexibility. (iqsdirectory.com)
This makes rigid polyurethane foams suitable as construction and insulation material. (iqsdirectory.com)

Polyurethane foams and plastics are widely used in the furniture, building, life sciences, and automotive markets due to their low-permeability, chemical resistance, and elasticity and toughness. (clemson.edu)
It is also used to produce polyurethane foams and plastics. (cdc.gov)
One exciting area, for example, is that we have found an eco-friendlier way to produce polyurethane, which is used in applications such as plastics, foams and glues. (lu.se)

To simultaneously form films while synthesizing solvent-free and catalyst-free bio-based polyurethanes, hexamethylene diisocyanate trimer was selected as an isocyanate group source to produce a low-viscosity reaction medium for dispersing high contents of microcrystalline cellulose (MCC, polyol) and cellulose nanocrystals (CNC). (bvsalud.org)

Other aromatic isocyanates may be analysed by this method if precautions are taken to verify suitability. (iso.org)
A previous study, has successfully evaluated pultrudable PU with aromatic isocyanate and soy-based polyol (with 20% soy content). (trb.org)
Aliphatic PU resins provide improved UV resistance but exhibit lower mechanical performance in comparison to aromatic polyurethanes. (trb.org)
In the proposed work, we will investigate pultrudable PU resin systems with aromatic and aliphatic isocyanates, and soy-polyol. (trb.org)
The cure kinetics of polyurethanes will be studied by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and the reaction rates of the aliphatic and aromatic polyurethanes will be compared. (trb.org)
Aromatic polyurethanes are resistant to UV attack and are used in exterior coating formulations, and the aliphatic polyurethanes are extremely tough with better resistance than the aliphatic types, but they will chalk rapidly in UV light. (corrosionpedia.com)

Methyl isocyanate gas is degraded rapidly in the air by reacting use the chemical may breathe in low levels of it. (cdc.gov)
An increased rate of neonatal death was seen in babies whose mothers had been exposed during pregnancy to If you were to get methyl isocyanate gas or liquid on your methyl isocyanate gas when a tank containing the chemical skin or in your eyes, you could develop chemical burns. (cdc.gov)
Persons exposed only to methyl isocyanate gas pose no risk of secondary contamination. (cdc.gov)

Isocyanates are a family of highly reactive, low molecular weight chemicals. (cdc.gov)
Area and breathing zone samples were analyzed for monomeric isocyanates, total reactive isocyanate group (TRIG) compounds, and organic solvents at Pennsylvania Hospital (SIC-1542, SIC-1799), Philadelphia, Pennsylvania in March, 1984. (cdc.gov)
Isocyanates are highly reactive compounds used in the production of polyurethane. (dissertations.se)
Reactive hot-melt polyurethane adhesive (HMPUR) is a 100 % solids content, solvent-free adhesive. (bostik.com)

Blocked isocyanates are organic compounds that have their isocyanate functionality chemically blocked to control reactivity. (wikipedia.org)
As with regular isocyanates organometallic compounds and tertiary amines may lower the unblocking temperature. (wikipedia.org)
To combat this, Clemson University inventors have developed a synthesis of polyurethane that replaces the use of toxic compounds. (clemson.edu)
Both test methods are applicable to a variety of organic compounds, including aliphatic isocyanates, but the amount of sample used might need to be adjusted. (iso.org)
The most widely used compounds are diisocyanates, which contain two isocyanate groups, and polyisocyanates, which are usually derived from diisocyanates and may contain several isocyanate groups. (cdc.gov)
It provides a thorough understanding of the potential health hazards posed by isocyanates and offers practical insights into reducing occupational exposure to these compounds through effective airborne and biological monitoring techniques. (novapublishers.com)

The isocyanate-free polyurethanes were based on polyhydroxyurethanes (PHUs) prepared from depolymerized native lignin, which we refer to as lignin hydrogenolysis oil (LHO). (bvsalud.org)

Occupational exposure standards for isocyanates are based on respiratory irritation and sensitization and carcinogenesis. (cdc.gov)
The book covers the latest policies and occupational exposure standards for isocyanates, making it relevant for an international audience. (novapublishers.com)

DLF-70 is solvent based blocked aliphatic isocyanate product base on HDI, used as hardener for one-component PU coating. (doxuchem.com)

Novel nano-cellulose based nano-structures modified with hyper-branched polymers were prepared by using isocyanate linking chemistry. (4spe.org)
Polyurethane polymers are found in a wide range of material applications. (bvsalud.org)

Sodium bisulfite 85 °C Diethyl malonate = 110 °C 3,5-Dimethylpyrazole = 115 °C MEKO = 135 °C Phenol = 150 °C Caprolactam = 170 °C Catalysts also have a role in the unblocking of blocked isocyanates. (wikipedia.org)
The polyurethane reaction is sensitive to low temperatures and moisture due to the addition of catalysts. (corrosionpedia.com)

Below is a table with general property info for a given type of polyurethane system. (manufacturing.net)

The two main types of polyurethane foams are flexible and rigid polyurethane foams. (iqsdirectory.com)
Rigid polyurethane foams are denser and have a high percentage of closed cells. (iqsdirectory.com)
Rigid polyurethane foams can also be manufactured through slabstock and molding processes, with the addition of lamination and spraying. (iqsdirectory.com)

This poster provides helpful tips on protecting workers from the hazards of isocyanate exposure during spray-on truck bedliner applications. (cdc.gov)

In 2003, a male in his mid-40s died of an acute asthmatic reaction approximately 1 hr after he sprayed the inside of a cargo van with an isocyanate-containing truck bedliner. (cdc.gov)

In the case where the fluid is air or a water-based material, a polyether polyurethane should be used. (manufacturing.net)
Both are based on a two-component system , and the curing mechanisms is by co-reaction, where isocyanate is a common component, and the second component is a polyether polyamine for polyureas, while polyether polyol is for polyurethane (see Figure 1). (corrosionpedia.com)

Workers potentially exposed to isocyanates who experience persistent or recurring eye irritation, nasal congestion, dry or sore throat, cold-like symptoms, cough, shortness of breath, wheezing, or chest tightness should see a physician knowledgeable in work-related health problems. (cdc.gov)
Direct contact with liquid or concentrated vapors of methyl isocyanate may cause irritation of the skin or eyes and severe ocular damage. (cdc.gov)
Although unlikely, ingestion of liquid methyl isocyanate could produce severe gastrointestinal irritation. (cdc.gov)

In this report, diisocyanates as a group will be referred to as isocyanates. (cdc.gov)

Polymeric tannin/furanic foams fortified with polyurethane (PUR) and 4,4' diphenylmethane diisocyanate (pMDI) were prepared. (thermtest.com)

Nowadays, the chemical industry is looking for sustainable chemicals to synthesize nanocomposite bio-based polyurethane foams, PUs, with the aim to replace the conventional petrochemical precursors. (mdpi.com)
The problem with these broad definitions is that they can include hydrofluoroolefins (HFOs), a family of chemicals used as refrigerants and as blowing agents in polyurethane foams. (icis.com)
The journey from base chemicals such as propylene or benzene to end-use polyurethanes involves multiple steps and chemical products. (argusmedia.com)
Worker in protective suit, full-face respirator and gloves spraying polyurethaneBreathing in isocyanates, or even getting these chemicals on skin, can cause asthma. (ilpi.com)

The thermal, thermo-mechanical, and shape memory properties of thermoplastic polyurethane were studied by means of differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA), and various practical experiments. (mdpi.com)

SUPASEAL PU is a Low Modulus, Hybrid Polyurethane flexible joint sealant and adhesive that is free of Isocyanates and other hazardous raw materials. (silicone.com.au)
Supaseal PU is the first choice when looking for a professional polyurethane sealant. (silicone.com.au)
SUPASEAL PU is a Low Modulus, Hybrid Polyurethane sealant. (silicone.com.au)
A flexible joint sealant and adhesive that is free of Isocyanates and other hazardous raw materials and omits low odour. (silicone.com.au)
When using a polyurethane sealant for your next project, be sure to ask for SUPASEAL PU. (silicone.com.au)
Polyurethane, isocyanate sealant. (royal-chem.com)

When blocked, there is no isocyanate (NCO) functionality, so it is much easier to disperse the species in water if the desire is to produce waterborne resins. (wikipedia.org)
Polyurethane (PU) resin systems exhibit superior strength and damage tolerance relative to unsaturated polyester and vinylester pultrusion resins. (trb.org)
Isolation of tannins and carbohydrates from forestry waste to turn them into bio-phenolic resins for wooden panels and isocyanate-free polyurethanes (PU) for insulating foams, respectively. (europa.eu)

At temperatures below 39ºC (102ºF), methyl isocyanate is a very flammable colorless liquid that readily evaporates when exposed to air. (cdc.gov)
Methyl isocyanate liquid is colorless with a pungent odor. (cdc.gov)

A formulation containing a blocked isocyanate is a single component material (and thus usually considered more convenient) but reacts like a two-component product but will not react until heated to the temperature required for activation which varies depending on the blocking agent. (wikipedia.org)
Using a high level of biomass in the formulation and developing the conditions for its chemical recycling, this technology enables a sustainable polyurethane in a market dominated by the challenge of persistent plastic waste in the environment. (clemson.edu)
Proper mix ratio - Modern meter mix machinery assures the proper ratio of isocyanates to the curing agent, which is critical to achieving peak performance in the formulation of polyurethane. (casterconcepts.com)

Isocyanates can also sensitize workers, making them subject to severe asthma attacks if they are exposed again. (cdc.gov)
Continued exposure to isocyanates can make the asthma worse. (ilpi.com)
Background Isocyanate exposure is the most common cause of work-related asthma. (cdc.gov)

All isocyanates are hazardous, and the vapours should not be inhaled. (bamboobatu.com)
Odors of methyl isocyanate may not provide adequate warning of hazardous concentrations because the Immediately Dangerous to Life or Health (IDLH) limit is only 3 ppm and the threshold for detection of methyl isocyanate vapors ranges from 2 to 5 ppm in humans. (cdc.gov)

It also highlights the rapid advances in analytical methods and new technologies, including modern analytical methods used to quantify isocyanate derivatives from both airborne and biological monitoring. (novapublishers.com)

The first polyurethane was formed by the reaction between a diamine-forming polyurea and an aliphatic diisocyanate. (iqsdirectory.com)
The polyurea was later replaced by glycol due to the enhanced properties of the polyurethane created. (iqsdirectory.com)
polyurea and polyurethane . (corrosionpedia.com)
Polyurea and polyurethane reactions. (corrosionpedia.com)
Spray-on bedliners have gained popularity in the two-component system, polyurethane (isocyanate and polyol) or polyurea (isocyanate and amine). (cdc.gov)
1Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, MIFACE, Michigan State (polyurethane) or amine (polyurea) component. (cdc.gov)

A blocked isocyanate is pumped into the rock/geological formation and then an organic compound with an active hydrogen is also pumped down. (wikipedia.org)

Isocyanates are powerful irritants to the mucous membranes of the eyes and gastrointestinal and respiratory tracts. (cdc.gov)
Methyl isocyanate is readily absorbed through the upper respiratory tract. (cdc.gov)
Exposure to isocyanates is mainly associated with respiratory disorders, but may also result in allergic contact dermatitis. (dissertations.se)

Throughout the project side reactions involving the formation of carbodiimide from CCC and a secondary route for the phosgenation of the urea to the isocyanate have been investigated and are presented within a global reaction scheme. (gla.ac.uk)
In this one-step process, polyurethane was formed by the reaction of the isocyanates with the hydroxyl-functional groups from the polyester, while its gas phase was formed by the generation of carbon dioxide. (iqsdirectory.com)
Polyurethanes can be synthesized during the polyaddition reaction by using suitable catalyst systems to increase the reaction time of the components. (corrosionpedia.com)
The polyurethane system is susceptible to blistering when the humidity is greater than 5% , due to the competition between hydroxyl-polyol and water for the reaction with an isocyanate group. (corrosionpedia.com)

Non-isocyanate polyurethane (NIPU) foams from a commercial hydrolysable tannin extract, chestnut wood tannin extract, have been prepared to determine what chemical species and products are taking part in the reactions involved. (techscience.com)
The choice of catalyst controls the selectivity of the targeted isocyanate reactions. (corrosionpedia.com)

The solid phase is made from polyurethane elastomer, while the gas phase is air brought about by blowing agents. (iqsdirectory.com)

Some isocyanates, however, contain additives which do not go well with bronze, so this solution must be rejected. (bamboobatu.com)

Fossil material is still the raw material for this product, but our new techniques do not need isocyanate, which is a toxic chemical. (lu.se)

Methyl isocyanate is used in the production of pesticides, smoke may be exposed to this compound. (cdc.gov)
The primary use of methyl isocyanate is as a chemical intermediate in the production of pesticides. (cdc.gov)
They comprise around 67% of global polyurethane production, with an estimated market of around $37.8 billion in 2020. (iqsdirectory.com)

Ether-Based Metric Polyurethane Tubing Specifications since ether-based PU tubing does not degrade when exposed to moisture, it is the only manufacturing base material that we utilize for our metric pneumatic polyurethane tubing products. (freelin-wade.com)

HIGHLIGHTS: People working in facilities that produce or use methyl isocyanate have the highest risk of being exposed to this chemical. (cdc.gov)

Blocked isocyanates are particularly useful in products with a dual cure mechanisms. (wikipedia.org)
Avoid products reacted on-site, like PMMA and polyurethane waterproofing. (healthybuilding.net)
For the polyurethane industry, developing another replacement is problematic because they already have gone through the complicated process of reformulating their products to make them compatible with HFOs. (icis.com)
The advent of polyurethane roughly 50 years ago revolutionized many industries and products, including heavy-duty industrial casters and wheels. (casterconcepts.com)
When the process is done right, polyurethane wheels are excellent, long-lasting products. (casterconcepts.com)
Conclusions This work-related fatality investigation demonstrates the need for isocyanate manufacturers/formulators to inform end users of their products of appropriate health and safety work practices associated with new technologies. (cdc.gov)

SAN ANTONIO (ICIS)-Some individual US states are considering restrictions on fluorinated materials that are so broad, they could threaten the use of the latest generation of refrigerants and blowing agents that are used by the polyurethanes industry. (icis.com)
Metric PU tubing is comprised of two types of materials, isocyanate and polyol. (freelin-wade.com)
These materials make up the structure of the two general classes of polyurethane tubing, ether-base and ester-base. (freelin-wade.com)

Heat exposure - While polyurethane is extremely tough when used properly, excessive heat will melt most polyurethane tires. (casterconcepts.com)

One worker who had a previous history of isocyanates exposure had a significant pre to post shift decrease in 1 second forced expiratory volume (FEV1) and FEV1/forced vital capacity ratio. (cdc.gov)
In 2003, a worker died after he sprayed a polyurethane developed an acute asthmatic attack at work. (cdc.gov)

Persons whose skin or clothing is contaminated with liquid methyl isocyanate can secondarily contaminate rescuers by direct contact or through offgassing of vapor. (cdc.gov)

You are not likely to come into skin contact with liquid methyl isocyanate. (cdc.gov)
Is there a medical test to show whether I've been containing liquid methyl isocyanate. (cdc.gov)
Methyl isocyanate is handled and transported as a very flammable and explosive liquid. (cdc.gov)
exposure may also occur through skin contact during the handling of liquid isocyanates. (cdc.gov)

Physical properties - Polyurethanes used for industrial applications require higher physical properties. (casterconcepts.com)

Diseases2

Chemicals and Drugs16

Technology, Industry, Agriculture8

Health Care3

Foam26

Content of aromatic isocyanates2

Coatings7

Toluene diisocyanate3

Adhesives11

Polyols7

Exposures4

Levels of methyl isocyanate4

Exposure to methyl isocyanate6

Insulation2

Plastics3

Hexamethylene diisocyanate1

Aromatic6

Methyl isocyanate gas3

Reactive4

Compounds6

Lignin1

Standards for isocyanates2

Aliphatic isocyanate1

Polymers2

Catalysts2

Type of polyurethane1

Rigid3

Hazards1

Truck bedliner1

Polyether2

Irritation3

Diisocyanates1

Diphenylmethane diisocyanate1

Chemicals4

Differential scanning ca1

Sealant6

Resins3

Colorless2

Formulation3

Asthma3

Hazardous2

Derivatives1

Polyurea6

Organic1

Respiratory3

Reaction4

Reactions2

Elastomer1

Additives1

Toxic1

Production3

Moisture1

Chemical1

Products6

Materials3

Extremely tough1

Worker2

Vapor1

Liquid4

Physical Properties1