Polysaccharides bacterial capsules. Medical search. Frequent questions

With those exceptions, strains within this genus ferment lactose, most produce highly mucoid colonies on plates because of the production of a luxuriant polysaccharide capsule, and all are nonmotile. (medscape.com)
S. pneumoniae bacterial strains are cloaked by a polysaccharide capsule that protects them from phagocytic cells in the lungs and blood during lung infections. (sciencedaily.com)
To investigate whether nonencapsulated S. suis can restore the ability to express the capsule and become virulent again, we repeated in vitro or in vivo passages of nonencapsulated S. suis and attempted to retrieve capsule-recovered strains. (cdc.gov)
for example, capsule mutants are rapidly eliminated, while the PLY-deficient strains still cause meningitis but with a greatly reduced lethality and a milder disease course. (biomedcentral.com)
I also thank Mr. Phan Cong Hoang for helpful discussions during the preparation of this thesis report and for providing the bacterial strains. (termpaperwarehouse.com)
The efficacy of the recombinant B1dep depolymerase was tested by spotting on K. pneumoniae strains and it was confirmed that the extract lowers the thickness of the bacterium lawn as it degrades the protective capsule on bacterial cells. (kovacstamas.com)
Higher fermentation yields of exopolysaccharides have occurred as a result of improvements and alterations of bacterial strains, and better understanding of bacterial biosynthesis and optimization of fermentation conditions. (justia.com)
Bacterial strains from the genus Shpingomonas produce exopolysaccharides which remain attached to the cell surface (Pollock et al. (justia.com)
ProbioBalance by Aliness® KIDS Balance are specially selected bacterial strains dedicated to children from the age of 1. (aliness.co.uk)
Some H influenzae strains have no capsule and are termed nonencapsulated H influenzae or nontypeable H influenzae (NTHi). (medscape.com)
Strains that produce K-antigen capsule are more resistant to phagocytosis (4) and cause a spreading type of infection in a murine lesion model (5). (oscars2019info.com)

She recently landed a grant with colleague James Wachira to study substrate selection by capsule polymerases, and she also is interested in developing vaccines that target the meningitis-causing bacteria Neisseria meningitidis. (asbmb.org)
The cholesterol-dependent cytolysin pneumolysin and the bacterial capsule are key pathogenic factors, known to exacerbate the course of pneumococcal meningitis. (biomedcentral.com)
Hi serotype b (Hib) was the most common cause of bacterial meningitis in children in the pre-Hib vaccine era, and secondary transmission of Hi among children (e.g., to household contacts and in child care facilities) ( 1 , 2 ) led to the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) recommendation for antibiotic chemoprophylaxis to prevent Hib disease in certain circumstances. (cdc.gov)
Before the introduction of Hib vaccines in the 1980s, Hib was the most common cause of bacterial meningitis in the United States, accounting for 95%-98% of all cases of invasive Hi disease ( 4 ). (cdc.gov)
Polysaccharide-encapsulated organisms are the leading cause of bacterial meningitis and pneumonia in children. (ox.ac.uk)
Meningococcal meningitis and septicaemia occur as a result of a systemic bacterial infection by Neisseria meningitidis . (healthcare-arena.co.uk)
Prior to the introduction of Haemophilus b conjugate vaccines, Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) was the most frequent cause of bacterial meningitis and a leading cause of serious, systemic bacterial disease in young children worldwide. (theodora.com)
Bacterial meningitis can be caused by several types of bacteria including Streptococcus pneumonia or Neisseria meningitidis ( N.meningitidis ). (biomedcentral.com)
ABSTRACT Neisseria meningitidis, a leading cause of bacterial meningitis and other serious infections, is responsible for approximately one-third of cases of bacterial meningitis in the Children's Hospital of Tunis. (who.int)

Many Streptococcus suis isolates from porcine endocarditis in slaughterhouses have lost their capsule and are considered avirulent. (cdc.gov)
Capsule recovery of Streptococcus suis strain NL119 in vivo. (cdc.gov)
In this work, we examined the effect of Streptococcus pneumoniae and its major pathogenic factors (the capsule and PLY) on microglial tissue migratory behavior in acute brain slices and in primary cultures. (biomedcentral.com)
sex pilus to attach to other bacteria Resistance increased by the type of cell wall, and presence of endospore, capsules, slime layers Toxin the lipopolysaccharide upper layer of Gram negative bacteria is released as toxins Taxonomy Domain : Bacteria Kingdom: Monera Phyla : Firmicutes Gram-Positive e.g. cocci Staphylococcus Streptococcus bacilli Lactobacillus Gracilicutes Gram-Negative e.g. cocci bacilli spirochete obligate intracellular parasites Tenericutes No Cell Wall e.g. (termpaperwarehouse.com)
Here, we developed a genetic glycoengineering platform by reprogramming the capsular polysaccharide pathways in Streptococcus pneumoniae to interrogate GT specificity and manipulate glycan structures. (bvsalud.org)
What special advantage does the capsule confer on the pathogen Streptococcus pneumoniae? (nursingassignmentscare.com)
bifidum BB01, Streptococcus thermophilus YO8, Bifidobacterium longum BL03, bacterial shell: glycerol esters of fatty acids, capsule shell (hydroxypropyl methylcellulose). (aliness.co.uk)

Mutants functionally deficient in vivo show no binding to K30 polymer in vitro.Apparently, Wzi is a novel outer-membrane lectin that assists in the formation of the bacterial capsule via direct interaction with capsular polysaccharides. (tcdb.org)
What are capsular polysaccharides(K antigens)? (iith.ac.in)
The capsular polysaccharides of E. coli have been well characterized and classified into four groups based on several factors, including biosynthetic gene locus and assembly mechanisms. (iith.ac.in)
The bacterial cell envelope consists of multiple layers, including the peptidoglycan cell wall, one or two membranes, and often an external layer composed of capsular polysaccharides (CPS) or other components. (bvsalud.org)

Effective vaccines produce antibodies that can bind to the capsule and help phagocytes engulf and destroy the bacteria, thus preventing disease and saving lives. (sciencedaily.com)
Generally, pathogen products used in subunit vaccines include purified or recombinant protein-inactivated bacterial toxins, or polysaccharides present on surface capsules. (medicaltrend.org)
Conjugate vaccines are made by combining polysaccharide residues in the bacterial surface capsule with carrier proteins (such as diphtheria toxoid protein). (medicaltrend.org)
Because the highest rates of disease occur in the first 2 years of life, efficacious Hib vaccines have been designed by covalently linking the PRP capsule to a carrier protein that recruits T-cell help for the polysaccharide immune response and induces anti-PRP antibody production even in the first 6 months of life. (ox.ac.uk)
Introduction of Hib protein-polysaccharide conjugate vaccines into many industrialized countries over the past 15 years has resulted in the virtual elimination of invasive Hib disease. (ox.ac.uk)
Maintaining protection against invasive bacteria with protein-polysaccharide conjugate vaccines. (ox.ac.uk)
The use of protein-polysaccharide conjugate vaccines in developed countries over the past two decades has markedly decreased the burden of disease and mortality from these organisms through direct protection of the immunized and through herd immunity. (ox.ac.uk)
The outer polysaccharide capsule and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) antigens are key targets for novel control strategies targeting Klebsiella pneumoniae and related taxa from the K. pneumoniae species complex (KpSC), including vaccines, phage and monoclonal antibody therapies. (microbiologyresearch.org)
However, the evolutionary dynamics of the capsule - the target of the currently used vaccines - remains not fully understood. (ox.ac.uk)
Vaccines derived from PRP alone (polysaccharide vaccines) were developed in the 1970s. (cdc.gov)

Both classic-pathway and alternate-pathway complement activation have been described, but the latter, which does not require the presence of immunoglobulins directed against bacterial antigens, appears to be the more active pathway in K pneumoniae infections. (medscape.com)
Most bacterial pathogens responsible for such infections are enclosed by polysaccharide capsules that protect them from phagocytosis and complement- mediated killing, ensuring their persistence on the respiratory mucosa and survival in the bloodstream and deep body tissues. (cdc.gov)
It is a member of the ESKAPE group, which is the main bacterial group that causes infections in humans [ 12 ], and has been recently ranked as a bacterium that poses the greatest health threat by World Health Organization [ 13 ]. (pfmjournal.org)
Felix d'Herelle first coined the term "bacteriophage" ( 4 ), literally meaning "bacterium eater," and began using phages to treat bacterial infections in human patients ( Fig. 1 ). (asm.org)
2nd most common bacterial STI STI Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) are infections that spread either by vaginal intercourse, anal sex, or oral sex. (lecturio.com)

Our data indicate that microglia possess the capacity for a very agile response towards bacterial pathogens, but key pathogenic factors, such as pneumococcal capsules and pneumolysin, inhibited this response shortly after a bacterial challenge. (biomedcentral.com)
During the 1950s, S aureus and E coli were the most common bacterial pathogens among neonates in the United States. (medscape.com)

The capsule of this Gram-negative bacterium is a dominant virulence factor, with a prominent role in defense and biofilm formation. (kovacstamas.com)
Capsule is usually synthesized in the cytoplasm and secreted outside of the cell to surround the bacterium. (microbiologynotes.org)

Like other polysaccharides, the polyribosyl ribitol phosphate (PRP) of the Hib capsule is a T-independent antigen and not immunogenic when administered as a vaccine in infancy. (ox.ac.uk)

McCarthy, a glycobiologist, studies polysaccharide synthesis in bacterial capsules. (asbmb.org)
Many isolates from porcine endocarditis lost their capsule, and all the nonencapsulated isolates analyzed had mutations in the capsular polysaccharide synthesis ( cps ) genes ( 3 , 4 ). (cdc.gov)
A) The genetic organization of the S. suis serotype 2 capsular polysaccharide synthesis ( cps ) gene cluster and mutations observed in isolate NL119. (cdc.gov)
We propose that septal CPS synthesis is important for chain formation and complement evasion, thereby promoting bacterial survival inside the host. (bvsalud.org)
Our data indicate that the 77bpIR element is involved in modulating both LPS and capsule synthesis in (3). (oscars2019info.com)
Importantly, a capsule null mutant strain was shown to be a more potent inducer of cytokine synthesis by human gingival fibroblasts than the corresponding parent strain, indicating a role for capsule in cloaking against innate immune responses (3). (oscars2019info.com)
Although synthesis of capsule by is an important virulence determinant, UNC 2250 the regulatory mechanisms that control its synthesis have UNC 2250 not been determined. (oscars2019info.com)
Genes in the PG0104-PG0121 locus have been shown to be required for K1 capsule synthesis (19, 20). (oscars2019info.com)
Just recently, Ltp1 was shown to inactivate (dephosphorylate) the tyrosine kinase Ptk1, which in turn was shown to control levels of exopolysaccharide production in both strain 33277 and W83 (24), showing that this tyrosine kinase modulates production and export of extracellular polysaccharide in from a plasmid or deletion of the 77bpIR element alters the synthesis of surface. (oscars2019info.com)

One breakthrough was his finding that the then-accepted second-generation ELISA assay lacked specificity to quantitate human antibodies against pneumococcal polysaccharides. (sciencedaily.com)

We utilized live imaging and immunostaining of glial cells in dissociated and acute brain slice cultures to study the effect of pneumococcal factors, including the cholesterol-dependent cytolysin pneumolysin and the pneumococcal capsule, on microglial motility and taxis. (biomedcentral.com)
We also modified the pneumococcal capsule to produce several medically important mammalian glycans, as well as demonstrated the importance of regiochemistry in a glycosidic linkage on binding lung epithelial cells. (bvsalud.org)

These components are the Haemophilus influenzae type b capsular polysaccharide [polyribosylribitol phosphate (PRP)] that is covalently bound to an outer membrane protein complex (OMPC) of Neisseria meningitidis and hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) from recombinant yeast cultures. (theodora.com)
The polyribosylribitol phosphate (PRP) capsule of Hib is a major virulence factor for the organism. (cdc.gov)

the other is a capsular polysaccharide (K antigen). (medscape.com)
The outer membrane group 1 antigen capsule biogenesis/assembly protein, Wzi of 477 aas. (tcdb.org)
Both K-antigen capsule and LPS account for the serotype specificity of a particular strain. (oscars2019info.com)

The initial contact between the peptide and the target organism is electrostatic, as most bacterial surfaces are anionic, or hydrophobic, such as in the antimicrobial peptide Piscidin. (wikipedia.org)
This capsule encases the entire cell surface, accounts for the large appearance of the organism on gram stain, and provides resistance against many host defense mechanisms. (medscape.com)
This epidemiologic setting substantially differs from that of large families in that the latter include children of different ages and therefore, at any given time, only a fraction of siblings belong to the age group at enhanced risk for bacterial colonization and invasion, which limits the chances to acquire and transmit the organism. (cdc.gov)
During childhood, acquisition of antibody directed against the polysaccharide capsule of the organism, presumably as a result of asymptomatic carriage, confers protection and disease is much less common after the age of 4 years. (ox.ac.uk)
This organism has a polysaccharide capsule that apparently stimulates abscess formation. (msdmanuals.com)
Morbidity and mortality rates for anaerobic and mixed bacterial sepsis are as high as those for sepsis caused by a single aerobic organism. (msdmanuals.com)

2013 ). Mutagenesis experiments showed that specific extracellular loops are required for in vivo capsule assembly. (tcdb.org)
Bacterial extracellular polysaccharides (EPSs) play critical roles in virulence. (ox.ac.uk)

These isolates had the cps gene cluster of serotype 2 but had lost their capsule because of mutations in the cps genes ( Table ). (cdc.gov)
Here, using genetic data from 4,469 bacterial isolates, we foundcpsto be an evolutionary hotspot with elevated substitution and recombination rates. (ox.ac.uk)
Both isolates displayed a hydrophilic cell surface following the bacterial adherence to xylene assay. (biomedcentral.com)

Some capsules have a well-defined border, whereas others form a slime layer that trails off into the medium. (nih.gov)
Slime layer produce capsule in unfavorable condition. (foodtechnotes.com)
If the substances are unorganized and loosely attached to the cell wall, the capsule is called slime layer. (foodtechnotes.com)

Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) is one of the leading causes of invasive bacterial infection in young children worldwide. (ox.ac.uk)
Aetiology of invasive bacterial infection and antimicrobial resistance in neonates in sub-Saharan Africa: a systematic review and meta-analysis in line with the STROBE-NI reporting guidelines. (microbiologyresearch.org)
Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) is the leading cause of invasive bacterial disease among children in the United States. (cdc.gov)
Ninety-five percent of the cases of invasive H. influenzae disease among children less than 5 years of age are caused by organisms with the type b polysaccharide capsule. (cdc.gov)

A guinea pig model to assess the immunogenicity of a combination vaccine containing diphtheria, tetanus and acellular pertussis (DTaP) vaccine and Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) capsular polysaccharide conjugated to tetanus toxoid (HibT) was evaluated comparatively with the mouse immunogenicity test to study the effect of combining these antigens on the immunogenicity of various components. (rostlab.org)

Bacterial endospore are metabolically inactive and highly resistant structures that are produced by some bacteria to defend the unfavorable condition. (microbiologynotes.org)

Host defense against bacterial invasion depends on phagocytosis by polymorphonuclear granulocytes and the bactericidal effect of serum, mediated in large part by complement proteins. (medscape.com)

An envelope of loose gel surrounding a bacterial cell which is associated with the virulence of pathogenic bacteria. (nih.gov)
Many pathogenic bacteria encase themselves in a polysaccharide capsule that provides a barrier to the physical and immunological challenges of the host. (tcdb.org)
Pathogenic bacteria are bacteria that cause bacterial infection. (termpaperwarehouse.com)

Dietary supplement ProbioBalance by Aliness® KIDS Balance contains 5 billion bacteria in each capsule. (aliness.co.uk)
Dietary supplement ProbioBalance Rhamnosus GG Balance contains 5 billion live bacteria in one capsule. (eliveragroup.com)
One capsule contains 5 billion coated with a double lipid layer of live bacteria. (eliveragroup.com)

Lipopolysaccharide-binding protein facilitates transfer of bacterial cell wall components to inflammatory cells. (medscape.com)

Most capsules consist of relatively simple polysaccharides but there are some bacteria whose capsules are made of polypeptides. (nih.gov)
Capsules are usually made of polysaccharides but some capsules are made of polypeptides too. (microbiologynotes.org)

F' pilli help to transmit bacterial genetic material during bacterial mating. (foodtechnotes.com)

Vectors for such colonization may include vascular or urinary catheters, other indwelling lines, or contact with caregivers who have bacterial colonization. (medscape.com)

Ribosomes are made mostly of rRNA (ribosomal ribonucleic acid), and bacterial cells contain more than 50 associated proteins, whereas plant and animal cells contain 80 associated proteins. (visiblebody.com)
Oregon State University scientists have identified proteins that prevent a bacterial cell from becoming misguided by its own messaging, allowing it to instead wait for collective communication from its group. (news-medical.net)

The formula was enriched with plantain extract (acts as an auxiliary to the proper functioning of the intestine) and Fibregum ™ Bio LAW polysaccharide (prebiotic with low water activity, safe for bacteria, certified organic / Bio). (eliveragroup.com)

However, we retrieved capsule- and virulence-recovered S. suis after in vivo passages of a nonencapsulated strain in mice, suggesting that nonencapsulated S. suis are still potentially hazardous for persons in the swine industry. (cdc.gov)
Bacteriophages, which are specific for one bacterial strain and its capsule type, can evoke the lysis of bacterial cells, aided by polysaccharide depolymerase enzymes. (kovacstamas.com)
In the dietary supplement ProbioBalance Rhamnosus GG Balance, only one bacterial strain was used - Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG ATCC 53103. (eliveragroup.com)

Pneumonia vaccine creation is challenging because pneumococci have a welter of different capsule types. (sciencedaily.com)
Reconsideration of the use of meningococcal polysaccharide vaccine. (ox.ac.uk)
In terms of mechanism, the bacterial part used in the vaccine does not produce a strong immune response alone. (medicaltrend.org)
Epidemiological studies of the patients and controls revealed that all who developed pneumonia had no documented record of vaccination with the pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine (PPV). (nursingassignmentscare.com)

For children aged 2-10 years with underlying diseases associated with increased risk of meningococcal disease, unconjugated meningococcal polysaccharide (MPS) vaccination is still recommended. (ox.ac.uk)
Meningococcal classification is done according to the characteristics of the bacterial polysaccharide capsule, or by the sequence type (ST). Of the 12 identified capsular groups, groups B, C, W and Y are the most common in the UK (3,4). (healthcare-arena.co.uk)

0.2%), lanceolate - plant extract (Plantago Lanceolata), Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG ATCC 53103, bacterial coat: glycerol fatty acid esters, capsule shell (hydroxypropylmethyl cellulose). (eliveragroup.com)

They are able to activate complement, which causes selective deposition of C3b onto LPS molecules at sites distant from the bacterial cell membrane. (medscape.com)
This inhibits the formation of the membrane attack complex (C5b-C9), which prevents membrane damage and bacterial cell death. (medscape.com)
Dr. Nahm's impressive work in immunology, polysaccharide chemistry, cell biology, vaccinology and many different areas can be described as nothing short of pioneering. (sciencedaily.com)
The mechanism by which the capsule assembles around the bacterial cell is poorly understood. (tcdb.org)
A bacterial capsule surrounds the S. agalactiae cell. (pediaa.com)
Virulent or obligate lytic phages infect and quickly kill their bacterial host cell, whereas temperate or lysogenic phages may either stably integrate into their host's genome or enter into the lytic life cycle. (asm.org)
Results 9 4.7 Bacterial density in 3-L batch fermentation 9 4.8 Dry cell weight 9 4.9 Protein content 10 4.10 Lipid content 10 4.11 Protein digestibility 11 4. (termpaperwarehouse.com)
The peptidoglycan (PG) cell wall produced by the bacterial division machinery is initially shared between the daughters and must be split to promote cell separation and complete division. (bvsalud.org)
A polysaccharide, or sometimes a polypeptide layer, surrounding bacterial cells peripheral to the cell wall. (innvista.com)
Plant, bacterial or fungal cell with the cell wall removed using either mechanical or enzymatic means. (researchtweet.com)
More particularly, the bacteria of the present invention produce exopolysaccharides in a slime form that is unattached to the surface of the bacterial cell. (justia.com)
For example, partial hydrolysis of the polysaccharides with acid can be used to release most of the polysaccharide from the cells by randomly breaking the polymer chains near to the point of attachment to the cell. (justia.com)
The main principal of Maneval's method is to stain the background using acidic solutions (congo red stain) and stain the bacterial cell using Maneval stain. (microbiologynotes.org)
The morphology of bacterial cell includes characteristics such as size, shape, structure etc. (foodtechnotes.com)
By the discovery of electron microscope in early 1940's the study of structural bacterial cell has been made very easier. (foodtechnotes.com)
The morphological characteristic of a bacterial cell is as follows. (foodtechnotes.com)
Bacterial cell having less than one complete twist form. (foodtechnotes.com)
The flagella helps in swimming motility of the bacterial cell. (foodtechnotes.com)
Some bacterial cell are covered externally by a thin viscous substance which forms covering layer or envelope to the cell. (foodtechnotes.com)
Capsule is sticky in nature, appear as amorphous gelatinous area and is secreted from inner side of cell and gets firmly attached to the surface of cell wall. (foodtechnotes.com)
The role of cell-surface properties was investigated using hydrophobicity (bacterial adherence to hydrocarbons), autoaggregation and coaggregation assays. (biomedcentral.com)
Serologic grouping is based on antigenic differences in cell wall carbohydrates, in cell wall pili-associated protein, and in the polysaccharide capsule in group B streptococci. (up.ac.za)

With research pointing to anti-bacterial and anti-inflammatory effects, Agarikon Capsules include a full spectrum of constituents like polysaccharides, glycoproteins, ergosterols, triterpenoids, and other myco-nutrients that are essential to bolstering natural immunity. (essensy.com)

2013). Wzi is an outer membrane lectin that underpins group 1 capsule assembly in Escherichia coli . (tcdb.org)
2003). A novel outer membrane protein, Wzi, is involved in surface assembly of the Escherichia coli K30 group 1 capsule. (tcdb.org)
Unnatural N-acetylhexosamine analogs were metabolically incorporated into the capsule polysaccharides of Escherichia coli and Bacillus subtilis via bacterial metabolism. (icthuawei.com)

The capsule is composed of high molecular weight polysaccharides non-covalently attached to the bacterial surface. (iith.ac.in)
Attached to this core is a high-molecular-weight polysaccharide of one of UNC 2250 two clearly distinguishable types, generating two classes of LPS molecules (8, 9). (oscars2019info.com)

Bacteriophages (phages) are viruses capable of infecting and replicating within bacterial cells. (asm.org)
Researchers investigated whether a cocktail of bacteriophages coding for the depolymerase polysaccharide could effectively disrupt Klebsiella pneumoniae biofilms. (news-medical.net)

We identified the location of the capsule depolymerase gene of the new phage, which was amplified, cloned, expressed, and purified. (kovacstamas.com)

A nucleoside diphosphate sugar which serves as a source of glucuronic acid for polysaccharide biosynthesis. (lookformedical.com)

AMPs can possess multiple activities including anti-gram-positive bacterial, anti-gram-negative bacterial, anti-fungal, anti-viral, anti-parasitic, and anti cancer activities. (wikipedia.org)
They possess a polysaccharide capsule, which is the main determinant of their pathogenicity. (medscape.com)

The O-LPS consists of a repeating unit of four sugars, i.e., rhamnose, glucose, galactose, and either glucosamine or galactosamine (10, 11), while a novel anionic polysaccharide (APS) component, which is made up of a phosphorylated branched mannan, is attached to the core in the A-LPS molecule (9). (oscars2019info.com)

Instead of just one, pneumococci have 97 different capsule serotypes, seven of them discovered by Nahm. (sciencedaily.com)

Temperate phages are capable of protecting their host from phage reinfection and may change the bacterial phenotype through the expression of viral genes, a process known as lysogenic conversion ( 1 ). (asm.org)
however, which genes synthesize the different surface polysaccharides is not clear. (oscars2019info.com)

The capsule of S. suis is a major virulence factor ( 1 ). (cdc.gov)

Given the importance and growing interest in these highly diverse surface antigens, we had previously developed Kaptive, a tool for rapidly identifying and typing capsule (K) and outer LPS (O) loci from whole genome sequence data. (microbiologyresearch.org)

Bacterial organisms with increased antibiotic resistance have also emerged and have further complicated the management of neonatal sepsis. (medscape.com)

The capsule is composed of complex acidic polysaccharides. (medscape.com)
It is a method in which acidic and basic dyes are used for staining the background and bacterial cells respectively so that the capsule can be visualized easily. (microbiologynotes.org)

o Some antibacterial drugs such as penicillin interfere with the production of peptidoglycan by binding to bacterial enzymes which make the crosslinks. (researchtweet.com)

citation needed] The modes of action by which antimicrobial peptides kill microbes are varied, and may differ for different bacterial species. (wikipedia.org)
To study and differentiate bacterial species from other negative cells using endospore staining technique. (microbiologynotes.org)

Furthermore, we demonstrate for the first time that the bacterial capsule affects cellular behaviors such as motility and taxis. (biomedcentral.com)

Lipopolysaccharides (LPS) are another bacterial pathogenicity factor. (medscape.com)
A methylpentose whose L- isomer is found naturally in many plant glycosides and some gram-negative bacterial lipopolysaccharides . (lookformedical.com)

Preparation in the form of vegetarian capsules. (eliveragroup.com)

Anatomy3

Chemicals and Drugs3

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment1

Strains11

Meningitis9

Streptococcus7

Capsular polysaccharides4

Vaccines10

Infections5

Pathogens2

Bacterium2

Polyribosyl ribitol phosphate1

Synthesis9

Antibodies1

Pneumococcal capsule2

Phosphate2

Antigen3

Organism6

Extracellular2

Isolates3

Slime layer3

Invasive4

Haemophilus1

Unfavorable condition1

Phagocytosis1

Pathogenic3

Contains 5 billion3

Lipopolysaccharide1

Polypeptides2

Genetic1

Colonization1

Proteins2

Prebiotic1

Strain3

Vaccine4

Meningococcal2

Lactobacillus rhamnos1

Cell22

Glycoproteins1

Escherichia3

High molecular weight2

Bacteriophages2

Depolymerase1

Biosynthesis1

Possess2

Anionic1

Serotypes1

Genes2

Major virulence factor1

Loci1

Sepsis1

Acidic2

Peptidoglycan1

Species2

Motility1

Lipopolysaccharides2

Vegetarian capsules1