Polyploids polyploidy. Medical search. Frequent questions

The development of new species from hybridization is known from plants, through the development of polyploidy . (newworldencyclopedia.org)
Polyploidy and hybridization are important processes in plant evolution, and often are connected to reproduction via asexually formed seed (apomixis). (uni-goettingen.de)
The embryos were processed for sequential FISH in three hybridization rounds using probes for chromosomes 3, 7, 9, 13, 17, 18, 21, X and Y. Molecular cytogenetic analysis of nine chromosomes revealed that all three embryos were female polyploid. (kent.ac.uk)
Polyploid and homoploid hybridization are two important evolutionary phenomena involved at species levels. (scielo.br)
Polyploidy and hybridization (i.e., allopolyploidy) are particularly considered to create biotypes with novel genomic compositions and to be key factors for subsequent speciation and macroevolution. (uni-goettingen.de)
The effect of polyploidy and hybridization on the evolution of floral colour in Nicotiana (Solanaceae). (qmul.ac.uk)
Thus besides neo-polyploids originated from genomes doubled or triplicated by hybridization, the crops commonly considered as diploidy, such as rice, maize and soybean, are actually polyploidy with such one or more doubling events. (confex.com)
B. napus (oilseed rape) originates from natural hybridization between B. oleracea and B. rapa whose genomes originated from triplication of an ancestral genome as well as ancient polyploidy events shared with Arabidopsis. (confex.com)
Despite its substantial economic value, a reference genome had not previously been assembled due to the genome's relatively large size and biological complexity that includes apomixis, polyploidy, and interspecific hybridization. (bvsalud.org)
In contrast with other studies, hybridization and polyploidy induced relatively very little transgressivity. (osu.cz)
I now dicovererd the fascinating story of polyploid evolution in the genus where two principal lineages, the D. incarnata and the D. maculata lineages, have repeatedly added new variants to the D. majalis complex after hybridization and chromosome doubling. (lu.se)

Polyploidy is a condition in which the cells of an organism have more than one pair of (homologous) chromosomes. (wikipedia.org)
Polyploidy may occur due to abnormal cell division, either during mitosis, or more commonly from the failure of chromosomes to separate during meiosis or from the fertilization of an egg by more than one sperm. (wikipedia.org)
For example, in these corn plants, random chromosomal errors during cell division can result in individuals with too many chromosomes known as polyploids. (jove.com)
Some other organisms are polyploid , they have more than two sets of chromosomes. (wikipedia.org)
If the reproductive stage (adult) is polyploid, then the gametes will have half the ploidy number of chromosomes. (wikipedia.org)
Polyploidy occurs in cells and organisms when there are more than two paired (homologous) sets of chromosomes . (wikipedia.org)
The gametes of polyploids are unusual, because they may carry several sets of chromosomes. (wikipedia.org)
For example, common wheat is a polyploid with six sets of chromosomes, two sets coming originally from each of three different species. (wikipedia.org)

Polyploidization can be a mechanism of sympatric speciation because polyploids are usually unable to interbreed with their diploid ancestors. (wikipedia.org)
In dysplastic 23 (77%) of 30 samples showed aneuploidy or polyploidy, whereas in non-dysplastic tissues 50 (94%) of 53 samples were diploid, the difference being statistically significant. (nii.ac.jp)
The opposite hypothesis has also been presented, that polyploids may be more fit than diploid parents (Ortiz et al. (rutgers.edu)
Polyploids are common in flowering plants and they tend to have more expanded ranges of distributions than their diploid progenitors. (edu.au)
In addition to changes which occurred during evolution, differences between subgenomes of a polyploid species may also be affected by differences between the diploid donors and changes which occurred during polyploidization. (edu.au)
When artificially resynthesized polyploids are used as surrogates for newly formed genotypes which have not been exposed to evolutionary selection, differences between diploid genotypes available today and those involved in the formation of the natural polyploid genotypes must also be considered. (edu.au)
Due to the high cell/cytoplasm ratio, polyploid plants have a larger clove site and morphology than diploid plants. (scholarsresearchlibrary.com)
Nine species (13 populations) were diploid (2n = 2x = 22), but diploid and/or polyploid cytotypes were found in the other five species (13 populations), with 2n = 33, 2n = 44, and 2n = 55. (geneticsmr.com)
Polyploid and diploid populations had different spatial distribution patterns and were found in areas subjected to different environmental conditions. (geneticsmr.com)
Polyploid individuals were collected from locations with more adverse environmental conditions, usually at higher elevations than the diploid individuals. (geneticsmr.com)
Polyploids are able to colonize pioneer habitats, which would permit their occurrence in different environments to the diploid parents. (geneticsmr.com)

Apomictic polyploid complexes usually comprise a few sexual progenitor species, and numerous apomictic hybrid derivatives. (uni-goettingen.de)
Collaborations with other projects include the development of a comprehensive species concept for classification of asexual organisms and for plant polyploid complexes, and methodical aspects. (uni-goettingen.de)
With the discovery of the polytenics in tapetum tissue, it was observed that in many other species of various angiosperm families the tapetal cells also display polytene, polyploid or both types of nuclei. (scielo.br)
With estimates of polyploidy occurring in 30-80% of angiosperm species (Soltis & Soltis 2000), this is not an uncommon problem in botany today. (rutgers.edu)
The ups and downs of genome size evolution in polyploid species of Nicotiana (Solanaceae). (scielo.br)
Finally, alongside biogeography, the reticulate relationships and genome composition and evolution of young, large polyploid plant species complexes have not yet been deciphered comprehensively. (uni-goettingen.de)
Previous studies showed that polyploidy generates novel changes and that subgenomes in allopolyploid species often differ in gene number, gene expression levels and levels of epigenetic alteration. (edu.au)
The variable genome components in many plant species are extensive, which would result in exaggerated differences between a subgenome and its progenitor when a single genotype or a small number of genotypes are used to represent a polyploid or its donors. (edu.au)
Polyploidy results in genetic variation among individuals of the same species and even between populations, and may be responsible for differences in environmental tolerance between populations of the same species. (geneticsmr.com)
Polyploidy allows species to occur at locations with varying environmental conditions. (geneticsmr.com)
As diploidy and polyploidy occur under different environmental conditions, species with cytotypes exhibit wide environmental tolerance. (geneticsmr.com)
Polyploidy promotes genetic variability between individuals or populations of a given species ( Schifino-Wittmann, 2004 ), and co-operates with differences in ETR. (geneticsmr.com)
Some plant species with certain types of polyploidy do not use sexual reproduction, but survive with asexual methods. (wikipedia.org)
[1] Some estimates suggest that 30-80% of living plant species are polyploid, and many lineages show evidence of ancient polyploidy (paleopolyploidy) in their genomes . (wikipedia.org)
Many polyploids are fitter than their parental species, and may display novel variation or morphologies that contribute to speciation and eco-niche exploitation. (wikipedia.org)
There may, however, be many genetic changes in the species after polyploidy has taken place. (wikipedia.org)
Whole genome duplication, or polyploidy, has occurred throughout the evolutionary history of angiosperms, with elevated chromosome numbers observed in at least 70% of all species. (duke.edu)

Polyploid types are labeled according to the number of chromosome sets in the nucleus. (wikipedia.org)
44x, for example black mulberry Autopolyploids are polyploids with multiple chromosome sets derived from a single taxon. (wikipedia.org)
Several rounds of genome reduplication before chromosome segregation upsets this cycle and leads to polyploidy. (ias.ac.in)
The endomitotic cycle (endomitosis) starts with a normal prophase (endoprophase), after which the chromosome contracts further (endometaphase), their sister chromatids separate from each other (endoanaphase) and decondense to assume the interphase nuclear structure, resulting in polyploid cells, with double the chromosome number (endopolyploidy) at the end of each cycle. (scielo.br)
Is the sperm centrosome to blame for the complex polyploid chromosome patterns observed in cleavage stage embryos from an OAT patient? (kent.ac.uk)

Due to its ubiquitous presence in all green plant lineages, polyploidy (or whole-genome duplication) is being studied as an important factor in ecological and evolutionary trajectories in plants. (rutgers.edu)
We also know that polyploids have evolved over a long time period and that they constitute an archive of genes that successively have gone extinct in the parental lineages. (lu.se)
Much of the success of the D. majalis polyploids can be attributed to genomic and epigenetic modifications that have taken place at their origins, which demonstrates the importance of the combined genome of an allopolyploid as a special arena for evolutionary change and to the birth of new successful lineages. (lu.se)

Further details of polyploidy - including its role in speciation - are available on a separate page. (biology-pages.info)
However, the enigmatic phenomenon of plant speciation accompanied by polyploidy and apomixis is still poorly understood despite tremendous progress in the field of genomics. (uni-goettingen.de)
Polyploidy is one of the most important mechanisms of speciation and diversification in plant evolution. (geneticsmr.com)
Polyploidy is considered to be an important evolutionary force promoting sympatric speciation and diversification in plants, and occurs in up to 80% of angiosperms ( Otto and Whitton, 2000 ). (geneticsmr.com)
2009. The frequency of polyploid speciation in vascular plants. (wikipedia.org)

In fact, the effect of polyploidy in ecological processes is a relevant issue for ecologists, botanists, and geneticists. (geneticsmr.com)

The European apomictic polyploid Ranunculus auricomus (goldilock buttercup) plant complex is well-suited to study all the aforementioned issues. (uni-goettingen.de)

Polyploidy is an important mechanism in the evolution of plants. (tripod.com)
This paper is part of the Annals of Botany Special Issue on Polyploidy in Ecology and Evolution . (botany.one)
Does one subgenome become dominant in the formation and evolution of a polyploid? (edu.au)
These differences have been treated by some as subgenome dominance, and it is claimed that the magnitude of subgenome dominance increases in polyploid evolution. (edu.au)
Our understanding of polyploid genome evolution is constrained because we cannot know the exact founders of a particular polyploid. (aber.ac.uk)
Polyploidy may occur in one generation, and is an exception to the principle that evolution occurs gradually. (wikipedia.org)
This work will provide insight into whether there are general consequences of genome duplication, and help determine whether polyploidy influences the niche evolution and diversification of angiosperms. (duke.edu)
Together with my previous PhD students David Ståhlberg and Sofie Nordström, and in collaboration with research groups abroad, we have discovered more and more details of the polyploid evolution in Dactylorhiza , as well as differentiation patterns at local and regional scales, and patterns of migration and recolonization after the last ice age. (lu.se)

These studies will add to our understanding of the putative ecological advantages of polyploidy in plants. (rutgers.edu)
observed an ecological differentiation of cytotypes with polyploids preferentially occupying colder habitats with high annual temperature variability (seasonality). (botany.one)
Even though it is widespread, the general phenotypic and ecological consequences of polyploidy are not known. (duke.edu)
Employing morphological, ecological, and RNAseq approaches, we investigated the molecular determinants of hybrid and polyploid forms. (osu.cz)

Polyploidy is especially common in plants. (wikipedia.org)
Genomic clues to the evolutionary success of polyploid plants. (scielo.br)
Polyploidy plants induced by colchicine in vitro result in an increase in DNA content and affect epidermal surface cells [ 11 ]. (scholarsresearchlibrary.com)
Most of plants experienced genome doubling which resulted in their polyploid nature of genomes. (confex.com)
Polyploid plants arise spontaneously in nature. (wikipedia.org)
Polyploidy in plants. (wikipedia.org)

Studies on the protozoan parasite, Entamoeba histolytica suggest that in its proliferative phase, this organism may accumulate polyploid cells. (ias.ac.in)
We show here that T. thermophilus is a polyploid organism, harboring multiple genomic copies in a cell. (elsevierpure.com)
However, the finding that it is polyploid is not surprising, as Deinococcus radiodurans, an extremely radioresistant bacterium closely related to Thermus, is well known to be a polyploid organism. (elsevierpure.com)
Polyploidy often complicates the recognition of an essential gene in T. thermophilus as a model organism for systems biology. (elsevierpure.com)

Polyploidy, the presence of two or more full genomic complements, repeatedly occurs across the tree of life. (uni-goettingen.de)
In this thesis, using R. auricomus as a model system, I examined the recalcitrant and hitherto poorly understood phylogenetic, genomic, and biogeographical relationships of young polyploid apomictic plant complexes. (uni-goettingen.de)
As is the case for D. radiodurans in the radiation environment, the polyploidy of T. thermophilus might allow for genomic DNA protection, maintenance, and repair at elevated growth temperatures. (elsevierpure.com)

The increased cell size that follows genome duplication suggests that polyploids should be less tolerant of freezing and more tolerant of water stress than diploids. (duke.edu)

abstract = "Studies of the macroevolutionary legacy of polyploidy are limited by an incomplete sampling of these events across the tree of life. (umn.edu)

It has never been discussed whether T. thermophilus is haploid or polyploid. (elsevierpure.com)

In non-dysplastic patients all sample with inflammation showed diploidy, however 10% of samples without inflammation showed polyploidy. (nii.ac.jp)

We mapped the phylogenetic distribution of polyploidy events by both tree-based and distance-based methods, and explicitly tested scenarios for allopolyploidy. (umn.edu)
Polyploids may arise as the result of autopolyploidy or allopolyploidy ( Schifino-Wittmann, 2004 ). (geneticsmr.com)

Interspecific plant hybrids sometimes can reproduce as a result of polyploidy , such as triticale, a polyploid hybrid of wheat and rye. (newworldencyclopedia.org)
The last chapter deals with embryonic and postembryonic development, direct development, neoteny, and modifications of gametogenesis and meiosis in hybrids and polyploids (hybridogenesis and gynogenesis). (nhbs.com)
The Legacy of Sexual Ancestors in Phenotypic Variability, Gene Expression, and Homoeolog Regulation of Asexual Hybrids and Polyploids. (osu.cz)

Among mammals, a high frequency of polyploid cells is found in organs such as the brain, liver, heart, and bone marrow. (wikipedia.org)
We propose that the epigenetic changes (or his polyploid nature) caused Su'Kal's vocal chords to develop in a manner where they resonate at the resonant frequency of the stable crystalline structure that ties dilithium from normal space to subspace. (startrek.com)
On the contrary, the frequency of the cells with DNA content higher than 6C value (polyploid cells) did not coincide. (nii.ac.jp)
The frequency of false negative cases which had polyploid cells in smears but hadn't in sections was 8.6, 0, 5.7 in 4, 7, 10 respective. (nii.ac.jp)
The analysis of polyploid metaphases did not reveal any biologically relevant increase in the frequency of polyploidy cells after exposure to the test substance, neither in the presence nor in the absence of metabolic activation. (europa.eu)

Polyploids do strange things: they have many peculiarities in their genetic system that can make them quite different from diploids. (uva.nl)
This also means that the statistical and molecular tools that are used for diploids do not apply for polyploids. (uva.nl)
GenoDive version 3.0: Easy-to-use software for the analysis of genetic data of diploids and polyploids. (uva.nl)
Polyploidy has a thicker cell size but a low cell number per leaf blade compared to diploids [ 9 ]. (scholarsresearchlibrary.com)

Through dense phylogenomic sampling, we show the propensity of polyploidy throughout the evolutionary history of Caryophyllales. (umn.edu)

Probable polyploidy events are ζ angio+gymno sperm , ε angiosperm , (σ, ρ) monocots , γ core eudicots , (β, α) crucifer which occurred about 319 to 35 millions year ago. (confex.com)

It is, however, important to differentiate between the nuclear cycles that result in polyploid nuclei and those that produce polytene nuclei, because these two terms of the nuclear types are often used indiscriminately in the literature. (scielo.br)
The term endomitosis is, however, generally used to describe the formation of both polyploid and polytene nuclei (q.v. Nagl, 1974). (scielo.br)
Nagl (1978, 1981, 1987) has suggested the term endocycle rather than endomitosis, and D'Amato (1984) has adopted the term endomitotic and endoreduplication to distinguish between those that produce polyploid and polytene nuclei, respectively. (scielo.br)

A good correlation was found between the incidence of polyploid cells and the grade of dyspasia. (nii.ac.jp)

The possible scenarios leading to polyploidy and chromosomal imbalance through cytokinetic failure and subsequent abnormal centrosomal distribution are outlined. (kent.ac.uk)

Polyploidy may occur due to abnormal cell division . (wikipedia.org)

GP has been widely attributed to advantages of apomicts caused by polyploidy and uniparental reproduction, i.e., fixed levels of high heterozygosity leading to increased stress tolerance, and self-fertility leading to better colonizing capabilities. (uni-goettingen.de)
Contrary to the now widely held views that subgenome biases in polyploids are the results of conflicts among the subgenomes and that one of the parental subgenomes generally retains more genes which are more highly expressed, available results show that subgenome biases mainly reflect legacy from the progenitors and that they can be detected before the completion of polyploidization events. (edu.au)
Genetic enhancement and diversity can be improved with biotechnological approaches using mutagens, and colchicine is the most widely used in inducing polyploidy levels in many garlic varieties [ 8 , 9 ]. (scholarsresearchlibrary.com)

For example, triploid ( 3n ) and tetraploid cell ( 4n ) cells are polyploid. (biology-pages.info)

Additionally, polyploidy sometimes provides enhanced tolerance to stressful conditions, perhaps including radiation, thereby helping Su'Kal live in his radiation-flooded spaceship. (startrek.com)

I study how polyploidy affects the distribution of genetic diversity and how genetic data analysis can be adapted for polyploid systems. (uva.nl)
Although colchicine induces polyploidy and enhances genetic diversity, the concentration of colchicine is crucial for the success of ploidy induction. (scholarsresearchlibrary.com)

Polyploidy is often witnessed in cells prior to differentiation, in embryonic cells or in diseases such as cancer. (ias.ac.in)

Polyploidy can be induced by radiation and can cause epigenetic changes. (startrek.com)
In any case, epigenetic changes, whether through polyploidy or not, were induced by exposure to chemicals and radiation, and they cause Su'Kal to be physically different from other Kelpiens. (startrek.com)

Rather than having one copy of every gene from mom and one copy from dad, polyploids have two or more from each of their parents. (startrek.com)

For one, brewer's yeast is polyploid, meaning it has three or four copies of the genes in its genome. (futurity.org)

Treating SCCHN cell lines with a pan-Aurora kinase inhibitor resulted in defective cytokinesis, polyploidy and apoptosis, which was effective irrespective of the EGFR status. (oncotarget.com)

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