Polymerase dna complementary. Medical search. Frequent questions

The temperature of these is increased to 90-95°C in order to separate (denature) the 2 strands of target DNA. (medscape.com)
During DNA replication, a molecular machine called a replisome forms at the replication fork where the two strands of DNA are separating. (blogspot.com)
The replisome contains activities that separate the strands and hold them apart for synthesis by the replisome version of DNA polymerase, called DNA polymerase III in bacteria. (blogspot.com)
The complex has two sliding clamps that bind the complex to the strands of DNA so that DNA replication is highly processive. (blogspot.com)
Since the two strands of DNA are antiparallel, synthesis using one template strand occurs in the same direction as fork movement, but synthesis using the other template strand occurs in the direction opposite fork movement. (blogspot.com)
When DNA is not self-replicating it exists in the cell as a double stranded helical molecule with the strands lined up anti-parallel to each other. (wikibooks.org)
The connection between the strands of double-stranded DNA is tighter than double-stranded RNA . (wikibooks.org)
In the year 1953, Watson and Crick discovered the double-helix structure of the DNA, showing that DNA has two strands with complementary bases running in opposite directions. (news-medical.net)
DNA is often compared to a twisted ladder consisting of two strands connected by molecular rungs called "bases," which are known by the abbreviations A, T, G and C. Lengthier DNA sequences code for genes, which contain explicit instructions for building a specific protein. (sciencedaily.com)
The RNAP enzyme then builds a new, complementary strand of RNA by chemically copying each base in one of the exposed DNA strands. (sciencedaily.com)
This procedure of section is called a DNA palindrome which explains the both strands have same nucleotide sequence but antiparallel placement. (free-essays.us)
DNA replication involves the separation of the two strands of the double helix, with each strand serving as a template from which the new complementary strand is copied. (jove.com)
The star enzyme that plays a critical role in synthesizing new DNA strands by following the older DNA as a template. (aboutdarwin.com)
These are essentially the core building blocks of new DNA strands. (aboutdarwin.com)
PCR involves the use of DNA polymerase to synthesize complementary strands of DNA from a template. (goldbio.com)

Reverse sequences are reversed and complementary to the proviral reference sequence. (cdc.gov)
This process is repeated with each of the four nucleotides until the DNA sequence of the single stranded template is determined. (wikipedia.org)
Reverse transcription is the synthesis of a complementary DNA sequence from an RNA template using reverse transcriptase, which is an RNA-dependent DNA polymerase. (medscape.com)
Initially, DNA is taken from the clinical specimen, as well as certain sequence-specific oligonucleotide primers, thermostable DNA polymerase, nucleotides, and buffer. (medscape.com)
Gibson Assembly™, developed by Daniel Gibson and his colleagues at the J. Craig Venter Institute, is a rapid and reliable method for the assembly of DNA fragments in a single-tube, isothermal reaction without reliance upon the presence of restriction sites within the target sequence. (genengnews.com)
TaqMan®) probes, incorporate a 5' reporter fluorophore and a 3' quencher on a short oligonucleotide complementary to the target sequence. (neb.com)
During each PCR cycle, the 5' flap endonuclease domain of Taq DNA polymerase hydrolyzes the probe as the primer is extended and the target sequence is amplified. (neb.com)
Extension of the dual-labeled primer by the polymerase creates a copy of the complementary target sequence. (neb.com)
Example of a pyrogram showing the nucleotide sequence in a specific section of DNA. (wikidoc.org)
Currently, a limitation of the method is that the lengths of individual reads of DNA sequence are in the neighborhood of 300-500 nucleotides, shorter than the 800-1000 obtainable with chain termination methods (e.g. (wikidoc.org)
This can make the process of genome assembly more difficult, particularly for sequence containing a large amount of repetitive DNA . (wikidoc.org)
87(5): 1663-1667] Specifically, the investigators started by priming whole cerebellar RNA with a synthetic oligonucleotide containing a T7 RNA polymerase promoter sequence. (genomicglossaries.com)
More specifically, antisense oligonucleotides that are useful as reagents for target validation , or as drugs, are engineered molecules that differ from natural RNA but that have a base sequence that is recognized as being complementary to a very specific mRNA sequence. (genomicglossaries.com)
A complementary RNA sequence that binds to a naturally occurring (sense) mRNA molecule, thus blocking its translation. (genomicglossaries.com)
Highly specific and effective gene silencing of any disease can be achieved by an accurate knowledge of the target mRNA sequence and rational design of its complementary antisense agents for the downregulation of its protein message. (genomicglossaries.com)
The probes contain complementary sequences that hybridize to the target sequence. (genomeweb.com)
A polymerase then fills in the target sequence, and a ligation reaction captures the sequence within a circularized single-stranded probe. (genomeweb.com)
This method can generate tens of billions of copies of a particular DNA fragment (the sequence of interest, DNA of interest, or target DNA) from a DNA extract (DNA template). (intechopen.com)
Indeed, if the sequence of interest is present in the DNA extract, it is possible to selectively replicate it (we speak of amplification) in very large numbers. (intechopen.com)
In DNA a sequence of three bases, which is called a codon, is responsible for the encoding of a single amino acid. (wikibooks.org)
During PCR testing, Taq polymerase and DNA primers complementary to a unique sequence of target DNA were used to greatly amplify that region if the target was present in the sample. (cdc.gov)
This greatly enhanced the sensitivity of assays used to detect that specific sequence of DNA. (cdc.gov)
NGS relies on sequencing by synthesis: the sequence of a template DNA strand is determined by synthesizing a complementary strand from fluorescently labeled bases. (acs.org)
A single misplaced letter in gene's DNA sequence--a G substituted for a T, for example--can produce a defective protein that may cause a serious disease. (sciencedaily.com)
The real-time PCR assays for parasite detection at CDC use either the DNA-binding dye SYBR Green or sequence-specific TaqMan probes as fluorescence detection mechanisms. (cdc.gov)
1 The TaqMan probe is designed to be complementary to a specific sequence spanned by the PCR primers. (cdc.gov)
In this assay, a hairpin probe (HP), which consists of the aptamer sequence of cocaine, is partially complementary to the primer. (rsc.org)
When cocaine was bound with the HP, the primer could anneal with the single-stranded sequence of the opened HP and then trigger polymerase elongation, generating a double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) and displacing the cocaine. (rsc.org)
Using quantitative PCR (qPCR), also known as real time quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) and quantitative real time PCR (qRT-PCR), we can analyze the quantity (copy number) of a target DNA sequence as it is replicated, in real time. (goldbio.com)
Different proteins were known to have unique sequences, whereas it was thought that all DNA molecules have the same sequence. (proprofs.com)

In other words, it's much easier to unzip double-stranded RNA than it is to unzip double-stranded DNA. (wikibooks.org)
After a series of successive cycles of amplification, the presence of double stranded DNA product was visualized on agarose gels stained with ethidium bromide. (cdc.gov)
Assays using SYBR Green can be easier and less expensive, but caution should be exercised since all double-stranded DNA is detected, including primer-dimers and other PCR artifacts. (cdc.gov)
SYBR Green is a DNA binding dye that fluoresces strongly when bound to double-stranded DNA. (cdc.gov)
At the start of the reaction, very little double stranded DNA is present, and so the fluorescent signal detected by the thermocycler is low (3). (cdc.gov)
As the reaction proceeds and PCR product accumulates, the amount of double-stranded DNA increases and with it the fluorescence signal (4-5). (cdc.gov)
After replication, each double-stranded DNA includes one parental or "old" strand and one "new" strand. (jove.com)
DNA, a double-stranded molecule, is the primary genetic material directly responsible for development and inheritable traits. (aboutdarwin.com)
Two double-stranded DNA molecules. (aboutdarwin.com)
This enzyme unwinds the double-stranded DNA, paving the way for replication. (aboutdarwin.com)
Total RNA is converted to double-stranded complementary DNA molecules, which are cleaved to form tags. (chemistryworld.com)

A mixture of three enzymes (DNA polymerase, ATP sulfurylase and firefly luciferase) and a nucleotide (dNTP) are added to single stranded DNA to be sequenced and the incorporation of nucleotide is followed by measuring the light emitted. (wikipedia.org)
For the solution-based version of pyrosequencing, the single-strand DNA (ssDNA) template is hybridized to a sequencing primer and incubated with the enzymes DNA polymerase, ATP sulfurylase, luciferase and apyrase, and with the substrates adenosine 5´ phosphosulfate (APS) and luciferin. (wikipedia.org)
Furthermore, double-strand DNA has relatively small grooves where damaging enzymes can't attach, making it more difficult for them to 'attack' the DNA. (wikibooks.org)
The course plot for the saga of replication involves an array of characters, including enzymes like DNA polymerase, working tirelessly as diligent scribes, replicating each chapter accurately from the DNA template. (aboutdarwin.com)

The amplification of RNA requires the conversion of the RNA substrate into DNA. (sigmaaldrich.com)
Taq DNA Polymerase is supplied with the unique QIAGEN PCR Buffer that minimizes the need for optimization of PCR parameters, as well as Q-Solution, a novel additive that enables efficient amplification of "difficult" (e.g. (qiagen.com)
Probe-based quantitative PCR (qPCR) uses real-time fluorescence from 5ʹ-3ʹ exonuclease cleavage of a fluorescently-labeled, target-specific probe to measure DNA amplification at each cycle of a PCR. (neb.com)
Although this technique used DNA polymerase repeatedly, similar to PCR, it employed only a single primer template complex, and exponential amplification was not possible using this technique. (news-medical.net)
Although the amplification product was not evident in agarose gel electrophoresis initially, Southern blotting confirmed the increase in quantity of the desired DNA segments. (news-medical.net)
In real-time PCR, the DNA amplification is monitored by measuring the fluorescence signal generated in the reaction vessel. (cdc.gov)
Phylogenetic analysis with DNA amplification technologies. (who.int)
A label-free fluorescence aptamer-based sensor method for cocaine detection has been constructed based on polymerase aided isothermal circular strand-displacement amplification (ICSDA) and graphene oxide (GO) absorption. (rsc.org)
We offer high-quality PCR reagents for your DNA amplification reaction: dNTPs, PCR additives, and Taq, High Fidelity and Hot Start DNA Polymerases. (goldbio.com)
Using RCA for DNA amplification expedites the Sanger sequencing process and allows your data to be delivered within 24 hours** of sample receipt at Azenta. (genewiz.com)
Rapid Amplification of Plasmid and Phage DNA Using Phi29 DNA Polymerase and Multiply-Primed Rolling Circle Amplification. (genewiz.com)
The objective of the study was to develop a rapid method to detect Mycobacterium tuberculosis from clinical samples and the applicability of DNA amplification techniques to a developing country like Sri Lanka. (who.int)
In conclution, DNA amplification is a rapid, reliable and accurate method with a high degree of sensitivity and specificity for the detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis DNA sequences and it can replace the conventional culture method in the diagnosis of extra pulmonary tuberculosis and tuberculosis meningitis except in the situation when antibiotic sensitivity results are required. (who.int)

Here, we describe an oligonucleotide synthesis strategy that uses the template-independent polymerase terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TdT). (nature.com)
Figure 2: TdT-dNTP conjugates can extend a DNA molecule by a single nucleotide in 10-20 s, enabling stepwise DNA synthesis. (nature.com)
Kosuri, S. & Church, G.M. Large-scale de novo DNA synthesis: technologies and applications. (nature.com)
Caruthers, M.H. A brief review of DNA and RNA chemical synthesis. (nature.com)
Caruthers, M.H. The chemical synthesis of DNA/RNA: our gift to science. (nature.com)
Pyrosequencing is a method of DNA sequencing (determining the order of nucleotides in DNA) based on the "sequencing by synthesis" principle, in which the sequencing is performed by detecting the nucleotide incorporated by a DNA polymerase. (wikipedia.org)
Sequencing by synthesis" involves taking a single strand of the DNA to be sequenced and then synthesizing its complementary strand enzymatically. (wikipedia.org)
This limitation presents no difficulty for leading-strand synthesis since once DNA synthesis is under way nucleotides are continuously added to a growing chain. (blogspot.com)
The use of short RNA primers gets around the limitation imposed by the mechanism of DNA polymerase, namely, that it cannot initiate DNA synthesis de novo . (blogspot.com)
About once every second, primase catalyzes the synthesis of a short RNA primer using this single-stranded DNA as a template. (blogspot.com)
DNA polymerase III catalyzes synthesis of DNA in the 5′ → 3′ direction by extending each short RNA primer. (blogspot.com)
The reaction proceeds in three steps: removal of the RNA primer, synthesis of replacement DNA, and sealing of the adjacent DNA fragments. (blogspot.com)
Pyrosequencing is a method of DNA sequencing (determining the order of nucleotides in DNA) based on the "sequencing by synthesis" principle developed by Mostafa Ronaghi and Pål Nyrén (published in Analytical Biochemistry 1996 and Science 1998). (wikidoc.org)
After second- strand cDNA synthesis, T7 RNA polymerase was used to generate aRNA. (genomicglossaries.com)
In 1971, Gobind Khorana, a Nobel Prize winner for his part in the Genetic Code discovery, and his team of researchers started working on DNA repair synthesis. (news-medical.net)
This technique sought to simplify gene synthesis by using artificial primers and templates that help DNA polymerase to copy the desired gene segments. (news-medical.net)
The messenger RNA molecule can used as a templet and RNA polymerase syntheses procedure, the individual stranded Deoxyribonucleic acid can be used as a templet for dual isolated Deoxyribonucleic acid synthesis. (free-essays.us)
On the other hand, RNA is a single chain of nucleotides primarily involved in protein synthesis following the master plan outlined by DNA. (aboutdarwin.com)
ATF-3 induces DNA synthesis and expression of cyclin D1 in hepatocytes [ 21 ] and is involved in serum-induced cell proliferation as a target gene of c-myc [ 10 ]. (hindawi.com)
By investigating nucleic acids like DNA and RNA, as well as proteins and other biomolecules, scientists gain insights into gene expression, protein synthesis, gene transfer, and more. (freescience.info)

A type of RNA polymerase, it sets the starting point for replication by adding small RNA primers. (aboutdarwin.com)

RNA molecules which hybridize to complementary sequences in either RNA or DNA altering the function of the latter. (genomicglossaries.com)
Its principle is based on the use of DNA polymerase which is an in vitro replication of specific DNA sequences. (intechopen.com)
We can therefore amplify nucleotide sequences from infinitesimal amounts of DNA extract. (intechopen.com)
The Committee concluded that additional work may be needed to assess the viability of the stocks held in VECTOR, and that further molecular characterization of additional strains may be valuable in helping to identify strains from which further DNA sequences could be determined. (who.int)

The intensity of the light determines if 0, 1 or more nucleotides have been incorporated, thus showing how many complementary nucleotides are present on the template strand. (wikipedia.org)
Essentially, the method allows sequencing a single strand of DNA by synthesizing the complementary strand along it, one base pair at a time, and detecting which base was actually added at each step. (wikipedia.org)
The short pieces of lagging-strand DNA are named Okazaki fragments in honor of their discoverer, Reiji Okazaki. (blogspot.com)
The overall mechanism of DNA replication is called semidiscontinuous to emphasize the different mechanisms for replicating each strand. (blogspot.com)
These RNA primers are complementary to the lagging strand template. (blogspot.com)
Okazaki fragments are eventually joined to produce a continuous strand of DNA. (blogspot.com)
In the subsequent PCR cycle, the stem-loop unfolds and binds intramolecularly to the recently synthesized DNA strand, separating the fluorophore from the quencher, resulting in an increase in fluorescence. (neb.com)
Essentially, the method allows sequencing of a single strand of DNA by synthesizing the complementary strand along it. (wikidoc.org)
aRNA is RNA that is transcribed from the coding, rather than the template, strand of DNA. (genomicglossaries.com)
Because RNA is fragile and difficult to study, a strand of complementary DNA (cDNA) is synthesized from RNA, using reverse transcriptase during the RT-PCR procedure. (britannica.com)
The bases of each strand bind very specifically, A binds with T and C binds with G no other combination exists at least in DNA. (wikibooks.org)
He added a second primer to the opposite strand and realized that repeated use of DNA polymerase will trigger a chain reaction that will amplify a specific DNA segment, thus discovering the PCR technology. (news-medical.net)
One template DNA strand is amplified into many identical copies (gray). (acs.org)
Now, companies are introducing sequencing platforms that separate fluorescent labeling from the extension of the complementary DNA strand, touting improvements in accuracy that result from optimizing each step. (acs.org)
RNAP continues moving down the DNA strand until the gene is fully copied. (sciencedaily.com)
It's quite an intricate dance aimed at making sure every new chromosome is equipped with one old and one new strand of DNA - this is referred to as semi-conservative replication. (aboutdarwin.com)
When random hexamers are coupled with a strand displacing DNA polymerase, many concatenated template copies are generated with no need for thermocycling (Dean et al. (genewiz.com)

The cDNA can then be amplified by polymerase chain reaction and used for subsequent experiments. (britannica.com)
This is achieved by isolating antibody variable domain repertoires from the B-cell complementary DNA (cDNA) obtained from the rabbit spleen and amplifying it into a Fab repertoire by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method. (news-medical.net)
In addition, we provide a wide range of products including reverse transcriptase (RT) and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) Kits that allow cDNA generation and detection of RNA. (goldbio.com)

By introducing multiple complementary mutations in the primers at the overlap region, the Gibson Assembly Master Mix forms a single, covalently bonded DNA molecule that contains the desired mutations and can be directly transformed into competent cells and screened or sequenced. (genengnews.com)
RNA-like oligonucleotides that are complementary to a portion of a target mRNA molecule. (genomicglossaries.com)
The two DNA molecule sites can crossbreed to each other through their reconciliation gluey ends to organize a recombinant molecule. (free-essays.us)
In transmutation, recombinant DNA molecule enters into bacteriums cells. (free-essays.us)
Polonies are clonal amplifications of a single DNA molecule, grown on a solid-phase surface. (chemistryworld.com)

A polymerase then fills in the gaps, which are sealed by the DNA ligase. (genengnews.com)
The steps are carried out by the combined action of DNA polymerase I and DNA ligase. (blogspot.com)
Ligase is chiefly used to fall in two DNA fragments and the procedure called as ligation. (free-essays.us)
The recombinant molecules do non hold covalent bond on rear sugar medieties, the DNA ligase used to seal the sugar molecules and anchor which creates phosphodiester bonds at the functions.DNA ligase widely used in lab and it is derived from the bactriophage T4. (free-essays.us)
De openingen tussen de fragmenten worden vervolgens afgedicht door DNA-ligase om een continue streng te genereren. (jove.com)

In this alternative method, an additional enzyme apyrase is introduced to remove nucleotides that are not incorporated by the DNA polymerase. (wikipedia.org)
The template DNA is immobile, and solutions of A, C, G, and T nucleotides are sequentially added and removed from the reaction. (wikipedia.org)
Finally, nucleotides complementary to the target DNA are added extending each primer by the thermostable DNA polymerase. (medscape.com)
Proteins were known to be composed of 20 distinct amino acids whereas DNA is composed of only 4 nucleotides. (proprofs.com)
In the early twentieth century, it was believed that proteins might carry genetic information because proteins were known to be composed of 20 distinct amino acids, whereas DNA is composed of only 4 nucleotides. (proprofs.com)
Which type of bonds link the individual nucleotides together in DNA? (proprofs.com)

DNA polymerases catalyze chain elongation exclusively in the 5′ → 3′ direction. (blogspot.com)
Whereas, the SG-stained HP without polymerase elongation was absorbed and quenched by GO. (rsc.org)

In PCR, a thermostable DNA polymerase is used to amplify target DNA 2-fold with each temperature cycle. (medscape.com)
In 1984, Mullis along with the genetic mutation assay team at Cetus started working on experiments that show PCR's ability to amplify genomic DNA. (news-medical.net)
PCR and its variants are specific and sensitive detection methods used to identify and amplify unique stretches of DNA/RNA indicative of a pathogen or disease state. (sigmaaldrich.com)
Also, our InstantAmp™ Plant Direct PCR Kit is designed to be the simplest and best method to efficiently amplify DNA fragments from plant tissues. (goldbio.com)

DNA polymerase incorporates the correct, complementary dNTPs onto the template. (wikipedia.org)
Therefore, we have developed a collection of superior products including dNTPs, DNA polymerases, reverse transcriptases, ligases, master mixes, PCR and quantitative PCR kits, protocols and tools to help you achieve your research goals. (goldbio.com)

An exonuclease creates single-stranded 3´ overhangs that promote annealing of complementary fragments at the overlap region. (genengnews.com)
As the replication fork progresses, the parental DNA is unwound, and more and more single-stranded DNA becomes exposed. (blogspot.com)
Improved performance of Pyrosequencing using single-stranded DNA-binding protein. (wikidoc.org)
The signal is only detectable during annealing and extension, since the denaturation step contains predominantly single-stranded DNA (6). (cdc.gov)
Through combining the unique properties of SYBR Green I (SG) and the preferential binding of GO to single-stranded DNA over dsDNA, a significant fluorescence enhancement was achieved. (rsc.org)

Genes are small blocks of DNA that tell the cell which proteins it should create. (wikibooks.org)
In the Nature study, Block and his colleagues tackled a fundamental principal of biology known as the central dogma, which states that in living organisms, genetic information flows from DNA to RNA to proteins. (sciencedaily.com)
A typical DNA ladder carries thousands of genes that encode thousands of proteins, which keep the organism alive and functioning. (sciencedaily.com)
The giver DNA is separated from molecular components of the cell such as proteins, RNA, lipoids and saccharides. (free-essays.us)
GS-002 also induced endoplasmic reticular (ER) stress as evidenced by increases in ER stress-responsive proteins including glucose-regulated protein 78 (GRP78), growth arrest- and DNA damage-inducible gene 153 (GADD153), phosphorylated eukaryotic initiation factor 2 α (eIF2 α ), phosphorylated protein endoplasmic-reticular-resident kinase (PERK), and ATF-3. (hindawi.com)
Have you ever wondered how DNA and proteins work together to carry out the functions of life? (freescience.info)
It unravels the secrets of genes, which are segments of genetic material, such as DNA, containing instructions for building proteins and controlling various cellular processes. (freescience.info)

The diagnosis of many infectious diseases, both viral and bacterial, may include the use of reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). (medscape.com)
[ 1 ] The resultant complementary DNA is amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). (medscape.com)
The expression of selected genes was quantified using real-time polymerase chain reaction. (thejns.org)
Reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) for reverse transcription of RNA into complementary DNA. (sigmaaldrich.com)
Nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs) such as AZT (zidovudine)-the first drug approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration to prolong the lives of AIDS patients-act by terminating the proviral DNA chain before the enzyme can finish transcription. (britannica.com)
Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was invented by Mullis in 1983 and patented in 1985. (intechopen.com)
DNA is a long chain of linear polymers containing deoxyribose sugars and their covalently bonded bases known as nucleic acids. (wikibooks.org)
Real-time polymerase chain reaction and western blotting were performed to determine the levels of NEK6 and miR-323a-3p in COAD cells. (hindawi.com)
The development of the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) has been a major breakthrough in the scientific world. (news-medical.net)
The expression levels of miR-128-3p and transforming growth factor beta receptors II (TGFBR2) were detected by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). (degruyter.com)
Most in vitro diagnostic assays are developed based on molecular or immunodetection technologies, including polymerase chain reaction (PCR), enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA), chemiluminescent immunoassays (CLIA), lateral flow, cytology, and immunohistochemistry. (sigmaaldrich.com)
If an unequivocal identification of the parasite can not be made, the stool specimen can be analyzed using molecular techniques such as polymerase chain reaction (PCR). (cdc.gov)
Several techniques based on the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to facilitate the characterization and phylogenetic analysis of variola virus isolates were described. (who.int)
These are bound to ferromagnetic beads in an oil emulsion - each oil droplet within the emulsion serves as a tiny polymerase chain reaction (PCR) chamber. (chemistryworld.com)
Polymerase chain reaction (PCR), clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR) and DNA gel electrophoresis are powerful molecular biology techniques. (goldbio.com)
Furthermore, the proliferation of Th17 cells and Th17‑associated cytokines, including interleukin (IL)17, IL23 and RAR‑related orphan receptor γt, was analyzed by reverse transcription‑quantitative polymerase chain reaction. (spandidos-publications.com)
To explore the concepts of genomics, molecular biologists employ cutting-edge techniques such as PCR (polymerase chain reaction), cloning, sequencing, and genetic engineering. (freescience.info)
Since PCR is too expensive to use in routine laboratories in Sri Lanka, one center could function as a reference laboratory where clinical samples can be tested using Polymerase Chain Reaction. (who.int)

Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA) Recall that the replisome contains a DNA polymerase III holoenzyme dimer with two core complexes that can catalyze polymerization. (blogspot.com)
DNA stands for deoxyribonucleic Acid . (wikibooks.org)
Briefly put, both DNA (Deoxyribonucleic Acid) and RNA (Ribonucleic Acid) carry genetic information of all life forms guiding their biological functions. (aboutdarwin.com)

It is therefore complementary to mRNA. (genomicglossaries.com)
Pmage is a technique that takes the best of Sage and high throughput DNA sequencing to obtain a global distribution of mRNA in any cell or tissue for a cost of about $1500 (?757) compared to about $10 000 for a Sage analysis, explained Seidman. (chemistryworld.com)

The primers are synthesized by a DNA dependent RNA polymerase enzyme called primase-the product of the dna G gene in E. coli . (blogspot.com)
Transcription begins when an enzyme called RNA polymerase (RNAP) latches onto the DNA ladder and pulls a small section apart lengthwise. (sciencedaily.com)

The concentration of the fragments was determined by Nanodrop™ instrument or estimated by agarose gel electrophoresis and then an equimolar amount of DNA fragments were added together up to 10 μL. (genengnews.com)
Amplified DNA fragments are electrophoretically resolved on an agarose gel for analysis of results. (cdc.gov)

This enzyme needed a primer to start copying the template and could create DNA only in one direction. (news-medical.net)
DNA-replicatie vindt plaats door nieuwe DNA-strengen te synthetiseren met behulp van bestaande strengen als template. (jove.com)
De twee nieuwe dubbele helices bevatten elk een originele template-streng en een nieuw gesynthetiseerde dochterstreng, daarom staat dit proces bekend als semiconservatieve replicatie. (jove.com)
Het scheidt vervolgens de afzonderlijke strengen en vormt een Y-vormige structuur, bekend als de replicatievork, waar de template-strengen toegankelijk zijn voor extra enzymen. (jove.com)
DNA-polymerase draagt bij aan de groeiende dochterstrengen op beide template-DNA-strengen. (jove.com)
A bead with an attached DNA tag, or template, is added to each droplet in a PCR tube and PCR is used to produce millions of copies of that template, all attached to one bead. (chemistryworld.com)

This allowed for high-throughput DNA sequencing and an automated instrument was introduced to the market. (wikipedia.org)
Other methods that are used to produce rabbit mAbs and to analyze immune antibody repertoires are high-throughput DNA technologies with mass spectrometry. (news-medical.net)

The principle of pyrosequencing was first described in 1993 by, Bertil Pettersson, Mathias Uhlen and Pål Nyren by combining the solid phase sequencing method using streptavidin coated magnetic beads with recombinant DNA polymerase lacking 3´to 5´exonuclease activity (proof-reading) and luminescence detection using the firefly luciferase enzyme. (wikipedia.org)
This alternative approach for pyrosequencing was based on the original principle of attaching the DNA to be sequenced to a solid support and they showed that sequencing could be performed in a highly parallel manner using a microfabricated microarray. (wikipedia.org)
The pyrosequencing method is based on detecting the activity of DNA polymerase (a DNA synthesizing enzyme) with another chemoluminescent enzyme. (wikipedia.org)
2007. Pyrosequencing AB was started to commercialize the machine and reagent for sequencing of short stretches of DNA. (wikidoc.org)
454 developed an array-based Pyrosequencing which has emerged as a rapid platform for large-scale DNA sequencing. (wikidoc.org)
Pyrosequencing: a tool for DNA sequencing analysis. (wikidoc.org)

Each of the four bases on DNA, Adenine (A), Cytosine (C), Guanine (G), and Thymine (T) is bonded covalently to a deoxyribose sugar. (wikibooks.org)
But that has left open the question of whether the RNAP enzyme actually climbs up the DNA ladder one rung at a time, or does it move instead in chunks--for example, does it add three bases of RNA, then jump along and add another three bases. (sciencedaily.com)

The recombinant DNA techniques were foremost demonstrated in 1972, the parent field of molecular biological science was about entirely an academic field of research. (free-essays.us)
As recombinant DNA engineering exposed its practical potency during the 1970s, support for molecular biological science section began to utilize bit by bit more from the private instead than the public sector ( Susan. (free-essays.us)
Recombinant DNA involves four procedures. (free-essays.us)
One of the biggest mileposts, readying of HUMAN INSULIN utilizing recombinant DNA engineering. (free-essays.us)

A major breakthrough in DNA polymerase came along in the year 1969, when Thomas Brock reported the isolation of Thermus aquaticus , a new species of thermophilic bacterium found in the hot springs of Yellowstone National Park. (news-medical.net)
The DNA polymerase from this bacterium, called the Taq Polymerase, could withstand very high temperatures, unlike other polymerases available at that point of time. (news-medical.net)

This became the first next generation sequencing instrument starting a new era in genomics research, with rapidly falling prices for DNA sequencing allowing whole genome sequencing at affordable prices. (wikipedia.org)
In 1970 Temin and Japanese virologist Satoshi Mizutani, and American virologist David Baltimore , working independently, reported the discovery of an enzyme that could synthesize proviral DNA from the RNA genome of RSV. (britannica.com)
Molecular biology techniques are instrumental in designing safe and effective gene delivery systems for the manipulation of DNA and genome. (freescience.info)

PCR amplified fragments can be analyzed by using restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLP) or DNA sequencing if further characterization is needed. (cdc.gov)
Gel electrophoresis is a technique commonly used to separate DNA fragments by size. (goldbio.com)

Contamination of reagents or specimens with target DNA from the environment must be avoided because such contamination can produce false-positive results. (medscape.com)
Our high quality reagents are available for every workflow, including popular DNA assembly methods such as NEBuilder ® HiFi DNA Assembly and NEBridge ® Golden Gate Assembly . (neb.com)

Our EvaGreen® dye, a great alternative to SYBR® Green I , Goof-Proof™ qPCR Master Mix, and RT-qPCR Kit are optimal for use in your DNA melt curve analysis and real time-PCR (RT-PCR) reactions. (goldbio.com)

The Block team focused on a crucial step in the central dogma, a process known as "transcription," where each gene is copied from DNA onto RNA. (sciencedaily.com)
DNA Replication and RNA Transcription, although seemingly complex terms, hold within them concepts that are beautifully precise, methodical - true marvels of nature. (aboutdarwin.com)
The flow of genetic information in cells is that DNA is first transcribed into RNA through a process called transcription. (proprofs.com)

Real-time DNA sequencing using detection of pyrophosphate release. (wikidoc.org)
It is necessary to extract DNA from the stool specimens for PCR detection. (cdc.gov)
DNA, serological detection of variola virus, antiviral agents and animal models of smallpox. (who.int)

For the Nature experiment, Block and his colleagues used DNA and RNAP extracted from E. coli bacteria, which is remarkably similar to RNAP in more complex organisms, including humans. (sciencedaily.com)
The genomes of cellular organisms are composed of DNA. (proprofs.com)

In the year 1977, Frederick Sanger identified a DNA sequencing method involving a DNA polymerase, a primer, and nucleotide precursors, for which he was he awarded the Nobel Prize in 1980. (news-medical.net)
However, it was not until 1983 that, in an effort to fix some issues in his research work, Mullis used Sanger's DNA sequencing method as a basis to devise a new technique. (news-medical.net)
Next-generation sequencing (NGS) has made analyzing DNA faster and cheaper, with effects felt in the lab, clinic, and beyond. (acs.org)
The DNA-coated beads are cross-linked to glass cover slips in a monolayer that provides a gel-less platform for sequencing and a single focal plane for microscopic imaging. (chemistryworld.com)
Molecular biology techniques, such as DNA sequencing and genotyping, have facilitated the identification of genetic variations that impact drug metabolism and efficacy. (freescience.info)
Thanks to molecular biology techniques like DNA sequencing and gene expression analysis, biologists have made significant strides in understanding genetics and genomics. (freescience.info)
RCA generates DNA for sequencing by random hexamer priming of circular templates. (genewiz.com)
Direct Colony Sequencing is also extremely effective when low amounts of DNA starting material are available (e.g. low copy plasmids). (genewiz.com)
DNA methylation analysis: Save time & obtain high-quality reads by cloning PCR products directly and sequencing the bacterial colonies. (genewiz.com)

The ability of reverse transcriptase to synthesize DNA from RNA has been used in the laboratory. (britannica.com)

Complementary DNA microarray analysis was performed for gene expression profiling. (thejns.org)

This enzyme was named RNA-directed DNA polymerase, commonly referred to as reverse transcriptase. (britannica.com)

Genomic analysis showed that strain 143-21T shares 79.79-84.45â % average nucleotide identity and 23.50-29.20â % digital DNA-DNA hybridization with the species of the genus Crassaminicella, respectively. (bvsalud.org)

The Taq DNA Polymerase is intended for molecular biology applications. (qiagen.com)
Molecular biology aids in drug discovery by identifying potential therapeutic targets and evaluating their efficacy in DNA. (freescience.info)

The scrunching model, whereby RNAP pulls in ("scrunches") a loop of DNA, copies each base in the loop, then grabs another loop farther up the ladder. (sciencedaily.com)

One of the major functions of the DNA is storage of the genetic information. (wikibooks.org)
It is significant to note the reasons why DNA is the primary method through which all cells pass along genetic information. (wikibooks.org)
The process begins with DNA, the famous double helix, which stores genetic data. (sciencedaily.com)
Through DNA and genetic engineering techniques, scientists can introduce desirable traits into crops more efficiently than traditional breeding methods. (freescience.info)
Leukemia happens when there are changes in the genetic material (DNA) in bone marrow cells. (medlineplus.gov)

Lotus Japonicus como Modelo para la Identificaci n de Nuevos Genes Implicados en la Respuesta a Estr s Abi tico y Productividad en Leguminosas. (us.es)
Writing in the Nov. 13 online issue of the journal Nature, the Stanford researchers explain how the new instrument allowed them to settle long-standing scientific debates about the way genes are copied from DNA -- a biochemical process that's essential to life. (sciencedaily.com)

The three-dimensional crystal structure of the DnaG catalytic domain revealed its folding and active site are distinct from the well studied polymerases, suggesting that it may employ a novel enzyme mechanism. (blogspot.com)
More importantly, their report mulled over the possibility of a copying mechanism for DNA. (news-medical.net)
The first DNA polymerase was identified by Arthur Kornberg in 1957 during his studies on the DNA replication mechanism. (news-medical.net)
RCA was identified in natural systems as a DNA replication mechanism frequently employed in plasmid and viral propagation. (genewiz.com)

Each primer is extended from its 3′ end by DNA polymerase I to form an Okazaki fragment, as shown in the Figure. (blogspot.com)

The modern double helix structure of DNA was first proposed by Watson and Crick, and the functions of DNA were demonstrated in a series of experiments which will be discussed in the next few sections. (wikibooks.org)

This method shares many of the advantages of Sage over hybridisation-based approaches [such as DNA chips] but is a significant improvement over Sage,' said Kenneth Kinzler, professor of oncology and director of the Ludwig Center at Johns Hopkins University in Baltimore, MD. 'This may become the gold standard for gene expression analyses,' he said. (chemistryworld.com)

DNA is more chemically stable than RNA because it lacks the hydroxyl group on the 2' carbon. (wikibooks.org)

Anatomy9

Organisms18

Chemicals and Drugs121

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment35

Phenomena and Processes76

Disciplines and Occupations1

Information Science4

Health Care4

Strands15

Sequence30

Double-stranded11

Enzymes4

Amplification13

Synthesis20

Type of RNA polymerase1

Sequences4

Strand17

CDNA3

Molecule5

Ligase5

Nucleotides6

Elongation2

Amplify4

DNTPs2

Single stranded5

Proteins7

Chain18

Deoxyribonucleic Acid3

MRNA2

Enzyme called2

Agarose2

Template6

High-throughput2

Pyrosequencing6

Bases2

Recombinant4

Bacterium2

Genome3

Fragments2

Reagents2

QPCR1

Transcription3

Detection3

Organisms2

Sequencing9

Synthesize1

Microarray1

Commonly1

Genomic1

Molecular biology2

Copies1

Genetic5

Genes2

Mechanism4

Primer is extended1

Watson and C1

Gene expression1

Chemically1