• The behavior of mesenchymal stem cells from an umbilical cord vein was evaluated using a 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay, a mineralization assay, and an alkaline phosphatase activity assay and by carrying out a quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction for osteogenic markers. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Though many traditional sensing technologies for biomarker analysis and fundamental biological studies (i.e. enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays, real-time polymerase chain reaction, etc.) rely on single-parameter measurements, it has become increasingly clear that the inherent complexity of many human illnesses and pathways necessitates quantitative and multiparameter analysis of biological samples. (illinois.edu)
  • Fields such as medical diagnostics and cellular biology would benefit greatly from a technology that enables rapid, quantitative and reproducible assays for many targets within a single sample. (illinois.edu)
  • These same assays have also been leveraged for highly parallel quantitative investigations of the structure-function relationships of nucleic acid interactomes. (nature.com)
  • Several techniques have been developed aiming to produce high-density RNA microarrays suitable for quantitative RNA-binding assays. (nature.com)
  • Quantitative analysis of RNA on a massively parallel array (RNA-MaP) 21 , 23 starts with ssDNA sequencing libraries including an RNA polymerase promoter region, a stall sequence, and a variable region complementary to the desired RNA. (nature.com)
  • This protocol outlines a method for quantitative analysis of mitophagy protein complex formation specifically in beta cells from primary human islet samples. (jove.com)
  • The transcriptional profile of 11 fungal genes related to pathogenicity and virulence were evaluated by reverse transcription quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). (frontiersin.org)
  • The importance of appropriate normalization controls in quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) experiments has become more apparent as the number of biological studies using this methodology has increased. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The analysis of gene expression using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) has become increasingly important as biological research has focused on developing insights into the complex regulatory networks that exist within cells [ 1 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • This review provides an insight into real-time quantitative PCR (qPCR) assays today. (ddw-online.com)
  • RNA samples from cultured cells were analysed by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction in five separate experiments. (thieme-connect.com)
  • This assay is used as a tool for in vitro analysis to study the dynamic interactions between cancer cells & immune cells, intricate tumor microenvironment, perceiving immunoreactivity in a multitude of cell-based assays to predict mode of action, and pharmacodynamics. (alliedmarketresearch.com)
  • Optimized cell-based assays deliver crucial information to confirm the efficiency of a drug or a compound in simple and progressively complex co-culture assays. (alliedmarketresearch.com)
  • In our Abu Dhabi laboratory, we are developing similar and complementary approaches for high-throughput and high-content chemical genomics using whole animal and cell-based assays. (nyu.edu)
  • With the advancement of next-generation sequencing and mass spectrometry, there is a growing need for the ability to merge biological features in order to study a system as a whole. (rsc.org)
  • DNA polymerase epsilon, which is involved in DNA repair and replication, is composed of a large catalytic subunit and a small accessory subunit. (nih.gov)
  • Mutations/polymorphisms in the 55 kDa subunit of DNA polymerase epsilon in human colorectal cancer. (nih.gov)
  • The solution structure of the amino-terminal domain of human DNA polymerase epsilon subunit B is homologous to C-domains of AAA+ proteins. (nih.gov)
  • Purification, cDNA cloning, and gene mapping of the small subunit of human DNA polymerase epsilon. (nih.gov)
  • Co-transcriptional pre-mRNA processing relies on reversible phosphorylation of the carboxyl-terminal domain (CTD) of Rpb1, the largest subunit of RNA polymerase II (RNAP II). (cipsm.de)
  • The protein encoded by this gene is a subunit of both RNA polymerase I and RNA polymerase III complexes. (nih.gov)
  • This gene encodes the regulatory subunit of the inhibitor of kappaB kinase (IKK) complex, which activates NF-kappaB resulting in activation of genes involved in inflammation, immunity, cell survival, and other pathways. (nih.gov)
  • For instance, xMAP multiplex assay provides a platform for cancer biomarker assays, which are compatible with plasma, serum, cultured cells, and other biological samples. (alliedmarketresearch.com)
  • In an electronically-indexed multiplex assay of this invention, two or more classes of transponders, each encoded with a different index number and constructed to bind a different nucleic acid sequence, are incubated with the sample in a single vessel. (justia.com)
  • The diagnostic sensitivity and specificity of RPA assay was 92.5% (83.44% to 97.53%, 95% CI) and 97.59% (91.57% to 99.71%, 95% CI) respectively, in comparison with PCR. (researchsquare.com)
  • Most of the commercial ELISA kits to detect IgM / IgG antibodies to Leptospira employ the lipopolysaccharide (LPS) as capture agent and claim to have better sensitivity and specificity but their correlation with the OIE/WHO approved MAT assay is very poor (unpublished data). (researchsquare.com)
  • Not all biological catalysts are protein enzymes: RNA-based catalysts such as ribozymes and ribosomes are essential to many cellular functions, such as RNA splicing and translation. (wikipedia.org)
  • This dissertation describes the fabrication, characterization, development, and application of silicon photonic microring resonator technology to multiplexed protein measurements in a variety of biological systems. (illinois.edu)
  • High-throughput sequencing-RNA affinity profiling (HiTS-RAP) 22 is conceptually similar to RNA-MaP, but uses the E. coli replication terminator protein Tus to stall the RNA polymerase after transcribing the variable section of the DNA library. (nature.com)
  • At the end of the blocking incubation, coincubate the cells with primary mouse antibody against ubiquitin-specific peptidase 8, primary rabbit antibody against neuregulin receptor degradation protein-1, and a marker specific for beta cell identification that was not raised in mouse or rabbit so as not to interfere with the proximity ligation assay signal overnight at four degrees Celsius. (jove.com)
  • Multiplex assays are performed to determine simultaneously the presence or concentration of more than one molecule in the sample being analyzed, or alternatively, several characteristics of a single molecule, such as, the presence of several epitopes on a single protein molecule. (justia.com)
  • Adenine forms several biological compounds involved in a variety of cellular physiological processes such as adenosine triphosphate (ATP) in cellular respiration and deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) in protein synthesis. (hindawi.com)
  • The distortion of the double helix caused by the CPDs is smaller than that of 6-4PPs, and their recognition is performed by the synchronized work of UV-DDB complex and XPC protein [ 3 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • To clarify this issue, we decided to apply a transfection-based assay, named Host Cell Reactivation (HCR), to investigate DNA lesions removal efficacy in the presence of DDB2 Wt protein or DDB2 mutated one. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Predicted to act upstream of or within regulation of protein-containing complex assembly. (jax.org)
  • The H5N1 Inventory is an inclusive compilation of amino acid changes and/or motifs identified within each viral protein that affect one or more biological properties, provided in broad categories. (cdc.gov)
  • Synthesis, in vitro transcription inhibition assays, and biological testing of the hybrids identified a range of potent anti-transcription inhibitors with activity against a range of pathogenic bacteria with MICs as low as 3.1 μM. (edu.au)
  • Unfortunately, problems attributed to the biological and technical variability which can occur between the different steps of the experimental procedures, are associated with the qPCR assay. (biomedcentral.com)
  • and progress in applying qPCR assays to novel assay application areas. (ddw-online.com)
  • To complement that review, HTStec recently undertook a qPCR end user survey to understand current practices and preferences in qPCR assays and instruments, and to identify future user requirements (2). (ddw-online.com)
  • In this article we highlight some of the main findings of the resulting HTStec qPCR Assay Trends market report. (ddw-online.com)
  • It also provides an insight into how qPCR assays are typically undertaken today in many labs and what influences the choice in purchasing qPCR mastermixes and thermal cycling instruments. (ddw-online.com)
  • The alternative is purchasing qPCR bulk reagents separately, where the end user would optimise and validate each assay in their own lab. (ddw-online.com)
  • Bar graphs represent the mean of three independent biological replicate experiments, each analyzed in triplicate by RT-qPCR. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Our research also extends to the study of influenza virus polymerase at high resolution. (csic.es)
  • The detection and evaluation of concentration of influenza virus proteins in biological samples is critical in a broad range of medical and biological investigations regarding the concern over potential outbreaks of virulent influenza strains in animals and humans. (omicsonline.org)
  • The Recombinase Polymerase Amplification (RPA) assay is a versatile alternative to polymerase chain reaction by its simple, fast, inherent enzymatic amplification of nucleic acid at constant temperature. (researchsquare.com)
  • Disclosed are materials and methods for performing multiplex assays for nucleic acids, in which a transponder is associated with the bead(s) forming the solid phase used in the assay, nucleic acid probes are bound to the surface of the particles, and data concerning the assay is encoded on the transponder. (justia.com)
  • This invention relates to materials and methods for detecting nucleic acids in samples and, more particularly, to solid phase assays wherein transponders are associated with the beads constituting the solid phase, nucleic acid probes are bound to the surface of the particles and data concerning the assay is encoded on the transponders. (justia.com)
  • Solid phase assays have been used to determine the presence of nucleic acids, including deoxyribonucleic acids (DNA), ribonucleic acids (RNA) and their modified forms. (justia.com)
  • The biological system is complex with many regulatory features such as DNA, mRNA, proteins, metabolites, and epigenetic features such as DNA methylation and histone post-translational modifications (PTMs). (rsc.org)
  • ADP-ribosylation is a post-translational modification of proteins that occurs mostly in response to cellular stress and is catalysed by members of the diverse poly-ADP-ribose (PAR) polymerase (PARP/ARTD) family. (cipsm.de)
  • The structural and functional integrity of this overhang is based on its association with a constellation of specific proteins, some of them belonging to the shelterin complex [ 10 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • While GG-NER employs UV-DDB heterodimer and XPC complex to initiate the DNA repair process, TC-NER utilizes elongating RNA polymerase II (Pol II) and Cockayne syndrome B (CSB) proteins as damage sensors [ 8 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Temperature has a direct effect on fundamental biological systems, including enzyme activity and correct folding of proteins. (springer.com)
  • An addition to the existing requirements was made by introducing a new molecular technique, called mutant analysis by polymerase chain reaction and restriction enzyme cleavage (MAPREC), for the quality control of the vaccine. (who.int)
  • To investigate the underlying molecular mechanism we analysed binding of polycomb group (PcG) repressive complexes (PRCs) and the spatial organization of the INK4b-ARF-INK4a locus. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Some of the enzymes which generate aromatic radicals that break down most prominent bacterial strains found were isolated and tax- the complex linkages present in lignin to compounds of lower onomically identified using 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) se- molecular weight. (lu.se)
  • Small-molecule fluorophores, such as fluorescein and rhodamine derivatives, are critical tools in modern biochemical and biological research. (janelia.org)
  • With this idea we opened the second major line of our research, the elucidation of the structural basis of transcription and replication mechanisms and for that our plan is to complement structural data with biochemical assays that will allow us to establish the action mechanism. (csic.es)
  • Others join two substrates together, such as DNA polymerase linking a nucleotide to DNA. (wikipedia.org)
  • The global immuno-oncology assay market accounted for $2,769 million in 2018, and is expected to reach $6,179 million by 2026, growing at a CAGR of 10.6% from 2019 to 2026. (alliedmarketresearch.com)
  • Inhibitors of bacterial RNA polymerase transcription complex" by Daniel S. Wenholz, Michael Miller et al. (edu.au)
  • Predicted to enable RNA polymerase II-specific DNA-binding transcription factor binding activity. (jax.org)
  • Such multiagent analysis is difficult because it is usually complicated by interferences between assays and the large number of BWA probes. (cdc.gov)
  • Teaching old dyes new tricks: biological probes built from fluoresceins and rhodamines. (janelia.org)
  • Fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) analysis showed that the number of infiltrated inflammatory macrophages and activated major histocompatibility complex (MHC) II+ microglia decreased in RBP-JcKO mice compared with control mice. (bvsalud.org)
  • The routine diagnosis depends on the detection of specific antibodies to Leptospira by Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) or MAT. (researchsquare.com)
  • The MAT assay detects serogroup-specific antibodies in the late acute phase of the disease and needs the seroconversion to be assessed in paired sera samples. (researchsquare.com)
  • Monoclonal antibodies prepared against Tacaribe and Junin viruses have been used to define further the serological relationships between arenaviruses of the Tacaribe complex. (microbiologyresearch.org)
  • Virus-induced immune complex disease: identification of specific viral antigens and antibodies deposited in complexes during chronic lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus infection. (microbiologyresearch.org)
  • One advantage of this technique is its ability to visualize important mitophagy complexes in vivo in tissues with a rare availability or in small sample numbers. (jove.com)
  • The RPA assay to detect Leptospira DNA was optimized with Leptospira reference strains and its performance characteristic such as analytical, diagnostics and reproducibility were assessed. (researchsquare.com)
  • Yeast one-hybrid (Y1H) experiments suggested that LsARF3 could physically interact with the LsCO promoter, which was further confirmed by a dual luciferase assay in tobacco leaves. (frontiersin.org)
  • Specifically, few Gene Ontology biological processes (BPs) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathways were modulated after a short (24H) compared to a long (48H) treatment. (nature.com)
  • Adenine is involved in a variety of cell biological processes and has been explored for pharmacological uses. (hindawi.com)
  • Biological control of soilborne plant pathogens using beneficial fungi, such as the mycoparasite Trichoderma harzianum , offers the prospect of environmentally benign pest control. (scirp.org)
  • Here we report on a simple and highly accessible approach to convert commercially available customized DNA microarrays of any complexity and density to RNA microarrays via a T7 RNA polymerase-mediated extension of photocrosslinked methyl RNA primers and subsequent degradation of the DNA templates. (nature.com)
  • To estimate the abundance of C. marina complex in marine plankton samples, we developed a protocol based on the droplet digital polymerase chain reaction (ddPCR) assay, with C. marina complex-specific primers targeting the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region of the rDNA. (e-algae.org)
  • ABSTRACT A diagnostic polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay using species-specific primers and direct sequencing was used to identify members of the Anopheles maculipennis complex in the north-west and central regions of the Islamic Republic of Iran. (who.int)
  • Our goal is to solve the polymerase dimer structure that represents the functional complex for replication of RNPs. (csic.es)
  • Massively parallel experimental assays, particularly DNA microarrays and sequencing, have revolutionized genomics research in the last decades. (nature.com)
  • 7 These NHPs were cynomolgus macaques used The World Health Organization (WHO) Rapid Risk As- for preclinical research, drug development, disease sessment of Acute Public Health Events Manual 14 was modelling, experimental infections, and biological used for this risk assessment. (who.int)
  • We developed a fiber-optic, microsphere-based, high-density array composed of 18 species-specific probe microsensors to identify biological warfare agents. (cdc.gov)
  • The limit of detection of RPA assay was estimated as 10 2 copies of genomic DNA was similar to that of PCR assay and it is specific to amplify the pathogenic Leptospira strain rather than non-pathogenic Leptospira strains and other bacterial strains. (researchsquare.com)
  • RNPs are macromolecular complexes composed of the genomic RNA bound to multiple monomers of a nucleoprotein and a single copy of the polymerase. (csic.es)
  • Comparative Epigenomics Reveals that RNA Polymerase II Pausing and Chromatin Domain Organization Control Nematode piRNA Biogenesis. (nyu.edu)
  • A series of hybrid compounds that incorporated anthranilic acid with activated 1H-indoles through a glyoxylamide linker were designed to target bacterial RNA polymerase holoenzyme formation using computational docking. (edu.au)
  • Interactions among microscopic organisms in a complex medium such as soil are difficult to observe and quantify. (scirp.org)
  • As part of this work, we are sampling diverse ecological niches and assaying the biological activity of natural products from microorganisms, which use a vast array of metabolites as chemical communication. (nyu.edu)
  • 2000. TLVs and BEIs: Threshold limit values for chemical substances and physical agents and biological exposure indices. (cdc.gov)
  • Although these mechanisms are often a complex series of steps, there is typically one rate-determining step that determines the overall kinetics. (wikipedia.org)
  • Unlike DNA, which mostly exists as double-stranded structures that are well defined and exhibit low structural and binding diversity, RNA is typically single-stranded and naturally assumes complex three-dimensional structures. (nature.com)
  • One problem with conventional multiplex assays is that they typically cannot detect more than about five analytes simultaneously, because of difficulties with simultaneous detection and differentiation of more than about five analytes. (justia.com)
  • The RPA assay has a good diagnostic agreement with a kappa value of 0.905 (0.837 to 0.974 at 95% CI). (researchsquare.com)
  • The use of international reference materials for designating the activity of biological substances used in prophylaxis or therapy, or for ensuring the reliability of diagnostic procedures, allows comparability of data globally. (who.int)
  • In our study we used the previously de- species occupy disjunctive geographic re- veloped diagnostic polymerase chain reac- gions, although several do overlap in distri- tion (PCR) system [ 6 ] that can differentiate bution. (who.int)
  • These assays are used in clinical trials, as they decrease the cost of research & manual labor and increase the efficiency of experiments and therapies. (alliedmarketresearch.com)
  • it significantly reduces the standard deviation within biological experiments as it takes into account the transfection efficiencies and has easily controllable expression levels. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The increasing complexity and sophistication of biological/biotechnological substances used in human medicine, and the rapid growth in their volume, present a considerable challenge for regulatory authorities, especially in the developing world. (who.int)
  • Recommendations published by WHO are intended to provide guidance for national regulatory authorities and for manufacturers of biological products. (who.int)
  • Today, mainly heterologous production systems are targeted due to the advantage of non-pathogenic hosts as well as uncoupling from complex quorum sensing regulatory networks compared to their natural producer Pseudomonas aeruginosa . (springer.com)
  • A major challenge in systems biology is how to extract meaningful biological insights from large heterogeneous data sets that probe different aspects of gene function. (nyu.edu)
  • The reproducibility assessment with the third-party testing laboratory, revealed better agreement on the performance of the assay with a kappa value of 0.81(0.547 to 1.00 at 95% CI). (researchsquare.com)
  • New assays and biotechnologies, including physicochemical techniques, are also evaluated by the Expert Committee, as appropriate, through collaborative laboratory studies. (who.int)
  • Laboratory automation today is a complex integration of robotics, computers, liquid handling systems and numerous other technologies. (parsipol.com)
  • We simultaneously identified multiple biological warfare agents in environmental samples by looking at specific probe responses after hybridization and response patterns of the multiplexed array. (cdc.gov)
  • However, they do not simultaneously and directly measure the affinity parameters relevant to biological function and are biased towards strongly binding sequences. (nature.com)
  • Oligonucleotides used in gene therapy and silencing are fragile compounds that degrade easily in biological environments. (cipsm.de)
  • In addition, they offer easier & faster analysis of cancer, and are automated as compared to conventional methods, thus fueling the immune-oncology assay market growth. (alliedmarketresearch.com)
  • In conventional solid-phase assays, the solid phase mainly aids in separating molecules that bind to the solid phase from molecules that do not bind to the solid phase. (justia.com)
  • This technique thus allows analysis of mitophagy from limited biological material, which are crucial in precious human pancreatic beta cell samples. (jove.com)
  • cytokine quantitation is thus important in fundamental biological studies and diagnostics, and complex and overlapping cytokine roles make multiplexed measurements especially vital. (illinois.edu)
  • We first developed an AMPAR antagonist DART, with validation in cultured neuronal assays, in slices of mouse dorsal striatum, and in behaving mice. (janelia.org)
  • Osei P, Northcote-Smith J, Fang J, Singh K, Ortu F, Suntharalingam K . The Bulk Breast Cancer Cell and Breast Cancer Stem Cell Activity of Bi-nuclear Copper(II)-Phenanthroline Complexes. (le.ac.uk)
  • We have demonstrated that this extreme conformational variability is closely related with the biological roles of the RNPs. (csic.es)
  • 2014). Prior work has confirmed that ORGANIC resolves the positioning of TFs at high res and provides information on multifactor complexes at binding sites (Kasinathan et al. (eprf.ca)
  • 52 Measure focus using a high-sensitivity assay (e.g. (eprf.ca)
  • Advances in fluorescence microscopy promise to unlock details of biological systems with high spatiotemporal precision. (janelia.org)
  • The RNA polymerase uses this template to generate the RNA. (nature.com)
  • Using the SURVEYOR nuclease assay 13 , we assessed the ability of each Cas9-sgRNA complex to generate indels in human embryonic kidney (HEK) 293FT cells through the induction of DNA doublestranded breaks (DSBs) and subsequent nonhomologous end joining (NHEJ) DNA damage repair (Online Methods). (cdc.gov)
  • There were no significant differences in ITS copies estimated by the ddPCR assay between environmental DNA samples from various localities spiked with the same number of cells of culture strains. (e-algae.org)
  • CHO-k1 cells were also exposed to titanium discs in the MTT assay. (biomedcentral.com)
  • This protocol allows us to monitor endogenous mitophagy complexes in human tissues such as beta cells, facilitating mitophagy research in pivotal translationally-relevant tissues. (jove.com)
  • 2014) and TF-bound complexes (Orsi et al. (eprf.ca)
  • Nematic liquid crystals (NLCs) are complex non-Newtonian fluids - anisotropic fluids with a degree of long-range orientational ordering. (fluids.ac.uk)
  • Conversely, technological development of automated immuno-oncology assay is projected to create lucrative opportunities for the market growth during the forecast period. (alliedmarketresearch.com)
  • Biological materials requiring cold- water supplies and distribution systems, Methods chain were hand carried with escorts, poor sewage disposal systems and pol- observing the packing and shipping lution of the Amu Darya river have con- Approach strategies regulations of the International Air tributed significantly to the spread of In an agreement with the Afghanistan Transport Association. (who.int)
  • Out of 150 dog samples screened Leptospira DNA was detected in 42.6% (64/150) by RPA assay and 44.6% (67/150) by PCR. (researchsquare.com)
  • This has the potential of creating ultra-low-cost acoustofluidics devices, capable of carrying out complex microfluidic processing of samples for applications in flexible and wearable healthcare monitoring. (fluids.ac.uk)
  • The biological variables include the differences in the levels of transcriptional expression of genes between tissues and cell types [ 7 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Finally, we validated these analyses by testing two chromosomal genes ( B2M and ActB ) and a co-transfected gene ( Rluc ) under biological conditions. (biomedcentral.com)