Polymerase cell cycle proteins. Medical search. Frequent questions

Transcription termination factor 2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the TTF2 gene. (wikipedia.org)
Apurinic/apyrimidinic endonuclease 1/redox effector factor 1 (APE1/Ref-1) is a multifunctional protein that is essential in activating oncogenic transcription factors. (oncotarget.com)
A comparison of their known functions has identified, besides a common role within protein folding, multiple roles for the cyclophilins within pre-mRNA splicing and cellular signalling, and within transcription and cell cycle regulation for the parvulins. (biomedcentral.com)
A series of signal transduction events starting from the activation of cyclin-dependent kinase 2 (CDK2) to binding of E2F -target transcription to phosphorylation of Rb helps maintain cell-cycle progression. (bdbiosciences.com)
p300/CBP acetylations play regulatory roles in transcription, DNA repair and replication, the cell cycle, p53 turnover, and nuclear import. (enzolifesciences.com)
They participate in two different transcriptional regulation processes, suggesting an important link between basal transcription control and the cell cycle machinery. (novusbio.com)
S100A8 mRNA and S100A8 protein levels were detected by quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and Western blotting. (medscimonit.com)
In a model with a changing volume that follows the cell cycle, we integrate successively the protein production mechanism (transcription and translation), the random segregation of compounds at divi- sion, and the gene replication. (hal.science)
Previous studies have indicated that KIN17 is involved in global genome repair, DNA replication, transcription and regulation of the cell cycle as part of a multi-protein complex. (spandidos-publications.com)
This is followed with RNA polymerase transcription of the Virus genome into the host mRNA. (bestessaywriters.com)
We investigate the molecular mechanisms, by which RNAs and proteins cooperate to bring about the biological functions of selected RNPs involved in transcription and pre-mRNA splicing. (fu-berlin.de)
In these processes, transcript-borne regulatory RNAs alone or in conjunction with protein factors assemble on the surface of RNAP and accompany the enzyme during further transcription by an RNA looping mechanism, rendering the elongation complex resistant to pause and/or termination signals downstream of the original modification site. (fu-berlin.de)
An integrated model for termination of RNA polymerase III transcription. (icr.ac.uk)
The concerted action of different functional modules is responsible of major biological mechanisms of a cellular process such as DNA transcription, translation, cell cycle control, and so on. (biomedcentral.com)
Additionally, it was revealed that the most relevant genes are involved in biological processes related to signal transduction, positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoters, chemical synaptic transmission, response to drugs, ion transmembrane transport, nervous system development, cell adhesion, and neuron migration. (biomedcentral.com)
This approach involved virus culture combined with real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction detection of 2 viral genes expressed immediately after infection. (cdc.gov)
RNA was subjected to 1-step real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) (QuantiTect Probe RT-PCR kit, Qiagen) in a real-time PCR 7700/7900/7500 sequence detection system (Applied Biosystems, Foster City, CA, USA). (cdc.gov)

SOX9 promotes nasopharyngeal carcinoma cell proliferation, migration and invasion through BMP2 and mTOR signaling. (cancerindex.org)
Overexpression of SOX9 promoted NPC cell proliferation, migration and invasion. (cancerindex.org)
Our study demonstrates that survivin and APE1/Ref-1 are significantly higher in human prostate cancer specimens compared to noncancerous controls and that APE1/Ref-1 redox-specific inhibition with small molecule inhibitor, APX3330 and a second-generation inhibitor, APX2009, decreases prostate cancer cell proliferation and induces cell cycle arrest. (oncotarget.com)
Icariin can inhibit the proliferation and colony forming ability of medulloblastoma cells, induce cell arrest in synthesis phase by inhibiting the expression of cyclin A, cyclin-dependent kinase 2 and cyclin B1, and induce cell apoptosis by regulating the expression of B-cell lymphoma 2, cleaved caspase-3, cleaved caspase-9 and cleaved poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase protein. (ijpsonline.com)
Interference with and overproduction of GRP78 in vitro impacted the proliferation, migration, invasion, and metastasis of HCC cells. (bvsalud.org)
Cell division, proliferation, and apoptosis and death are integral parts of life. (bdbiosciences.com)
Cell proliferation is an increase in the number of cells as a result of growth and division. (bdbiosciences.com)
The balance of cell proliferation and apoptosis is important for both development and normal tissue homeostasis. (bdbiosciences.com)
A number of techniques are used to assess cell proliferation. (bdbiosciences.com)
Using analogs to these nucleosides provides a way to measure cell proliferation. (bdbiosciences.com)
Several cell cycle-associated proteins, such as Ki-67, are also used as indicators of cell proliferation. (bdbiosciences.com)
Fluorescent or nonfluorescent cytoplasmic proliferation dyes can also be used as a measure cell proliferation. (bdbiosciences.com)
BD Biosciences offers BD Horizon™ Violet Proliferation Dye 450 and BD Horizon™ CFSE for the detection of cell proliferation with the violet laser and blue laser, respectively, which facilitates the use of larger panels. (bdbiosciences.com)
Our results suggest that BRCA1 overexpression sensitizes cancer cells to lovastatin via regulation of cyclin D1-CDK4-p21WAF1/CIP1 pathway, which will provide an innovative experimental framework to study control of breast cancer cell proliferation. (nih.gov)
Tan IIA inhibited proliferation of mouse keratinocytes in a dose- and time-dependent manner and induced apoptosis, resulting in S phase arrest accompanied by down-regulation of pCdk2 and cyclin A protein expression. (hindawi.com)
Furthermore, KIN17 is associated with cancer cell proliferation, migration, invasion and cell cycle regulation by regulating pathways including the p38 MAPK, NF‑κB‑Snail and TGF‑β/Smad2 signaling pathways. (spandidos-publications.com)
An MTT assay was used to assess cell proliferation. (spandidos-publications.com)
In-depth study of small non-coding RNA molecules confirmed that microRNA (miR) has an important regulatory role in cell proliferation, differentiation, metabolism, apoptosis and development processes ( 3 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
Under in vitro conditions, changes in the proliferation and invasion ability were detected in myeloma cells. (spandidos-publications.com)
Bowen, 2004} detected keratinocyte proliferation by PCNA (proliferating cell nuclear antigen) marking, 13,9% of keratinocytes were stained, compared with 6,4% in normal skin. (globale-dermatologie.com)
The SignalStain ® Proliferation/Apoptosis IHC Sampler Kit from Cell Signaling Technology allows the researcher to examine paraffin-embedded tissues or cells with antibodies that will detect cellular apoptosis or proliferation. (cellsignal.com)
Each antibody in the SignalStain ® Proliferation/Apoptosis IHC Sampler Kit detects endogenous levels of its target protein and does not cross-react with any related proteins. (cellsignal.com)
Evidence of cell proliferation was obtained by evaluating PCNA (Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen) expression using immunohistochemistry. (umaine.edu)
F1 and F2 males show increased cell proliferation at concentrations as low as 10ppb suggesting a transgenerational effect of arsenic. (umaine.edu)
Molecular changes in lung tissues of F1 generation females suggest increased cell proliferation while the F2 generation shows an inhibition or delay in cell cycle progression. (umaine.edu)
Further screening showed increased cell proliferation. (who.int)

Genetic alterations were used to propose a new molecular classification for cutaneous melanomas, based upon differentially expressed proteins and genes such as B-RAF, K-RAS, cyclin D1 e CDKN2A. (fapesp.br)
General objective: To evaluate the cell-cycle proteins, the supressor genes and oncogenes in acral lentiginous melanomas. (fapesp.br)
The last model integrates then all the genes of the cell and takes into account their interactions in the productions of different proteins through a common sharing of RNA-polymerases and ribosomes, available in limited quantities. (hal.science)
Foxm1, Cdc6 and Cdc25a are three critical genes involved in regulating a normal cell cycle. (umaine.edu)
Altered expression of these genes may lead to abnormalities in the cell cycle and eventually cause genomic instability. (umaine.edu)
It was interesting to detect higher expression of cell cycle genes and proteins in offspring of dams exposed to 10 ppb, especially because it is the maximum allowable level in drinking water. (umaine.edu)
Findings from this study suggest transplacental arsenic exposure alters the expression of genes involved in regulation of the cell cycle and may be a probable mechanism involved in causing human diseases. (umaine.edu)
Here, we report that the guanine nucleotide-binding protein (G protein)-coupled receptor-activated WD-repeat Gβ interacts with the glucocorticoid receptor (GR), comigrates with it into the nucleus and suppresses GR-induced transactivation of the glucocorticoid-responsive genes. (rupress.org)
The gene network of ADHD included 599 genes/proteins and 148,978 interactions, while that of dyslexia included 167 genes/proteins and 27,083 interactions. (biomedcentral.com)
When the ANDSystem and GeneCards data were combined, a total of 213 genes/proteins for ADHD and dyslexia were found. (biomedcentral.com)
To this end, we changed the target of real-time PCR from poxvirus DNA to poxvirus mRNA genes that are highly expressed during the first few hours of the infection cycle. (cdc.gov)
Subsequent differentiation allows for rear- analysis of a set of mouse B lineage cell lines rep- rangements of the Ig light-chain (IgL) genes that replace the resenting defined stages of B cell development us- surrogate light-chain genes on the surface of the B cell [8]. (lu.se)
To reduce the risk of analyzing cell line- pathway can be divided into distinct stages based on the specific features, we used several representative cell lines for recombination status of the Ig genes and on the expression each of four major stages in B cell development: pro-B, pre-B, pattern of surface markers and the presence of intracellular proteins [1- 6]. (lu.se)

This protein interacts with cell division cycle 5-like, associates with human splicing complexes, and plays a role in pre-mRNA splicing. (wikipedia.org)
Inhibition of APE1/Ref-1 redox function significantly reduced NFĸB transcriptional activity, survivin mRNA and survivin protein levels. (oncotarget.com)
Additionally, the mRNA and protein expression of cyclin D1, cyclin-dependent kinase 4 (CDK4) and retinoblastoma protein (pRb), was further down-regulated under exposure to lovastatin in condition of BRCA1 overexpression, but the expression of p21WAF1/CIP1, a cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor (CDKI), was further up-regulated, both in vitro and in vivo detected with quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and Western blot analysis. (nih.gov)
CDK2AP1 mRNA levels were measured using quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and normalised against glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase mRNA. (cancerindex.org)
After differentiating the mutant and corrected cells into lung organoids, we show expression of SFTPB mRNA during endodermal and organoid differentiation but the protein product only after organoid differentiation. (nature.com)
relative mRNA expression was evaluated by real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), and relative protein expressions were measured by western blot assay in an in vitro study. (medscimonit.com)
relative protein expressions were evaluated by immunohistochemistry assay, and relative mRNA expression was evaluated by RT-PCR. (medscimonit.com)
RNAs and proteins can also engage in more transient interactions, for example during co-transcriptional regulation of RNA polymerases or during post-transcriptional regulation of (pre-)mRNA life cycles. (fu-berlin.de)

The protein encoded by this gene is a cyclin-dependent kinase 2 (CDK2) -associated protein which is thought to negatively regulate CDK2 activity by sequestering monomeric CDK2, and targeting CDK2 for proteolysis. (cancerindex.org)
Cyclin-dependent kinase 2-associated protein 1 (CDK2AP1) interacts with CDK2AP2, modulates the actions of transforming growth factor-B1, cyclin-dependent kinase 2 and retinoblastoma protein, and closely interacts with micro-RNA21 and micro-RNA25. (cancerindex.org)
In the hippocampus, one of the first areas affected by the disease, both AD and MCI samples had robust staining for cyclin D1, DNA polymerase, and cyclin B1, proteins that are synthesized only during the G1, S and G2 phases of the cell cycle, respectively. (alzforum.org)
Though they caution that the precise anatomical location of the samples varied from case to case, which could introduce some margin of error, the number of DNA polymerase- and cyclin D1-positive neurons were identical in both MCI and AD tissues, at five percent. (alzforum.org)
Immunocytochemistry/ Immunofluorescence: Cyclin H Antibody (1B8) [H00000902-M01] - Analysis of monoclonal antibody to CCNH on HeLa cell. (novusbio.com)
The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the highly conserved cyclin family, whose members are characterized by a dramatic periodicity in protein abundance through the cell cycle. (novusbio.com)
This cyclin forms a complex with CDK7 kinase and ring finger protein MAT1. (novusbio.com)
This cyclin and its kinase partner are components of TFIIH, as well as RNA polymerase II protein complexes. (novusbio.com)
Cell cycle progression is largely controlled by the activity of cyclin dependent kinases (CDKs) and their cyclin binding partners. (lancs.ac.uk)
Here using an in vitro cell-free DNA replication system we analyse the interplay between Ciz1 and cyclin A/CDK2 in regulation of the initiation phase of DNA replication. (lancs.ac.uk)
This demonstrates that Ciz1 modulates and enhances the activity of cyclin A-CDK2 in cell free DNA replication assays and that Ciz1 increases the permissive CDK range that can promote DNA replication. (lancs.ac.uk)

Our previous results indicate that 5-ASA improves replication fidelity in colorectal cells, an effect that is active in reducing mutations. (nih.gov)
With each replication event the amount of dye in the cell is decreased, leading to a characteristic pattern. (bdbiosciences.com)
This protein was found to also interact with DNA polymerase alpha/primase and mediate the phosphorylation of the large p180 subunit, which suggests a regulatory role in DNA replication during the S-phase of the cell cycle. (cancerindex.org)
Classical models of protein production usually consider a constant volume, without any division or gene replication and with constant concentrations of RNA-polymerases and ribosomes. (hal.science)
KIN17, which is known as a DNA and RNA binding protein, is highly expressed in numerous types of human cancers and was discovered to participate in several vital cell behaviors, including DNA replication, damage repair, regulation of cell cycle and RNA processing. (spandidos-publications.com)
Proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) is a member of the DNA sliding clamp family of proteins that assist in DNA replication (6). (cellsignal.com)
Multiple proteins involved in DNA replication, DNA repair, and cell cycle control bind to PCNA rather than directly associating with DNA, thus facilitating fast processing of DNA (reviewed in 7). (cellsignal.com)
During the mitotic mammalian cell cycle cells faithfully replicate their DNA utilizing multiple DNA replication sites known as origins of replication. (lancs.ac.uk)
Replication proceeds bi-directionally from a minority of potential origins licensed for replication by a variety of replication factor proteins. (lancs.ac.uk)
Replication is catalysed by processive replication enzymes known as DNA polymerases and is limited to the synthesis phase (S phase) of the cell cycle. (lancs.ac.uk)
Next the inhibitory effect of Ap4A in cell free DNA replication assays is studied. (lancs.ac.uk)
Here we find that the replication fork progresses at 1.3kbp/min in mouse fibroblast cells, consistent with other studies, and quantify replication fork stalling by replication inhibitor aphidicolin. (lancs.ac.uk)
These data demonstrate the potential for cell free DNA replication assays to be combined with DNA combing to dissect replication parameters and characterise DNA replication stress in future studies. (lancs.ac.uk)
The only diagnostic approach to identify replication-competent poxvirus particles is their propagation in a suitable cell culture system. (cdc.gov)
We combined a cell culture approach that identifies virus replication with the speed and sensitivity of real-time PCR. (cdc.gov)

All 16 laboratories testing Module A performed reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) for both RNA and serotype detection. (who.int)

For a quantitative comparison, the authors counted cell cycle-positive neurons in the hippocampal samples. (alzforum.org)
Real‑time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and western blot analyses were used to detect SPRY2 expression and miR‑21 protein expression levels. (spandidos-publications.com)
Real‑time quantitative PCR and western blot analysis showed that in the MM cell lines with high endogenous miR‑21 expression (RPMI8226 and KM3), SPRY2 expression was significantly lower. (spandidos-publications.com)
The quantitative detection of the HUMARA gene was done by polymerase chain reaction on 38 non genital specimens in women. (globale-dermatologie.com)
Gene and protein expression were examined in the lungs of first generation (F1) and second generation (F2) mice with Quantitative Real Time Polymerase Chain Reaction (qRTPCR), and Immunoblotting. (umaine.edu)

This protein also forms a core subunit of the nucleosome remodeling and histone deacetylation (NURD) complex that epigenetically regulates embryonic stem cell differentiation. (cancerindex.org)
Bacteria transcribe their genomes with the help of multi-subunit RNA polymerases (RNAPs), which comprise two large β and β' subunits that form the active site, two regulatory α subunits and an ω subunit that supports RNAP assembly. (fu-berlin.de)
CDC2 is a catalytic subunit of the highly conserved protein kinase complex known as M-phase promoting factor (MPF) , which is essential for G1/S and G2/M phase transitions of eukaryotic cell cycle. (caslab.com)

Purified DNA will be analyzed for 37 types of HPV by means of a multiplex polymerase-chain-reaction (PCR) assay targeted to the conserved L1 region of the viral genome, using PGYM09/11 primer pools and primers for ß-globin (33). (cdc.gov)

Yang and colleagues used antibodies to test the presence of various cell cycle proteins in MCI, AD, and control brain samples taken at autopsy. (alzforum.org)
This is attributable to the cell-mediated memory that causes the creation of neutralising antibodies that target the H protein of the measles virus (Walsh, 2011). (bestessaywriters.com)
Antibodies are purified by protein A and peptide affinity chromatography. (cellsignal.com)
1 day to reliably detect poxvirus proteins with specific antibodies. (cdc.gov)
cells are activated by interaction with antigens and obtain T indicated that the cell lines representing a defined cell help, they mature into terminally differentiated plasma stage generally presented a high similarity in over- cells secreting large amounts of antibodies [10 -12]. (lu.se)
The novel coronavirus pandemic incited unprecedented demand for assays that detect viral nucleic acids, viral proteins, and corresponding antibodies. (cdc.gov)
Nineteen national-level public health laboratories performed routine dengue diagnostic assays on a proficiency testing panel consisting of two modules: one containing commercial serum samples spiked with cultured dengue viruses for the detection of nucleic acid and non-structural protein 1 (NS1) (Module A) and one containing human serum samples for the detection of anti-dengue virus antibodies (Module B). A review of logistics arrangements was also conducted. (who.int)

By single-cell whole-genome sequencing, we established that kinesin-induced targeted mis-segregations predominantly result in chromosomal arm aneuploidies after a single cell division. (bvsalud.org)
The measles virus genome encodes 8 proteins, 6 structural proteins and 2 are responsible for viral entry. (bestessaywriters.com)
DNA is replicated to provide each daughter cell a complete copy of the genome. (lancs.ac.uk)

Moreover, Al-positive samples exhibited a significant decrease in the number of apoptotic cells, as well as the expression of the anti-apoptotic molecule BCL-2. (bvsalud.org)
In the final stages of the process, dying cells become fragmented into apoptotic bodies and consequently are eliminated by phagocytic cells without significant inflammatory damage to surrounding cells. (bdbiosciences.com)
Obviously, this is not the case, leading Yang and colleagues to posit that these neurons are probably stuck for months or even a year in a cell cycle they cannot complete, and that they may not die by a typical apoptotic process. (alzforum.org)
The effects of expression of the S100A8 gene by endometrial cancer cells was investigated by the MTT assay, cell cycle and apoptotic assays, qRT-PCR, and Western blotting. (medscimonit.com)
Protein and gene expression of apoptotic signaling pathway-related proteins such as caspase-3, cytochrome c, and PARP were determined to provide evidence for the mechanisms of action of Tan IIA in the treatment of psoriasis. (hindawi.com)
Apoptotic cells which nucleolus shrinked and rounded could be coloured orange by fluorescent colouration. (researchgate.net)
Survivin is a 16 kDa anti-apoptotic protein highly expressed during fetal development and cancer cell malignancy (3). (cellsignal.com)

Because APE1/Ref-1 is expressed and elevated in prostate cancer, we sought to characterize APE1/Ref-1 expression and activity in human prostate cancer cell lines and determine the effect of selective reduction-oxidation (redox) function inhibition on prostate cancer cells in vitro and in vivo . (oncotarget.com)
Our in vitro studies included scratch wound-healing migration assays and transwell assays to examine PPI's effect on HCC cell migration and invasion. (bvsalud.org)
The proliferative ability of MCF-7 cells treated with lovastatin was reduced compared to normal, and further decreased in the presence of excess BRCA1, detected by methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium and flow cytometry techniques in vitro or by 5-bromodeoxyuridine incorporation in vivo. (nih.gov)
If AD neurons in-vivo died as soon as 12 hours after entry into the cell cycle (as shown in vitro and in developing mouse brain in vivo), and five percent of cells were dying at any one time (as shown in this study), then it would take less than a year for complete neuronal ablation. (alzforum.org)
The aim of this study was to investigate the expression and silencing of the S100A8 gene, which encodes the S100 calcium-binding protein A8 (S100A8), and apoptosis and phosphorylation of protein kinase B (Akt) in tissue samples of endometrial carcinoma and HEC-1A endometrial adenocarcinoma cells in vitro . (medscimonit.com)
Surfactant is produced by alveolar type II cells which can be differentiated in vitro from patient specific induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived lung organoids. (nature.com)
Gene therapy has been utilized successfully to repair or inactivate mutations in animal models of monogenic human diseases 19 as well as human in vitro cells 12 . (nature.com)
The aim of the present investigation was to elucidate the cellular mechanisms whereby Tanshinone IIA (Tan IIA) leads to cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in vitro in keratinocytes, the target cells in psoriasis. (hindawi.com)
We investigated the effects of various concentrations of Tan IIA (5-10 μ g/mL) on mouse keratinocytes and human HaCat cells in vitro to confirm this hypothesis. (hindawi.com)
Data from the F1 generation support in vitro studies of arsenic-related cell cycle dysregulation done in other laboratories. (umaine.edu)

A key feature of prostate cancer progression is the induction and activation of survival proteins, including the Inhibitor of Apoptosis (IAP) family member survivin. (oncotarget.com)
We investigated the presence of aluminium (Al) in human colon cancer samples and its potential association with biological processes involved in cancer progression, such as epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) and cell death. (bvsalud.org)
Epidemiologic, animal, and laboratory studies suggest that 5-amino-salicylic acid (5-ASA) protects from the development of CRC by altering cell cycle progression and by inducing apoptosis. (nih.gov)
In this study, we hypothesized that 5-ASA restrains cell cycle progression by activating checkpoint pathways in colorectal cell lines, which would prevent tumor development and improve genomic stability. (nih.gov)
Cell cycle progression, phosphorylation, and DNA binding of cell cycle checkpoint proteins were analyzed. (nih.gov)
We found that 5-ASA at concentrations between 10 and 40 mmol/L affects cell cycle progression by inducing cells to accumulate in the S phase. (nih.gov)

Furthermore, Tan IIA-induced apoptosis and mitochondrial membrane potential changes were also further demonstrated by DNA fragmentation, single-cell gel electrophoresis assay (SCGE), and flow cytometry methods. (hindawi.com)
Flow cytometry was used for analysis of cell cycle. (spandidos-publications.com)

One is Sofosbuvir , which is a nucleotide polymerase inhibitor, and the other is Ledipasvir , which is an NS5A inhibitor. (anticancercure.com)

Chief among the intracellular signals is the phosphorylation of proteins belonging to the pocket protein family, such as p107, p130 and retinoblastoma protein (Rb). (bdbiosciences.com)

Scope includes mutations and abnormal protein expression. (cancerindex.org)
Due to the role of oncogenic transcriptional activators NFĸB and STAT3 in survivin protein expression, and APE1/Ref-1 redox activity regulating their transcriptional activity, we assessed selective inhibition of APE1/Ref-1's redox function as a novel method to halt prostate cancer cell growth and survival. (oncotarget.com)
Also, using 311H as a reagent to trace the kinetic expression of EBV DNase proteins in EBV-infected Akata cells, the Western blotting results indicated that DNase antigen could be detected at 12 h postactivation. (karger.com)
The expression of Bcl-2-associated X protein in low, medium and high dose groups was significantly lower than that in control group and decreased with the increase of dose. (ijpsonline.com)
Western blot analysis and immunofluorescence experiments showed that PPI reduced the expression of GRP78, E-cadherin, N-cadherin, Vimentin, and ABCG2 in SR-HCC cells. (bvsalud.org)
Further examination revealed that PPI hindered the expression of GRP78 protein, resulting in a suppressive effect on SR-HCC cell migration and invasion. (bvsalud.org)
Immunohistochemistry (IHC) was used to detect expression of the S100A8 protein in 74 tissue samples of endometrial cancer and 22 normal endometrial tissue samples. (medscimonit.com)
The good understanding of gene expression requires therefore to resort to stochastic models that are able to characterise the different origins of protein production variability as well as the biological devices that potentially control it. (hal.science)
Receptor interacting protein 1 kinase (RIPK1) is a key mediator of not only a process of regulated necrosis, termed necroptosis, but also promotion of caspase-8-dependent apoptosis and pro-inflammatory gene expression 13 . (nature.com)
The aim of the present study was to assess the effects of sprouty homolog 2 (SPRY2) gene regulation by miR-21 on the occurrence, development and tumor metastasis in multiple myeloma (MM). The miR‑21 expression lentiviral vector (LV)‑anti‑miR‑21 and a liposome transfection method were used to screen MM cell lines with stable silent SPRY2. (spandidos-publications.com)
Numerous fundamental cellular processes, including virtually every aspect of gene expression and regulation, depend on the cooperation of RNAs and proteins. (fu-berlin.de)
Specific RNAs and proteins associate to build up some of the most complex macromolecular machineries of living cells, such as ribosomes and spliceosomes, which mediate particular steps of gene expression. (fu-berlin.de)
the expression levels of protein associated with apoptosis and endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) of SKO-007 cells in various groups were detected by Western blotting method. (researchgate.net)
Let us underline nevertheless that such cytokeratin expression is found in embryonic cell lines and that the study only concerned 10 specimens. (globale-dermatologie.com)
How would one determine if an up regulation of one protein leads to an over expression of another? (stackexchange.com)
Over-expression is typically done with overexpression of protein A from a plasmid containing the coding sequence, driven by a strong promoter that causes high levels of protein synthesis. (stackexchange.com)
Expression of the L1 protein using recombinant DNA technology produces noninfectious virus-like particles (VLPs). (cdc.gov)
immature cell is then subjected to negative selection to delete grouped based on their previously defined pheno- self-reactive cells before it leaves the BM to enter peripheral typic features, and a gene expression pattern for lymphoid organs, where it becomes a mature B cell [9]. (lu.se)
B lymphocyte development is a highly ordered process pro- expression analysis without the use of intermediate amplifica- ceeding from the progenitor cells in the bone marrow (BM) to tion steps. (lu.se)

During the first stage called G1, cells monitor their environment and, when the requisite signals are received, the cells synthesize RNA and proteins to induce growth. (bdbiosciences.com)
Here, we describe a novel strategy to induce mis-segregation of specific chromosomes in different human cell types. (bvsalud.org)
Conclusion: Prion protein 106-126 peptide can induce apoptosis in differentiated PC12 cells and present cellular toxicity definitely. (researchgate.net)

Quality control test: Antibody Reactive Against Recombinant Protein. (novusbio.com)
CCNH (AAH05280, 1 a.a. ~ 110 a.a) partial recombinant protein with GST tag. (novusbio.com)
Antibody reactivity against cell lysate and recombinant protein for WB. (novusbio.com)
Monoclonal antibody is produced by immunizing animals with a recombinant Protein A-PCNA fusion protein, or with a synthetic peptide corresponding to residues surrounding Cys60 of human Survivin. (cellsignal.com)

When conditions are right, cells enter the S stage of the cell cycle and commit to DNA synthesis and replicate their chromosomal DNA. (bdbiosciences.com)
During the synthesis (S) phase of the cell cycle, DNA polymerases incorporate a variety of nucleosides (deoxyadenosine, deoxyguanosine, deoxycytidine and thymidine) into the newly extending strands of DNA. (bdbiosciences.com)
The chemical modification of tRNA bases by sulfur is crucial to tune translation and to optimize protein synthesis. (icr.ac.uk)

Immunohistochemical analysis of paraffin embedded Jurkat cell pellets, untreated (left) or etoposide-treated (right), using Phospho-Histone H3 (Ser10) Antibody, PCNA (PC10) Mouse mAb, Cleaved Caspase-3 (Asp175) Antibody and Survivin (71G4B7E) Rabbit mAb. (cellsignal.com)
These data suggest that Ap4A inhibits initiation by reducing loading of the replicative helicase MCM2-7 and the DNA polymerase sliding clamp PCNA. (lancs.ac.uk)

How would one go about identifying unknown cell cycle checkpoint proteins (i.e., cyclins)? (stackexchange.com)

The cellular thermal shift assay (CETSA) has recently been reported to monitor the binding of ligand to its target protein in cells and tissue samples. (nature.com)
A scratch test/wound healing assay was used to detect the cell migration ability. (spandidos-publications.com)
A Transwell assay was used to detect the cell invasion ability. (spandidos-publications.com)
Cell viability was determined by using the MTT assay and the morphological changes were observed. (researchgate.net)

SPRY2 is a member of the signaling pathway-specific inhibition protein sprouty (SPRY) family. (spandidos-publications.com)

To investigate the effect of icariin on cell cycle and apoptosis of medulloblastoma cells and its mechanism. (ijpsonline.com)
In this study, we sought to investigate the mechanism underlying the inhibitory effect of PPI on the invasion and metastasis of SR-HCC cells. (bvsalud.org)
In those cases, multiple aspects of apoptosis might need to be analyzed to confirm the mechanism of cell death. (bdbiosciences.com)
Then, the inhibitory activity of lovastatin on cancer cells and tumoral xenografts, and the underlying mechanism involving in cell-cycle regulatory proteins were analyzed. (nih.gov)
Taken together with the positive results in many different neuronal populations, this study arrives at the conclusion that ectopic reentrance into the cell cycle is a "unified" mechanism of neurodegeneration, indicative of a "single disease process" in all neurons in many disease states. (alzforum.org)
The mechanism of protein production, to which is dedicated the majority of resources of the bacteria, is highly stochastic: every biochemical reaction that is involved in this process is due to random collisions between molecules, potentially present in low quantities. (hal.science)
In this context, we have analysed the variability of a protein produced with a negative autoregulation mechanism: i.e. in the case where the protein is a repressor of its own gene. (hal.science)
Therefore, based on clinical experience as well as cytotoxic activity against multiple human cancer cells, we hypothesized that induction of apoptosis is the underlying mechanism for the treatment of psoriasis. (hindawi.com)
Mechanism for remodelling of the cell cycle checkpoint protein MAD2 by the ATPase TRIP13. (icr.ac.uk)
Mechanism of selective recruitment of RNA polymerases II and III to snRNA gene promoters. (icr.ac.uk)

These include changes in the plasma membrane (such as loss of membrane symmetry and loss of membrane attachment), a condensation of the cytoplasm and nucleus, protein cleavage, and internucleosomal cleavage of DNA. (bdbiosciences.com)
The authors found a similar pattern in cells outside the hippocampus, such as in the entorhinal cortex and the nucleus basalis of Meynert, areas where AD-related cell cycle reentry has previously been documented. (alzforum.org)
Both endogenous and enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP)-fused Gβ2 and Gγ2 proteins were detected in the nucleus at baseline, whereas a fraction of EGFP-Gβ2 and DsRed2-GR comigrated to the nucleus or the plasma membrane, depending on the exposure of cells to dexamethasone or somatostatin, respectively. (rupress.org)

The term "oncotarget" encompasses all molecules, pathways, cellular functions, cell types, and even tissues that can be viewed as targets relevant to cancer as well as other diseases. (oncotarget.com)
Pack LR, Daigh LH, Meyer T. Putting the brakes on the cell cycle: mechanisms of cellular growth arrest. (bdbiosciences.com)
The H protein targets the cellular receptors of the CD46 and CD150. (bestessaywriters.com)
It might be a perfect model to study the cellular toxicity of prion protein. (researchgate.net)
As resistance against drugs targeting viral proteins emerges rapidly, we assessed the antiviral activity of already approved drugs that target cellular proteins involved in the viral life cycle and were orally bioavailable. (frontiersin.org)

The purpose of this study was to investigate whether breast cancer susceptibility gene 1 (BRCA1) overexpression sensitizes mammary cancer cells to statins. (nih.gov)
MCF-7 cells, which have only one wild-type BRCA1 allele, were transfected with pcDNA3-beta-HA-hsBRCA1 plasmids via liposomes to reconstitute BRCA1 overexpression human breast cancer cell line, and tumoral xenografts with BRCA1 overexpression were subsequently established in BALB/c nude mice. (nih.gov)

This gene encodes a member of the SWI2/SNF2 family of proteins, which play a critical role in altering protein-DNA interactions. (wikipedia.org)
ALMS1 encodes a ~ 0.5 megadalton protein that localises to the base of centrioles. (springer.com)

Methods for detecting apoptosis or dead cells (viability) by cell preparation type. (bdbiosciences.com)
Raji cells were treated by difference methods. (medscimonit.com)
Methods: The human multiple myeloma SKO-007 cells in logarithm growth phase were selected and randomly divided into control group, LDM group, BZM group, and BZM combined with LDM group. (researchgate.net)
Methods: After differentiated by nerve growth factor (NGF), the PC12 cells were infected by prion protein 106-126 peptide. (researchgate.net)
Usually, in bioinformatics a collection of these interactions is modelled as an undirected graph, the protein-protein interaction network ( PPIN ), where nodes represent proteins and edges represent pairwise interactions: it allows us to exploit graph theory methods and solutions. (biomedcentral.com)

Protein complexes are one of the functional modules of the cell: an example of this protein function modules are RNA-polymerase and DNA-polymerase. (biomedcentral.com)
Then, identifying protein complexes with emerging function turns into extracting sub-networks with some emerging properties. (biomedcentral.com)

MIR21 Drives Resistance to Heat Shock Protein 90 Inhibition in Cholangiocarcinoma. (icr.ac.uk)

The peptidyl-prolyl cis / trans isomerase (PPIase) class of proteins is present in all known eukaryotes, prokaryotes, and archaea, and it is comprised of three member families that share the ability to catalyze the cis / trans isomerisation of a prolyl bond. (biomedcentral.com)
The peptidyl-prolyl cis / trans isomerase (PPIase) class of proteins is traditionally comprised of three distinct protein families, the cyclophilins (cyclosporin A binding proteins), FKBPs (FK506 binding proteins) and parvulins, that are linked by their shared ability to catalyse the bond preceding a proline residue between its cis and trans forms. (biomedcentral.com)
How would one determine whether a chemical will upregulate a certain class of proteins? (stackexchange.com)

Last-minute essentials to pass the courseSupports the major textbooks for molecular and cell biology coursesAppropriate for the following courses: Molecular and Cell Biology, Cell Biology, Cytology, Molecular Biology, Molecular Genetics, Genetics, Microbial Genetics, Biotechnology, Molecular Evolution, Evolution. (freepdfbook.com)

Al-positive samples showed a significant increase in both the number of vimentin-positive and nuclear ß-catenin-positive cancer cells compared to Al-negative samples. (bvsalud.org)
Although originally termed histone acetyltransferases (HATs) for their lysine acetylation activity on histone N-terminal tails, CBP and its paralogue, p300, have been shown to acetylate a variety of non-histone proteins including p53, DNA polymerase β and nuclear import factors. (enzolifesciences.com)
Caspase-3 (CPP-32, Apoptain, Yama, SCA-1) is a critical executioner of apoptosis, as it is either partially or totally responsible for the proteolytic cleavage of many key proteins such as the nuclear enzyme poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) (1). (cellsignal.com)

Mitochondrial regulation of apoptosis further downstream was investigated, showing changes in the mitochondrial membrane potential, cytochrome c release into the cytoplasm, and enhanced activation of cleaved caspase-3 and Poly ADP-ribose polymerase (PARP). (hindawi.com)

RNA polymerase III (RNAPIII) synthesizes essential and abundant noncoding RNAs such as transfer RNAs. (icr.ac.uk)
Some long noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) transcribed by RNA polymerase II (RNAPII) are retained on chromatin, where they regulate RNAi and chromatin structure. (unamur.be)

Finally, in the G2 phase, cells continue to grow and prepare for mitosis. (bdbiosciences.com)
Src is overactivated in several cancers, where it transmits signals that promote cell survival, mitosis, and other important cancer hallmarks. (bvsalud.org)
Dramatic change in chromosomal DNA morphology between interphase and mitosis is a defining features of the eukaryotic cell cycle. (icr.ac.uk)
It is required in higher cells for entry into S-phase and mitosis. (caslab.com)

CDK1, also named as CDC2, belongs to the protein kinase superfamily, CMGC Ser/Thr protein kinase family and CDC2/CDKX subfamily.CDC2 plays a key role in the control of the eukaryotic cell cycle. (caslab.com)

Prostate-specific antigen (PSA) is a protein produced by normal prostate cells. (medscape.com)

The encoded protein has been shown to have dsDNA-dependent ATPase activity and RNA polymerase II termination activity. (wikipedia.org)

Molecular Cell. (wikipedia.org)
High molecular weight cytokeratin (1/68kD, 19/56,6 kD) was replaced by simple cytokeratin (8/52kD, 18/45kD) which is found in neoplasic cells. (globale-dermatologie.com)
Schaum's Easy Outline Molecular and Cell Biology is a pared-down, simplified, and tightly focused review of the topic. (freepdfbook.com)
Expert tips for mastering molecular and cell biology. (freepdfbook.com)
Easy-to-follow review of molecular and cell biology. (freepdfbook.com)
Supports all the major textbooks for molecular and cell biology courses. (freepdfbook.com)

The biological activity of a cell is not defined by the proteins functions per se [ 1 ], what it is really important is the interactions among proteins. (biomedcentral.com)

This then leads to incorrect chromosome arrangement and segregation, resulting in cell division failure. (bvsalud.org)
Indeed, in a clone of cells, only one of the alleles is expressed, because the same X chromosome is inactivated by lyonisation{Allen, 1992}, in a clone, whereas in normal {Nakamura, 2001} skin (polyclonal), the inactivated HUMARA gene allele isn't always on the same X chromosome. (globale-dermatologie.com)
No chromosome was found contrary to an extra chromosome 5 in the basal cell carcinoma. (globale-dermatologie.com)

The non-receptor tyrosine kinase Src plays a key role in cell division, migration, adhesion, and survival. (bvsalud.org)
This report demonstrates that CETSA can not only quantitatively evaluate the drug-TE in mouse peripheral blood, but also confirm TE in animal tissues exemplified by using the receptor interacting protein 1 kinase (RIPK1) lead compound we have developed. (nature.com)

RNA-based processive anti-termination is exemplified by the polymerase utilization ( put ) signal of phage HK022. (fu-berlin.de)

It is a component of the kinase complex that phosphorylates the repetitive C-terminus of RNA polymerase II. (caslab.com)

Objective: To investigate the effects of prion protein 106-126 peptide on inducing apoptosis in differentiated PC12 cells. (researchgate.net)

Alveolar type II (ATII) epithelial cells synthesize, secrete and recycle all components of surfactant and dysfunction in surfactant metabolism can result in a variety of pediatric lung diseases including respiratory distress syndrome and interstitial lung disease 3 . (nature.com)

The protein encoded by this gene, together with spectrin and actin, constitute the red cell membrane cytoskeletal network. (cancerindex.org)

These proteins are the components of the viral envelope that together they mediate integration of the virus into the cells in the upper respiratory tract. (bestessaywriters.com)

Anatomy16

Organisms13

Diseases3

Chemicals and Drugs119

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment28

Phenomena and Processes78

Disciplines and Occupations1

Information Science3

Health Care3

Transcription17

Proliferation26

Genes13

MRNA8

Cyclin11

Replication15

Reverse Transcri1

Quantitative5

Subunit3

Chain Reaction1

Antibodies7

Genome3

Apoptotic7

Vitro10

Progression6

Flow Cytometry2

Inhibitor1

Phosphorylation1

Expression19

Induce3

Recombinant4

Synthesis3

PCNA2

Cyclins1

Assay4

Pathway1

Mechanism10

Nucleus3

Cellular5

Overexpression2

Encodes2

Methods5

Complexes2

Inhibition1

Class of proteins3

Genetics1

Nuclear3

PARP1

RNAs2

Mitosis4

Eukaryotic cell cycle1

Antigen1

ATPase1

Molecular6

Interactions1

Chromosome3

Receptor2

Termination1

Kinase complex1

Peptide1

Metabolism1

Membrane1

Mediate1