Almost all curare preparations were and are complex mixtures, and many of the physiological actions attributed to the early curarizing preparations were undoubtedly due to impurities, particularly to other alkaloids present. (wikipedia.org)
In 1895 pharmacologist Rudolf Boehm sought to classify the various alkaloid poisons based on the containers used for their preparation. (wikipedia.org)
Antidote2
in fact, Mithridates is said to have built up an immunity against poisons by regularly ingesting small amounts of them, and in the Middle Ages the word 'mithridate' meant a potent antidote. (dhushara.com)
These poisons cause weakness of the skeletal muscles and, when administered in a sufficient dose, eventual death by asphyxiation due to paralysis of the diaphragm. (wikipedia.org)
Mithridates earned the title 'the Great' for challenging Rome and taking over much of what is now Asia Minor, but he also had a reputation for leamedness, having described most of the plants of his kingdom, especially poisons and their antidotes. (dhushara.com)
In 1596, Sir Walter Raleigh mentioned the arrow poison in his book Discovery of the Large, Rich, and Beautiful Empire of Guiana (which relates to his travels in Trinidad and Guayana), though the poison he described was possibly not curare. (wikipedia.org)
Tube or bamboo curare: Mainly composed of the toxin D-tubocurarine, this poison is found packed into hollow bamboo tubes derived from Chondrodendron and other genera in the Menispermaceae. (wikipedia.org)
Botulism is poisoning that is due to Clostridium botulinum toxin and that affects the peripheral nerves. (merckmanuals.com)
Botulinum toxin is best known to clinicians as a deadly poison produced by the Clostridium botulinum bacterium. (medscape.com)
Conium4
A large patch of Poison Hemlock (conium maculatum) turns up in a Bear Mead field. (eyemead.com)
By far the more familiar species is Conium maculatum (Hemlock or Poison Hemlock). (eyemead.com)
Although many have questioned whether this is a factual account, careful attention to Plato's words, modern and ancient medicine, and other ancient Greek sources point to the above account being consistent with Conium poisoning. (eyemead.com)
Arrows4
The prey was shot by arrows or blowgun darts dipped in curare, leading to asphyxiation owing to the inability of the victim's respiratory muscles to contract. (wikipedia.org)
In particular, the poison was used by the Kalinago, indigenous people of the Lesser Antilles in the Caribbean, on the tips of their arrows. (wikipedia.org)
And his research into plants that produced curare-a poison applied to arrows, mostly for hunting monkeys and other prey-in the 1940s and 50s became foundational. (atlasobscura.com)
Greek Fire, Poison Arrows & Scorpion Bombs: Biological and Chemical Warfare in the Ancient World by Adrienne Mayor is a good start. (myarmoury.com)
Strychnos2
The curare preparations are now considered to be of two main types, those from Chondrodendron or other members of the Menispermaceae family and those from Strychnos, a genus of the Loganiaceae [ now Strychnaceae ] family. (wikipedia.org)
A pharmacological study of derivatives of 2 specimens of tubo-curare, and an examination of 4 members of genus Strychnos and 1 rubiaceous plant associated with the curares of British Guiana. (nih.gov)
Neutralize2
A role borne by a molecule that acts to counteract or neutralize the deleterious effects of curare. (ebi.ac.uk)
China had a repeating crossbow and reportedly the bolts were dipped in poison as the crossbow lacked penetrating power. (myarmoury.com)
Toxic2
According to their LD50 values, tube curare is thought to be the most toxic. (wikipedia.org)
Pot curare: Mainly composed of alkaloid components protocurarine (the active ingredient), protocurine (a weak toxicity), and protocuridine (non-toxic) from both Menispermaceae and Loganiaceae/Strychnaceae. (wikipedia.org)
Darts1
Needles of poison, curare, and frenzy live on as darts. (develz.org)
Strychnine1
In medicine, curare has been used as a treatment for tetanus and strychnine poisoning and as a paralyzing agent for surgical procedures. (wikipedia.org)
Bark3
Curare is prepared by boiling the bark of one of the dozens of plant sources, leaving a dark, heavy paste that can be applied to arrow or dart heads. (wikipedia.org)
a paralysing poison extracted from the bark of certain S. American trees. (absp.org.uk)
The word comes from a paralytic poison found on some rainforest plants, and Bruce references that obliquely when he says that Curare is as deadly as her name. (batman-news.com)
Victim2
The most famous victim of hemlock poisoning is the philosopher Socrates. (eyemead.com)
Having seized its victim it injects a special poison and digestive enzyme which takes effect immediately. (aquapress-bleher.com)
Prey1
Due to its popularity among the indigenous people as means of paralyzing prey, certain tribes would create monopolies from curare production. (wikipedia.org)
Plants1
Before emerging from the densely packed forest and the canopy of trees, Vics showed us several medicinal plants like the the curare and annatto (lipstick tree). (greencaviartravelblog.com)
Indians1
Not curare, but an even more powerful poison is extracted by the indians from the skin glands of the poison-arrow frog. (aquapress-bleher.com)
Common name1
kuu-RAH-ree or kyuu-RAH-ree) is a common name for various alkaloid arrow poisons originating from plant extracts. (wikipedia.org)
He appears to have been poisoned, and the most likely suspect is the very intellectual daughter of the family, Felicity, who had been conducting a bit of research into poisons. (blogspot.com)
Word1
The word 'curare' is derived from wurari, from the Carib language of the Macusi of Guyana. (wikipedia.org)
Save1
It is therefore possible to save the life of someone poisoned with curare by giving him the kiss of life. (lloydianaspects.co.uk)
Plant3
Richard Gill, a plant collector, found that the indigenous peoples began to use a variety of containers for their curare preparations, henceforth invalidating Boehm's basis of classification. (wikipedia.org)
All plant parts are poisonous but once the plant is dried, the poison is greatly reduced, although not gone completely. (eyemead.com)
It has been observed that poisoned animals tend to return to feed on this plant. (eyemead.com)
Treatment1
Treatment of poison cases by establishment of a strong diuresis. (gutenberg.org)
Subject1
Posted: Sun 19 Sep, 2010 1:14 pm Post subject: Poisoned weapons? (myarmoury.com)
Muscle1
Then in the 1940s and early 1950s, there came the introduction of muscle relaxants, firstly with curare (the South American Indian poison, but not administered by native blowpipe) and then agents less dangerous. (pattayamail.com)