• Atropa belladonna, commonly known as belladonna or deadly nightshade, is a toxic perennial herbaceous plant in the nightshade family Solanaceae, which also includes tomatoes, potatoes and eggplant (aubergine). (wikipedia.org)
  • Tropane alkaloids are of common occurrence not only in the Old World tribes Hyoscyameae (to which the genus Atropa belongs) and Mandragoreae, but also in the New World tribe Datureae - all of which belong to the subfamily Solanoideae of the plant family Solanaceae. (wikipedia.org)
  • Atropa belladonna has unpredictable effects. (wikipedia.org)
  • Atropa belladonna has a long history of use as a medicine, cosmetic, and poison. (wikipedia.org)
  • Known originally under various folk names (such as "deadly nightshade" in English), the plant was named Atropa belladonna by Carl Linnaeus (1707-1778) when he devised his classification system. (wikipedia.org)
  • citation needed] The use of deadly nightshades as a poison was known in ancient Rome, as attested by the rumour that the Roman empress Livia Drusilla used the juice of Atropa belladonna berries to murder her husband, the emperor Augustus. (wikipedia.org)
  • The modern pharmacological study of Atropa belladonna extracts was begun by the German chemist Friedlieb Ferdinand Runge (1795-1867). (wikipedia.org)
  • Atropa belladonna is a branching herbaceous perennial rhizomatous hemicryptophyte, often growing as a subshrub from a fleshy rootstock. (wikipedia.org)
  • There is a pale-yellow flowering form called Atropa belladonna var. (wikipedia.org)
  • Atropa belladonna is native to temperate southern, Central and Eastern Europe, Turkey, Iran and the Caucasus, but has been cultivated and introduced outside its native range. (wikipedia.org)
  • Left Image: Red Arrow points to Atropa belladonna, Solanaceae, Deadly Nightshade. (jeffreydachmd.com)
  • In fact, scopolia may be said to be a blend of the Solanaceae species Atropa and genus Hyoscyamus. (herbs2000.com)
  • The toxic berry of Atropa belladonna which contains the tropane deliriants scopolamine , atropine , and hyoscyamine . (wikipedia.org)
  • The term "tropane" is derived from just one genus in the family Solanaceae - Atropa (the belladonna genus), named after the Greek Fate, Atropos, who cut the thread of life. (allaboutheaven.org)
  • All parts of the plant contain tropane alkaloids[254]. (pfaf.org)
  • The book contains over 100 years of research on nightshades (drug plants) which are closely related to the Solanaceae family of plants, some of which are highly toxic as the deadly nightshade. (jeffreydachmd.com)
  • It has also been used as an antidote in cases of mushroom or toadstool poisoning[7]. (pfaf.org)
  • A. belladonna is sometimes confused with the much less poisonous black nightshade, Solanum nigrum, belonging to a different genus within Solanaceae. (wikipedia.org)
  • Broadly speaking, the genus Scopolia includes five species of inflorescent plants belonging to the Solanaceae family that are indigenous to Europe and Asia. (herbs2000.com)
  • Liliales) is a genus of perennial herbs known for the production of unique bioactive steroidal alkaloids. (bvsalud.org)
  • Our data represent the first cross-species analysis of steroidal alkaloid biosynthesis in the genus Veratrum and indicate that the metabolic properties of V. maackii and V. nigrum are broadly conserved despite their distinct alkaloid profiles. (bvsalud.org)
  • The berries are sweet and are consumed by animals that disperse the seeds in their droppings, even though they contain toxic alkaloids (see Toxicity). (wikipedia.org)
  • Although most tropane alkaloids cause an anticholinergic syndrome, a case report indicates that the tropane alkaloid-containing medicinal herb Erycibe henri Prain ("Ting Kung Teng") contains a tropane alkaloid that may cause a cholinergic syndrome, as well as kidney, liver, and erythrocyte toxicity. (medscape.com)
  • Toxicity from plants containing tropane alkaloids manifests as classic anticholinergic poisoning. (medscape.com)
  • Linnaeus chose the species name belladonna ("beautiful woman" in Italian) in reference to the cosmetic use of the plant during the Renaissance, when women used the juice of the berries in eyedrops intended to dilate the pupils and make the eyes appear more seductive. (wikipedia.org)
  • Many cultures worldwide add plants with tropane alkaloids (particularly Datura species) to alcoholic beverages to increase intoxication. (medscape.com)
  • [2] [3] A number of plant deliriants such as that of the Solanaceae family , particularly in the Americas have been used by some indigenous cultures to reach delirious and altered states for traditions or rituals, such as rites of passage, divination or communicating with the ancestors . (wikipedia.org)
  • The foliage and berries are extremely toxic when ingested, containing tropane alkaloids. (wikipedia.org)
  • The alkaloid content also varies according to the development of the plant, being low when the plant is flowering and very high when bearing green berries[240]. (pfaf.org)
  • These alkaloids inhibit the parasympathetic nervous system which controls involuntary body activities. (pfaf.org)
  • Indian belladonna has very similar uses to the related deadly nightshade (A. bella-donna). (pfaf.org)
  • [ 1 ] The alkaloids represent a very diverse group of medically significant compounds that include well-known drugs such as the opiates. (medscape.com)
  • Alkaloids are plant metabolites that have a nitrogen-containing chemical ring structure, alkali-like chemical reactivity, and pharmacologic activity. (medscape.com)
  • We propose that ERF1A, CYP90G1-1 and CYP76AH1 are specifically involved in the key steps of steroidal alkaloid biosynthesis in V. maackii roots. (bvsalud.org)
  • Recently, Datura has been used as a recreational hallucinogen in the United States, resulting in sporadic cases of anticholinergic poisoning and death. (medscape.com)
  • Chinese herbal medicines containing tropane alkaloids have been used to treat asthma, chronic bronchitis, pain, and flu symptoms. (medscape.com)
  • The tropane alkaloids atropine, scopolamine, and hyoscyamine are highly anticholinergic compounds found in a number of plants. (medscape.com)
  • The effect of nano-silver particles (AgNPs) at concentrations of 0, 25, 50, 100, and 200 mg/L on tropane alkaloids synthesis, particularly hyoscyamine and scopolamine, was studied in transgenic hairy root cultures. (bvsalud.org)
  • Tropane alkaloids (TAs) are widely distributed in the Solanaceae, while some important medicinal tropane alkaloids (mTAs), such as hyoscyamine and scopolamine, are restricted to certain species/tribes in this family. (bvsalud.org)
  • The study demonstrated the potential of nano-silver as an elicitor for promoting the production of target alkaloids in Hyoscyamus muticus hairy root cultures, which exhibit high biological activity. (bvsalud.org)
  • Many cultures worldwide add plants with tropane alkaloids (particularly Datura species) to alcoholic beverages to increase intoxication. (medscape.com)
  • Recently, Datura has been used as a recreational hallucinogen in the United States, resulting in sporadic cases of anticholinergic poisoning and death. (medscape.com)
  • The cereal was found to have been contaminated with tropane alkaloids from seeds of Datura stramonium that had invaded grain fields. (medscape.com)
  • Datura is a genus of 12-15 species of vespertine flowering plants belonging to the family Solanaceae. (findmeacure.com)
  • The dose-response curve for the combination of alkaloids is very steep, so people who consume datura can easily take a potentially fatal overdose. (findmeacure.com)
  • Although most tropane alkaloids cause an anticholinergic syndrome, a case report indicates that the tropane alkaloid-containing medicinal herb Erycibe henri Prain ("Ting Kung Teng") contains a tropane alkaloid that may cause a cholinergic syndrome, as well as kidney, liver, and erythrocyte toxicity. (medscape.com)
  • [ 14 ] This is considered atypical for the tropane alkaloids, which are predominantly strongly anticholinergic. (medscape.com)
  • Toxicity from plants containing tropane alkaloids manifests as classic anticholinergic poisoning. (medscape.com)
  • Stramonium has been employed in all the conditions for which belladonna is more commonly used, but acts much more strongly on the respiratory organs, and has acquired special repute as one of the chief remedies for spasmodic asthma, being used far more as the principal ingredient in asthma powders and cigarettes than internally. (findmeacure.com)
  • Chinese herbal medicines containing tropane alkaloids have been used to treat asthma, chronic bronchitis, pain, and flu symptoms. (medscape.com)
  • Symptoms usually occur 30-60 minutes after ingestion and may continue for 24-48 hours because tropane alkaloids delay gastric emptying and absorption. (medscape.com)
  • In transgenic hairy root cultures, AgNPs application at a concentration of 100 mg/L resulted in the highest total tropane alkaloid production, which exhibited broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity. (bvsalud.org)
  • It is considered slightly more sedative to the central nervous system than is belladonna. (findmeacure.com)
  • Alkaloids are plant metabolites that have a nitrogen-containing chemical ring structure, alkali-like chemical reactivity, and pharmacologic activity. (medscape.com)
  • The hairy root culture technique can be used to increase secondary metabolites such as tropane alkaloids. (bvsalud.org)