Point chromosome mapping. Medical search. Frequent questions

They found that during evolution, a reshuffling of DNA known as translocation brought together separate chunks of sex-determining genes onto a single chromosome, essentially mimicking the human X or Y chromosome. (phys.org)
In the 1960's, Japanese-American geneticist and evolutionary biologist Susumu Ohno proposed a theory in which the genes determining sex first arose at various spots scattered across the entire genome , but over time were "captured" on the sex chromosomes. (phys.org)
In C. amylolentus , dozens of genes at two different locations on the chromosomes control what's called a tetrapolar, or four-part, mating system. (phys.org)
The researchers sequenced the entire genome of C. amylolentus , mapping the location of all the genes as well as the centromeres on each of the organism's 14 chromosomes. (phys.org)
We mapped all estrogen receptor and RNA polymerase II binding sites on a genome-wide scale, identifying the authentic cis binding sites and target genes, in breast cancer cells. (nature.com)
Researchers, using novel large-scale imaging technology, have mapped the spatial location of individual genes in the nucleus of human cells and identified 50 cellular factors required for the proper three-dimensional (3D) positioning of genes. (nih.gov)
Although genes can be visualized routinely and their positions determined using fluorescence in situ hybridization, or FISH, this mapping method has traditionally been limited to the analysis of a few samples at a time and cannot be used for large-scale genome mapping. (nih.gov)
By collecting data continuously from automated microscopes for 27 days and then analyzing more than three million data points, the scientists were able to identify 50 cellular factors that determine the location of genes in the cell nucleus. (nih.gov)
During translocations, chromosomes break and reattach, which can cause the fusion of otherwise unconnected genes, resulting in hybrid genes whose protein products may contribute to the development of cancer. (nih.gov)
The new system can be used to map the genes of various polyploids, such as forages, kiwi and blueberry, as well as sugarcane. (fapesp.br)
As a scientist she has been involved in mapping the human genome and identifying genes and mutations, which give rise to heritable disorders. (bepress.com)
Individuals from a given generation of a population mate to produce offspring who inherit genes (chromosomes) from both parents. (r-bloggers.com)
Chromosomes (sequences of genes) are modeled as vectors of 1's and 0's with a 1 indicating the presence of a feature and a 0 its absence. (r-bloggers.com)
Comparative genomic hybridisation (CGH) was used to screen 76 vestibular schwannomas from 76 patients (66 sporadic and 10 NF2 related) to identify other chromosome regions that may harbour genes involved in the tumorigenesis. (bmj.com)
Mapping of human genes. (unipv.it)
We used genome-wide association studies (GWAS) and map-based cloning approaches to clone genes controlling the color of lettuce seeds. (bvsalud.org)
Notably, three major QTLs qSL-LG3-2, qSW-LG3-2, and qSW-LG3-F2 that accounted for 4.94-16.34% of the phenotypic variations were co-localized in a 2.08 Mb interval on chromosome 1 (chr1) with 279 candidate genes. (bvsalud.org)
Furthermore, 88 MsWRKY genes were unevenly mapped on eight chromosomes in alfalfa. (bvsalud.org)
Genes and Chromosomes Genes are segments of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) that contain the code for a specific protein that functions in one or more types of cells in the body or the code for functional ribonucleic. (msdmanuals.com)
The potential for understanding human genetics increased greatly when the scientists behind the Human Genome Project successfully identified and mapped all the genes on human chromosomes in 2003. (msdmanuals.com)
Until ten years ago, it was hoped that the mapping of the human genome - all our genes - would enable us to better understand the course of different diseases. (lu.se)
This means taking different types of cancer, for example, as the starting point and trying to identify the genes and the different protein variants that differ between healthy and ill individuals. (lu.se)

Centromeres provide chromosomal points of attachment to the cellular segregation machinery, linking chromosomes to the proteins that pull them to the cell poles during both somatic and germline cell divisions. (jax.org)
The AT locus was mapped to the chromosomal region 11q22-23 using genetic linkage analysis in the late 1980s and the causative gene was identified by positional cloning several years later. (bmj.com)
Whereas some tumors presented patterns of LOH consistent with the loss of a complete chromosomal arm or of large portions of the chromosome, a high proportion of the analyzed tumors showed interstitial losses. (cnrs.fr)

Mutations that disrupt centromere integrity or reduce homology between X- and Y-linked PARs can lead to chromosome segregation errors and constitute important genetic mechanisms for cancer, cellular senescence, and infertility. (jax.org)
Point mutations are the most usual constitutional NF2 mutations in NF2 patients, whereas small deletions are the main causal event in unilateral sporadic vestibular schwannoma. (bmj.com)

Each parent contributes half of our genetic coding, in that each provides half of the DNA at each point on our genetic map. (justia.com)
Despite their fundamental significance for chromosome transmission and genome stability, little is known about the levels and patterns of genetic diversity across centromeres and the PAR, or the biological impacts of this variation. (jax.org)
Mapping Switchgrass Traits with Common Gardens The combination of field data and genetic information has allowed researchers to associate climate adaptations with switchgrass biology. (doe.gov)
An innovative genetic mapping system for polyploid species promises to facilitate the work of scientists and plant breeders, who use genomics to develop varieties that are more productive and resistant to disease or drought. (fapesp.br)
To date, only systems for genetic mapping of diploid species (2n) or simple polyploids (4n) have been available (n refers to the number of unique chromosomes in each cell). (fapesp.br)
Mollinari has been studying the development of polyploid genetic mapping systems ever since his master's research, initially for sugarcane. (fapesp.br)
BIOEN was the initial motivation for the project, which later expanded to cover much more than genetic mapping of sugarcane," Garcia said. (fapesp.br)
Our aim was to delineate a map of the genetic alterations on chromosome 17 in a given set of breast tumors. (cnrs.fr)
This entry was posted on July 31, 2013, in Genetic Genealogy , Tools and tagged chromosome mapping . (kittycooper.com)
Performing feature selection with GAs requires conceptualizing the process of feature selection as an optimization problem and then mapping it to the genetic framework of random variation and natural selection. (r-bloggers.com)
The simulated genetic algorithm then does the following: it selects two individuals, randomly chooses a split point for their chromosomes, maps the front of one chromosome to the back of the other (and vice versa) and then randomly mutates the resulting chromosomes according to some predetermined probability. (r-bloggers.com)
For the genetic algorithm, see Chromosome (genetic algorithm) . (wikipedia.org)
A chromosome is a long DNA molecule with part or all of the genetic material of an organism. (wikipedia.org)
Wilhelm Roux suggested that each chromosome carries a different genetic configuration , and Boveri was able to test and confirm this hypothesis. (wikipedia.org)
Genetic mapping in bacteria and phages: conjugation, transduction and transformation. (unipv.it)

During metaphase the X-shaped structure is called a metaphase chromosome, which is highly condensed and thus easiest to distinguish and study. (wikipedia.org)

Walter Sutton (left) and Theodor Boveri (right) independently developed the chromosome theory of inheritance in 1902. (wikipedia.org)
In his famous textbook The Cell in Development and Heredity , Wilson linked together the independent work of Boveri and Sutton (both around 1902) by naming the chromosome theory of inheritance the Boveri-Sutton chromosome theory (the names are sometimes reversed). (wikipedia.org)
Chromosome theory of inheritance. (unipv.it)

In this study, the researchers showed that in Cryptococcus amylolentus, the ancestral state, the P/R locus resided on chromosome 10 and the HD locus on chromosome 11. (phys.org)

Surprisingly, they've shown that these crucial translocations occurred at the centromeres, the twisty ties that hold together chromosomes at the center of an x-shaped pair. (phys.org)
In the 1980's, a seminal paper by Duke colleague Tom Petes demonstrated recombination could occur across the centromeres in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, but some attributed the finding to a quirk of the favored model organism with its tiny point centromeres. (phys.org)
Centromeres and pseudoautosomal regions (PARs) are highly specialized chromatin domains that are indispensable for proper chromosome segregation. (jax.org)
A study published Thursday in the journal Science Advances sheds light on large chunks of genomic black holes by revealing the sequences of many human centromeres, the middle regions of our chromosomes essential for cell division. (fredhutch.org)
Centromeres are indispensable guideposts when cells split in two, providing an anchor point for cellular machinery to attach and pull as chromosomes duplicate and then segregate, one copy to each new cell. (fredhutch.org)
The outer regions, which aren't necessary for centromeres to work, have enough differences among the repeats that the jigsaw puzzle approach works - to a point. (fredhutch.org)

For example, in OPCA-I (or SCA-1), the SCA1 gene is on chromosome 6. (medscape.com)
The SCA2 gene is on chromosome 12. (medscape.com)

Transfers of a single gene, a complete metabolic pathway 10 , whole chromosomes 11 or even cases of the integration of almost complete genomes from bacterial endosymbionts into their eukaryotic hosts 12 have been described. (nature.com)
In addition to addressing basic questions about the mechanisms of how genomes are organized in intact cells, the ability to map gene positions in a large number of samples and cells has already been used to detect very rare chromosome translocation events in cancer and to ask what cellular factors determine where chromosomes break. (nih.gov)
Genomes, chromatin and chromosomes. (unipv.it)

Linkage analysis mapped the underlying gene to a region on chromosome 1q22-q23 with a maximum two-point LOD score of 2.036. (nih.gov)
A framework linkage map of 267 DArt plus 62 SSR markers was developed representing 239 unique loci and covering a total distance of 1887.6 cM. (usda.gov)
We completed a genomewide linkage scan to map loci increasing risk for cigarette smoking in a set of families originally identified because they segregate panic disorder (PD). (rti.org)
Linkage analysis (pairwise, or single-point, and multi-point) was performed using ALLEGRO. (rti.org)
There is now evidence supporting linkage or association of chromosome 11 markers with alcohol dependence, illegal drug abuse and dependence, and cigarette smoking. (rti.org)
Construction of linkage maps. (unipv.it)

Intergenerational DNA transmission is shaped by the fundamental processes of chromosome segregation, recombination, and de novo mutation. (jax.org)
The PAR is a region of conserved sequence identity between the X and Y chromosomes over which the meiotic program of pairing, synapsis, and recombination unfolds to ensure correct sex chromosome segregation. (jax.org)
My research aims to understand the causes and consequences of variation in the mechanisms that govern DNA inheritance: chromosome segregation, recombination, and de novo mutation. (jax.org)
[5] In animal cells, chromosomes reach their highest compaction level in anaphase during chromosome segregation . (wikipedia.org)
The present study demonstrates segregation for the putative Ahl gene and mapping of such a gene to Chromosome 10, consistent with other independent mapping of Ahl for AHL in 10 strains of mice [Johnson et al. (cdc.gov)

A point mutation in the gene for TH has been shown to result in autosomal-recessive DRD. (medscape.com)
Point mutation in the gene for SR has been detected in patients who have autosomal-recessive DRD. (medscape.com)
[ 13 ] About 98% of diagnosed patients have the G1138A mutation, resulting in a G-to-A DNA nucleotide point change. (medscape.com)
One percent of cases have a G-to-C DNA point change at nucleotide 1138, causing the G1138C mutation. (medscape.com)
A point mutation leads to the lack of stop codon in the LsTT2 transcript, resulting in white seeds. (bvsalud.org)
point mutation in the intron 21 or 22 leads to Description deletion in the methyltranseferase domain Date 16-Nov-2000 (Rel. (lu.se)

Sciara has several unique biological properties that make it an excellent model, particularly their monopolar spindle in meiosis and chromosome movement, including non-disjunction during meiosis and chromosome elimination in the early embryo. (newswise.com)

For example, chromosome 1 of C. neoformans contained pieces of four different chromosomes from C. amylolentus , providing evidence of multiple translocations, some within the centromere. (phys.org)
According to their model, multiple translocations deposited the two sex determinants on the same chromosome, with a centromere in between. (phys.org)
[4] Before this happens, each chromosome is duplicated ( S phase ), and both copies are joined by a centromere , resulting either in an X-shaped structure (pictured above), if the centromere is located equatorially, or a two-arm structure, if the centromere is located distally. (wikipedia.org)

Gerbi has promoted the use of the fly Sciara coprophila as a model organism for studying chromosomes and DNA replication. (newswise.com)

We demonstrate the ability of our methodology to locate spatially the presence of anticancer drug sites in metaphase chromosomes and cellular nuclei. (monash.edu)
These data demonstrate that MAP3K4-dependent signalling events are required for normal expression of Sry during testis development, and create a novel entry point into the molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying sex determination in mice and disorders of sexual development in humans. (plos.org)

In addition, the technique examines the fetal chromosomes directly, unlike the other noninvasive nuchal translucency test , that looks for secondary morphological characteristics through ultrasound. (medgadget.com)

However, mapping all our proteins, which is the initial goal of the new research field known as proteomics, will take a long time. (lu.se)

The objective, therefore, was simply to measure the amount of DNA in fragments mapped to the different chromosomes. (medgadget.com)
Despite the large chromosome fragments involved in the unbalanced translocation in this case, repeated standard G-band analysis could not reveal this rearrangement due to the similarity in the banding pattern of the chromosome fragments involved. (bmj.com)

These regions of the chromosome are so dense that they were once thought to be removed from recombination. (phys.org)

Some use the term chromosome in a wider sense, to refer to the individualized portions of chromatin in cells, either visible or not under light microscopy. (wikipedia.org)

Variation in chromosome number and human pathologies. (unipv.it)

In 1986, the NF2 gene was mapped to chromosome 22, and in 1993, two groups independently isolated the gene and named its encoding protein merlin or schwannomin. (bmj.com)

When the amounts of DNA corresponding to each chromosome were plotted on a graph, significant, above-normal peaks appeared when a chromosome was present in three copies instead of two. (medgadget.com)
For complex polyploids (Xn, multiple copies), there are many more possible combinations of chromosomes, and the mapping process is much harder to perform. (fapesp.br)
Sweet potato ( Ipomoea batatas ), for example, is hexaploid (6n, with six copies of each chromosome). (fapesp.br)
On the other hand duplicate number expresses for CNP�� range between 5-12 with 72% of human beings displaying a diploid duplicate amount of 8 with four Emtricitabine of the copies mapping somewhere else on chromosome 15. (sciencepop.org)

The gene is mapped to human chromosome 19p13.2. (sigmaaldrich.com)
Nearly 12 years after it was first declared complete, the map of the human genome still contains vast stretches that may as well be labeled "Here Be Dragons. (fredhutch.org)

That entire map is included in the nuclei of most cells in our bodies. (justia.com)

Chromosome specific micro-arrays have however been used in a few cases to determine the critical regions in microdeletion disorders. (bmj.com)
Data presented here point strongly to the existence of 5 distinct regions of allele losses on chromosome 17: 2 on 17p, 3 on 17q. (cnrs.fr)
New features include: * Improved plotting, including a new across assays plot of regions of allelic imbalance for each chromosome and whole genome plots for each assay. (lu.se)

3- 16 However, these probes only reveal chromosome rearrangements located in the subtelomeric region. (bmj.com)
Fixed bugs include errors in documentation (default has never been to remove cnv probes), handling of when there are no probes for entire chromosomes, and 'split_samples.pl' can now handle language settings for which !BeadStudio generates files in which comma denotes the decimal point. (lu.se)

What are the potential benefits of the Mapping Cancer Markers project? (worldcommunitygrid.org)
Is the Mapping Cancer Markers project similar to the Help Conquer Cancer project? (worldcommunitygrid.org)
The Mapping Cancer Markers project focuses on clinical application - discovering specific groups of markers that can be used to improve detection, diagnosis, prognosis and treatment of cancer. (worldcommunitygrid.org)
What kinds of cancers are being studied in the Mapping Cancer Markers project? (worldcommunitygrid.org)
Some Mapping Cancer Markers jobs take longer to run than others. (worldcommunitygrid.org)
Each Mapping Cancer Markers task performs a search of multiple combinations of potential cancer biomarkers, representing a piece of a larger search strategy. (worldcommunitygrid.org)
Together, these two factors make the run times of Mapping Cancer Markers tasks variable. (worldcommunitygrid.org)
The Mapping Cancer Markers project focuses on discovering abnormal marker combinations, which may relate to cancer initiation and progression. (worldcommunitygrid.org)
The importance of HIPMap is that it is a starting point for numerous applications, including cancer biology," said Misteli. (nih.gov)
In that study researchers used a method derived from HIPMap to probe mechanisms that contribute to the susceptibility of chromosomes to break and form a cancer-causing translocation between the NPM1 gene and the ALK gene in a cancer known as anaplastic large cell lymphoma. (nih.gov)
HIPMap will be a powerful tool in many ongoing efforts to map the genome in 3D space and to translate the findings from these studies to cancer biology," Misteli concluded. (nih.gov)
Chromosome 17 is a frequent target during breast-cancer formation and progression. (cnrs.fr)
Current methods, which are based on immunochemical methodology, for example to identify prostate cancer, are often not very sensitive and can only be used to point out a previously known biomarker. (lu.se)

Repeated deletions of chromosome 15q13. (sciencepop.org)

About 250 million of humankind's 3 billion DNA letters remain unmapped , mysterious sequences tucked into gene-less gaps littered across our chromosomes. (fredhutch.org)

The Gerbi lab developed the method of Replication Initiation Point (RIP) mapping to map replication origins to the nucleotide level, improving resolution by two orders of magnitude. (newswise.com)

However, there are no reliable tools to decipher the molecular composition of metaphase chromosomes. (monash.edu)
Here, we have applied infrared nanospectroscopy (AFM-IR) to demonstrate molecular difference between eu- and heterochromatin and generate infrared maps of single metaphase chromosomes revealing detailed information on their molecular composition, with nanometric lateral spatial resolution. (monash.edu)
Standard chromosome analysis by G-banding has a limited resolution, but molecular cytogenetic techniques, such as multi-subtelomeric FISH, microdeletion FISH, multicolour FISH and comparative genomic hybridisation (CGH), have played an important role for the diagnosis of MR during the past decade. (bmj.com)
More than 60 percent of all National Institutes of Health grants-covering a wide range of problems in medicine and biology-propose use of the molecular methods of cloning, mapping, or sequencing to investigate problems. (nationalacademies.org)

In an initial genomewide scan, we genotyped a total of 416 markers (398 autosomal, 18 X-chromosome) with an average spacing of less than 10 cM, spanning the genome. (rti.org)
An additional 14 markers were genotyped in a high-density panel to follow-up on an identified region of interest on chromosome 11p. (rti.org)

RIP mapping originated the now popular use of λ-exonuclease to enrich nascent DNA, and is a foundation for genome-wide replication origin mapping. (newswise.com)

Finding a way to map the genetics of such complex plants was the initial research focus for Marcelo Mollinari , currently a postdoctoral fellow at North Carolina State University in Raleigh (USA). (fapesp.br)

The construction of BAC-based physical maps of individual chromosomes reduces the complexity of this allohexaploid genome, enables elucidation of gene space and evolutionary relationships, provides tools for map-based cloning, and serves as a framework for reference sequencing efforts. (biomedcentral.com)
In a study appearing early online Aug. 11 in PLOS Biology , Duke researchers have mapped the evolutionary turning point that transformed the pathogenic form of Cryptococcus from an organism of many sexes to one with only two. (phys.org)

Here, we provide a chromosome-specific view into the organization and evolution of the D genome of bread wheat, in comparison to one of its ancestors, revealing recent genome rearrangements. (biomedcentral.com)
Routine chromosome analysis (450-500 bands) had failed to detect the rearrangements in all cases. (bmj.com)

5 clones) that constitute ~95 % of the cumulative length of the map. (biomedcentral.com)
All chromosome imbalances were size mapped using BAC and PAC clones based on clone mapping databases ( www.ensembl.org , July 2003), except for case 9, which was size mapped using a chromosome 22 specific micro-array. (bmj.com)

The gene lies within the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II region on chromosome 6. (wikipedia.org)
The chromosome 9 region we identified as possibly linked to cigarette smoking in anxiety families, was previously identified as significantly linked to PD in Icelandic pedigrees. (rti.org)

By using this strategy, the researchers believed they could detect higher-than normal amounts of DNA belonging to the three chromosomes involved in the most common aneuploidies - chromosomes 21, 18, and 13. (medgadget.com)
NCI researchers, in close collaboration with NCI's High-Throughput Imaging Facility, which was established earlier this decade, have developed a method called HIPMap (High-throughput Imaging Position Mapping) that makes the large-scale determination of 3D gene positions possible. (nih.gov)

Scientists have been studying the evolution of sex chromosomes for more than a century. (phys.org)
Scientists and plant breeders used systems designed to map diploid organisms. (fapesp.br)

Composite interval mapping revealed nine QTL for FHB severity, four QTL for DON, and four QTL for FDK on seven chromosomes. (usda.gov)

The most common change was loss on chromosome 22, which was more frequent in sporadic than in NF2 related tumours. (bmj.com)

An altered chromosome 17 (bearing an LOH or a DNA amplification) was found in more than 80% of the breast tumor set analyzed here and multiple anomalies affecting this chromosome were often detected in the same sample. (cnrs.fr)

Il s'agit de la première série de cas du syndrome de Sanjad-Sakati confirmés génétiquement en Jordanie. (who.int)
Down Syndrome (Trisomy 21) Down syndrome is a chromosome disorder caused by an extra chromosome 21 that results in intellectual disability and physical abnormalities. (msdmanuals.com)
Down syndrome is caused by an extra chromosome 21. (msdmanuals.com)
Turner Syndrome Turner syndrome is a sex chromosome abnormality in which girls are born with one of their two X chromosomes partially or completely missing. (msdmanuals.com)

A) An entire chromosome from yeast ( S. pombe ) is stretched out in a meandering channel. (lu.se)

In this study, we constructed the first comprehensive physical map of wheat chromosome arm 5DS, thereby exploring its gene space organization and evolution. (biomedcentral.com)
The high-quality physical map constructed in this study paves the way for the assembly of a reference sequence, from which breeding efforts will greatly benefit. (biomedcentral.com)

AFM-IR coupled with principal component analysis has confirmed that chromosome areas containing euchromatin and heterochromatin are distinguishable based on differences in the degree of methylation. (monash.edu)
This method uses an optimized FISH detection protocol, fully automated microscopy, and combines it with sophisticated computational image analysis that delivers high-precision gene mapping information for thousands of samples in a single experiment. (nih.gov)
They had to adapt the tools for statistical analysis to more complex organisms, and the mapping was imprecise as a result. (fapesp.br)

In the absence of a finished quality genome sequence, insights into wheat genome structure and function have been accumulating through survey sequencing of individual chromosomes or chromosome-specific Bacterial Artificial Chromosome (BAC) libraries. (biomedcentral.com)
After the tags were identified, Quake's group could then map them to specific locations on the 23 pairs of chromosomes. (medgadget.com)

He compared the results of these simulations with the existing maps to validate his system. (fapesp.br)

Chromosomes are normally visible under a light microscope only during the metaphase of cell division (where all chromosomes are aligned in the center of the cell in their condensed form). (wikipedia.org)

[ 10 ] FGFR3 has been mapped to the short arm of chromosome 4, p16.3 (4p16.3). (medscape.com)

Regardless of the name or species, Heitman contends that some universal principles could govern the evolution of all sex chromosomes. (phys.org)

In the actual tool mousing over the color tells you the ancestor, the segment size, and start and stop points. (kittycooper.com)

Ordering of 80 contigs along the deletion bins of chromosome arm 5DS revealed small-scale breaks in syntenic blocks. (biomedcentral.com)
31, 32 In this report we used a cDNA micro-array and two BAC clone micro-arrays on 10 previously identified cases containing 16 cryptic chromosome aberrations, to test their performance for the detection of small imbalances. (bmj.com)

Anatomy55

Organisms3

Diseases18

Chemicals and Drugs15

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment26

Phenomena and Processes131

Disciplines and Occupations1

Information Science3

Genes22

Chromosomal3

Mutations2

Genetic15

Metaphase chromosome1

Theory of inheritance3

Locus on chromosome1

Centromeres6

Gene is on chromosome2

Genomes3

Linkage6

Segregation5

Mutation6

Meiosis1

Centromere3

Model organism1

Cellular2

Fetal1

Proteins1

Fragments2

Recombination1

Chromatin1

Variation1

19931

Copies4

Human2

Nuclei1

Regions3

Probes2

Cancer13

Deletions1

Sequences1

Nucleotide1

Molecular4

Markers2

Genome wide1

Genetics1

Evolutionary2

Rearrangements2

Clones2

Region2

Researchers2

Scientists2

Interval1

Frequent1

Amplification1

Syndrome4

Entire1

Study2

Analysis3

Specific2

Results1

Cell1

Short1

Species1

Ancestor1

Small2