• Hypertension, obesity, metabolic syndrome, and sedentary lifestyle have been identified as important risk factors for diverse types of heart disease including HFpEF. (wikipedia.org)
  • Conditions, such as hypertension, that encourage increased left ventricular afterload can lead to structural changes in the heart on a gross, as well as a microscopic level. (wikipedia.org)
  • It is important to educate patients about the nature of their disease and the risks associated with untreated hypertension. (medscape.com)
  • Obesity has been linked to hypertension and left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) in various epidemiologic studies, with as many as 50% of obese patients having some degree of hypertension and as many as 60-70% of patients with hypertension being obese. (medscape.com)
  • The pathophysiologies of the various cardiac effects of hypertension differ and are described in this section. (medscape.com)
  • Common secondary cardiomyopathies include hypertrophy secondary to hypertension or hyperthyroidism. (vin.com)
  • Chronic hypertension may cause left ventricular (LV) remodeling, alterations in cardiac function, and the development of chronic heart failure (CHF). (indexindex.com)
  • Changes in the composition of the extracellular matrix (ECM) known to occur in hypertension are believed to be causally related to these structural, functional, and clinical outcomes. (indexindex.com)
  • Thus, it is important to identify and treat hypertension in children. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Eisenmenger syndrome refers to any untreated congenital cardiac defect with intracardiac communication that leads to pulmonary hypertension, reversal of flow, and cyanosis. (medscape.com)
  • Development of the syndrome represents a point at which pulmonary hypertension is irreversible and is an indication that the cardiac lesion is likely inoperable (see the image below). (medscape.com)
  • This was the first description of a link between a large congenital cardiac shunt defect and the development of pulmonary hypertension. (medscape.com)
  • In this research, we provide a summary of the functions that XBP1s performs in the onset and advancement of CVDs such as atherosclerosis, hypertension, cardiac hypertrophy, and heart failure. (mdpi.com)
  • The effect of hypertension on the progression to end-stage renal disease makes it the most important potentially treatable risk factor in ADPKD. (jscimedcentral.com)
  • Early treatment of hypertension through the use of renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system blocking agents could play a nephroprotective effect and reduce the occurrence of cardiovascular complications in ADPKD patients. (jscimedcentral.com)
  • Specifically, loss of cardiac reserve, diminished vascular compliance, and diastolic dysfunction are characteristic of both processes. (wikipedia.org)
  • Oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction are important mechanisms of ventricular remodeling, predisposed to the development of diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) in type 2 diabetes mellitus. (mdpi.com)
  • TMZ treatment mitigated cardiac fibrosis, ameliorated left ventricular dysfunction, and reduced NOX activity. (dovepress.com)
  • The first paper provides mechanistic evidence that endothelial-derived microparticles may play a key role in the development of endothelial dysfunction following acute coronary syndrome. (libsyn.com)
  • asymptomatic individuals with structural abnormalities such as left ventricle hypertrophy, dilation, dysfunction, or valve disease. (libsyn.com)
  • The clinical diagnosis of RCM is made by observing clinically significant diastolic dysfunction without evidence of significant hypertrophy. (vin.com)
  • These include higher overhead hemodynamic dysfunction associated with ventricular ischemia, remodeling with neurohumoral excessive stimulation, myocyte cycling abnormal calcium, an inadequate or excessive proliferation of the extracellular matrix, accelerated apoptosis and genetic mutations. (cardiologyresearchjournal.com)
  • Cardiorenal Syndrome is a specific condition which is characterized by a rapid or chronic worsening of cardiac function leading to acute or chronic kidney injury (A/CKI) and the reciprocal organ dysfunction sequence can be possible. (cardiologyresearchjournal.com)
  • Even though its pathophysiology is complex and not still completely understood, oxidative stress and endothelial dysfunction seem to play a pivotal role. (cardiologyresearchjournal.com)
  • Acute or chronic systemic disorders can cause both cardiac and renal dysfunction. (cardiologyresearchjournal.com)
  • It seemed worth considering whether estimation of natriuretic peptides might help in defining cardiac dysfunction in the early stages of the disease, prior to the appearance of echocardiographic changes. (longdom.org)
  • Areas covered: This article reviews the outpatient pharmacological management of chronic HF due to left ventricular systolic dysfunction and offers recommendations on the use of various drugs. (docksci.com)
  • The aim of this review is to provide an update on the pharmacological interventions indicated in the outpatient management of HF due to left ventricular (LV) systolic dysfunction. (docksci.com)
  • Ventricular hypertrophy and/or dilatation are main structural changes that reflect a pathological response of the heart, accompanied by molecular and cellular changes that functionally translate into diastolic and/or systolic dysfunction [ 7 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Thus, hypertensive heart disease is a term applied generally to heart diseases, such as LVH (seen in the images below), coronary artery disease, cardiac arrhythmias, and CHF, that are caused by the direct or indirect effects of elevated BP. (medscape.com)
  • These results suggest that USP38 may be an important target for the treatment of cardiac remodeling and arrhythmias after MI. (bvsalud.org)
  • Arrhythmias are the most common cardiac complication during gestational period and may occur in women with or without known structural heart disease. (hindawi.com)
  • Arrhythmias are the most common cardiac complication during gestational period, occurring in up to 50% of pregnant women [ 1 , 2 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • There was no history of known structural heart disease, arrhythmias or prior unexplained syncope. (hindawi.com)
  • Cardiac arrhythmias and sudden cardiac death are important late complications of this syndrome. (medscape.com)
  • CS-exposed males exhibited enhanced increases in left ventricular end systolic and diastolic volumes, as well as reductions in ejection fraction and fractional area changes of left ventricular base. (biomedcentral.com)
  • HFpEF is characterized by abnormal diastolic function: there is an increase in the stiffness of the left ventricle, which causes a decrease in left ventricular relaxation during diastole, with resultant increased pressure and/or impaired filling. (wikipedia.org)
  • Patients with HFpEF poorly tolerate stress, particularly hemodynamic alterations of ventricular loading or increased diastolic pressures. (wikipedia.org)
  • These changes reduce ventricular compliance and restrict filling, thus leading to diastolic failure similar to that caused by HCM. (vin.com)
  • Heart failure develops when the heart, via an abnormality of cardiac function (detectable or not), fails to pump blood at a rate commensurate with the requirements of the metabolizing tissues or is able to do so only with an elevated diastolic filling pressure. (medscape.com)
  • Cardiac-conditional USP38 knockout (USP38-CKO) reduces the expression of the inflammatory marker CD68 as well as the inflammatory factors TNF-α and IL-1ß after MI, thereby alleviating advanced cardiac fibrosis, electrical remodeling, ion channel remodeling, and susceptibility to VAs. (bvsalud.org)
  • Two-dimensional echocardiogram (parasternal long axis view) from a 70-year-old woman showing concentric left ventricular hypertrophy and left atrial enlargement. (medscape.com)
  • We searched on Pubmed for ventricular premature complexes (VPC) in pregnant women and found no case reporting increased incidence of this arrhythmia while supine. (hindawi.com)
  • Arrhythmia may occur in women with or without known structural heart disease. (hindawi.com)
  • Mutations in blood vessel epicardial substance (BVES) also known as POPDC1 and POPDC2 have been associated with limb-girdle muscular dystrophy and cardiac arrhythmia. (imperial.ac.uk)
  • Atrial fibrillation (AF), characterized by rapid and disorganized electrical activation in the upper chambers of the heart, is the most common cardiac arrhythmia [ 1 ] . (encyclopedia.pub)
  • Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common form of cardiac arrhythmia. (nature.com)
  • Atrial fibrillation is the most common type of cardiac arrhythmia, and is responsible for substantial morbidity and mortality in the general population. (nature.com)
  • Endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EndMT) is an important mechanism underlying cardiac fibrosis. (dovepress.com)
  • Cardiac fibroblasts are generally the primary effector cells of fibrosis and have been reported to be partly derived from cardiac endothelial cells through the endothelial to mesenchymal transition (EndMT) process. (dovepress.com)
  • During embryogenesis endothelial cells exhibit substantial plasticity that contribute to cardiac development by undergoing endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EndoMT). (surrey.ac.uk)
  • Cardiac contractility is regulated by dynamic phosphorylation of sarcomeric proteins by kinases such as cAMP-activated protein kinase A (PKA). (biomedcentral.com)
  • Cardiac Myosin Binding Protein-C (cMyBPC) and cardiac troponin I (cTNI) are hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM)-causing sarcomeric proteins which regulate contractility in response to PKA phosphorylation. (biomedcentral.com)
  • This study ascribes a novel function to MMGL isoform 4: it meets all criteria for classification as an AKAP, and we show that is involved in the phosphorylation of cMyBPC as well as cTNI, hence MMGL is an important regulator of cardiac contractility. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Originally thought to have only a structural role, cMyBPC has been shown to play an important role in the regulation of cardiac contractility [ 1 ], for which the N-terminal region of the protein appears to be crucial. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The cardiac chambers are dilated and there is reduced contractility. (vin.com)
  • The etiology of hypertensive heart disease is a complex interplay of various hemodynamic, structural, neuroendocrine, cellular, and molecular factors. (medscape.com)
  • Other autopsy findings included pulmonary edema and ascites, as well as hypertensive changes in the lungs and early cardiac cirrhosis. (medscape.com)
  • Although these findings should be confirmed in a larger prospective study, these data do suggest that changes in the MMP/TIMP balance may play an important role in the structural, functional, and clinical manifestations of hypertensive heart disease. (indexindex.com)
  • Rats injected with ISO exhibited severe interstitial cardiac fibrosis and perivascular fibrosis, decreased left ventricular ejection fraction, and increased NOX activity. (dovepress.com)
  • Left ventricular ejection fraction was preserved in 77% of stage C1 and 65% of stage C2 respectively. (libsyn.com)
  • Atrial premature complexes (APC), ventricular premature complexes (VPC), and supraventricular tachyarrhythmias are more prevalent than ventricular tachycardia, especially in women without structural heart disease. (hindawi.com)
  • Elevated BP leads to adverse changes in cardiac structure and function in two ways: directly, by increased afterload, and indirectly, by associated neurohormonal and vascular changes. (medscape.com)
  • Myocyte hypertrophy can occur as a compensatory response to increased afterload. (medscape.com)
  • asymptomatic individuals with heart failure risk factors, but no cardiac structural or functional abnormalities. (libsyn.com)
  • Although many athletes show benign abnormalities on the ECG, the presence of changes such as T-wave inversions, pathological Q-waves and ST-segment depression especially in Caucasian athletes is concerning for pathological cardiac hypertrophy. (acc.org)
  • HF is a syndrome caused by structural and/or functional abnormalities of the heart. (docksci.com)
  • Reactive Group 2 PH is defi ned by an elevated TPG ≥12 mmHg and PVR ≥3 Wood units, indicating the presence of functional and/or structural abnormalities of the pulmonary arterial vasculature besides the elevated PCWP. (romanianjournalcardiology.ro)
  • Reactive reversible Group 2 PH is defined by normalization of the TPG and PVR during vasodilator challenge, suggesting a predominance of functional over structural abnormalities of the pulmonary arteiral vessels. (romanianjournalcardiology.ro)
  • Structural over functional abnormalities of the pulmonary arterial vascular bed are presumed to exist. (romanianjournalcardiology.ro)
  • Intracranial and extra cranial aneurysms and cardiac valvular defects are other common cardiovascular manifestations in patients with ADPKD. (jscimedcentral.com)
  • The degree of hypertrophy associated with athletic physiologic adaptations can overlap with the pathologic hypertrophy of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM), leading to difficulty in distinguishing the two entities. (acc.org)
  • Anyone who wants to develop a sports cardiology service in this area requires as the most important prerequisite: scientific data to make evidence-based decisions on prevention and treatment of cardiac disease in female athletes. (aspetar.com)
  • Cardiomyopathy describes a functional impairment or structural abnormality of the heart muscle. (vin.com)
  • The term "athlete's heart" is used to define the pattern of morphological, functional and electrical changes that result from intensive training including left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH). (acc.org)
  • This review summarises our current state of knowledge of the functional role of TASK-1 channels in the pulmonary circulation in health and disease, with special emphasis on current advancements in the field. (ersjournals.com)
  • Females did not display a significant structural and/or functional alteration within 7 days of cardiac remodeling post-MI upon CS exposure. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In summary, these biomarkers may play an important role in the monitoring and management of patients with adult congenital heart disease. (libsyn.com)
  • Assessment of the stage of the involvement and advancement of cardiac disease, control of its treatment and establishment of further prognosis with the aid of cardiovascular biomarkers is difficult and still under debate. (longdom.org)
  • Endothelial cells also are responsible for the production of E-selectin, which recruits lymphocytes into the tissue beneath the endothelium that subsequently release transforming growth factor beta, encouraging fibrosis and thus ventricular stiffening. (wikipedia.org)
  • Cardiac macrophages are thought to play an important role in the development of fibrosis as they are increased in HFpEF and release pro-fibrotic cytokines, such as IL-10. (wikipedia.org)
  • This study aimed to investigate the possible effect of TMZ on cardiac fibrosis exerted via the inhibition of NOX2-mediated EndMT. (dovepress.com)
  • A cardiac fibrosis model was established in Sprague-Dawley rats through a subcutaneous injection of isoproterenol (ISO, 5 mg/kg/d). (dovepress.com)
  • TMZ may ameliorate EndMT and ISO-induced cardiac fibrosis through the NOX2/NF-κB/Snail pathway. (dovepress.com)
  • The findings of the study may provide new insights into the potential role of TMZ in the pathophysiology of cardiac fibrosis. (dovepress.com)
  • Myocardial fibrosis, characterized as interstitial fibroblast proliferation and excessive collagen deposition, is the structural basis of myocardial stiffness and the key process of cardiac function transformation from the compensatory phase to heart failure. (dovepress.com)
  • There are only a few studies evaluating the sex differences in cardiac adaptation to exercise 6,7,8,9 and even fewer exploring the influence of the type of sport or ethnicity 10,11 . (aspetar.com)
  • It is thought that increased pressure, in concert with a pro-inflammatory state (insulin resistance, obesity), encourage ventricular stiffening and remodeling that lead to poor cardiac output seen in HFpEF. (wikipedia.org)
  • This study aimed to determine the role of USP38 in post-MI VAs and its underlying mechanisms. (bvsalud.org)
  • Ischemic injury due to coronary artery disease is the most common pathological cause of cardiac remodeling [ 6 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Cardiomegaly (220 g) and symmetric left ventricular hypertrophy from the autopsy of a 6-year-old boy who suddenly collapsed while on a walk with his family. (medscape.com)
  • [ 4 ] An autopsy revealed a large ventricular septal defect (VSD) and an overriding aorta. (medscape.com)
  • It also induces electrophysiological and structural cardiac adaptations in response to the increased hemodynamic load associated with the sport, the most common adaptive changes are increase in vagal tone and cardiac chamber size. (aspetar.com)
  • This is perceived especially important in cardiologically asymptomatic patients, who are still at risk of cardiac sudden death. (longdom.org)
  • and help to prevent cardiac decompensation and sudden death. (longdom.org)
  • This includes gender specific knowledge on cardiac training adaptation and risk and potential causes of sudden cardiac events. (aspetar.com)
  • It is known that athletes have a 2.8 - 5.3% higher risk of sudden cardiac death (SCD) than there no athlete peers 1 . (aspetar.com)
  • Previous studies have shown consistently that female athletes have a lower risk for sudden cardiac events during sports 3 than their male counterparts. (aspetar.com)
  • according to this there is a higher incidence of sudden arrhythmic death syndrome (SADS) in structurally normal hearts in women, but lower incidence of structural cardiomyopathies and importantly, lower frequency of death associated to exercise. (aspetar.com)
  • Compensatory mechanisms such as neurohormonal systems and the adrenergic nervous system (ANS) play a key role in the pathogenesis of HF [5]. (docksci.com)
  • It is However primary and markers connect over division unless hypertrophied by the supply of power or whole congestive subclasses. (augenta.net)
  • Cyprotex have developed cardiac 3D triculture microtissues formed from cardiomyocytes (iPSC-derived), cardiac fibroblasts and cardiac endothelial cells. (cyprotex.com)
  • The multi-scale model of cardiac electrophysiology provides a framework that can integrate experimental and clinical findings [ 13 ] , and link micro-scale phenomena to emerging behaviors of the entire organ [ 14 ] . (encyclopedia.pub)
  • In today's episode, we are discussing very important new data regarding stroke risk stratification in patients with atrial fibrillation. (libsyn.com)
  • sodium retina: people caused out with apnea to the documents or drug patients primary to characterized systolic alternative and cardiac substances. (siriuspixels.com)
  • An important group of patients with LHDs have a disposition to develop a pre-capillary component to the increased pulmonary pressure, resulting in a mixed picture of pre-capillary and post-capillary PH (7). (romanianjournalcardiology.ro)
  • Left ventricular hypertrophy also occurs frequently in these patients representing another powerful and independent risk factor for cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in ADPKD. (jscimedcentral.com)
  • These topics have not been sufficiently explored yet, but important insights can help stratify risk and differentiate between physiological and pathological adaptations in female football players. (aspetar.com)
  • Different pathological and physiological stimuli are responsible for cardiac remodeling. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Gross specimen of the heart with concentric left ventricular hypertrophy. (medscape.com)
  • They found that only 5% of examined participants were free of heart failure risk factors or structural heart disease. (libsyn.com)
  • Case Reports in Cardiovascular Disease Journal Heart conditions that include diseased vessels, structural problems and blood clots. (cardiologycasereportsjournal.org)
  • Journal of Structural Biology Case Reports cardiac structural biology investigators focus on understanding normal heart function and identifying mechanisms through which hearts become diseased. (cardiologycasereportsjournal.org)
  • Case Reports in Cardiovascular Genetics Journal Cardiac genetics is the study of how inherited changes in genes can cause disease of the heart and block blood vessels. (cardiologycasereportsjournal.org)
  • Genetic factors likely play some role in high blood pressure, heart disease, and other related conditions. (cardiologycasereportsjournal.org)
  • The aim of this study is to report a case of a pregnant woman without previous structural heart disease that presented a great number of VPC when supine. (hindawi.com)
  • In the gestational period, total body water increases by 40-50%, therefore expanding blood volume and cardiac output and implying significant mechanical overload on the maternal heart [ 2 , 3 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • Heart rate (a) and ventricular premature complexes (b) during 24-hour Holter monitoring. (hindawi.com)
  • We reported a pregnant woman without structural heart disease that had multiple symptomatic VPC when supine. (hindawi.com)
  • Despite significant improvements in the treatment of virtually all cardiac disorders, heart failure (HF) is an exception, its prevalence is increasing, and only small extensions occur in survival. (cardiologyresearchjournal.com)
  • This chest radiograph shows an enlarged cardiac silhouette and edema at the lung bases, signs of acute heart failure. (medscape.com)
  • Heart failure (see the images below) may be caused by myocardial failure but may also occur in the presence of near-normal cardiac function under conditions of high demand. (medscape.com)
  • Heart failure always causes circulatory failure, but the converse is not necessarily the case, because various noncardiac conditions (eg, hypovolemic shock, septic shock) can produce circulatory failure in the presence of normal, modestly impaired, or even supranormal cardiac function. (medscape.com)
  • A balanced increase in heart dimensions is also observed in female athletes, although the absolute cardiac dimensions are smaller than males, with the largest cavities found, as in males, in endurance athletes. (aspetar.com)
  • important pertaining and isolation Headache: level charged into the patient of clinical heart failure. (worldclassbows.com)
  • heart: The CHD Penis through which number helps from the role to the failure. (augenta.net)
  • Activity and outflow of renin--angiotensin--aldosterone system (RAAS) and ANS are enormously elevated in HF in order to maintain circulatory homeostasis and cardiac output [6,7]. (docksci.com)
  • There changes are a result of left ventricular muscle hypertrophy caused by the high pressure, leading to the left ventricle becoming stiff. (wikipedia.org)
  • Other causes of left ventricular stiffening include:[citation needed] Aortic stenosis of any cause where the ventricular muscle becomes hypertrophied, and thence stiff, as a result of the increased pressure load placed on it by the stenosis. (wikipedia.org)
  • In an exercising individual the cardiovascular system plays three important roles: the delivery of oxygen and nutrients to exercising muscle, the removal of waste by-products from exercising muscle, and the dissipation of generated heat through convection. (musculoskeletalkey.com)
  • Cardiac mitochondrial function is altered in a variety of inherited and acquired cardiovascular diseases. (jci.org)
  • citation needed] Cardiac senescence, or cellular deterioration that occurs as part of normal aging, closely resembles the manifestations of HFpEF. (wikipedia.org)
  • LVH occurs at the expense of left ventricular cavity size. (acc.org)
  • By contrast, at a cellular "global" level PKA plays a major role downstream β1AR and results in an increase in LTCC current.Conclusions:Regulation of the LTCC activity by proximity coupling mechanisms occurs only via β2AR, but not β1AR. (imperial.ac.uk)
  • Recently, the crucial role of GLP-1 in cardiovascular disease has been suggested in both preclinical and clinical studies. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Project End delta-1 reperfusion:( associated from Applicant's sequence): disease in usually abdominal( LV) -A( current) by either LV insulin color or effective agent is treated found as cardiac failure for Pituitary request Microbe( CHF). (seabaygame.com)
  • the second section begins with important considerations when evaluating the athlete with known or suspected cardiovascular disease. (musculoskeletalkey.com)
  • In this form of cardiomyopathy there is inappropriate hypertrophy of the left ventricle and on occasions the right ventricle may also be involved. (vin.com)
  • Additionally, to further elucidate the function of MMGL, we used it as bait to screen a cardiac cDNA library. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Insulin, glucose and potassium (GIK) are touted as useful metabolic adjuvant, associated with improvement of cardiac function in acute myocardial function, but the general acceptance of this therapeutic approach is limited by requirements for concomitant infusion of glucose and concerns regarding hypoglycemia. (biomedcentral.com)
  • These non-cardiomyocytes are essential to myocardial structure and function and emerging evidence suggests that they play a role within drug-induced cardiovascular toxicity. (cyprotex.com)
  • Cardiac function, histology, and infarct size were assessed, and inflammatory markers quantified by RT-PCR. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Since cardiovascular complications are leading cause of morbidity and mortality, this review aims to analyze cardiac and vascular involvement in ADPKD. (jscimedcentral.com)
  • Using a mouse model, we investigated cardiac remodeling under the influence of acute cigarette smoke (CS) exposure following ischemic injury in both sexes. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In this article, we discuss various techniques that can be utilized to help the clinician distinguish physiologic hypertrophy of the athlete and the pathologic hypertrophy of HCM. (acc.org)
  • Elevated 24-hour ambulatory BP and nocturnal BP have been demonstrated to be more closely related to various cardiac pathologies, especially in black persons. (medscape.com)
  • These cells are a mixture of spontaneously electrically-active atrial, nodal and ventricular-like myocytes which beat in synchrony and exhibit expected electrophysiological and biochemical responses upon reference drug exposure. (cyprotex.com)
  • 45 mm), while athletes with physiological LVH have concomitant enlargement of the left ventricular cavity. (acc.org)
  • In vitro modeling can reproduce cardiac development through modulation of some key signaling pathways. (cardiologycasereportsjournal.org)
  • A better understanding of the pharmacological role of curcumin on diabetes and DCM can provide clinical implications for the intervention of the onset and development of diabetes and DCM. (frontiersin.org)
  • In this Review, we discuss the mechanistic rationale for the development of new anti-AF drugs, the molecular and structural motifs that they target, and the results obtained in experimental and clinical studies. (nature.com)
  • In summary, the Fetal and Neonatal Physiological Society (FNPS) plays a crucial role in advancing our understanding of prenatal development through rigorous scientific inquiry. (fnps-society.org)
  • Cyprotex has also been heavily involved in the CiPA initiative where as part of the MEA sub-team have a vital role in the evaluation and development of new testing methods. (cyprotex.com)
  • In the reported case, we believe that augmented venous return was the most important pathophysiologic process. (hindawi.com)
  • Originally described in association with a large VSD, Eisenmenger syndrome can also manifest with a patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) or, less frequently, with other congenital cardiac anomalies, such as atrioventricular septal defects (AVSDs) and atrial septal defects (ASDs). (medscape.com)
  • In contrast to this there is a growing body of evidence on the cardiovascular adaptations and health benefits for women of playing football at recreational level. (aspetar.com)