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Bowman MembraneDescemet MembraneCorneaBowman CapsuleCell MembraneMembranesMembrane LipidsIntracellular MembranesMembrane PotentialsMembranes, ArtificialBasement MembraneMembrane FluidityErythrocyte MembraneCell Membrane PermeabilityMicroscopy, ElectronProtein TransportPlasmaKidney GlomerulusMembrane Transport ProteinsCell LineMembrane GlycoproteinsCell FractionationCalciumMolecular Sequence DataProtein BindingLipid BilayersMicroscopy, ConfocalEndocytosisKidneyPlasma Membrane Calcium-Transporting ATPasesCarrier ProteinsGolgi ApparatusModels, BiologicalMicroscopy, FluorescenceCells, CulturedFluorescent Antibody TechniqueSynaptic MembranesAmino Acid SequenceProtein Structure, TertiarySubcellular FractionsEndoplasmic ReticulumMicroscopy, ImmunoelectronMitochondrial MembranesHydrogen-Ion ConcentrationOlfactory MucosaMutationLiposomesTime FactorsRecombinant Fusion ProteinsElectrophoresis, Polyacrylamide GelExocytosisDetergentsFreeze FracturingEndosomesMolecular WeightCholesterolCytoplasmRabbitsImmunohistochemistryMembrane ProteinsSignal TransductionKineticsBiological Transport, ActivePhosphatidylcholinesCricetinaePotassiumCorneal StromaTemperatureRats, Inbred StrainsGreen Fluorescent ProteinsCattleEpitheliumSodiumBinding SitesLiverFluorescent DyesProton-Translocating ATPasesTransfectionCell Membrane StructuresCytosolEpithelium, CornealAdenosine TriphosphateEscherichia coliBiological TransportErythrocytesBlotting, WesternGlomerulonephritisCorneal Dystrophies, HereditaryBase SequenceEpithelial CellsSolubilityMicrovilliMitochondriaBacterial ProteinsExtraembryonic MembranesTrypsin Inhibitor, Bowman-Birk SoybeanRecombinant ProteinsCOS CellsRats, Sprague-DawleyVacuoles

Basement membraneGlomerularProteinsSuperficial corneal stromaApicalBowman'sBasolateralMitochondriaRegulateEpithelial cellsInhibitorCorticosteroidsTransporterFluidsKidneysCharacterizationExtracellularBoundElectrolytesRenalFiltrationProteinCellImmunoglobulinsUrineConcentrationGlomerulusInteractionConsistsSpaceApproximatelyIncreasesDiseaseFunctionTransportGrowthVitaminMajor

Basement membrane14

• Anti-glomerular basement membrane (anti-GBM) disease is a classic autoimmune disorder characterized by the presence of circulating pathogenic autoantibodies directed against proteins in the glomerular and alveolar basement membranes. (medscape.com)
• In Goodpasture syndrome , glomerulonephritis is accompanied by pulmonary hemorrhage due to anti-GBM antibodies acting on the alveolar basement membrane. (medscape.com)
• The glomerular capillary blood pressure causes filtration of blood through three layers the endothelium of glomerular blood vessels, the epithelial of bowman's capsule and basement membrane between these two layers. (biologysir.com)
• Bloody is filtered so finally through the basement membrane that allow almost all the constituent of the plasma except the protein pass on to the lumen of the bowman's capsules. (biologysir.com)
• Terminal complement components C 5 b-9, membrane attack complex (MAC) causes injury by basement membrane lysis. (medchrome.com)
• The podocytes revealed united foot processes and increase in the thickness of the glomerular basement membrane. (ijpsonline.com)
• The basement membrane is a supportive structure formed by extracellular matrix secreted by epithelial cells. (wisewaystostudy.com)
• The glomerular basement membrane (GBM, shown in green) is a thin sheet of extracellular matrix protein that surrounds the capillary and provides support and a barrier. (nih.gov)
• The pathophysiology of DKD comprises the interaction of both genetic and environmental determinants that trigger a complex network of pathophysiological events, which leads to the damage of the glomerular filtration barrier, a highly specialized structure formed by the fenestrated endothelium, the glomerular basement membrane and the epithelial podocytes, that permits a highly selective ultrafiltration of the blood plasma. (wiley.com)
• This activity happens at the level of the glomerular filtration barrier (GFB) and is coordinated by the interaction of two highly specialized glomerular cells (the fenestrated endothelium and the podocytes), which are separated by a thin layer of glomerular basement membrane (GBM 4 ). (nature.com)
• Antiglomerular basement membrane (GBM) antibody disease is an autoimmune glomerulonephritis and accounts for up to 10% of RPGN cases. (msdmanuals.com)
• The proximal tubule contains cuboidal to low columnar cells arranged over a tubular basement membrane. (pediagenosis.com)
• It is closed by the tubular basement membrane, which separates the tubular epithelium from the interstitium and peritubular capillaries. (pediagenosis.com)
• The epithelium and basement membrane are affected only in advanced stages, during which the Bowman's membrane is often disrupted or absent locally. (eyewiki.org)

Glomerular4

• The syndrome was subsequently shown to be caused by an antibody response against antigens present in the alveolar and glomerular basement membranes. (medscape.com)
• it is found only in a few specialized basement membranes, including the glomerular and alveolar basement membranes. (medscape.com)
• While these membranes are equipped with openings (pores) that allow free exchange of media and growth factors, they do not allow the proper crosstalk between glomerular cells that is key for GFB function. (nature.com)
• Colloid osmotic pressure in glomerular capillaries (π GC) = 30 mmHg (depends on plasma protein and filtration fraction). (letstalkmed.com)

Proteins13

• Breaks develop in the GBM, plasma proteins and cells leak into the Bowman space, and, eventually, crescents develop. (medscape.com)
• They possess polarity and a distinct apical surface with specialized membrane proteins, like other epithelial cells. (wisewaystostudy.com)
• Proteins bound to membranes are used for active transport of others. (wisewaystostudy.com)
• Tight junctions are formed by membrane proteins to ensure that ions, gases, small molecules, and water are transported only through the cell and not through the interstitial spaces. (wisewaystostudy.com)
• It is a thin membrane made of modified carbohydrates and proteins that separates epithelial cells from connective tissue. (wisewaystostudy.com)
• Its main limitation is that it cannot detect other types of proteins such as plasma proteins, globulins, and low-molecular- weight proteins. (chikd.org)
• Blood typically composed of 40% cells (white blood cells and red blood cells) and 60% plasma (straw-colored fluid, rich in proteins). (nih.gov)
• Some of the carrier proteins in the apical membrane, such as the sodium/glucose cotransporter 1 (SGLT1) and a number of the amino acid transport systems, have receptor sites for binding both Na + and a monosaccharide, or both Na + and an amino acid (see Figure 34-3). (basicmedicalkey.com)
• The main function of the glomeruli is to filter fluids and electrolytes from the blood, while retaining plasma proteins 3 . (nature.com)
• 13. Human plasma R-type vitamin B12-binding proteins. (nih.gov)
• Plasma proteins. (letstalkmed.com)
• The complement system consists of a number of plasma- and membrane-bound proteins, which protects against immune-mediated tissue damage in a number of settings. (essay9.com)
• However, previous studies have suggested that accumulation of plasma proteins, possibly immunoglobulins, and albumins, could diffuse into the cornea from the limbal circulation and are modified by UV radiation. (eyewiki.org)

Superficial corneal stroma2

• Spheroidal keratopathy is a degeneration of the cornea and/or conjunctiva, characterized by homogeneous, translucent, fine, golden yellow, spherules, or globules of varying size located in the superficial corneal stroma, Bowman's membrane, and subepithelium, and at the epithelium in advanced cases. (eyewiki.org)
• The lesions are located in the superficial corneal stroma, Bowman's membrane, subepithelium, and rarely in the epithelium in the advanced stage of the disease. (eyewiki.org)

Apical4

• Because Na + is coupled to either a monosaccharide or an amino acid on the carrier protein, entry of Na + across the apical membrane also brings in a monosaccharide or an amino acid. (basicmedicalkey.com)
• An extensive microvillous brush border on the apical plasma membrane projects into the lumen and dramatically increases the available surface area for solute transport. (pediagenosis.com)
• These cells also possess a prominent rough endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi apparatus near the apical membrane. (pediagenosis.com)
• PCT cells contain evidence of extensive endocytosis near the apical plasma membrane, including coated pits, invaginations, and endosomes. (pediagenosis.com)

Bowman's2

• Water and small solutes pass through the vessel walls forming a filtrate of the plasma which enters the underlying space, Bowman's capsule. (encyclopedia.com)
• Approximately 20% of the plasma that enters the glomerulus is filtered through the capillary filtration barrier and out into the urinary space (US) inside Bowman's capsule. (nih.gov)

Basolateral4

• Basolateral surface is composed of the rest of the plasma membrane. (wisewaystostudy.com)
• Schematic representation of how active extrusion of Na + via the enzyme Na + ,K + -ATPase across the basolateral membrane of an epithelial cell creates an electrochemical gradient for the entry of Na + across the luminal membrane. (basicmedicalkey.com)
• The increase in concentrations of these organic solutes inside the epithelial cells then allows the diffusion, usually facilitated by another carrier, of these nutrients across the basolateral membrane into the interstitial fluid. (basicmedicalkey.com)
• These basolateral processes increase the surface area available for transport across the basolateral cell membrane. (pediagenosis.com)

Mitochondria2

• It has been reported that L-carnitine inhibited free radical generation, prevented the damage due to fatty acid β-oxidation in mitochondria and protected tissues from impairment by renovating oxidized membrane lipids[ 10 ]. (ijpsonline.com)
• We found that ACSL1 adjoined the outer membrane of mitochondria through interaction of its N-terminal region with carnitine palmitoyltransferase-1b (CPT1b) in C2C12 myotubes. (molcells.org)

Regulate2

• 2023) SEC14-like condensate phase transitions at plasma membranes regulate root growth in Arabidopsis. (forth.gr)
• Therefore physiological regulatory mechanisms are present to regulate the concentration of K + in the plasma within narrow limits. (basicmedicalkey.com)

Epithelial cells1

• Exposure of neoplastic cervical epithelial cells to seminal plasma (SP) has been shown to promote the growth of cancer cells in vitro and tumors in vivo by inducing the expression of inflammatory mediators including pro-inflammatory cytokines. (biomedcentral.com)

Inhibitor1

• For example, protonation of vanadate initiates a series of condensations to produce polyoxovanadate ions: pH 9-12: HVO2−4, V2O4−7 pH 4-9: H2VO−4, V4O4−12, HV10O5−28 pH 2-4: H3VO4, H2V10O4−28 Vanadate is a potent inhibitor of certain plasma membrane ATPases, such as Na+/K+-ATPase and Ca2+-ATPase (PMCA). (wikipedia.org)

Corticosteroids1

• Treatment is with corticosteroids, with or without cyclophosphamide or rituximab, and sometimes plasma exchange. (msdmanuals.com)

Transporter2

• 2017) Characterization of auxin transporter PIN6 plasma membrane targeting reveals a function for PIN6 in plant bolting. (oeaw.ac.at)
• Letermovir is taken up by the liver via OATP1B1/3, a major hepatic plasma membrane organic anion transporter and its major route of excretion is biliary. (nih.gov)

Fluids2

• The osmolarity of plasma and body fluids, at 290 mmol/L, can be estimated by doubling its Na + concentration of 145 mmol/L. Any change in plasma Na + concentration will alter plasma osmolarity, or tonicity, and trigger physiological regulatory mechanisms to adjust water intake and water excretion to restore the osmolarity toward normal. (basicmedicalkey.com)
• The fluids are besides distributed inside of blood vass I the blood plasma. (graduateway.com)

Kidneys3

• The kidneys aid to keep the body's H2O concentration in the blood plasma, which helps to keep the concentration of H2O in the blood plasma. (graduateway.com)
• This mainly occurs due to the kidneys, where blood is filtered and the H2O and salts from the blood are reabsorbed into the blood plasma to keep the unstable balance of our organic structures. (graduateway.com)
• Every minute both kidneys receive 1 L of blood (20 - 25% of the cardiac output), out of which 600 ml is plasma, and out of this plasma 120 ml will be filtered. (letstalkmed.com)

Characterization1

• 10. Characterization of the human placental membrane receptor for transcobalamin II-cobalamin. (nih.gov)

Extracellular5

• The volume of the extracellular fluid compartment (interstitial fluid and plasma) is determined primarily by the total amount of osmotic particles present. (basicmedicalkey.com)
• Because of its high concentration, Na + , together with its accompanying anions Cl - and HCO 3 - , is the major determinant of osmolarity of plasma and extracellular fluid. (basicmedicalkey.com)
• Because the volume of extracellular fluid depends on the amount of Na + present in the extracellular space, regulation of plasma volume and extracellular fluid volume involves the regulation of ingestion and excretion of sodium (Hall, 2011d). (basicmedicalkey.com)
• Around 5 % is found in the plasma, 15 % in the extracellular compartment, and 40 % in the intracellular compartments. (graduateway.com)
• Light microscopy demonstrates extracellular deposits in different sizes and shapes, such as spherical, elongated, or angular, in the subepithelium, Bowman membrane, and superficial stroma of the cornea. (eyewiki.org)

Bound1

• The classical pathway of complement activation is triggered by activation of the C1 complex (C1q, two molecules of C1r and two molecules of C1s), which occurs at least when two binding sites of C1q molecule binds to Fc fragments of IgG or IgM complexed with membrane bound antigen. (essay9.com)

Electrolytes1

• Electrolytes and H2O move through cell membranes and walls. (graduateway.com)

Renal1

• Some substances such as glucose and sodium are one-hundred percent reabsorbed until the plasma level exceeds a certain concentration called the renal threshold. (encyclopedia.com)

Filtration2

• Total surface area of filtering membrane (directly proportional to the filtration rate). (letstalkmed.com)
• Filtration fraction (fraction of the plasma fluid which has been filtered). (letstalkmed.com)

Protein3

• The role of transcobalamin I, transcobalamin III, and the normal granulocyte vitamin B12-binding protein in the plasma transport of vitamin B12. (nih.gov)
• High plasma protein → increase π GC. (letstalkmed.com)
• Non-plasma protein binding. (letstalkmed.com)

Cell3

• Immunofluorescent staining of human cell line A-431 shows localization to plasma membrane & cell junctions. (creativebiolabs.net)
• Supports healthy cell membranes. (nutrimal.co)
• Plays important role in modulating gene expression, cell membrane signaling, lipid transport and metabolism, and early brain development. (nutrimal.co)

Immunoglobulins1

• It accumulates subendothelially, may extend into the media, and represents the accumulation of plasma-derived substances including various immunoglobulins, complement components especially C3, and fibrinogen. (pressbooks.pub)

Urine2

• The most commonly used follow-up tests are creatinine clearance, plasma and urine osmolality, and urine sodium. (encyclopedia.com)
• or total vitamin B6 in plasma, erythrocytes, or urine [ 1 ]. (nih.gov)

Concentration1

• Filtered load depends on inulin concentration in plasma and GFR ([p] inulin x GFR). (letstalkmed.com)

Glomerulus1

• The remaining 80% of the plasma and all the blood cells leave the glomerulus via the efferent arteriole. (nih.gov)

Interaction1

• Normally, plasma vWF is inert in its interaction towards platelets until it encounters an exposed subendothelial surface. (medscape.com)

Consists1

• PIN2 family consists of four groups such as Kunitz, Bowman Birk, Potato I and Squash families. (abt737.com)

Space1

• Hydrostatic pressure in Bowman space (π BC)= 10 mmHg. (letstalkmed.com)

Approximately1

• vWF, a large, multimeric glycoprotein, circulates in blood plasma at concentrations of approximately 10 mg/mL. (medscape.com)

Increases1

• Cyclosporin is also taken up by OATP1B1 and inhibits its activity which can lead to marked increases in letermovir plasma levels. (nih.gov)

Disease1

• Studies have reported that atorvastatin, a lipid lowering agent, decreased vascular risk in patients with coronary artery disease by reducing plasma levels of cholesterol[ 5 ]. (ijpsonline.com)

Function1

• Leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2) has an important function in membrane biology. (nih.gov)

Transport1

• 5. The role and fate of rabbit and human transcobalamin II in the plasma transport of vitamin B12 in the rabbit. (nih.gov)

Growth1

• The mode of action of PI is either via inactivating the hydrolase enzymes or depolarization of plasma membrane of the pathogens thereby inhibiting its growth and invasion. (abt737.com)

Vitamin1

• Plasma PLP is the most common measure of vitamin B6 status. (nih.gov)

Major1

• However, the Food and Nutrition Board (FNB) at the Institute of Medicine of the National Academies (formerly National Academy of Sciences) used a plasma PLP level of 20 nmol/L as the major indicator of adequacy to calculate the Recommended Dietary Allowances (RDAs) for adults [ 1 , 3 ]. (nih.gov)