Plantar medial arch hindfoot posterior tibial tendon dysfunction. Medical search. Frequent questions

The adult acquired flatfoot is a progressive, symptomatic (painful) deformity resulting from gradual stretch (attenuation) of the tibialis posterior tendon as well as the ligaments that support the arch of the foot. (weebly.com)
The bones work in coordination with your muscles, tendons, and ligaments, as these components all operate flexibly and reliably for you when they are not inhibited by health issues. (orthopedicassociates.org)
As the arch flattens, more stress is placed on the posterior tibial tendon and also on the ligaments on the inside of the foot and ankle. (doctorputnam.com)
In addition to tendons running across the ankle and foot joints, a number of ligaments span and stabilize these joints. (doctorputnam.com)
The ligaments at the medial ankle can become stretched and contribute to the progressive flattening of the arch. (doctorputnam.com)
The foot is a marvel of biomechanical engineering, composed of numerous bones, joints, muscles, ligaments, and tendons working in harmony to support the body's weight, facilitate movement, and absorb shock. (premierpodiatryservices.com)
These ligaments, including the anterior talofibular, posterior talofibular, and calcaneofibular ligaments, provide stability to the outer side of the ankle. (premierpodiatryservices.com)
By appreciating the intricate balance of bones, joints, muscles, ligaments, and tendons within the foot, we can better appreciate the marvel of human biomechanics that allows us to stand, walk, and engage in a wide range of activities. (premierpodiatryservices.com)
It is composed of at least 28 bones, 33 joints, and more than a hundred muscles, tendons, and ligaments. (lfaclinic.co.uk)
The midfoot is connected to the hind and forefoot by ligaments, muscles and the plantar fascia. (lfaclinic.co.uk)
They or more severe factors such as rupture of were given a brief general medical exami- the ligaments or tendons in the foot [ 7 ]. (who.int)

This muscle then passes behind the medial (inside) aspect of the ankle and attaches to the medial midfoot as the posterior tibial tendon. (doctorputnam.com)
Contraction of the tibialis posterior locks the joints of the midfoot during gait progression to create a rigid lever in the foot. (orthopaedia.com)
Tibialis Anterior tendonitis leads to pain and often swelling in the front of the ankle and into the medial midfoot (Figure 4). (orthopaedia.com)
Crossing the midfoot, this arch enhances the foot's adaptability to varying surfaces. (premierpodiatryservices.com)

however, the original description of using tendon transfer for the treatment of progressive flatfoot deformity is attributed to Goldner in 1974. (medscape.com)
Posterior tibial tendon dysfunction is one of several terms to describe a painful, progressive flatfoot deformity in adults. (weebly.com)
If a fixed deformity has not occurred, the patient may report that standing or walking with the hindfoot slightly inverted alleviates the lateral impingement and relieves the pain in the lateral part of the foot. (weebly.com)
A new type of surgery has been developed in which surgeons can re-construct the flat foot deformity and also the deltoid ligament using a tendon called the peroneus longus. (weebly.com)
The progression of hallux valgus deformity is a gradual failure of the medial capsule of the MTP joint, leading to varus of the metatarsal. (musculoskeletalkey.com)
A rearfoot tarsal coalition can create a rigid pes planus deformity and limit the function of the posterior tibialis tendon. (msdmanuals.com)
In late stages, the ankle joint will undergo arthritic changes due to the hindfoot valgus deformity. (msdmanuals.com)
Acquired adult flatfoot deformity (AAFD) is a progressive flattening of the arch of the foot that occurs as the posterior tibial tendon becomes insufficient. (doctorputnam.com)
This problem may progress from early stages with pain along the posterior tibial tendon to advanced deformity and arthritis throughout the hindfoot and ankle. (doctorputnam.com)
Patients often experience pain and/or deformity at the ankle or hindfoot. (doctorputnam.com)
As the tendon progressively fails, deformity of the foot and ankle may occur. (doctorputnam.com)
This deformity can include progressive flattening of the arch, shifting of the heel so that it no longer is aligned underneath the rest of the leg, rotation and deformity of the forefoot, tightening of the heel cord, development of arthritis, and deformity of the ankle joint. (doctorputnam.com)
Posterior tibial tendon dysfunction is the most common cause of acquired adult flatfoot deformity. (doctorputnam.com)
Flatfoot, also known as "fallen arches" or Pes planus, is a deformity in children's feet where the arch that runs along the sole of the foot collapses to the ground or is not formed at all. (precisionfootandankle.co.uk)
[ 12 ] It can be done through a single medial incision, preserves a nonarthritic CC joint, maintains the length of the lateral column, and has been shown to be a reliable method for correcting planovalgus deformity. (medscape.com)

The posterior tibialis muscle originates on the bones of the leg (tibia and fibula). (doctorputnam.com)

Insufficiency or dysfunction of the posterior tibial tendon (PTT) has historically been thought to be the most common cause of AAFD. (medscape.com)
Other terms include posterior tibial tendon insufficiency and adult acquired flatfoot. (weebly.com)
It has many other names such posterior tibial tendon dysfunction, posterior tibial tendon insufficiency and dorsolateral peritalar subluxation. (doctorputnam.com)

acquired: dysfunction of the tibialis posterior tendon (most common), tear of the spring ligament, rupture of the tibialis anterior (both rare). (osteofisioluciani.com)

Tibialis posterior tendinosis, which is degeneration of the tibialis posterior tendon, and tibialis posterior tenosynovitis are the most common causes of pain behind the medial malleolus. (msdmanuals.com)
The posterior tibial tendon lies immediately behind the medial malleolus. (msdmanuals.com)
Early on, patients experience occasional pain behind the medial malleolus. (msdmanuals.com)
Over time, the pain becomes severe, with painful swelling behind the medial malleolus. (msdmanuals.com)
In tenosynovitis, pain is typically more acute and the tendon may feel thick and swollen as it courses around the medial malleolus. (msdmanuals.com)
Pain and swelling with tenderness of the tibialis posterior tendon behind the medial malleolus is suggestive of tenosynovitis. (msdmanuals.com)
The tibialis posterior muscle belly originates on the posterior aspects of the tibia and fibula and the tendon crosses behind the medial malleolus to insert primarily on the navicular (Figure 2). (orthopaedia.com)
Anatomy of lateral incision: (A) lateral incision, (B) lateral malleolus, (C) base of fourth metatarsal, (D) base of fifth metatarsal, (E) peroneal tendons, (F) sural nerve, (G) intermediate dorsal cutaneous nerve. (medscape.com)

A tight Achilles tendon or calf muscles (heel cord contracture). (osteofisioluciani.com)
Several muscles and tendons around the ankle and foot act to counter-balance the action of the posterior tibial tendon. (doctorputnam.com)
When the posterior tibial tendon fails, the other muscles and tendons become relatively over-powering. (doctorputnam.com)
A bursa is a small fluid filled sac that forms around joints in areas where there is a lot of friction between muscles, tendons and outcrops of bone. (weebly.com)
This causes the muscles and tendons to be used excessively or improperly, which deforms the toes over time. (weebly.com)
Originating outside the foot, these muscles have tendons that extend into the foot, aiding in larger movements like ankle and toe flexion. (premierpodiatryservices.com)
The largest tendon in the body, the Achilles tendon connects the calf muscles to the heel bone. (premierpodiatryservices.com)
The calf muscles (gastrocnemius and soleus) insert via the Achilles tendon into the calcaneum at the tuberosity. (lfaclinic.co.uk)
Tendons are strong tissues that connect muscles to bone. (bolducpt.com)

Results from a 1969 study by Kettelkamp and Alexander revealed that when patients demonstrated tendon rupture and surgical correction was delayed, a poor outcome with surgical exploration resulted. (medscape.com)
In cases of chronic tendinosis without rupture, the medial column (arch) height decreases gradually. (msdmanuals.com)
Unilateral arch collapse with medial ankle bulging and forefoot abduction (too many toes sign) is particularly suggestive of advanced tendon pathology and warrants testing for tendon rupture. (msdmanuals.com)
Chronic ulnar wrist pain secondary to partial rupture of the extensor carpi ulnaris tendon. (dnahelix.com)
It may be affected by a number of clinical conditions that are reviewed in chapter 8 (Achilles tendon disorders) and chapter 14 (Achilles tendon rupture). (orthopaedia.com)
Therefore, rupture or even stretching of this tendon can lead to flat feet. (orthopaedia.com)
The presence, location, and intensity of the bone bruises within specific compartments of the femur and tibial after ACL rupture and patellar dislocation were recorded. (preprints.org)
There were 4 kinds of bone bruise patterns after non-contact ACL rupture while there was only 1 kind of bone bruise pattern after patellar dislocation bone bruise patients which was in the inferior medial patella and lateral anterior inferior femur. (preprints.org)

An inflamed and irritated plantar fascia can be very painful, therefore when pain does develop, it can be very disabling, making every step a problem which in turn can affect an individual's overall posture. (bootcampmilitaryfitnessinstitute.com)
The fact that the plantar fascia is not a tendon means that successful treatment of the condition can be achieved by strengthening of the enthesis (as one would treat an insertional tendinopathy) or, alternatively, by stretching or even rupturing the medial aspect of the enthesis, which paradoxically can also lead to complete resolution of symptoms (Orchard, 2002). (bootcampmilitaryfitnessinstitute.com)
A thick band of connective tissue that runs along the bottom of the foot, the plantar fascia provides arch support and absorbs shock during walking. (premierpodiatryservices.com)

physiological: infants often have minimal arch, while many toddlers have flattening of the long arch, with forefoot pronation and heel valgus on weight-bearing. (osteofisioluciani.com)
The forefoot is abducted relative to the hindfoot. (osteofisioluciani.com)
Also known as the transverse tarsal joint, it connects the hindfoot and forefoot, facilitating side-to-side movement and adaptation to uneven surfaces. (premierpodiatryservices.com)

and the pair of peroneal tendons (peroneus longus and brevis). (orthopaedia.com)

From a clinical perspective plantar fasciitis (think pain in the arch of the foot), unfortunately, has the reputation of being a trivial condition clinically, in that it is described as benign and self-limiting (Wolgin et al. (bootcampmilitaryfitnessinstitute.com)
In this context, plantar fasciitis, which inhibits physical activity due to pain, can be given its due respect (Irving et al. (bootcampmilitaryfitnessinstitute.com)
Many individuals who develop plantar fasciitis are already overweight (Irving et al. (bootcampmilitaryfitnessinstitute.com)
2006), although the US military states plantar fasciitis is a common problem in soldiers (Morton et al. (bootcampmilitaryfitnessinstitute.com)
Since being inactive and overweight are major risk factors for many diseases, an efficient treatment paradigm for plantar fasciitis - as opposed to a 'wait and see' or conservative approach - becomes essential. (bootcampmilitaryfitnessinstitute.com)
Section Two of this overview will provide the reader with a definition of plantar fasciitis, other common terms by which it is known, as well as defining some important terms. (bootcampmilitaryfitnessinstitute.com)
Section Four will outline the causes of plantar fasciitis, why it is a problem and some of the known complications. (bootcampmilitaryfitnessinstitute.com)
Section Nine outlines some of the conditions which are similar to plantar fasciitis which the reader should be wary of. (bootcampmilitaryfitnessinstitute.com)
2.0 What is Plantar Fasciitis? (bootcampmilitaryfitnessinstitute.com)
Therefore may cause or be associated with other bio-mechanical causes of pain such as:low back pain, genus valgum (knock knees), medial or anterior knee pain, shin splints, achilles tendinopathy , increased risk of ankle sprain , plantar fasciitis. (osteofisioluciani.com)
Wearing shoes that do not supply enough arch support can also increase the chances of dealing with blisters, or plantar fasciitis. (orthopedicassociates.org)
High heels that are worn for more than four hours can also increase the likelihood of contending with a number of issues including corns, calluses, plantar fasciitis, and metatarsalgia - which involves an inflammation that occurs at the bottom your foot. (orthopedicassociates.org)

The medial arch is composed of the calcaneus, the talus, the cuneiforms, and the first through third metatarsals. (medscape.com)
The talus does not have tendon attachments, and is constrained by ligament and contact forces. (biomedcentral.com)

In the early stages of dysfunction of the posterior tibial tendon, most of the discomfort is located medially along the course of the tendon and the patient reports fatigue and aching on the plantar-medial aspect of the foot and ankle. (weebly.com)
Pain with resisted inversion and tenderness along the course of the tendon to its insertion on the navicular are hallmarks of this condition. (orthopaedia.com)
If there is tenderness at the insertion but not along the course of the tendon, a symptomatic accessory navicular may be present. (orthopaedia.com)

Radiographs may be performed to rule out other structural abnormalities contributing to medial ankle pain (eg, os naviculare, an accessory bone that can become symptomatic). (msdmanuals.com)
Because of its simplicity and the power to place a gliding floor between the bone and tendon, the sling is most well-liked. (dnahelix.com)
The tissue is then brought again over the tendon and secured to itself and the ulna, utilizing bone anchors. (dnahelix.com)
The peroneus longus and brevis muscle bellies originate on the fibula and the tendons course together along the bone, with the brevis medial to the longus (Figure 3). (orthopaedia.com)
The peroneus longus tendon then continues in a plantar direction along the sole of the foot to the base of the first metatarsal bone. (orthopaedia.com)
The peroneus brevis tendon inserts into a tuberosity at the base of the fifth metatarsal bone, on its lateral side. (orthopaedia.com)
Tibialis Posterior tendonitis presents as medial ankle and arch pain, worsened with prolonged standing and often in conjunction with a flat foot and prominent navicular bone on the medial aspect of the foot. (orthopaedia.com)
Retrocalcaneal bursitis is the painful inflammation and swelling of the retrocalcaneal bursa that is situated between the calcaneus (heel bone) and the Achilles tendon. (weebly.com)
The bursae position themselves in between the tendon or muscle and the bone, buffering any friction from movement. (weebly.com)
To picture a bursa imagine it as a very small water filled balloon that sits in places where things rub against each other, such as in between a tendon and a bone, to provide a soft smooth cushion for the tendon to pass over painlessly. (weebly.com)
Several tendons, the tibial artery and nerve pass close to this bone on their way to the rest of the foot. (lfaclinic.co.uk)
Sagittal and transverse planes images were used to determine the bone bruise location in the lateral-medial and superior-inferior directions of the MR images. (preprints.org)
There was only 1 pattern bone bruise (latera femur and medial patella bone bruise) of patellar dislocation, the most common pattern of patellar dislocation was in the inferior medial patella and lateral anterior inferior femur. (preprints.org)

Degeneration results from long-standing biomechanical problems, such as excessive pronation (often in people with obesity), hindfoot valgus or chronic tenosynovitis. (msdmanuals.com)
The pull of the Achilles tendon is altered and creates a hindfoot valgus, which, in turn, contributes to degenerative changes at the subtalar joint and progression to arthritis. (msdmanuals.com)

Paratenonitis is an inflammation of the lining of the thin lining of connective tissue that surrounds many tendons allowing the tendon to glide more easily, namely the paratenon. (orthopaedia.com)

[ 3 ] Later research has focused more on the static restraints of the medial longitudinal arch. (medscape.com)
[ 14 ] A widely accepted classification system, proposed by Johnson in 1989 and modified by Myerson in 1997, clarified treatment recommendations on the basis of the severity of the PTT dysfunction and the adaptation of the foot to collapse of the medial longitudinal arch. (medscape.com)
The function and structure of the medial longitudinal arch are affected by numerous anatomic structures, all offering potential contributions to the pathophysiology of AAFD. (medscape.com)
The foot has both a medial and a lateral longitudinal arch. (medscape.com)
Flatfoot (in medicine Pes planus) is a condition in which the medial longitudinal arch of the foot is diminished or absent. (osteofisioluciani.com)
See my video on off weighting the sore area with hapad longitudinal medial arch pads behind the sore 2nd and 3rd met heads, and 1/8 to 3/16 th inch adhesive felt to off weight the 2 and 3 (weight has to be put on the 1st, 4th and 5th). (drblakeshealingsole.com)

I ice it, gently stretch calf and plantar. (drblakeshealingsole.com)

In the earlier stages, symptoms often include pain and tenderness along the posterior tibial tendon behind the inside of the ankle. (doctorputnam.com)
Patients exhibit tenderness to palpation of the bursa anterior to the Achilles tendon on both the medial and lateral aspects. (weebly.com)

With conditions about the ankle, such as chronic ankle instability, syndesmotic injury, and acute and chronic Achilles tendon ruptures, if nonsurgical treatment fails surgery becomes necessary. (musculoskeletalkey.com)
The large Achilles tendon runs posterior to the ankle and inserts into the calcaneus. (orthopaedia.com)
Exercise modification Stretch your heel, mainly Achilles tendon, frequently, particularly before and after excercise or prolonged sitting. (weebly.com)
The Achilles tendon is the largest and strongest tendon in the body. (precisionfootandankle.co.uk)
The Achilles tendon is the largest and strongest tendon in the human body. (precisionfootandankle.co.uk)
Others may experience foot pain, knee pain, (abducted), and the heel is rolled outward shin splints and pain in the achilles tendon. (who.int)
The Achilles tendon is the most powerful tendon in the human body. (bolducpt.com)

Tenosynovitis of the tendon sheath begins with acute inflammation. (msdmanuals.com)
With early-stage disease that involves pain along the tendon, immobilization with a boot for a period of time can relieve stress on the tendon and reduce the inflammation and pain. (doctorputnam.com)
Due to their important roles during gait, each of these tendons may be subject to overuse and inflammation. (orthopaedia.com)
Achilles tendonitis is a general term that describes inflammation of the tendon, causing pain. (precisionfootandankle.co.uk)

BACKGROUND: The medial plantar artery perforator (MPAP) flap is widely used to reconstruct the weight-bearing area of the foot. (bvsalud.org)

In addition, advanced tendinopathy can result in a collapsed foot arch, which on radiograph shows loss of arch height and joint malalignment of the subtalar, talonavicular, naviculocuneiform, and/or the calcaneocuboid joints. (msdmanuals.com)
The location of pain, shape of the foot, flexibility of the hindfoot joints and gait all may help your physician make the diagnosis and also assess how advanced the problem is. (doctorputnam.com)
Muscle imbalance puts a lot of pressure on the toe's tendons and joints. (weebly.com)
Arthroscopic arthrodesis is an accepted technique for the ankle but less commonly reported for multiple hindfoot joints. (medscape.com)

The diagnosis of posterior tibial tendon dysfunction and AAFD is usually made from a combination of symptoms, physical exam and x-ray imaging. (doctorputnam.com)

Posterior tibial tendon transfer: Biomechanical evaluation of circumtibial, above-retinaculum and below-retinaculum transmembranous transfer. (aofas.org)

As dysfunction of the tendon progresses, maximum pain occurs laterally in the sinus tarsi because of impingement of the fibula against the calcaneus. (weebly.com)

The tibialis posterior muscle attaches to the navicular through its tendon at the tuberosity. (lfaclinic.co.uk)

Many people experience aching pain in the heel and arch and swelling along the inner side of the foot. (weebly.com)
With flexible flatfoot, this will reveal the arch, and the heel will move inwards (varus position). (osteofisioluciani.com)
Finally, there is the hindfoot which is the area of your heel and ankle. (orthopedicassociates.org)
Cavus foot also referred to as a high arch, is a condition in which the arch on the bottom of the foot that runs from the toes to the heel is arched more than normal. (precisionfootandankle.co.uk)
Extending from the heel to the ball of the foot, this arch is crucial for weight distribution and shock absorption. (premierpodiatryservices.com)

This tendon plays a central role in maintaining the normal alignment of the foot and also in enabling normal gait (walking). (doctorputnam.com)

Important tendons cross the anterior, medial and lateral aspects of the ankle. (orthopaedia.com)
The tibialis anterior muscle is the most medial muscle of the anterior compartment of the leg (Figure 1). (orthopaedia.com)

Patients often report pain over the medial eminence (the prominent medial portion of the metatarsal head) and numbness extending into the hallux caused by the stretch of the dorsal medial cutaneous nerve (a branch of the superficial peroneal nerve). (musculoskeletalkey.com)
Posterior tibial tendon dysfunction occurs more commonly in patients who already have a flat foot for other reasons. (doctorputnam.com)
Once these symptoms have resolved, patients are often transitioned into an orthotic that supports the inside aspect of the hindfoot. (doctorputnam.com)

Instead, a mismatch between active and passive arch stabilizers is a more likely scenario (see Pathophysiology and Etiology ). (medscape.com)
Flat foot is a condition in which the foot about every aspect of the condition, from does not have a normal medial longitudi- etiology to treatment, as has flexible flat nal arch when standing [ 1 ]. (who.int)

If the tendon ruptures (eg, with chronic tendinosis), the foot may acutely flatten (arch collapse) and pain may extend into the sole. (msdmanuals.com)

The term adult acquired flatfoot is more appropriate because it allows a broader recognition of causative factors, not only limited to the posterior tibial tendon, an event where the posterior tibial tendon looses strength and function. (weebly.com)

Swelling is common if the dysfunction is associated with tenosynovitis. (weebly.com)
Tibialis posterior tendinosis and tenosynovitis are diagnosed clinically. (msdmanuals.com)
MRI or ultrasonography can confirm a fluid collection around the tendon (indicating tenosynovitis) or the extent of chronic degradation or tearing to the tendon with associated tendinosis. (msdmanuals.com)

Standing on the toes is usually painful and may not be possible if the tendon is ruptured or severely dysfunctional. (msdmanuals.com)
A hammertoe is a contracture of the toes as a result of a muscle imbalance between the tendons on the top and the tendons on the bottom of the toe. (weebly.com)
All four toe conditions may cause cramps in the toes, foot and leg due to the abnormal function of the tendons in the foot. (weebly.com)

Your mid-foot is a group of bones that form the arches of your feet. (orthopedicassociates.org)
Procedures may include ligament and muscle lengthening, removal of the inflamed tendon lining, tendon transfers, cutting and realigning bones, placement of implants to realign the foot and joint fusions. (doctorputnam.com)
These bones are important in forming the arches of the foot. (lfaclinic.co.uk)
at the ankle complex the tendons wrap around bones and change direction under retinaculae. (biomedcentral.com)

The vascular pedicle was anastomosed to the proximal end of the medial plantar vessels or the end of the posterior tibial vessels. (bvsalud.org)

Tendonitis , also known as Tendinitis, refers to a painful clinical condition where there is acute pain and swelling due to microtearing of the tendon and the resulting inflammatory response. (orthopaedia.com)

Palpation of the tendon with the foot in an inverted plantar flexed position with applied resistance is usually painful. (msdmanuals.com)
Loss of the arch is visible, with the medial side of the foot close to the ground. (osteofisioluciani.com)
When the posterior tibial tendon does not work properly, a number of changes can occur to the foot and ankle. (doctorputnam.com)
The posterior tibial tendon serves to invert (roll inward) the foot and maintain the arch of the foot. (doctorputnam.com)
In general, early stage disease may be treated with tendon and ligament (soft-tissue) procedures with the addition of osteotomies to realign the foot. (doctorputnam.com)
It actively inverts the foot and also plantar flexes the ankle, but its primary role is to support the medial arch of the foot. (orthopaedia.com)
Arch supports or an orthotic shoe insert prescribed by your doctor or podiatrist may help to redistribute weight on the foot. (weebly.com)
The usual cause is misalignment of the joint surfaces due to a genetic predisposition toward aberrant foot biomechanics and tendon contractures. (weebly.com)
They serve as the framework for the arches of the foot and play a crucial role in weight-bearing during activities like walking and running. (premierpodiatryservices.com)
The foot receives blood supply from arteries such as the dorsalis pedis and posterior tibial arteries, ensuring proper oxygenation and nourishment. (premierpodiatryservices.com)
The foot is innervated by branches of the sciatic and tibial nerves, providing sensory and motor functions to different parts of the foot. (premierpodiatryservices.com)
For individuals, this knowledge can serve as a foundation for proactive foot care, emphasizing the importance of proper footwear, regular exercise, and prompt attention to any signs of discomfort or dysfunction. (premierpodiatryservices.com)
present until weight is put on the foot, at The study included all male army recruits which time the arch disappears. (who.int)
This orthopaedic surgeons to record whether the develops with repetitive stress on the main participant had flat foot or not, and whether supporting tendon of the arch over a long the flat foot was unilateral or bilateral and period of time [ 3 ]. (who.int)

The lateral arch consists of the calcaneus, the cuboid, and the fourth and fifth metatarsals. (medscape.com)
Running parallel to the medial arch, the lateral arch adds to the foot's overall flexibility. (premierpodiatryservices.com)

Look for signs of tibialis posterior dysfunction [ (if history is suggestive of this). (osteofisioluciani.com)

Any deviations from the stated STJ alignment is considered to be abnormal and should, therefore, exhibit mechanical dysfunction. (physio-pedia.com)

The terminology of tendon disorders may be confusing. (orthopaedia.com)

There is ill-defined soft tissue edema plantar to the heads of the second and third metatarsals. (drblakeshealingsole.com)

More commonly, the tendon becomes injured from cumulative wear and tear. (doctorputnam.com)

Anatomy1

Diseases4

Ligaments11

Midfoot4

Deformity15

Tibialis muscle1

Insufficiency3

Spring ligament1

Malleolus8

Muscles9

Rupture8

Fascia3

Forefoot3

Peroneal tendons1

Fasciitis12

Talus2

Course of the tendon3

Bone13

Valgus2

Connective tissue1

Longitudinal6

Calf1

Tenderness2

Achilles Tendon7

Inflammation4

Artery1

Joints4

Diagnosis1

Biomechanical1

Fibula1

Attaches1

Heel5

Gait1

Anterior2

Patients3

Etiology2

Ruptures1

Flatfoot1

Tenosynovitis3

Toes3

Bones4

Proximal1

Clinical1

Foot14

Lateral arch2

Suggestive1

Abnormal1

Disorders1

Soft-tissue1

Tear1