Plant glycosides. Medical search. Frequent questions

Steviol glycosides are found in foods and beverages in the U.S. under the names Rebaudioside A (or Reb A), Stevioside, Rebaudioside D, or steviol glycoside mixtures that contain Rebaudioside A and/or Stevioside as the main ingredients. (harvard.edu)
Steviol glycoside from the stevia rebaudiana plant). (cancer.org.au)
Steviol glycosides are present in the leaves of the Stevia rebaudiana plant, have a sweet taste, and have been used as a sweetener for centuries. (sweeteners.org)
To build on previous authoritative safety assessments of steviol glycosides, a systematic assessment of mechanistic data related to key characteristics of carcinogens (KCCs) was conducted. (sweeteners.org)
Over 900 KCC-relevant endpoints from peer-reviewed literature and high-throughput screening data (ToxCast/Tox21) were identified across individual steviol glycosides and derivatives, metabolites, and whole leaf extracts. (sweeteners.org)
Following integration across all data, and accounting for study quality and relevance, the totality of the evidence demonstrated an overall lack of genotoxic and carcinogenic activity for steviol glycosides. (sweeteners.org)
The findings support prior conclusions that steviol glycosides are unlikely to be carcinogenic in humans. (sweeteners.org)
The current systematic evaluation of all available evidence from human, animal, and mechanistic data affirms the lack of genotoxic and carcinogenic potential of steviol glycosides. (sweeteners.org)
The outcomes of this study are consistent with conclusions from regulatory food safety authorities worldwide supporting that steviol glycosides are safe and non-carcinogenic. (sweeteners.org)
This study by Chappell et al aimed to systematically identify, evaluate and integrate all available mechanistic data related to key characteristics of carcinogens (KCC) in order to assess potential carcinogenicity of steviol glycosides using a structured, quantitative framework. (sweeteners.org)
The results showed that exposure to steviol glycosides is unlikely to pose a carcinogenic risk to humans, which is consistent with assessments from authoritative bodies including the Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives (JECFA), the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) and the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA). (sweeteners.org)
Steviol glycosides based granular table top sweetener. (waitrose.com)
The subject of the notice is purified steviol glycosides (SGs). (fda.gov)
Our use of "steviol glycosides," or "SGs" in this letter should not be considered an endorsement or recommendation of that term as an appropriate common or usual name for the purpose of declaring the substance in the ingredient statement of foods that contain that ingredient. (fda.gov)
SGs contains ≥95% total steviol glycosides, a group of structurally-related sweet compounds that are constituents of the stevia leaf. (fda.gov)
PureCircle provides information on various steviol glycosides that are identified in the literature and notes that the molecular structures are similar. (fda.gov)
Steviol glycosides consist of a common steviol backbone linked to varying numbers and combinations of glucose, rhamnose, xylose, and/or other sugars (e.g., fructose or deoxyglucose) in varying orientations on the steviol backbone. (fda.gov)
The filtrate is deionized using ion-exchange resins and then subjected to a macroporous adsorption resin that retains the steviol glycosides. (fda.gov)
The resin is washed with water and the steviol glycosides are then eluted with aqueous ethanol. (fda.gov)
The stevia leaves contain substances called steviol glycosides . (wonderlabs.com)
Different forms of stevia might contain different steviol glycosides, and they are useful for different purposes in cooking and food preparation. (wonderlabs.com)
The various glycosides are metabolized to steviol (Purkayastha 2016, Wheeler 2008) . (e-lactancia.org)
Steviol glycosides are neither genotoxic nor carcinogenic. (e-lactancia.org)

Tropane alkaloids (TAs) are secondary metabolites which naturally occur in plants of several families including Brassicaceae, Solanaceae (e.g. mandrake, henbane, deadly nightshade, Jimson weed) and Erythroxylaceae (including coca). (fsai.ie)
Results: Phytochemical analysis of the crude extracts of both plants revealed the presence of cardiac glycosides, saponins, alkaloids, flavonoids, and tannins but V. paradoxa contain more carbohydrates and starch, and less phlobatannins, compared to E. heterophylla. (bvsalud.org)

Bacoside A, B are the major constituents present in Brahmi plant in the form of saponins other than this D- mannitol, hersaponin and potassium salts are also present. (researchgate.net)
The leaves contain at least 7 saponins, known as graecunins, which are glycosides of diosgenin. (drugs.com)

The plants had a fair amount of flavonoids and variable levels of cytotoxicity. (who.int)

Any dysrhythmia characterized by both increased automaticity and depressed conduction is suggestive of cardiac glycoside toxicity. (medscape.com)
Although acute and chronic plant cardiac glycoside toxicity are treated in similar manners, their noncardiac clinical manifestations differ. (medscape.com)
Kanji S, Maclean RD. Cardiac glycoside toxicity: More than 200 years and counting. (cdc.gov)

Passion fruit pulp also contains a toxin called cyanogenic glycoside. (webmd.com)
According to the ASPCA, the plant contains cyanogenic glycoside , which breaks down into cyanide and can cause gastrointestinal issues such as diarrhea and vomiting. (davidwolfe.com)

Suitable for Vegetarians and Vegans.Stevia Leaf Extract The sweet taste of Truvia® calorie-free sweetener comes from the extract of the stevia leaf, a plant that has been enjoyed for its delicate sweetness for centuries. (waitrose.com)
The SGs that is the subject of GRN 000619 is a highly purified component of the leaves of the stevia plant. (fda.gov)
Stevia refers to the Stevia plant, and it also refers to the sweetener harvested from this plant. (wonderlabs.com)
The Stevia plant is native to South America, and it has been used for centuries as a sweetener. (wonderlabs.com)
Several glycosides (rebaudiosides A, B, C, D and E, stevioside and dulcoside) used as sugar substitutes are obtained from the leaves of the Stevia rebaudiana plant native to Paraguay. (e-lactancia.org)

Specifically in this post, I'll be covering plants toxic to cats. (litter-robot.com)
Keep reading to find out about the plants toxic to cats and how to cat-proof your house, especially if you have a green thumb! (litter-robot.com)
The seeds contain cyanogenic glycosides (proteacine, dhurrine), toxic principles contained in some other species of the same botanical family. (botanical-online.com)
Certain plants can also form toxic secondary metabolites. (bund.de)
These include plants that are used as food or feed and that contain substances themselves that are toxic above certain doses. (bund.de)
Milkweeds contain various levels of cardiac glycoside compounds which render the plants toxic to most insects and animals. (usda.gov)
Toxic Principle: Protoanemonin, released from the glycoside ranunculin. (wildflower.org)
Many members of this genus contain toxic glycosides[65]. (pfaf.org)
plant may contain toxic levels of nitrates. (poultryhelp.com)
plant contains toxic resins. (poultryhelp.com)
plant may absorb toxic levels of selenium. (poultryhelp.com)
All parts of this plant, including the twigs, contain toxic compounds. (davidwolfe.com)
These plants and lily of the valley (which is similar but less toxic) contain digitalis glycosides. (msdmanuals.com)
Medicinal plants used by traditional medical practitioners (TMP) to treat cancers are considered safe when used alone or combined with conventional therapy to ensure their effectiveness and eliminate the toxic effects of orthodox medicines. (who.int)
Folk remedies and foods may contain toxic plants or other ingredients that can be poisonous when ingested. (cdc.gov)

Toxicity from herbal cardiac glycosides was well recognized by 1785, when William Withering published his classic work describing therapeutic uses and toxicity of foxglove, D purpurea . (medscape.com)
Therapeutic use of herbal cardiac glycosides continues to be a source of toxicity today. (medscape.com)
Cardiac glycosides have been also found in Asian herbal products and have been a source of human toxicity. (medscape.com)
Toxicity may occur after consuming teas brewed from plant parts or after consuming leaves, flowers, or seeds from plants containing cardiac glycosides. (medscape.com)

Cyanogenic glycosides (CNGs) contain chemically bound cyanide groups and are present in numerous plants such as almonds, linseed, lima beans and cassava. (fsai.ie)

Cardiac glycosides are found in several plants, including the leaves of the foxglove plant. (medlineplus.gov)
Besides the foxglove plant, cardiac glycosides also occur naturally in plants such as Lily-of-the-Valley and oleander , among several others. (medlineplus.gov)

Mycotoxins (mould toxins) and plant toxins (natural plant toxins, also phytotoxins) are among the undesirable substances in food and feed. (bund.de)
In addition to essential oil, plant leaves contain many other useful substances. (rxmed.com)
It has been revealed that, the bioactive substances have influenced the antimicrobial properties of M. citrifolia which could be exploited to formulate novel drugs from plant origin against bacterial and fungal infections. (scialert.net)
The highly experienced team of compilers from the renowned Institute of the Chemistry of Plant Substances in Tashkent have expertly assessed the international literature and include data only when confident of its validity, e.g. excluding data where measurement processes cause degradation of the original compound. (lu.se)
Even when properly identified and prepared, the concentrations of active substances in plants can differ depending on growing conditions (e.g., location, season), as well as harvesting and processing methods. (cdc.gov)
Many cultures use mind-altering substances from plants and fungi in religious ceremonies. (cdc.gov)

TAs are found in all parts of the plants and comprise more than 200 compounds. (fsai.ie)
Two main fields of interest form the background of actual demand for optimized levels of phenolic compounds in crop plants. (mdpi.com)
A survey of agricultural technologies influencing the biosynthesis and accumulation of phenolic compounds in crop plants is presented, including observations on the effects of light, temperature, mineral nutrition, water management, grafting, elevated atmospheric CO 2 , growth and differentiation of the plant and application of elicitors, stimulating agents and plant activators. (mdpi.com)
Bioactive glycosides are active compounds found in TCM that show therapeutic properties. (naturalnews.com)
The researchers hope that one day, suitable drug delivery vehicles for bioactive glycosides can be proposed as these compounds are the ideal candidates for the effective treatment of various diseases by natural means. (naturalnews.com)
In recent years, research has been focused to find novel compounds from plant, animal and microbial origin. (scialert.net)
Increasing resistance development against frequently used antimicrobial compounds by the micro organisms is urging to discover new antimicrobial compounds, particularly from plant origin. (scialert.net)
Natural Compounds: Plant Sources, Structure and Properties' details the properties of over 7,500 chemical compounds of pharmacological interest found in plants. (lu.se)
Each volume systematically covers occurrence of the compounds in plants, illustrations of chemical structures plus physical-chemical, spectral, and pharmacological data. (lu.se)
This provides unique coverage of information on compounds isolated from some 3,000 plants, including many from central Asia and Russia, that are not well known elsewhere. (lu.se)
The entries are preceded by tabulated information on the occurrence of the compounds in plants etc. (lu.se)

Seeds of TA-producing plants, such as Datura stramonium of the genus Datura, can be found as impurities in agricultural crops such as linseed, soybean, millet, sunflower and buckwheat and products thereof. (fsai.ie)
The seeds are rich in protein, and the plant is grown as animal forage. (drugs.com)
Plant tissue cultures from seeds grown under optimal conditions have been found to produce as much as 2% diosgenin with smaller amounts of gitongenin and trigogenin. (drugs.com)
The seeds are used for purifying water, the leaves as nutrition supplements, the oil as a biofuel, the trunks as gum, the flowers as honey, and all of the plant parts can also be used for medicinal purposes ( Fahey, 2005 ). (frontiersin.org)

In addition, the venom gland of cane toad ( Bufo marinus ) contains large quantities of a purported aphrodisiac substance that has resulted in cardiac glycoside poisoning. (medscape.com)
Eddleston M, Ariaratnam CA, Sjostrom L, Jayalath S, Rajakanthan K, Rajapakse S. Acute yellow oleander (Thevetia peruviana) poisoning: cardiac arrhythmias, electrolyte disturbances, and serum cardiac glycoside concentrations on presentation to hospital. (medscape.com)
Antidotes for acute cardenolide (cardiac glycoside) poisoning. (medscape.com)
A fatal yellow oleander herbal poisoning is reported in a 2 1/2-year-old Melanesian boy, who had persistent vomiting,bradycardia caused by complete heart block, hyperkalemia and cardiac glycosides detected in his serum. (nih.gov)
Long-term (chronic) poisoning can occur in people who take cardiac glycosides every day. (medlineplus.gov)
Older people are especially likely to suffer from problems of long-term (chronic) cardiac glycoside poisoning. (medlineplus.gov)

More than 200 naturally occurring cardiac glycosides have been identified. (medscape.com)
Naturally occurring glycosides found in plants and having important biological activity. (synthose.com)
While cats are naturally carnivores, they seem to enjoy munching on greenery, including both indoor and outdoor plants. (litter-robot.com)
Some exudes naturally from the plant, more can be obtained by incision of the stem about 5cm below ground level[64]. (pfaf.org)
Sugar alcohols, or polyols , are a type of carbohydrate that occur naturally in many plant foods. (wonderlabs.com)

In molecular biology, glycoside hydrolase family 100 is a family of glycoside hydrolases. (wikipedia.org)
Glycoside hydrolase family 100 CAZY GH_100 includes enzymes with invertase activity EC 3.2.1.26. (wikipedia.org)
The glycoside hydrolase 28 member VdEPG1 is a virulence factor of Verticillium dahliae and interacts with the jasmonic acid pathway-related gene GhOPR9. (bvsalud.org)
Glycoside hydrolase (GH) family members act as virulence factors and regulate plant immune responses during pathogen infection . (bvsalud.org)

The M. phaseolina genome provides a framework of the infection process at the cytological and molecular level which uses a diverse arsenal of enzymatic and toxin tools to destroy the host plants. (biomedcentral.com)
Enzymatic route to alkyl glycosides having oligomeric head groups. (lu.se)

Ancient Egyptians and Romans first used plants containing cardiac glycosides medicinally as emetics and for heart ailments. (medscape.com)
Always seek advice from a professional before using a plant medicinally. (pfaf.org)

The medicine digoxin contains cardiac glycosides. (medlineplus.gov)
Digitalis lanata plants are used for the isolation of digoxin. (nzdl.org)
The suspension cultures tested in our screening were derived from stem, leaf, anther and ovary callus of 36 D. lanata plants, containing different levels of digoxin. (nzdl.org)
In spite of nearly identical digoxin content of the plant, the hydroxylating capacity of the corresponding cell strains varied from high 12 b -hydroxylation to total lack of any activity. (nzdl.org)

[ 3 ] En 1753, Carl Linnaeus describiu seis variedades de Solanum nigrum na súa obra Species Plantarum . (wikipedia.org)
Aim: the aim of this study was to carry out a homeopathic pathogenetic trial (HPT) in plants comparing the effects elicited by boric acid in ponderable dose and dilution 6cH in two different plant species, namely bean and tomato cultivars. (researchgate.net)
Moreover, HPTs in plants must be carried out with both ponderable doses and high dilutions in order for differences in sensitiveness among species be better identified. (researchgate.net)
two differe nt plant species, namely bean and toma to cultivars. (researchgate.net)
Macrophomina phaseolina is one of the most destructive necrotrophic fungal pathogens that infect more than 500 plant species throughout the world. (biomedcentral.com)
To overcome the host plant defense response, M. phaseolina encodes a significant number of P450s, MFS type membrane transporters, glycosidases, transposases, and secondary metabolites in comparison to all sequenced ascomycete species. (biomedcentral.com)
By documenting the traditional uses and biological activities of Moringa species, we hope to support new research on these plants, especially on those species whose biological properties have not been studied to date. (frontiersin.org)

Constraints and possible physiological feedbacks are considered for successful and sustainable application of agricultural techniques with respect to management of plant phenol profiles and concentrations. (mdpi.com)
The content of the main cyanidin glycoside in 'Fuji' apple, cyanidin galactoside, was lowest in the control treatment as well as concentrations of cyanidin arabinoside and two other cyanidin pentosides. (ashs.org)
Serum concentrations might be detectable after an exposure to plant-derived cardiac glycosides, some of which can cross-react with the various hospital laboratory assays used. (cdc.gov)

The medicinal and nutritional value of medicinal plants and fungi are generally represented by the accumulation of bioactive molecules that are in large part constituted by secondary metabolites with anti-cancer, hypoglycemic and antioxidant activities. (biomedcentral.com)
In this review, researchers from the Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine summarized the diverse pharmacological activities of bioactive glycosides and discussed recent advances in the development of suitable delivery systems for these plant components. (naturalnews.com)
On the other hand, the promising effects of bioactive glycosides are hindered by their poor solubility, poor stability, and rapid elimination. (naturalnews.com)
To overcome these problems, it is necessary to improve the therapeutic efficacy of bioactive glycosides first. (naturalnews.com)
In particular, bioactive glycosides can be used to treat intractable diseases via targeted drug delivery. (naturalnews.com)
However, problems arise from combining bioactive glycosides with certain drug delivery vehicles, so addressing these challenges is a top priority. (naturalnews.com)
The ethanolic extracts of the plant were examined for the presence of bioactive components and their total flavonoid content, with focusing on quercetin detection using thin layer bioautography (TLB) and brine shrimp lethality assay (BSLA) for cytotoxicity. (who.int)

Cardiac glycosides also have vagotonic effects, resulting in bradycardia and heart block. (medscape.com)

Mycotoxins (mould toxins) and plant toxins (toxins produced by plants) are among the natural toxins whose occurrence in food and animal feed is undesirable, but not completely avoidable. (bund.de)
These plant toxins are divided into different chemical structural classes formed by different plant families. (bund.de)
Other plant toxins can occur as contaminants in food or feed if plant parts containing toxins are harvested unintentionally together with the main crop. (bund.de)
Toxins are chemicals that are produced by organisms as a result of cellular metabolism (e.g., marine toxins such as saxitoxin or plant toxins such as ricin). (cdc.gov)
gastrointestinal tract affected by plant toxins. (poultryhelp.com)
cardiovascular system affected by plant toxins. (poultryhelp.com)

Plants, however, perceive steroids at membranes, using the membrane-integral receptor kinase BRASSINOSTEROID INSENSITIVE 1 (BRI1). (nature.com)

One chapter is fully devoted to the details of some important medicinal plants of Indian origin. (researchandmarkets.com)
Microbial Cell Factories invites you to read our collection featuring Microbial synthesis of natural products originating from medicinal plants and fungi . (biomedcentral.com)
Moringa is a genus of medicinal plants that has been used traditionally to cure wounds and various diseases such as colds and diabetes. (frontiersin.org)
Traditional Medicinal Plants (Dar Es Salaam University Press - Ministry of Health - Tanzania, 1991, 391 p. (nzdl.org)
10 Medicinal Plants Native Americans Used To Cure Everything From Inflammation To Infections! (davidwolfe.com)
Using cytotoxic and antioxidant studies, the study attempted to assess some of the commonly used medicinal plants used to cure cancer among Yoruba people in Ogun, Oyo, Osun, and Lagos (South-West, Nigeria). (who.int)

As by- products, they always contain high amounts of digitoxigenin glycosides. (nzdl.org)

Cardiac glycosides are found in a diverse group of plants including Digitalis purpurea and Digitalis lanata (foxgloves), Nerium oleander (common oleander), Thevetia peruviana (yellow oleander), Convallaria majalis (lily of the valley), Urginea maritima and Urginea indica (squill), Strophanthus gratus (ouabain), Apocynum cannabinum (dogbane), and Cheiranthus cheiri (wallflower). (medscape.com)

leaves of numerous plants including exposure. (cdc.gov)

We will evaluate the effects of environmental conditions associated with climate change on susceptibility of wheat and corn to Fusarium infection and trichothecene contamination and identify changes in plant physiology or defense that influence mycotoxin contamination. (usda.gov)
For some insects, the cardiac glycosides become a defense. (usda.gov)

My general rule is to never bring a florist bouquet into the house unless you can identify every single plant and leaf within that bouquet. (litter-robot.com)
This is my #1 no-go green leaf or plant to have in a cat household. (litter-robot.com)
The tobacco leaf-derived cembratriene-ol exhibits anti-insect effects, but its content in plants is scarce. (biomedcentral.com)
The disease progresses from leaf yellowing to wilting and ultimately plant death (Figure 1 f). (biomedcentral.com)

At therapeutic doses, cardiac glycosides also may increase inotropy. (medscape.com)
Background: Over time, herbal plants and their various components have been major sources of therapeutic medicine for man. (bvsalud.org)

In vivo antibacterial activities of the two plants were also tested by daily oral administration of 2000 mg/kg bodyweight (for 7 days) of each extract on inbred mice infected through intraperitoneal inoculation of an infective dose of each of the four enteric bacteria. (bvsalud.org)
In vitro assay showed dose-dependent antibacterial activity of the methanol, aqueous and chloroform (but not petroleum ether) extracts of the two plant roots. (bvsalud.org)

On the other hand, in tests of ponderable doses of boric acid, tomato plants exhibited 3 symptoms more than bean plants. (researchgate.net)

While the ASPCA APCC does have an amazing resource of safe versus poisonous plants on their website, keep in mind there are hundreds of plants listed. (litter-robot.com)
Poisonous Plants of N.C. (wildflower.org)
But there are several common plants, that although aesthetically pleasing, are also highly poisonous. (davidwolfe.com)
This is another common, ordinary-looking house plant that is extremely poisonous for pets. (davidwolfe.com)
If you or someone you know has come into contact with a poisonous plant or some other means of poison, contact the Poison Control Center immediately at 1-800-222-1222. (davidwolfe.com)

Few plant poisonings have specific antidotes. (msdmanuals.com)

Entries are indexed by plant name, subject, and pharmacological property. (lu.se)

This plant is the original source of the medicine digitalis. (medlineplus.gov)

As a toxicologist, my general rule is that 90% of the plants out there just result in mild gastrointestinal signs , like self-limiting vomiting and diarrhea. (litter-robot.com)

Over 450 insects are known to feed on some portion of the plant. (usda.gov)
Insects, Diseases, and Other Plant Problems: No serious problems. (ncsu.edu)

Cardiac glycosides primarily affect cardiovascular, neurologic, and gastrointestinal systems. (medscape.com)

cardiovascular system affected by cardiac glycosides. (poultryhelp.com)

They are the #1 plant found in florist bouquets, as these lilies smell great, are inexpensive, and have a huge, beautiful bloom (typically 4-6" wide in diameter) that lasts a long time. (litter-robot.com)
In the studies conducted to determine the influence of macroelements, carbon sources, and light on hydroxylation capacity of the cell cultures, it was found that there was no absolute correlation between the hydroxylation capacity of the plants and that of the cell cultures. (nzdl.org)

A small fleshy plant with most of the leaves at the base and shiny yellow flowers. (wildflower.org)
The plant bears grey-green, tripartite, toothed leaves, and white or pale yellow flowers appear in summer and develop into long, slender, sword-shaped seed pods with a curved, beaklike tip. (drugs.com)
While the red stalk of this tart plant is perfectly fine to ingest, it's the leaves that are the problem. (davidwolfe.com)
Plant materials of M. citrifolia such as whole leaves, roots and stem were collected, washed in running tap water and finally with distilled water. (scialert.net)
Most plant ingestions, including the plants listed in the aforementioned table, result in minimal symptoms unless the leaves and other components are concentrated into a paste or brewed into a tea. (msdmanuals.com)

Climate induced physiological changes that occur in the host and influence mycotoxins and/or Fusarium infection will be useful as markers in plant breeding programs aimed at developing climate resilient fungal resistance strategies. (usda.gov)

These are human health and plant resistance to pathogens and to biotic and abiotic stress factors. (mdpi.com)
Considering that plant resistance against pests and pathogens essentially relies on host chemistry 16 , vibrational spectroscopy-based techniques hold vast potential in distinguishing between plant chemical phenotypes (chemotypes) that are genetically and epigenetically driven, and vary in disease susceptibility. (nature.com)

Samples of commonly utilized anticancer plants obtained from the chosen areas using physical and virtual oral seminars were studied for physiochemical composition and a possible antioxidant and cytotoxic potential to validate the basis for the use of the selected anticancer plants. (who.int)

A plant genus of the family ACANTHACEAE. (bvsalud.org)

They contain oxalic acid and potentially anthraquinone glycosides, according to Medline Plus. (davidwolfe.com)

Under favorable conditions, hyphae germinate from the sclerotia and infect the roots of the host plant by penetrating the plant cell wall through mechanical pressure and/or chemical softening [ 19 ]. (biomedcentral.com)

plant is nontoxic unless contaminated with smut or fungi. (poultryhelp.com)

The objective of this work was to compare the contents of cyanidin glycosides and quercetin glycosides in the skin of apples grown with or without hail nets and using reflective foil or not. (ashs.org)
In cold areas this plant can also be grown in a container that is moved indoors for the winter or as a houseplant. (ncsu.edu)

Additive abiotic stress can alter plant health and susceptibility to mycotoxins. (usda.gov)

Anatomy7

Organisms5

Chemicals and Drugs13

Phenomena and Processes3

Steviol23

Alkaloids2

Saponins2

Flavonoids1

Cardiac glycoside toxicity3

Cyanogenic glycoside2

Stevia5

Toxic15

Toxicity4

Cyanide1

Foxglove2

Substances6

Compounds11

Seeds4

Poisoning6

Naturally5

Hydrolase4

Enzymatic2

Medicinally2

Digoxin4

Species7

Concentrations3

Bioactive7

Bradycardia1

Toxins6

Steroids1

Medicinal6

Amounts1

Lily-of-the1

Exposure1

Defense2

Leaf4

Therapeutic2

Antibacterial2

Doses1

Poisonous5

Antidotes1

Pharmacological1

Digitalis1

Mild1

Insects2

Gastrointestinal1

Cardiovascular1

Found2

Leaves5

Fungal1

Pathogens2

Antioxidant1

Genus1

Potentially1

Roots1

Fungi1

Grown2

Abiotic stress1