Plant polyploidy. Medical search. Frequent questions

The development of new species from hybridization is known from plants, through the development of polyploidy . (newworldencyclopedia.org)
Polyploidy and hybridization are important processes in plant evolution, and often are connected to reproduction via asexually formed seed (apomixis). (uni-goettingen.de)
Ludwigia brevipes may have arisen via bi3directional hybridization between L. palustris and L. arcuata followed by polyploidy. (feministlawprofessors.com)
Plants of B. gracilenta are scattered across the Colorado Plateau (northeast of the range of B. perennans ) and are apomictic triploids, apparently produced by hybridization between B. fendleri and B. pallidifolia . (swbiodiversity.org)

Polyploidy is a condition in which the cells of an organism have more than one pair of (homologous) chromosomes. (wikipedia.org)
Polyploidy may occur due to abnormal cell division, either during mitosis, or more commonly from the failure of chromosomes to separate during meiosis or from the fertilization of an egg by more than one sperm. (wikipedia.org)
Through the process of polyploidy, the total number of chromosomes can double, or a single chromosome can duplicate itself. (howstuffworks.com)
This process is fairly common in plants, and explains why some plants can have as many as 100 chromosomes. (howstuffworks.com)
THE discovery by Blakeslee 1 in 1937 that treatment with colchicine induces doubling of chromosomes in plant cells, leading to the production of polyploids, is of practical importance to the breeder who is faced with the problem of sterility in hybrids from wide crosses, arising from the different material constitution of the chromosomes of the parents. (nature.com)
The fate of plant hybrids in nature depends very much on the compatibility of the chromosomes of the parents, which parent is the seed parent, and the exact circumstances of the event. (carnivorousplants.org)
like in plants when the cells are dividing during growth the chromosomes duplicate in each cell and seperate into half. (google.com)

Whole-genome duplication (WGD) was the dominant event type in almost all Cucurbitaceae plants. (unl.edu)
This whole package of DNA (genome) and protein (epigenome) in a chromosome is what controls the development and maintenance of eukaryotic organisms (protists, fungi, animals, and plants). (carnivorousplants.org)
Taken together, our study establishes crucial roles for the AtASF1A and AtASF1B genes in chromatin replication, maintenance of genome integrity and cell proliferation during plant development. (nih.gov)
We needed to sequence the avocado genome to make the species accessible to modern genomic-assisted breeding efforts," says Luis Herrera-Estrella, President's Distinguished Professor of Plant Genomics at Texas Tech University, who conceived of the study and completed much of the work at LANGEBIO, where he is emeritus professor, prior to joining Texas Tech University. (buffalo.edu)
Identification of complete genome sequencing of alfalfa virus S diagnosed in alfalfa plants (Medicago sativa L.) from Washington State, USA. (usda.gov)
The researchers suspect that another part of the P. australis success story can be attributed to an unusual genetic superpower among plants that enables them to make an additional copy of their genome, which doubles the amount of DNA they can utilize to adapt to extreme changes in environmental conditions. (livescience.com)
METHODS: Whole-genome bisulfite sequencing was used to profile the DNA methylation patterns of a rice Hg-resistant line (RHg) selected from a heterozygous mutant of the DNA methyltransferase 1 gene (OsMET1+/-), together with its Hg-sensitive wild-type plants of cv. (bvsalud.org)

It is common among ferns and flowering plants (see Hibiscus rosa-sinensis), including both wild and cultivated species. (wikipedia.org)
Due to the rapid development of sequencing technologies, there is increased evidence to support that polyploidization plays an important role in the diversification of plant species, evolution of genes, and the domestication of crops. (org.in)
Today, there are literally thousands of different cultivated varieties (cultivars) of individual species of crop plants. (jrank.org)
Many plant species have been transformed by this procedure, which is most useful for dicotyledonous plants. (jrank.org)
Picks in the Fabric of a Polyploidy Complex: Integrative Species Delimitation in the Tetraploid Leucanthemum Mill. (uni-regensburg.de)
In the first sense of the term, a hybrid is the result of interbreeding between two animals or plants of different taxa , whether between individuals belonging to different species within the same genus (interspecific hybrids or crosses), different subspecies within the same species (intraspecific hybrids), or different genera (intergeneric hybrids). (newworldencyclopedia.org)
In the second sense of the term, often used in plant and animal breeding, a hybrid results from crosses between populations, breeds, or cultivars within a single species or subspecies. (newworldencyclopedia.org)
As a general rule, animals and plants belonging to distinct species do not produce offspring when crossed with each other, and if viable offspring are produced, they generally are infertile (although not always). (newworldencyclopedia.org)
Most often other mechanisms are used by plants and animals to keep gametic isolation and species distinction. (newworldencyclopedia.org)
Dr. Hauber studies the population genetics of native and invasive plant species in the Southeast using DNA fingerprinting (microsatellite) markers, Sanger sequencing and GBS (genotype by sequencing). (loyno.edu)
Finally he studies the nature of polyploidy in plant species and its evolutionary significance. (loyno.edu)
The avocado belongs to a relatively small group of plants called magnoliids, which diverged from other flowering plant species about 150 million years ago. (buffalo.edu)
To overcome this solely descriptive and impracticable classification of ill-founded entities, the project aiming at a classification concept based on evolutionary concepts that are better comparable to sexual plant species. (uni-goettingen.de)
Collaborations with other projects include the development of a comprehensive species concept for classification of asexual organisms and for plant polyploid complexes, and methodical aspects. (uni-goettingen.de)
Heterosis is a widespread phenomenon that has intrigued many scientists including Charles Darwin (1876) who systematically characterized growth vigor in cross-pollinated and self-pollinated plants of many species. (utexas.edu)
In a new paper in Cell , researchers at The University of Texas at Austin offer the largest survey to date of proteins in plants, examining 13 different species across 1.1 billion years of plant evolution. (utexas.edu)
These differences largely result from limited knowledge regarding the optimized sequencing depth and assembler for transcriptome assembly of structurally complex plant species genomes. (biomedcentral.com)

Loss-of-function of either AtASF1A or AtASF1B did not show obvious defects, whereas simultaneous knockdown of both genes in the double mutant Atasf1ab drastically inhibited plant growth and caused abnormal vegetative and reproductive organ development. (nih.gov)
Reproductive systems in crop plants. (edu.gh)
For example, he showed that patterns of allocation in plants that had been interpreted as "flexible reproductive strategies" could be better and more simply explained in terms of fixed allometric trajectories. (botany.org)

In addition, it can be induced in plants and cell cultures by some chemicals: the best known is colchicine, which can result in chromosome doubling, though its use may have other less obvious consequences as well. (wikipedia.org)
Soaking in 5 g L-1 Colchicine or 0.03 g L-1 Oryzalin solution for 12, 24 or 48 hr, the seeds of E. geroldii didn`t develop polyploidy plants. (ncl.edu.tw)
The shoot tips of E. geroldii dipped or pasted with 5 g L-1 Colchicine at cotyledon stage for 2 days had the highest mutation rate(28.1%) and 36 polyploidy plants were propagated in this experiment. (ncl.edu.tw)

Polyploidy and the evolutionary history of cotton. (scielo.br)
Through dense phylogenomic sampling, we show the propensity of polyploidy throughout the evolutionary history of Caryophyllales. (umn.edu)

The role of polyploidy in facilitating plant invasions. (sun.ac.za)

Further details of polyploidy - including its role in speciation - are available on a separate page. (biology-pages.info)

One understudied opportunity is using feral crops-plants that have escaped and persisted without cultivation-as a source of genetic diversity, which could build resilience in domesticated conspecifics. (weizmann.ac.il)
In some cases, however, feral plants vigorously compete with crops as weeds, challenging food security. (weizmann.ac.il)
We are testing how and why genomic mixture in hybrids and allopolyploids induces epigenetic changes in circadian clock gene expression and whether the circadian-mediated growth vigor is a general mechanism for other hybrid plants and crops such as maize and sorghum. (utexas.edu)

We mapped the phylogenetic distribution of polyploidy events by both tree-based and distance-based methods, and explicitly tested scenarios for allopolyploidy. (umn.edu)

Most recently, the potential for plant breeding has advanced significantly, with the advent of methods for the incorporation of genes from other organisms into plants via recombinant DNA-techniques. (jrank.org)

Hairy roots are induced by the incorporation of a bacterial-derived segment of DNA transferred (T-DNA) into the chromosome of the plant cell. (bioone.org)

He is associated with a specific approach to plant ecology, which is analytic, mechanistic and starts with simple models that produce testable hypotheses. (botany.org)
The allotetraploids are genetically stable and tractable, which provides an excellent model system for mechanistic studies on polyploidy and hybrid vigor. (utexas.edu)

Polyploidy can be induced by radiation and can cause epigenetic changes. (startrek.com)
In any case, epigenetic changes, whether through polyploidy or not, were induced by exposure to chemicals and radiation, and they cause Su'Kal to be physically different from other Kelpiens. (startrek.com)
Our findings indicate an epigenetic basis of Hg resistance and reveal an antagonistic relationship between Hg and Zn, providing new hints towards Hg detoxification in plants. (bvsalud.org)
BACKGROUND: Albeit a relatively stable epigenetic modification, DNA methylation in plants can be repatterned and play important roles in response to biotic and abiotic stresses. (bvsalud.org)

Asteraceae) were monitored throughout Colorado, where triploids and tetraploids of the host plant occur. (byu.edu)
Many agriculturally important plants of the genus Brassica are also tetraploids. (wikipedia.org)

2023) Plants People Planet. (weizmann.ac.il)

Although hybrid vigor has been commonly observed and widely utilized in plant and animal production, the mechanisms remain elusive. (utexas.edu)
Chen ZJ: Molecular mechanisms of polyploidy and hybrid vigor. (utexas.edu)

Agrobacterium cells with a genetically-modified plasmid, containing a gene for the desired trait and a marker gene, usually conferring antibiotic resistance, are incubated with protoplasts or small pieces of plant tissue. (jrank.org)
The gene encoding Bt, as well as genes conferring resistance to viral diseases, have been introduced into plants by this method. (jrank.org)
Two methods have been developed for direct gene transfer into plant cells-electroporation and biolistics. (jrank.org)
As a result, hairy roots are widely used as a trans-genic tool for the production of metabolites and for the study of gene function in plants. (bioone.org)
Since the flower in https://groups.google.com/forum/#!msg/indiantreepix/7-kRSVOxAMQ/sDatK69AGYAJ had not been resulted out of sacrificing stamens (as have been explained in https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Double-flowered#Genetics_of_double-flower_mutations ), i think the abnormality lies in tissue differentiation due to certain changes in gene expressions, rather than a polyploidy condition. (google.com)
The rbcL sequence data we produced was combined with rbcL sequences from many other labs, and in 1993 we published the first comprehensive paper describing the phylogeny of Flowering plants based on gene sequences. (lu.se)

is perennial herb plant that belongs to family Rosaceae and genus Fragaria . (intechopen.com)
Most of the members in genus Fragaria are characterized by polyploidy and their cultivation in temperate zones of the world. (intechopen.com)
Tea is commonly produced from the leaves of tea plants ( Camellia sinensis ), which belong to the genus Camellia of family Theaceae . (biomedcentral.com)

Micropropagation and induction of autotetraploid plants of Chrysanthemum cinerariifolium (Trev. (bioone.org)

For example, hybrid plants like maize and polyploid plants like wheat grow larger and more vigorously than their parents. (utexas.edu)

The expression of genes encoded within the T-DNA promotes the development and production of roots at the site of infection on most dicotyledonous plants. (bioone.org)

Plant breeding began when early humans saved seeds and planted them. (jrank.org)
In plant and animal breeding, hybrids commonly are produced and selected because they have desirable characteristics not found or inconsistently present in the parent individuals or populations. (newworldencyclopedia.org)
These phenomena have also been utilized in plant breeding. (bergianska.se)
Genomic resources expand the toolbox available for plant breeding and crop improvement efforts. (biomedcentral.com)
Various tools have risen in popularity for plant breeding, in some cases as short-lived bandwagons and others as paradigm shifts in crop improvement [ 1 , 2 ]. (biomedcentral.com)

I recent years, I have been one of the principal teachers of the course "Plant evolution and diversity", BIOR54 and have often taught the advanced summer course in floristics, BIOF03. (lu.se)

Although polyploidy can alter host plants in important ways (e.g., size, phenology, resource use, and ecological range), little is known about the effects of polyploidy-associated changes on plant-insect interactions. (byu.edu)
Our results suggest a role for interactions between IPTV (rather than trait means) and environmental resource availability in promoting plant invasions, providing new insights into the significance of IPTV in shaping plant geographic distributions. (osti.gov)
Climate change affects plant interactions with pollinators, pathogens and pests. (usda.gov)

Advantage has been taken of the natural ability of Agrobacterium to transfer plasmid DNA into the nuclei of susceptible plant cells. (jrank.org)

Plant cells that have been transformed by the plasmid can be selected on media containing the antibiotic, and then cultured to generate new, transgenic plants. (jrank.org)
In this review, we provide an up-to-date overview of the current knowledge of how A. rhizogenes induces root formation, on the new uses for A. rhizogenes in tissue culture and composite plant production (wild-type shoots with transgenic roots), and the recent development of a disarmed version of A. rhizogenes for stable transgenic plant production. (bioone.org)

Maybe I'm missing something, but wouldn't it make sense to plant more of the old seeds and let the resulting trees reproduce normally? (metafilter.com)
Interspecific plant hybrids sometimes can reproduce as a result of polyploidy , such as triticale, a polyploid hybrid of wheat and rye. (newworldencyclopedia.org)

Electroporation involves the use of high-voltage electric pulses to induce pore formation in the membranes of plant protoplasts. (jrank.org)
Another area of research involves polyploidy . (howstuffworks.com)

We employed different amounts of RNA-sequencing data, ranging from 4 to 84 Gb, to assemble the tea plant transcriptome using five well-known and representative transcript assemblers. (biomedcentral.com)
The present study compares the performance of five representative transcript assemblers and investigates the key factors that affect the assembly quality of the transcriptome of the tea plants. (biomedcentral.com)

A key characteristic of hairy roots is their ability to grow quickly in the absence of exogenous plant growth regulators. (bioone.org)

Polyploidy is especially common in plants. (wikipedia.org)

Fiber of cotton is an excellent model which is mainly deal with elongation of plant cell, cell wall and biosynthesis of cellulose ( Kim and Triplett, 2001 KIM, H.J. and TRIPLETT, B.A., 2001. (scielo.br)

Compendium of Plant Genomes. (usda.gov)

Polyploidy could be an important force shaping the current evolutionary trajectory of the plants and insects in this system. (byu.edu)
Cucurbitaceae is one of the most important plant families distributed worldwide. (unl.edu)
an important botanical insecticide plant with a huge international market. (bioone.org)
Professor Jacob Weiner has made important contributions in several areas of ecology, including size variation within plant populations, plant competition at the individual and population levels, plant growth and resource allocation, and the application of ecological and evolutionary knowledge to agricultural production systems. (botany.org)
Cultivation: Sufficient light (0.5 watts per liter or higher) is the most important aspect in cultivating this plant. (feministlawprofessors.com)

Cell cycle-regulated PLEIADE/AtMAP65-3 links membrane and microtubule dynamics during plant cytokinesis. (mpg.de)
The Atasf1ab mutant plants exhibit cell number reduction, S-phase delay/arrest, and reduced polyploidy levels. (nih.gov)
Models for plant cell elongation and cell wall biogenesis. (scielo.br)
Plant Cell 22: 2105-12 (2010). (utexas.edu)

In this area the different ways in which plants disperse are shown as well, such as asexual dispersal by runners, or the way seeds may be spread by wind or animal. (bergianska.se)

Polyploidy events shaped the expansion of transcription factors in Cu" by Yu Zhang, Yingchao Zhang et al. (unl.edu)
The occurrence of many independent polyploidization events in plants was found to be tightly associated with the timing of extreme climate events or natural disasters on earth, leading to mass extinction while possibly facilitating increased polyploidization. (org.in)
Studies of the macroevolutionary legacy of polyploidy are limited by an incomplete sampling of these events across the tree of life. (umn.edu)
We identified 26 ancient and more recent polyploidy events distributed throughout Caryophyllales. (umn.edu)

Several of his papers are considered "classics" and are used in plant ecology courses around the world because they are easy to read and have a clear logic. (botany.org)

Biolistics refers to the bombardment of plant tissues with microprojectiles of tungsten coated with the DNA intended for transfer. (jrank.org)

Such hybridizations are fertile and allow the development of particular plants and animals of great value for people, such as a more disease resistant crop or flowers with rare beauty. (newworldencyclopedia.org)
Overview of the concept of pests and diseases and development of pest and disease in plants. (edu.gh)
Introductory plant pathology, Development of disease in individual plants and plant population, plant disease triangle, disease cycle and relationship between disease cycle and epidermics in. (edu.gh)

In fact, stable autotriploidy in plants is often associated with apomictic mating systems. (wikipedia.org)

Additionally, polyploidy sometimes provides enhanced tolerance to stressful conditions, perhaps including radiation, thereby helping Su'Kal live in his radiation-flooded spaceship. (startrek.com)
The companion of cellulose synthase 1 confers salt tolerance through a Tau-like mechanism in plants. (mpg.de)

This study will be of significance in helping the tea research community obtain better sequencing and assembly of tea plant transcriptomes under conditions of interest and may thus help to answer major biological questions currently facing the tea industry. (biomedcentral.com)

System-wide organization of actin cytoskeleton determines organelle transport in hypocotyl plant cells. (mpg.de)

But then, in 2005, botanical researcher Elaine Solowey, director of the Arava Institute for Environmental Studies at Kibbutz Ketura in Israel, decided to plant one and see what, if anything, would sprout. (metafilter.com)

Moreover, Hg concentration was effectively decreased by exogenous application of Zn in Hg-stressed rice plants. (bvsalud.org)

I have always been interested in animals and plants and a strong reason why I entered into systematics was my desire to contribute hard data for use in conservation. (lu.se)

Replicate plant cells or protoplasts that are placed under identical conditions of tissue culture do not always grow and differentiate to produce identical progeny (clones). (jrank.org)
This bacterium induces the neoplastic growth of plant cells that differentiate to form "hairy roots. (bioone.org)
Endoreplication occurs in certain types of cells in both animals and plants. (biology-pages.info)

Plant genetic resources. (edu.gh)
Safeguarding plant genetic resources in the United States during global climate change. (usda.gov)

Population hybrids result from the crossing of plants or animals in a population with another population. (newworldencyclopedia.org)

However, the reciprocal influences of variation in environmental conditions and phenotypic trait expression in spreading plant populations are not clearly defined. (osti.gov)
A generally north to south spreading direction was found in these B. hybridum populations, towards a drier and warmer climate exhibiting higher moisture deficit for plant growth. (osti.gov)

Anatomy19

Organisms33

Diseases7

Chemicals and Drugs19

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment9

Psychiatry and Psychology1

Phenomena and Processes50

Anthropology, Education, Sociology and Social Phenomena1

Technology, Industry, Agriculture10

Information Science3

Health Care4

Hybridization4

Chromosomes7

Genome7

Species17

Reproductive3

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Evolutionary history2

Facilitating plant invasions1

Speciation1

Crops3

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Organisms1

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Epigenetic4

Tetraploids2

20231

Mechanisms2

Gene6

Genus3

Induction1

Polyploid plants1

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Breeding5

Evolution1

Interactions3

Nuclei1

Transgenic2

Reproduce2

Involves2

Transcriptome2

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Common in plants1

Cotton1

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Important5

Cell4

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Tissues1

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Apomictic1

Tolerance2

Significance1

Hypocotyl1

Botanical1

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Systematics1

Cells3

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Result1

Populations2