• Oilseed rape residues are a crucial determinant of stem canker epidemiology, as they support the sexual reproduction of the fungal pathogen Leptosphaeria maculans . (biorxiv.org)
  • The aim of this study was to characterise the impact of a resistance gene against L. maculans infection on residue microbial communities and to identify micro-organisms interacting with this pathogen during residue degradation. (biorxiv.org)
  • The role of the microbiota in the plant's response to a disease or in the pathogenicity of a fungal pathogen is currently being studied in various pathosystems, but remains poorly understood. (biorxiv.org)
  • Here the authors identify a gene cluster in a Colletotrichum tofieldiae strain that is required to allow the fungus to transition from a mutualist to a pathogen depending on the nutritional status of the host. (nature.com)
  • Fungal pathogen Botrytis cinerea can send sRNAs to plant cells to suppress plant immunity. (nature.com)
  • University of California, Riverside researchers this month reported the discovery that a fungal pathogen known to infect a wide variety of vegetable and fruit crops is capable of hijacking a plant's RNA interference pathway to suppress host immunity, thereby enhancing its virulence. (genomeweb.com)
  • Although the plants showed normal morphology and development in the absence of pathogen challenge, even though the target genes were suppressed, all three displayed "enhanced susceptibility" to infection upon introduction of B. cinerea . (genomeweb.com)
  • U. maydis is the model to study basidiomycete biotrophic plant-pathogen interactions. (trentu.ca)
  • Eduard Akhunov , associate professor of plant pathology at Kansas State University , and his colleague, Jorge Dubcovsky from the University of California-Davis , led a research project that identified a gene that gives wheat plants resistance to one of the most deadly races of the wheat stem rust pathogen - called Ug99 - that was first discovered in Uganda in 1999. (innovationtoronto.com)
  • It recognizes the invading pathogen and triggers a response in the plant to fight the disease. (innovationtoronto.com)
  • Wheat stem rust is caused by a fungal pathogen. (innovationtoronto.com)
  • First, they chemically mutagenized the resistant accession of wheat to identify plants that become susceptible to the stem rust pathogen. (innovationtoronto.com)
  • During the last decades, the development of ever more powerful genetic, molecular and omic approaches has provided plant pathologists with a wide array of experimental tools for elucidating the intricacies of plant-pathogen interactions and proposing new control strategies. (sisef.it)
  • Our first clue that oxalate was important came from an observation that hypovirulent fungal strains (those that can't attack the tree as well) produced far less oxalate than virulent (normal) strains of the pathogen (Havir & Anagnostakis 1983). (esf.edu)
  • The oxalate oxidase gene is also being tested by several other researchers to enhance pathogen tolerance in plant systems such as peanut , soybean , sunflower , and oilseed rape and also to possibly increase salt tolerance in tomato . (esf.edu)
  • The P. tecunumanii transcriptome is the first gene catalogue for the species, representing an important resource for studying resistance to the pitch canker pathogen, F. circinatum . (biomedcentral.com)
  • The majority of information related to plant-pathogen interactions originate from studies on model plant species such as Arabidopsis thaliana and Nicotiana spp. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Endosymbionts in cranberries: diversity and effect on plant growth and pathogen biocontrol. (umontreal.ca)
  • Our analysis further identified pathogen's genes with a predicted role in the decay of plant cell wall polymers, in the utilization of latex components and in interspecific interactions between the pathogen and other fungi. (escholarship.org)
  • Gene expression profiling in susceptible interaction of grapevine with its fungal pathogen Eutypa lata: Extending MapMan ontology for grapevine. (mpg.de)
  • Defining plant defense machinery against pathogens is significant in cell biology and crop yield. (nature.com)
  • Plant-associated fungi range from pathogens to mutualists. (nature.com)
  • Is the Subject Area "Plant fungal pathogens" applicable to this article? (plos.org)
  • Fungal plant pathogens can be classified as biotrophs, necrotrophs or hemibiotrophs based on their life-style and interaction with the host. (nature.com)
  • Hemibiotrophic fungi represent the most interesting group of pathogens since they use sequential biotrophic and necrotrophic infection strategies to invade and colonize host plants 1 . (nature.com)
  • Phytohormone signaling involving JA, ET or SA is an integral component of multilayered host-defense system against plethora of fungal pathogens. (nature.com)
  • Plant pathogens can profoundly affect host plant quality as perceived by their insect herbivores, with potentially far-reaching implications for the ecology and structure of insect communities. (mdpi.com)
  • Genetic and molecular analyses have led to the identification, cloning and characterization of a few genes that contribute to parasitic fitness in the pathogens. (sisef.it)
  • Professor Rob Jackson is an expert in bacteria-plant interactions, making major contributions to the understanding of how pathogens cause disease and how pathogens evolve to evade host immunity. (birmingham.ac.uk)
  • They can modulate various biochemical and physiological processes, including plant response and resistance to fungal pathogens, by regulating the expression of numerous genes. (researchsquare.com)
  • Successful pathogens can counteract the plant basal immune response by deploying the effectors into the cytoplasm of plant cells to attenuate defence. (researchsquare.com)
  • Fungal plant pathogens remain a serious threat to the sustainable agriculture and forestry, despite the extensive efforts undertaken to control their spread. (escholarship.org)
  • Relative abundance of mycorrhizal fungal taxa decreased while relative abundance of putative fungal pathogens increased with permafrost thaw. (usgs.gov)
  • Fungal community structure differed between the two lines at harvest, but not subsequently, suggesting that the presence/absence of the resistance gene influences the microbiome at the base of the stem whilst the plant is alive, but that this does not necessarily lead to differential colonisation of the residues by fungi. (biorxiv.org)
  • Genetic Nomenclature and Practice for Plant Pathogenic Fungi" (PDF). (wikipedia.org)
  • Although NATs have been identified in a wide variety of mammals, plants, and fungi, very few have been functionally characterized. (trentu.ca)
  • Certain types of fungi can be parasitic to both plants and animals. (icr.org)
  • Although numerous studies have reported the presence of plant-growth promoting bacteria and fungi in below-ground biomes, it remains a major challenge to understand how sets of microbial species positively or negatively affect plants' performance. (frontiersin.org)
  • By conducting a series of single- and dual-inoculation experiments of 13 plant-associated fungi targeting a Brassicaceae plant species ( Brassica rapa var. (frontiersin.org)
  • In contrast, pairs of fungi with small/moderate contributions to plant growth in single-inoculation contexts showed the greatest effects on plants among the 78 fungal pairs examined. (frontiersin.org)
  • Given this data, we would hypothesize that: (i) the evolution of the fungal PPIases is driven, at least in part, by the size of the proteome, (ii) evolutionary pressures differ both between the different PPIase families and the different fungi, and (iii) whilst the cyclophilins and parvulins have evolved to perform conserved functions, the FKBPs have evolved to perform more variable roles. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi, in symbiosis with plants, facilitate acquisition of nutrients from the soil to their host. (uni-koeln.de)
  • It also included biotrophic fungi and how they survive avoiding plant defence systems. (bspp.org.uk)
  • He focussed on families of genes encoding carbohydrate active enzymes (CAZys) and oxido-reductases (OR) lying in the genomes of 30 species, with emphasis on findings in white and brown rot fungi across the taxa. (bspp.org.uk)
  • These analyses have also helped identify genes that were differentially expressed in DED fungi grown under defined experimental conditions. (sisef.it)
  • Until recently, however, functional analysis of the DED fungi was hampered by the lack of protocols for efficient gene knockout and by the unavailability of a full genome sequence. (sisef.it)
  • 2014). With the help of several collaborators, we are evaluating potential impacts of transgenic chestnut on soil fungi, aquatic insects, terrestrial insects, other wildlife, persistence in the environment, tree growth rates, pollen flow, and surrounding plant communities. (esf.edu)
  • Protists are the main primary producers in arctic seas, whereas fungi are an important group of decomposers and symbiotic partners of plants in terrestrial habitats. (unis.no)
  • Secondly, the aim was to understand the role of biodiversity and functionality of plant root-associated fungi in relation to host plant performance. (unis.no)
  • Our work mapped the taxonomic distribution of protein sequences in the AA7 family and revealed a striking high proportion of sequences encoded by major plant pathogenic fungi and Oomycetes," said Maher Abou Hachem, Professor of Biotechnology and Biomedicine at the Technical University of Denmark (DTU). (lu.se)
  • Overview of Fungal Infections Fungi are neither plants nor animals. (msdmanuals.com)
  • I also want to clarify how interspecific fungal interactions under varying nutrient conditions affect the composition and function of their secreted chemical compounds, and how that, in turn, affects fungal decomposition of organic matter. (lu.se)
  • These analyses identified and characterized pathogenesis-related genes, and identified putative meiosis genes. (trentu.ca)
  • We also detected putative horizontal gene transfer events in the genome of R. microporus. (escholarship.org)
  • We explored putative effects of fungal diversity on plant morphology and the interplay between functional diversity and abiotic factors in a spatial context. (unis.no)
  • Fungal Genetics and Biology. (wikipedia.org)
  • G3, Genes/Genomes/Genetics. (usda.gov)
  • More than 950 delegates from 35 countries gathered for the 26th Fungal Genetics Conference in Asilomar, California. (bspp.org.uk)
  • In: Organelle Genetics 2012, Part 2: evolution of organelle genomes and gene expression (C. Bullerwell, ed), Springer-Verlag Heidelberg, Germany, p. 41-77. (umontreal.ca)
  • Heat-shock protein 90 (HSP90) chaperones play an essential role in plant defence by assisting the folding of client proteins needed for immunity. (nature.com)
  • However, plant viruses try to spoil this defensive mechanism by expressing one or more proteins that act as RNA silencing suppressors. (nature.com)
  • GRAS proteins are an important family of transcriptional regulators in plants, named after the first three members: GIBBERELLIC ACID-INSENSITIVE, REPRESSOR of GAI, and SCARECROW. (uni-koeln.de)
  • Hamana A, Takahashi Y, Tanioka A, Nishikawa M, Takakura Y. Safe and effective interferon-beta gene therapy for the treatment of multiple sclerosis by regulating biological activity through the design of interferon-beta-galectin-9 fusion proteins. (benthamscience.com)
  • CCMs catalyze ≈50% of global photosynthesis, yet it remains unclear which genes and proteins are necessary for a CCM to function. (edu.au)
  • proteins that break down the major structural component of fungal cell walls. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Their presence in the cytoplasm is directly or indirectly detected by receptors, so-called resistance (R) proteins, or nucleotide-binding leucine-rich repeat (NB-LRR) proteins encoded by R- genes. (researchsquare.com)
  • SLocX: predicting subcellular localization of Arabidopsis proteins leveraging gene expression data. (mpg.de)
  • Plant viruses have evolved various virulence strategies to overcome plant immunity. (nature.com)
  • tritici virulence to wheat resistance gene Pm1a. (usda.gov)
  • To see how reduced oxalate affects the fungus' ability to attack a plant, view the following time-lapse video of an "Apple test" used to measure fungal virulence (long version viewable on YouTube ). (esf.edu)
  • Genes, Genomes, and Genomics. (usda.gov)
  • In 2021, our sustainability efforts sent more than 80 percent of waste from the Genomics Platform to either a recycling facility or to an incineration plant that generates electricity. (broadinstitute.org)
  • The last session was on regulatory networks which mentioned the use of functional genomics to understand fungal processes. (bspp.org.uk)
  • The lab is structured around a transversal research theme (orphan gene dynamics) and three study domains: plant genomics, fungal genomics and marine plankton metagenomics. (cea.fr)
  • In: Comparative genomics: Empirical and analytical approaches to gene order dynamics, map alignment and the evolution of gene families (D.Sankoff and J.H. Nadeau, eds. (umontreal.ca)
  • Species concepts are also important for evaluating variability and diversity among communities, understanding biogeographical distributions, and identifying causal agents of disease across animal and plant hosts. (frontiersin.org)
  • Species concepts criteria for fungal delimitation. (frontiersin.org)
  • Irrespective of species, plant roots have remarkably similar patterning, and thus, many cell types are considered functionally homologous across species. (edu.au)
  • In the case of DED, three fungal species are known to induce the disease. (sisef.it)
  • This particular gene comes from wheat, and it is also found in many grass species. (esf.edu)
  • Generating a reference sequence for P. tecunumanii and characterizing pathogenesis related gene families in these two pine species is an important step towards unravelling the pine- F. circinatum interaction. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Predicted protein sequences encoded by the assembled transcriptomes were clustered with reference proteomes from 92 other species to identify pathogenesis related gene families in P. patula, P. tecunumanii and other pine species. (biomedcentral.com)
  • PTI comprises both physical and chemical defence responses, e.g. the deposition of lignin-like compounds in the cell wall, the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the activation of signalling cascades that modulate gene expression. (researchsquare.com)
  • In this pilot study, rRNA sequencing was utilized to examine the diversity of fungal species present in indoor and occupational environments. (cdc.gov)
  • During my PhD studies I will analyze community's composition, fungal growth, nutrient uptake and gene expression of ectomycorrhizal species under different nutrient regimes. (lu.se)
  • Direct interactions with other members of the community involved many fungal and bacterial ASVs (amplicon sequence variants). (biorxiv.org)
  • While there have been many studies that have explored the effects of infection when plants show symptoms of disease, little is understood about how unexpressed infection may affect interactions at higher trophic levels. (mdpi.com)
  • Rooker replied that the Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food is funding a £950 000 project at the Institute of Arable Crops Research, Rothamsted, to investigate the interactions between insects and plants. (newscientist.com)
  • Witches' brooms increases arthropod-plant interactions in Ouratea hexasperma (Baill. (apsnet.org)
  • Molecular characterization and gene expression of lhcb5 gene encoding CP26 in the light-harvesting complex II of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. (bio.net)
  • Fungal Biology 127, no 5 (mai 2023): 1010‑31. (univ-reims.fr)
  • A systems biology approach uncovers cell-specific gene regulatory effects of genetic associations in multiple sclerosis. (benthamscience.com)
  • Thirty UK based scientists at tended this conference, giving or orchestrating just over 10% of the presentations - a clear demonstration that fungal biology thrives on our small island. (bspp.org.uk)
  • He also has interests in applied biology questions relating to biocontrol approaches to treat plant diseases. (birmingham.ac.uk)
  • It will give me the opportunity to assemble a research team that will work together both towards the novel spectroscopy method development, but also addressing specific research questions and pushing the frontier in soil fungal biology. (lu.se)
  • This discovery changes the way we think about epigenetic inheritance across generations in plants by showing that small RNAs produced by germline nurse cells can determine the DNA methylome in the sperm. (jic.ac.uk)
  • The key role played by these small RNAs in determining the inherited DNA methylome indicates convergent functional evolution between plant and animal reproduction," says Dr Xiaoqi Feng. (jic.ac.uk)
  • Gene silencing induced by small RNAs (sRNAs) is an important mechanism responsible for many crucial physiological responses in plants, such as genome integrity, defense against virus, adaptation to biotic and abiotic stresses and regulation of development. (edu.au)
  • Micro RNAs are 21- to 24-nucleotide-long, non-coding RNA molecules that regulate gene expression at the post-transcriptional level. (researchsquare.com)
  • Further, the scientists observed a reduced disease susceptibility in Arabidopsis plants in which Ago1 was mutated following B. cinerea inoculation versus wild-type plants, while a B. cinerea mutant that cannot produce the sRNAs under investigation showed reduced pathogenicity on both Arabidopsis and tomato. (genomeweb.com)
  • The symptoms of Verticillium wilt in hops caused by V. nonalfalfae vary depending on the pathogenicity of the fungal strain and the sensitivity of the cultivar. (researchsquare.com)
  • The loss of iron led to a approximately 2.5-fold decrease in DNA-binding affinity, indicating that iron was directly involved in SRE1 regulation of iron-uptake genes. (nih.gov)
  • Research in Steve Busby's lab is concerned with understanding the molecular mechanisms that control gene expression in bacteria, with particular attention to studying the regulation of transcription initiation in Escherichia coli . (birmingham.ac.uk)
  • perviridis ), we here systematically evaluated how microbial effects on plants depend on presence/absence of co-occurring microbes. (frontiersin.org)
  • Because keeping single-microbe systems under outdoor conditions is impractical, designing sets of microbes that can maximize performance of crop plants is an important step for the use of microbial functions in sustainable agriculture. (frontiersin.org)
  • knowledge of those synergistic and offset effects in plant-associated microbiomes is crucial for optimizing microbial functions in crop production. (frontiersin.org)
  • Ultimately, I hope to offer the community of soil microbial ecologists a game-changing new tool to study chemistry and ecosystem functions of microbial metabolites (including 'fungal warfare' compounds) in more realistic settings. (lu.se)
  • A leucine rich repeat receptor-like kinase gene confers susceptibility to southern leaf blight of maize. (usda.gov)
  • Host-induced post-transcriptional hairpin RNA-mediated gene silencing of vital fungal genes confers efficient resistance against Fusarium wilt in banana. (genotypic.co.in)
  • The team's study, "Identification of Wheat Gene Sr35 that Confers Resistance to Ug99 Stem Rust Race Group," appears in the journal Science. (innovationtoronto.com)
  • Until now, however, we did not know what kind of gene confers resistance to Ug99 in this wheat accession. (innovationtoronto.com)
  • El Khetabi A, El Ghadraoui L, Ouaabou R, Ennahli S, Ait Barka E, Lahlali R. (2023) Antifungal activities of aqueous extracts of moroccan medicinal plants against Monilinia spp. (univ-reims.fr)
  • Plants 12, no 4 (février 2023): article 753. (univ-reims.fr)
  • 2023) Plants People Planet. (weizmann.ac.il)
  • Overall, there is growing recognition that a single set of criteria do not sufficiently describe the diversity seen among fungal lineages. (frontiersin.org)
  • Fungal pigments, which are classified as secondary metabolites, are polymerized products derived mostly from phenolic precursors with remarkable structural diversity. (usda.gov)
  • One understudied opportunity is using feral crops-plants that have escaped and persisted without cultivation-as a source of genetic diversity, which could build resilience in domesticated conspecifics. (weizmann.ac.il)
  • We found that the choice of marker gene template influenced diversity measures and read numbers in abundant fungal groups such as Helotiales and Agaricales. (unis.no)
  • Our results revealed the importance of fungal richness and functional diversity, but no impact of community structure on plant morphometrics. (unis.no)
  • Meanwhile, two plant defense marker genes, which do not contain target sites for the fungal sRNAs, were highly upregulated, leading the researchers to conclude that suppression of some but not all genes is a result of sequence-specific sRNA interaction and not cell death within infected lesions. (genomeweb.com)
  • Thus, the sRNAs "evidently hijacked host RNAi machinery by loading into Ago1," with the resulting complex suppressing host immunity genes, the researchers wrote. (genomeweb.com)
  • In 2006 Japanese researchers found a gene in males of P. starrii that's an orthologue to a gene for a mating type in C. reinhardtii. (wikipedia.org)
  • Beyond recent advances in genomic and phenomic methods, bioinformatics tools and modeling approaches enable researchers to test hypothesis and expand our knowledge of fungal biodiversity. (frontiersin.org)
  • Researchers have shown how fungal spores are released and dispersed, a step towards protecting cereal crops from one of their oldest enemies, stem rust. (jic.ac.uk)
  • Therefore, researchers have been working for the last four decades to discover better solutions by introducing gene therapy approaches in treating MS generally by following three strategies, i) prevention of specific symptoms, ii) halt or reverse disease progression and iii) heal CNS damage by promoting remyelination and axonal repair. (benthamscience.com)
  • Genes normally only active in the flowers of plants can be used to engineer whole corn plants that resist fungal disease, say Australian researchers. (abc.net.au)
  • Plants such as potato and tobacco have pest-killing genes that could help protect cotton, say Australian researchers. (abc.net.au)
  • The genome of the aphids is revealing secrets that may lead to the development of plants that can fight back against the troublesome pest, say researchers. (abc.net.au)
  • As a first line of defense, wheat breeders and researchers began looking for resistance genes among those that had already been discovered in the existing germplasm repositories, he said. (innovationtoronto.com)
  • Researchers spent nearly four years trying to identify the location of the Sr35 gene in the wheat genome, which contains nearly two times more genetic information than the human genome. (innovationtoronto.com)
  • Once the researchers narrowed the list of candidate genes, they used two complimentary approaches to find the Sr35 gene. (innovationtoronto.com)
  • An international collaboration of researchers explored the auxiliary activities 7 (AA7) enzyme family, characterizing four fungal enzymes and uncovering a novel class of flavo-enzymes, exemplified by oligosaccharide dehydrogenase. (lu.se)
  • The study of mychorrizal physiology and ecology is key for understanding the movement and the transfer of nutrients between soil and plants in forest and agricultural ecosystems. (lu.se)
  • In particular, I have special interest in transcriptomics, gene expression, plant physiology and mycology. (lu.se)
  • The new findings show how the bacterial protein known as SAP05 manipulates plants by taking advantage of some of the host's own molecular machinery. (jic.ac.uk)
  • In response to excess iron, H. capsulatum represses transcription of genes involved in iron uptake. (nih.gov)
  • Expression of SRE1 was reduced under iron-starving conditions, underscoring its role as a negative regulator of genes involved in iron uptake. (nih.gov)
  • His focus is on linking different photosynthetic processes with mathematical models to study the biochemical limitations of carbon fixation and to gain a quantitative understanding of how plant carbon uptake responds to changes in the environment. (birmingham.ac.uk)
  • The team of José A. Mercado of Universidad de Málaga in Spain developed transgenic strawberry plants expressing the glucanase gene bgn13.1 from T. harzianum . (isaaa.org)
  • Transgenic lines showed fewer symptoms than control plants. (isaaa.org)
  • However, some transgenic lines showed stunted growth and reduced yield due to both a reduced number of fruits per plant and smaller fruit size. (isaaa.org)
  • Next, the scientists evaluated the impact the B. cinerea sRNAs had on plant immunity, generating transgenic Arabidopsis plants that ectopically expressed the three sRNAs under investigation. (genomeweb.com)
  • I asked the agriculture minister Geoff Rooker what research his ministry is supporting on transgenic plants and their effect on insects. (newscientist.com)
  • I fail to see why MAFF is not funding any specific work on the production of nectar and pollen by transgenic plants. (newscientist.com)
  • The first gene being tested in transgenic American chestnut encodes an enzyme called oxalate oxidase . (esf.edu)
  • The first transgenic American chestnut trees were planted outside in 2006. (esf.edu)
  • The expression of antifungal genes from Trichoderma harzianum has been used to confer plant resistance to fungal diseases. (isaaa.org)
  • Results show that bgn13.1 from T. harzianum can be used to increase strawberry tolerance to crown rot diseases, but also affects plant growth and fruit yield. (isaaa.org)
  • Here, the authors reveal the common structural features of phytopathogenic fungal CDAs, and identify CDA inhibitors that are promising to control plant diseases. (nature.com)
  • A better understanding of the structure and biosynthesis of fungal piments could facilitate strategies to mitigate fungal diseases of plants, animals and humans. (usda.gov)
  • Plant diseases such as black pod, witches' broom, and frosty pod rot are major components of the decline in production. (apsnet.org)
  • Here, we show that among 45 transcription factors up-regulated in mycorrhizal roots of the legume Lotus japonicus, expression of a unique GRAS protein particularly increases in arbuscule-containing cells under low phosphate conditions and displays a phylogenetic pattern characteristic of symbiotic genes. (uni-koeln.de)
  • The ongoing annotation of these genomes should spark a new wave of interest in the DED pathosystem, as it should lead to the formal identification of genes modulating parasitic fitness. (sisef.it)
  • Gene fragmentation and RNA editing without borders: eccentric mitochondrial genomes of diplonemids. (umontreal.ca)
  • Unusual mitochondrial genomes and genes. (umontreal.ca)
  • 3 , 4 Similarly, plant cells also secrete exosome-like nanovesicles (ELNVs) that can participate in various physiological processes such as the inheritance of traits and defense response. (dovepress.com)
  • The session on genome evolution discussed the increase in available genome databases and how this information has identified genes involved in morphological and physiological processes. (bspp.org.uk)
  • Phylogenetic analyses further reveals that lignin -degrading class II peroxidises have expanded independently in many wood rot lineages, with ancient gene duplication. (bspp.org.uk)
  • The team selected three fungal sRNAs for further examination, noting that they were among the most abundant that were 21 nucleotides in length and had potential plant targets deemed likely to be involved in immunity. (genomeweb.com)
  • There was greater accumulation of secondary metabolites and upregulation of secondary metabolite-related genes after BNS. (nature.com)
  • The aflatoxins are a group of chemically similar toxic fungal metabolites (mycotoxins) produced by genus Aspergillus . (hindawi.com)
  • We report here that SRE1, a gene encoding a GATA-type protein, bound to promoter sequences of genes involved in siderophore biosynthesis. (nih.gov)
  • For molecular analyses, DNA was collected and rRNA sequences were amplified with universal fungal primers. (cdc.gov)
  • These studies strengthened U. maydis as a model organism, and began the functional investigation of NATs in U. maydis, which identified a new class of fungal pathogenesis genes. (trentu.ca)
  • In this review we discuss these major challenges and describe methodological approaches that show promise for resolving ambiguity in fungal taxonomy by improving discrimination of genetic and functional traits. (frontiersin.org)
  • Mercator: a fast and simple web server for genome scale functional annotation of plant sequence data. (mpg.de)
  • Genes Genes are segments of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) that contain the code for a specific protein that functions in one or more types of cells in the body or the code for functional ribonucleic. (msdmanuals.com)
  • However, the potential of glucanase genes from Trichoderma has been scarcely studied. (isaaa.org)
  • Looking to the future, the pairing of integrative taxonomy approaches with multi-locus genomic sequencing and phenomic techniques, such as transcriptomics and proteomics, holds great potential to resolve many unknowns in fungal taxonomic classification. (frontiersin.org)
  • In last two decades, there have been some remarkable successes of gene therapy approaches on the experimental mice model of MS - experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) which suggests that it is not far that the gene therapy approaches would start in human subjects ensuring the highest levels of safety and efficacy. (benthamscience.com)
  • In this review, we summarised the gene therapy approaches attempted in different animal models towards treating MS. (benthamscience.com)
  • A newly discovered manipulation mechanism used by parasitic bacteria to slow down plant ageing may offer new ways to protect disease-threatened food crops. (jic.ac.uk)
  • 2005. Achievements in and future prospects for molecular diagnostics for plant-parasitic nematodes . (hutton.ac.uk)
  • This week, in ABP Live's science column, we explain the impact of antimicrobial resistance on livestock and plant agriculture, how this affects humans, and what must be done to combat the threat. (innovationtoronto.com)
  • Permafrost thaw affects soil carbon turnover through changes in soil hydrology, however, the biotic mechanisms regulating plant community response remain elusive. (usgs.gov)
  • Moreover, we showed that temperature affects fungal richness, below- and aboveground parts of the plant in different ways, making it difficult to predict its impact on the biological outcomes in natural systems. (unis.no)
  • Notably, the sRNA that silenced MPK1 and MPK2 was also enriched in tomato plant leaves following B. cinerea infection, and inhibited expression of MAPKKK4, another member of the MAPK signaling cascade in the tomato plant. (genomeweb.com)
  • One important strategy for studying these dynamic but highly regulated host defenses is to observe gene expression patterns in the host 5 . (nature.com)
  • Small and Large Ribosomal Subunit Deficiencies Lead to Distinct Gene Expression Signatures that Reflect Cellular Growth Rate. (broadinstitute.org)
  • Genes whose expression levels rise and fall similarly in a large set of samples, may be considered coexpressed. (mdpi.com)
  • Quantitative PCR and high-throughput methods, such as expressed sequence tag analysis, have been used for measuring gene expression and identifying subsets of elm genes that are differentially expressed in the presence of O. novo-ulmi . (sisef.it)
  • While the selective inactivation of Ophiostoma genes by insertional mutagenesis remains a challenge, an alternative approach based on RNA interference is now available for down-regulating the expression of targeted genes. (sisef.it)
  • . 2006 ). In order to enhance blight-tolerance in the American chestnut tree, we are studying several gene products, regulatory regions of genes to control expression (promoters), and the possibility of combining two or more genes (called stacking or pyramiding) for better and more sustainable resistance. (esf.edu)
  • Nuclear genome sequence and gene expression of an intracellular fungal endophyte stimulating the growth of cranberry plants. (umontreal.ca)
  • Community-level gene expression was driven primarily by seasonal patterns of light availability. (unis.no)
  • Fungal enzymes play an important role in the breakdown of plant cell walls during plant degradation. (lu.se)
  • Sre1 had sequence similarity to the fungal negative regulators of siderophore biosynthesis. (nih.gov)
  • Amplicons were cloned, sequenced, and used in BLAST searches against the NCBI nucleotide database to determine the closest fungal relative based on sequence similarity. (cdc.gov)
  • Plant and Soil. (hutton.ac.uk)
  • Effect of permafrost thaw on plant and soil fungal community in the boreal forest: Does fungal community change mediate plant productivity response? (usgs.gov)
  • Here, we measured the response of fungal community composition and soil nutrient content in an intact permafrost plateau forest soil and an adjacent thermokarst bog using barcoded amplicon targeting ITS2 and 28S rRNA genes. (usgs.gov)
  • Next, we used the soils from the permafrost plateau and the thermokarst bog as soil inoculum in a greenhouse experiment to measure whether shifts in fungal community and soil water level regulate plant productivity. (usgs.gov)
  • Overall, we found that fungal community composition differed significantly between the thawed and intact permafrost sites, but soil nutrient content did not. (usgs.gov)
  • My main interests include the molecular and ecological study of soil communities and their relationship with plant organisms. (lu.se)
  • After penetration, intracellular hyphae form fine-branched structures in cortical cells termed arbuscules, representing the major site where bidirectional nutrient exchange takes place between the host plant and fungus. (uni-koeln.de)
  • Also, the repertoire of Cryptococcus neoformans may represent a better model fungal system within which to study the functions of the PPIases as its genome size and genetic tractability are equal to those of Saccharomyces cerevisiae , whilst its repertoires exhibits greater orthology to that of humans. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Some pigments also help the fungus with respect to its ability to invade plants and animals during the disease process. (usda.gov)
  • This gene was chosen for use in the American chestnut because the blight-causing fungus produces large amounts of oxalate at the margin of a canker. (esf.edu)
  • This is important because it removes the selective pressure on the fungus to overcome this tolerance-enhancing gene. (esf.edu)
  • Mitochondrial genome organization and evolution within the green algae and land plants. (umontreal.ca)
  • Fungal rRNA sequencing of indoor and occupational air samples. (cdc.gov)
  • A total of twenty genes functioning in different aspects of plant defense that were monitored over a time course during the changing infection phases showed a coordinated response. (nature.com)
  • On the counter side plants adopt timely activation of suitable phytohormone signaling depending on the pathogen's lifestyle so as to restrict the infection process 12 . (nature.com)
  • The hydrogen peroxide byproduct might have a second function of strengthening the lignin in the barrier produced by the chestnut in an effort to wall off the fungal infection. (esf.edu)
  • The FA2 gene of Chlamydomonas encodes a NIMA family kinase with roles in cell cycle progression and microtubule severing during deflagellation. (bio.net)
  • Meanwhile, tomato plants in which MAPKKK4 was suppressed using a virus-induced gene silencing approach showed enhanced disease susceptibility in response to B. cinerea and contained over 15 times more fungal biomass than control plants. (genomeweb.com)
  • Gene therapy-induced antigen-specific Tregs inhibit neuro-inflammation and reverse disease in a mouse model of multiple sclerosis. (benthamscience.com)
  • as a novel combined immune gene therapy for Multiple Sclerosis disease. (benthamscience.com)
  • GM technology involves the insertion of a specific single gene aimed at enabling plants to cope with problems such as aridity, salinity or fungal disease. (newscientist.com)
  • Until that point, wheat breeders had two or three genes that were so efficient against stem rust for decades that this disease wasn't the biggest concern," Akhunov said. (innovationtoronto.com)
  • It is not associated with gluten found in wheat, but it is a natural defense gene that helps protect wheat from disease. (esf.edu)
  • Plant pathologists and microbiologists must discover and devise means to reduce disease losses and to save chocolate for the enthusiastic consumers of the world. (apsnet.org)
  • Genome-Wide Association Study Reveals Novel Candidate Genes Associated with Productivity and Disease Resistance to Moniliophthora spp. (apsnet.org)
  • The results showed that the tested essential oils caused highly significant inhibition of fungal growth and aflatoxin production in A. flavus and A. parasiticus . (hindawi.com)
  • The extent of the inhibition of fungal growth and aflatoxin production was dependent on the type and concentration of essential oils applied. (hindawi.com)
  • Antisense Inhibition of the 2-Oxoglutarate Dehydrogenase Complex in Tomato Demonstrates Its Importance for Plant Respiration and during Leaf Senescence and Fruit Maturation. (mpg.de)
  • Many of these micro-organisms are considered beneficial (e.g. plant growth-promoting bacteria), whereas others are pathogenic and decrease the yield and quality of agricultural produce. (biorxiv.org)
  • To identify the resistance gene Sr35, the team turned to einkorn wheat that is known to be resistant to the Ug99 fungal strain. (innovationtoronto.com)
  • 25 000 on a review of research into the role of bees in organic farming and gene transfer from GM crops. (newscientist.com)
  • The comparison of single- and dual-inoculation experiments showed that combinations of the fungal isolates with the highest plant-growth promoting effects in single inoculations did not have highly positive impacts on plant performance traits (e.g., shoot dry weight). (frontiersin.org)
  • as well as to estimate the presence and absence of the PCR products corresponding to amplification of aflD , aflM , aflP , aflR , and aflS genes in aflatoxigenic and nonaflatoxigenic A. flavus isolates isolated from stored cashew. (hindawi.com)