• Catenin beta-1, also known as β-catenin (beta-catenin), is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CTNNB1 gene. (wikipedia.org)
  • β-Catenin is a dual function protein, involved in regulation and coordination of cell-cell adhesion and gene transcription. (wikipedia.org)
  • β-catenin is a subunit of the cadherin protein complex and acts as an intracellular signal transducer in the Wnt signaling pathway. (wikipedia.org)
  • It is a member of the catenin protein family and homologous to γ-catenin, also known as plakoglobin. (wikipedia.org)
  • β-Catenin is regulated and destroyed by the beta-catenin destruction complex, and in particular by the adenomatous polyposis coli (APC) protein, encoded by the tumour-suppressing APC gene. (wikipedia.org)
  • β-Catenin was initially discovered in the early 1990s as a component of a mammalian cell adhesion complex: a protein responsible for cytoplasmatic anchoring of cadherins. (wikipedia.org)
  • But very soon, it was realized that the Drosophila protein armadillo - implicated in mediating the morphogenic effects of Wingless/Wnt - is homologous to the mammalian β-catenin, not just in structure but also in function. (wikipedia.org)
  • Thus, β-catenin became one of the first examples of moonlighting: a protein performing more than one radically different cellular function. (wikipedia.org)
  • The adenomatous polyposis coli tumor suppressor protein is also implicated in beta-catenin signaling. (embl.de)
  • Mutagenesis experiments demonstrate that substitution of the serine residues in the glycogen synthase kinase 3beta (GSK3beta) phosphorylation consensus motif of beta-catenin inhibits ubiquitination and results in stabilization of the protein. (bioseek.eu)
  • The new term corneous beta protein (CBP) has been proposed to avoid confusion with α-keratins. (wikipedia.org)
  • How plakoglobin acts as a growth/metastasis inhibitory protein has remained, until recently, unclear. (oncotarget.com)
  • At the adherens junction in epithelia, the C-terminal domain of E-cadherin interacts, in a mutually exclusive manner, with β-catenin or γ-catenin (plakoglobin), which then interacts with α-catenin, an actin-binding protein. (oncotarget.com)
  • The LAP [leucine-rich and postsynaptic density-95/Discs large/zona occludens-1 (PDZ)] protein erbin and δ-catenin, a component of the cadherin-catenin cell adhesion complex, are highly expressed in neurons and associate through PDZ-mediated interaction, but have incompletely characterized neuronal functions. (jneurosci.org)
  • Furthermore, the RIP, RNA stability assay, western blotting, and cytoimmunofluorescence staining showed that METTL16 hindered the growth of EOC cells through promoting the degradation of MALAT1 by binding that, in turn, upregulates ß-catenin protein and promotes nuclear transport of ß-catenin protein in EOC cells. (bvsalud.org)
  • Results: ESAT6 could significantly induce mRNA and protein expression levels of a group of epithelioid mac- rophages marker molecules (EMMMs), including E-cadherin, junction plakoglobin, ZO1, desmoplakin, desmo- glein3 and catenin porteins, in BMDMs. (azd8931inhibitor.com)
  • δ-Catenin belongs to the p120 catenin (p120ctn) family of catenins and binds to the cytoplasmic domains of type 1 and 2 cadherins at a membrane proximal region that is not involved in binding of either β-catenin or plakoglobin. (jneurosci.org)
  • Three-dimensional structure of the armadillo repeat region of beta-catenin. (embl.de)
  • A core region of beta-catenin, composed of 12 copies of a 42 amino acid sequence motif known as an armadillo repeat, mediates these interactions. (embl.de)
  • The three-dimensional structure of a protease-resistant fragment of beta-catenin containing the armadillo repeat region has been determined. (embl.de)
  • Patients defined by high Junction Plakoglobin (JUP), Plakophilin 1 (PKP1), Plakophilin 3 (PKP3) levels (C2) had shorter survival time than other patients (C1). (bvsalud.org)
  • Mutations and overexpression of β-catenin are associated with many cancers, including hepatocellular carcinoma, colorectal carcinoma, lung cancer, malignant breast tumors, ovarian and endometrial cancer. (wikipedia.org)
  • Both in vitro and in vivo data showed overexpression of plakoglobin in both the cell membrane and the cytoplasm of IMPC clusters. (jcancer.org)
  • The dendritic phenotype observed after erbin depletion is rescued by overexpression of δ-catenin and requires a domain in δ-catenin that has been shown to regulate dendritic branching. (jneurosci.org)
  • Knockdown of δ-catenin cannot be rescued by overexpression of erbin, indicating that erbin is upstream of δ-catenin. (jneurosci.org)
  • When plakoglobin was knocked down in IMPC cell models, the tumor cell clusters were depolymerized. (jcancer.org)
  • Our data indicate that plakoglobin promotes tumor cluster formation in IMPC and downregulates apoptosis in the cell clusters through activation of PI3K/Akt/Bcl-2 signaling. (jcancer.org)
  • In contrast, while some studies have suggested a tumor promoting activity of plakoglobin in a cell/malignancy specific context, it generally acts as a tumor/metastasis suppressor. (oncotarget.com)
  • This study suggests that METTL16 acts as a tumor suppressor gene of EOC by achieving its inhibitory function on the malignant progression of EOC through the METTL16/MALAT1/ß-catenin axis that are new targets for EOC diagnosis and therapy. (bvsalud.org)
  • Dysregulation of catenin expression correlates with the malignant characteristics of the tumor. (bvsalud.org)
  • We aimed to investigate the regulatory mechanisms of catenins in melanoma and to further define the function of catenin-related molecular signaling in the tumor microenvironment. (bvsalud.org)
  • METHODS: In this study, a bioinformatics approach combined with experimental validation was used to explore the potential tumor biology mechanisms of catenin-related signaling. (bvsalud.org)
  • Classical cadherins consist of a large extracellular domain which contains DXD and DXNDN repeats responsible for mediating calcium-dependent adhesion, a single-pass transmembrane domain, and a short carboxy-terminal cytoplasmic domain responsible for interacting with the catenins. (rndsystems.com)
  • The standard model of Wnt signaling specifies that after receipt of a Wnt ligand at the membranous receptor complex, downstream mediators inhibit a cytoplasmic destruction complex, allowing β-catenin to accumulate in the cytosol and nucleus and co-activate Wnt target genes. (silverchair.com)
  • Without association with the catenins, the cadherins are non-adhesive. (rndsystems.com)
  • Although unrelated in sequence, the beta-catenin binding regions of cadherins, Tcfs, and APC are acidic and are proposed to interact with this groove. (embl.de)
  • Cadherins are single-pass transmembrane glycoproteins that form homotypic interactions with cadherin proteins on neighboring cells and interact intracellularly with proteins of the catenin family [ 4 , 5 ]. (oncotarget.com)
  • Notably, the C-terminal segment of β-catenin can mimic the effects of the entire Wnt pathway if artificially fused to the DNA binding domain of LEF1 transcription factor. (wikipedia.org)
  • However, plakoglobin is a very weak transactivator when bound to DNA - this is probably caused by the divergence of their C-terminal sequences (plakoglobin appears to lack the transactivator motifs, and thus inhibits the Wnt pathway target genes instead of activating them). (wikipedia.org)
  • Further analysis showed that higher expression of plakoglobin was able to promote activation of the PI3K/Akt/Bcl-2 pathway, which might protect the clusters from anoikis. (jcancer.org)
  • Beta-catenin participates in signal transduction and developmental patterning in Xenopus and Drosophila embryos as a component of the Wnt signaling pathway. (embl.de)
  • beta-catenin is a target for the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway. (bioseek.eu)
  • beta-catenin is a central component of the cadherin cell adhesion complex and plays an essential role in the Wingless/Wnt signaling pathway. (bioseek.eu)
  • In the current model of this pathway, the amount of beta-catenin (or its invertebrate homolog Armadillo) is tightly regulated and its steady-state level outside the cadherin-catenin complex is low in the absence of Wingless/Wnt signal. (bioseek.eu)
  • This motif in beta-catenin resembles a motif in IkappaB (inhibitor of NFkappaB) which is required for the phosphorylation-dependent degradation of IkappaB via the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway. (bioseek.eu)
  • We show that ubiquitination of beta-catenin is greatly reduced in Wnt-expressing cells, providing the first evidence that the ubiquitin-proteasome degradation pathway may act downstream of GSK3beta in the regulation of beta-catenin. (bioseek.eu)
  • In this context, β-catenin has a well-documented oncogenic potential as a component of the Wnt signaling pathway. (oncotarget.com)
  • In cardiac muscle, β-catenin localizes to adherens junctions in intercalated disc structures, which are critical for electrical and mechanical coupling between adjacent cardiomyocytes. (wikipedia.org)
  • Plakoglobin is a component of both the adherens junctions and desmosomes, and therefore plays a vital role in the regulation of cell-cell adhesion. (oncotarget.com)
  • Not only their ARM domains resemble each other in both architecture and ligand binding capacity, but the N-terminal β-TrCP-binding motif is also conserved in plakoglobin, implying common ancestry and shared regulation with β-catenin. (wikipedia.org)
  • Here we show that the ubiquitin-dependent proteolysis system is involved in the regulation of beta-catenin turnover. (bioseek.eu)
  • Recent evidence suggests that plakoglobin may suppress tumorigenesis and metastasis by multiple mechanisms, including the suppression of oncogenic signaling, interactions with various proteins involved in tumorigenesis and metastasis, and the regulation of the expression of genes involved in these processes. (oncotarget.com)
  • We reported here that plakoglobin, as a key component in cell adhesion, can promote collective metastasis through facilitating IMPC clusters formation. (jcancer.org)
  • This review is primarily focused on various mechanisms by which plakoglobin may inhibit tumorigenesis and metastasis. (oncotarget.com)
  • In addition, δ-catenin, ARVCF, and p0071 also contain a PDZ binding motif at the C terminus. (jneurosci.org)
  • It is now clear that Armadillo and beta-catenin bind directly to members of the T-cell factor/lymphoid enhancer factor subfamily of HMG box DNA-binding proteins, forming bipartite transcription factors that regulate Wingless/Wnt responsive genes in both Drosophila and vertebrates. (embl.de)
  • Plakoglobin (also known as γ-catenin) is a member of the Armadillo family of proteins and a paralog of β-catenin. (oncotarget.com)
  • Alterations in the localization and expression levels of β-catenin have been associated with various forms of heart disease, including dilated cardiomyopathy. (wikipedia.org)
  • Knockdown of erbin results in alterations in localization of δ-catenin. (jneurosci.org)
  • These results suggest a critical role for erbin in regulating dendritic morphogenesis by maintaining appropriate localization of δ-catenin. (jneurosci.org)
  • RESULTS: Melanoma patients can be divided into two catenin clusters. (bvsalud.org)
  • The core of β-catenin consists of several very characteristic repeats, each approximately 40 amino acids long. (wikipedia.org)
  • Tandem repeats form superhelix of helices that is proposed to mediate interaction of beta-catenin with its ligands. (embl.de)
  • In plakoglobin arm repeats bind alpha-catenin and N-cadherin. (embl.de)
  • beta-catenin, but not E-cadherin, p120(cas) or alpha-catenin, becomes stabilized when proteasome-mediated proteolysis is inhibited and this leads to the accumulation of multi-ubiquitinated forms of beta-catenin. (bioseek.eu)
  • We show that short hairpin RNA-mediated knockdown of erbin and knockdown or genetic ablation of δ-catenin severely impaired dendritic morphogenesis in hippocampal neurons. (jneurosci.org)
  • Degradation of β-catenin is thus mediated by this N-terminal segment. (wikipedia.org)
  • δ-Catenin-null neurons have no alterations in global levels of active Rac1/RhoA. (jneurosci.org)
  • Immunohistochemical analyses for vimentin and nuclear ß-catenin were performed to highlight the occurrence of the EMT phenomenon in association to Al bioaccumulation. (bvsalud.org)
  • Al-positive samples showed a significant increase in both the number of vimentin-positive and nuclear ß-catenin-positive cancer cells compared to Al-negative samples. (bvsalud.org)
  • HelixC is not necessary for β-catenin to function in cell-cell adhesion. (wikipedia.org)
  • Beta-catenin is essential for cadherin-based cell adhesion and Wnt/Wingless growth factor signaling. (embl.de)
  • Similar to β-catenin, plakoglobin is capable of participating in cell signaling in addition to its role in cell-cell adhesion. (oncotarget.com)
  • We have used conditional gene deletion of mouse β-catenin in Sox17-positive embryonic and extra-embryonic endoderm as well as vascular endothelial progenitors to address the function of canonical Wnt signalling in cell lineage formation and patterning. (biologists.com)
  • Sox17 lineage tracing in the definitive endoderm (DE) shows a cell-autonomous requirement for β-catenin in midgut and hindgut formation. (biologists.com)
  • Tetraploid rescue experiments reveal that lack of β-catenin in the anterior visceral endoderm results in defects in head organizer formation. (biologists.com)
  • As sketched above, the ARM domain of β-catenin acts as a platform to which specific linear motifs may bind. (wikipedia.org)
  • Unexpectedly, shortly after Wnt treatment, we detected the dephosphorylated form of β-catenin at the plasma membrane, where it displayed a discontinuous punctate labeling. (silverchair.com)
  • Yet these intrinsically disordered regions play a crucial role in β-catenin function. (wikipedia.org)
  • Within the past year, Armadillo and beta-catenin's role in transducing the Wingless/Wnt signal has been substantially clarified. (embl.de)
  • The first repeat of β-catenin (near the N-terminus) is slightly different from the others - as it has an elongated helix with a kink, formed by the fusion of helices 1 and 2. (wikipedia.org)
  • Plakoglobin (also called γ-catenin) has a strikingly similar architecture to that of β-catenin. (wikipedia.org)