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ZooplanktonRatiosStable carbon isotope signatureInorganicDioxide2021SeawaterPhotosyntheticCompositionsOxygenConcentrationsAlgaeGeochemistryPhotosynthesisCompositionParticulate organic carbonFractionation duePigmentsRadioactiveDynamicsNitrogen stableOrganismsDatasetClimateTrophic levelsOrganic matterEnrichmentAnalysesUptake ratesSpeciesEarth'sOceanicMeasurementsAbundantGlacial periodsSedimentsProcessesRelative abundanceBiogeochemicalAtmosphericPatternsMarine food websIntercomparisonMesozooplanktonFluxMethaneIsotopic fractionationCoresFluxesOcean CarbonEstuariesFoodVariationsCoastal
Zooplankton7
Ratios8
  • Oxygenic photosynthesis takes place in plants and microorganisms through different chemical pathways, so various forms of organic material reflect different ratios of 13C isotopes. (wikipedia.org)
  • Stable carbon and nitrogen isotope ratios (δ 13 C/δ 15 N) in the bone collagen and other hard tissues of marine species serve as proxies for primary productivity and food web interactions. (frontiersin.org)
  • In recent decades, the natural abundances of stable carbon and nitrogen isotopes (represented as 13 C/ 12 C and 15 N/ 14 N ratios, respectively) have been widely used to probe biogeochemical and ecological processes. (springeropen.com)
  • Historically, this field started as early as the 1930s, when a custom-made mass spectrometer was constructed to measure subtle differences in the isotopic ratios of natural carbon (Nier and Gulbransen 1939 ). (springeropen.com)
  • Stable hydrogen and carbon isotope ratios of wood lignin methoxy groups (δ13CLM and δ2HLM values) have been shown to be reliable proxies of past temperature variations. (uni-heidelberg.de)
  • This data set contains data on particulate organic nitrogen concentration and particulate organic carbon concentration as well as stable isotope ratios for carbon and nitrogen. (ucar.edu)
  • In contrast, carbon isotopes did not reflect land use patterns, and a post-1950s decline in carbon isotope ratios found in all cores may indicate a lake-wide decrease in productivity. (arizona.edu)
  • My research also encompasses model evaluation against sediment core records, such as carbon isotopic ratios. (mpg.de)
Stable carbon isotope signature1
Inorganic9
  • This pathway converts inorganic carbon dioxide from the atmosphere or aquatic environment into carbohydrates, using water and energy from light, then releases molecular oxygen as a product. (wikipedia.org)
  • Organic carbon contains less of the stable isotope Carbon-13, or 13C, relative to the initial inorganic carbon from the atmosphere or water because photosynthetic carbon fixation involves several fractionating reactions with kinetic isotope effects. (wikipedia.org)
  • Recent culturing studies have demonstrated that Cd is a biologically important trace metal that plays a role in the sequestration of inorganic carbon. (usgs.gov)
  • Left: Dissolved Inorganic Carbon (DIC) in the ocean interior arises from transport of preformed DIC from the surface plus regenerated biological carbon. (github.io)
  • A newly developed method will be applied that provides a precise and complete decomposition of dissolved inorganic carbon storage into preformed and biologically-regenerated components. (github.io)
  • We found that in the smallest lakes (area = ca. 10^2-10^3 m 2 ), 13 C contents of dissolved organic and inorganic carbon showed isotopic signatures close to terrestrial plants, implying that organic matter present in lake waters is predominantly of terrestrial origin and dissolved inorganic carbon (such as dissolved CO 2 ) is derived mainly from the decomposition of terrestrial organic matter. (mountainresearchinitiative.org)
  • Partial pressure of carbon dioxide (pCO 2 ), percent dissolved oxygen (DO), particulate organic carbon (POC), total dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC), total alkalinity (TA), and carbon isotopes of organic and inorganic carbon-amongst additional data-were collected from numerous study locations in the Cape Lookout region of North Carolina in April 2017, October 2017, April 2018, June 2018, and October 2018. (union.edu)
  • Plotting DIC against TA indicates that inorganic carbon likely originates from a combination of sulfate reduction, denitrification, CO 2 invasion, and aerobic respiration. (union.edu)
  • An international intercomparison of stable carbon isotope composition measurements of dissolved inorganic carbon in seawater. (dal.ca)
Dioxide13
  • Photosynthesis converts carbon dioxide to carbohydrates via several metabolic pathways that provide energy to an organism and preferentially react with certain stable isotopes of carbon. (wikipedia.org)
  • The overall equation for the light-dependent reactions is generally: 2 H2O + 2 NADP+ + 3 ADP + 3 Pi + light → 2 NADPH + 2 H+ + 3 ATP + O2 The light-independent reactions undergo the Calvin-Benson cycle, in which the energy from NADPH and ATP is used to convert carbon dioxide and water into organic compounds via the enzyme RuBisCO. (wikipedia.org)
  • Increasing carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) emissions drive ongoing ocean acidification (OA) and place marine ecosystems in a vulnerable state 1 . (nature.com)
  • Just a small change in the amount of iron that finds its way there can have a dramatic impact on the growth of photosynthetic organisms and their concomitant uptake of carbon dioxide. (sc.edu)
  • When algae and other phytoplankton grow, they take carbon dioxide out of the atmosphere , converting it into proteins and other carbon-based molecules that constitute living cells. (sc.edu)
  • A little iron goes a long way in allowing phytoplankton to grow and pull carbon dioxide out of the air. (sc.edu)
  • The ocean's carbon cycle is an important part of Earth's climate system because it impacts the concentration of atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO 2 ), which is a greenhouse gas. (github.io)
  • The current study follows up on research Stubbins did in 2012 , which revealed that if black carbon in the ocean is exposed to sunlight, it can turn quickly into carbon dioxide, which plays an important role in controlling Earth's climate by trapping heat. (northeastern.edu)
  • We want to understand how it cycles to understand if it will ever end up in the atmosphere as carbon dioxide. (northeastern.edu)
  • When carbon dioxide is absorbed from the air and enters terrestrial plants, they integrate carbon-12, the most abundant carbon on Earth, more efficiently than carbon-13. (northeastern.edu)
  • We finally have ice algae, which is later exposed to Carbon-14, a radioactive isotope, and resubmerged in special vials under the ice for 24 hours to track the energetics of carbon dioxide uptake and oxygen output. (randallhyman.com)
  • Such ecosystem functioning of headwater stream communities influences the regional carbon cycling through the decomposition of terrestrial organic matter and resulting release of carbon dioxide. (mountainresearchinitiative.org)
  • Detailed knowledge about how climate and human activities influence the sources and sinks of greenhouse gases like carbon dioxide and methane is needed in order to make the informed and effective decisions needed for combating climate change. (lu.se)
20211
  • Papadomanolaki, N.M. (2021), Deoxygenation and organic carbon burial in past oceans . (nessc.nl)
Seawater9
  • This conclusion is supported by recent isotope data for Cd dissolved in seawater and incorporated in cultured phytoplankton. (usgs.gov)
  • Seawater samples from below 900 m depth display a uniform and intermediate isotope composition of ε 114/110 Cd = +3.3 ± 0.5. (usgs.gov)
  • This indicates that Fe-Mn crusts record seawater Cd isotope compositions without significant isotope fractionation. (usgs.gov)
  • The origin of this signature is unclear, but it may reflect variations in deep water Cd isotope compositions related to differences in surface water Cd utilization or long-term changes in seawater ε 114/110 Cd. (usgs.gov)
  • Iron is an essential element in all living creatures, and its availability in seawater can have a profound effect on phytoplankton growth and, consequently, the Earth's carbon cycle. (sc.edu)
  • They've been collecting ocean samples and developing their analytical techniques for quantifying different natural isotopes of iron in seawater, which is one means of tracking the origins of the dissolved metal. (sc.edu)
  • It is a challenge to evaluate the ability of marine phytoplankton to obtain Fe from seawater since it is bound by a variety of poorly defined organic complexes. (us-ocb.org)
  • A recent study in The ISME Journal proposes a new approach for evaluating seawater dissolved Fe (dFe) bioavailability based on its uptake rate constant by Fe-limited cultured phytoplankton. (us-ocb.org)
  • This confirms that multiple Fe-limited phytoplankton species can be used to probe dFe bioavailability in seawater. (us-ocb.org)
Photosynthetic1
  • Different organisms fix carbon through different mechanisms, which are reflected in the varying isotope compositions across photosynthetic pathways (see table below, and explanation of notation in "Carbon Isotope Measurement" section). (wikipedia.org)
Compositions7
  • These results show that plankton features isotopically light Cd while Cd-depleted surface waters typically exhibit complimentary heavy Cd isotope compositions. (usgs.gov)
  • This study investigates whether ferromanganese (Fe-Mn) crusts are robust archives of deep water Cd isotope compositions. (usgs.gov)
  • We review the biochemical and physiological bases of the use of carbon and nitrogen isotopic compositions as an approach for environmental and ecological studies. (springeropen.com)
  • Although the carbon and nitrogen isotopic compositions of diverse types of organic matter were measured and discussed by the pioneers of isotope geochemistry (e.g. (springeropen.com)
  • An important application of the analysis of carbon and nitrogen isotopic compositions is in ecological studies. (springeropen.com)
  • The purpose of this paper is to investigate dietary changes of A. viridis using isotopic compositions, particularly carbon source shifts in the anemone metabolism, in response to high p CO 2 /low pH conditions in situ . (nature.com)
  • Carbon isotope compositions have been an essential tool in evaluating the balance of C stored in atmosphere/ocean and sequestered in sediments. (ugent.be)
Oxygen3
  • Stable isotopes of carbon (δ13C), sulfur (δ34S), oxygen (δ18O), hydrogen (δ2H), nitrogen (δ15N), and radioactive isotope of hydrogen (tritium) have been applied in combination with conventional techniques (chemical) to investigate Karachi coastal water pollution due to Layari and Malir rivers, which mainly carry the domestic and industrial wastewater of Karachi Metropolitan. (intechopen.com)
  • The decomposition will be extended to dissolved oxygen and carbon isotopes (δ 13 C). Hypotheses regarding modern and glacial ocean carbon storage will be tested. (github.io)
  • The first significant buildup in atmospheric oxygen, the Great Oxidation Event (GOE), began in the early Paleoproterozoic in association with global glaciations and continued until the end of the Lomagundi carbon isotope excursion ca. 2,060 Ma. (berger-odenthal.de)
Concentrations7
  • This new approach provides a novel way to determine Fe bioavailability in samples from across the oceans and enables modeling of in situ Fe uptake rates by phytoplankton based simply on measured Fe concentrations. (us-ocb.org)
  • Microcystin concentrations in water were determined in addition to chlorophyll and nutrient concentrations, phytoplankton community composition, mixing dynamics and light conditions. (uwaterloo.ca)
  • Particulate Organic Carbon and Nitrogen Concentrations and Stable Isotopes in. (ucar.edu)
  • Previous studies have suggested several explanations for the lower atmospheric CO 2 concentrations during the LGM including, increased sea ice cover, more sluggish deep ocean circulation, cooler temperatures and increased dust-borne iron fluxes that fertilized phytoplankton growth. (github.io)
  • But an analysis of the nitrogen budget of the Strait of Georgia - based on a variety of monitoring data on sea water and river water nutrient concentrations, suspended particles, sinking particles, sediment traps, atmospheric deposition, and various municipal inputs - yielded exactly the same estimate for primary productivity as had been found based on water sampling in 1983: 280 ± 20 grams carbon per square meter per year. (eopugetsound.org)
  • 10 µm) samples and CO2aq concentrations revealed that the carbon isotope fractionation increased moving towards the easternmost and most productive stations. (openaire.eu)
  • The data set includes, sulfide and sulfur concentrations, SUP05 cell densities, as well as denitrification and carbon fixation rates (based on 15N- and 13C-labelled in situ incubation experiments). (openaire.eu)
Algae6
  • In the Arctic, the base of the food web is sourced from two categories: sea ice-associated algae and open-water phytoplankton, which are distinguishable through their carbon isotopes. (yahoo.com)
  • In our study area - centred on Lancaster Sound in the Canadian Arctic Archipelago - the food web is fed by a combination of both sea ice algae and phytoplankton. (yahoo.com)
  • Throughout the four millennia encapsulated by the ancient time bins, we saw stability in the mixture of sea ice algae and open water phytoplankton. (yahoo.com)
  • The modern samples, however, showed a significant difference in the source of carbon, resulting from a greater proportion of open water phytoplankton and less reliance on sea ice algae. (yahoo.com)
  • The key reason that everybody cares about iron is because it limits the growth of phytoplankton, such as algae, in maybe a fifth of the ocean," says John, a researcher in the School of Earth, Ocean and Environment in South Carolina's College of Arts and Sciences. (sc.edu)
  • That means it's important to understand the dynamics of primary productivity - the rate at which those microscopic algae, known as phytoplankton, produce organic matter through photosynthesis and in this way provide the base of the food web. (eopugetsound.org)
Geochemistry1
  • Understanding these variations in carbon fractionation across species is applied in isotope geochemistry and ecological isotope studies to understand biochemical processes, establish food chains, or model the carbon cycle through geological time. (wikipedia.org)
Photosynthesis2
Composition4
  • A single sample from the Southern Ocean exhibits a light Cd isotope composition of ε 114/110 Cd = 0.2 ± 1.1. (usgs.gov)
  • The carbon isotopic composition of an organism mainly reflects its dietary signature (DeNiro and Epstein 1978 ), and coordinated isotopic measurements of organisms provide a unique approach to describing the dietary habits of animals, a macroscale ecological phenomenon. (springeropen.com)
  • Hydrogen isotope composition of algal chemical fossils: a tool for reconstructing paleo sea surface salinity. (nessc.nl)
  • Changes in sea surface temperature, pH, and stratification have been reported to alter nutrient availability and resulted in a shift in phytoplankton community composition and size structure as well as ocean biogeochemistry over time. (tdl.org)
Particulate organic carbon1
  • This dataset contains data on vertical flux of algal pigments and particulate organic carbon and nitrogen determined by deploying sediment traps under sea ice in the Bering Sea. (ucar.edu)
Fractionation due1
  • Isotope fractionation due to Rubisco (form I) carboxylation alone is predicted to be a 28‰ depletion, on average. (wikipedia.org)
Pigments2
  • Samples were collected for RF1 objectives (includes sediment grain size, porosity, trace elements) and RF3 objectives (pigments, stable isotopes, total organic carbon, meiofauna/foraminifera communities, juvenile epifauna communities, microbial communities and biomass production, phytoplankton spores). (sios-svalbard.org)
  • Ecosystem history of Mississippi River-influenced continental shelf revealed through preserved phytoplankton pigments. (dal.ca)
Radioactive2
  • The authors collected samples from distinct regions across the global ocean, measured the properties of organic complexation, loaded these complexes with a radioactive Fe isotope, and then tracked the internalization rates from these forms to a diverse set of Fe-limited phytoplankton species. (us-ocb.org)
  • Spotting those differences was possible with analysis of stable carbon isotopes , non-radioactive forms of the same atom that have different numbers of neutrons but the same chemical properties. (northeastern.edu)
Dynamics4
  • Huib E. de Swart, thesis: Modelling phytoplankton dynamics in estuaries. (mpg.de)
  • Phytoplankton bloom dynamics in turbid, well-mixed estuaries: a model study. (mpg.de)
  • Impact of river discharge on phytoplankton bloom dynamics in eutrophic estuaries: A model study. (mpg.de)
  • Recent Arctic studies suggest that sea ice decline and permafrost thawing will affect phytoplankton dynamics and stimulate heterotrophic communities. (openaire.eu)
Nitrogen stable2
  • A global meta-analysis of marine predator nitrogen stable isotopes: Relationships between trophic structure and environmental conditions. (iattc.org)
  • Reconstruction of carbon and nitrogen stable isotope in baleen whale earplugs. (tdl.org)
Organisms3
  • The ratio between these isotopes varies in biological organisms due to metabolic processes that selectively use one carbon isotope over the other, or "fractionate" carbon through kinetic or thermodynamic effects. (wikipedia.org)
  • Carbon and nitrogen are essential elemental constituents of organisms and form various chemical species on Earth. (springeropen.com)
  • Carbon (C) in these tiny organisms serves as the base of the food chain. (ugent.be)
Dataset2
  • This dataset contains data for stable carbon and nitrogen isotope values of benthic invertebrates from van Veen grab collections made during HLY0802. (ucar.edu)
  • This dataset contains data for stable carbon and nitrogen isotope values of particulate organic matter (POM) collected from the Conductivity Temperature Depth (CTD) rosette. (ucar.edu)
Climate7
  • Using a biogeochemical model, we estimated potential effects on the coastal carbon storage under possible anthropogenic and climate changes. (copernicus.org)
  • This will be achieved by working with teachers to develop and implement a carbon cycle and climate science curriculum into their programs as part of OSU's Science and Math Investigative Lerning Experiences (SMILE) program. (github.io)
  • These paleo simulations and model-data comparisons help us to constrain model uncertainties better and improve projections of the future carbon cycle and climate. (mpg.de)
  • Researchers are investigating different types of phytoplankton and rates of primary productivity throughout the Salish Sea, and seeking to understand how primary productivity is likely to change as climate change alters patterns of coastal upwelling and freshwater flow into the Sound. (eopugetsound.org)
  • LUCCI was a research centre at Lund University devoted to studies of the carbon cycle and how it interacts with the climate system. (lu.se)
  • Working together in a creative cross-disciplinary environment, our goals are to increase the understanding of how the carbon cycle and climate system function and interact, and to disseminate our findings to society. (lu.se)
  • Although progress has been made in our understanding of the carbon cycle and climate there are several fundamental science questions that remain unanswered and that are pivotal for an increased understanding of the Earth System as well as for our ability to predict future changes through modeling. (lu.se)
Trophic levels2
  • The acquisition of Fe by phytoplankton is an important process that mediates the movement of carbon to the deep ocean and across trophic levels. (us-ocb.org)
  • However, even adult sardines must be mainly zoophagous to achieve the observed isotopic abundance values, taking into account current assumptions on stable isotope enrichment through trophic levels. (csic.es)
Organic matter1
  • As our knowledge of the distributions of carbon and nitrogen isotopes in organic matter and the factors controlling them has accumulated, the scope of isotopic measurements has greatly expanded. (springeropen.com)
Enrichment1
  • The selective enrichment of one stable isotope over another creates distinct isotopic fractionations that can be measured and correlated among oxygenic phototrophs. (wikipedia.org)
Analyses2
Uptake rates1
Species4
  • Understanding these variations in carbon fractionation across species is useful for biogeochemical studies, including the reconstruction of paleoecology, plant evolution, and the characterization of food chains. (wikipedia.org)
  • Our results show that stable isotope values of methane by fungi are dependent on the fungal species and the. (uni-heidelberg.de)
  • Yet, the inability to measure C isotopes of individual species of the tiny, marine, organic-walled plankton has obscured a full understanding of this complex cycle. (ugent.be)
  • Patterns of nitrogen and silica content in the water suggest that primary productivity may have changed from a system dominated by diatoms to one dominated by small phytoplankton species. (eopugetsound.org)
Earth's2
  • The ratio of the stable natural isotopes iron-56 and iron-54 from these sources can differ from the ratio in the Earth's crust because a number of chemical processes change the ratio by favoring the release of one of the two isotopes. (sc.edu)
  • The soot that's left over-black carbon-makes up about 10% of all the carbon in Earth's soil, and until recently, scientists thought that rivers were washing it into the ocean. (northeastern.edu)
Oceanic1
  • Local oceanic CO2 outgassing triggered by terrestrial carbon fluxes during deglacial flooding. (mpg.de)
Measurements1
  • Direct measurements of phytoplankton growth and grazing by micro- and mesozooplankton are one way to look at variability in trophic structure in our study region (e.g., how many steps are mesozooplankton removed on average from phytoplankton). (wamsi.org.au)
Abundant1
  • But phytoplankton don't discriminate quite as much against the extra neutron in carbon-13, which is a much less abundant stable isotope. (northeastern.edu)
Glacial periods1
Sediments1
  • These data including carbon and nitrogen isotopes from glacial sediments will be used to constrain process-based models of the modern and LGM ocean. (github.io)
Processes2
  • However, carbon cycling in the ocean is currently not well understood in part because it is influenced by different complex physical, chemical and biological processes. (github.io)
  • How do possible increased extreme events such as devastating storms and flooding affect carbon cycle processes and do we already see such perturbations? (lu.se)
Relative abundance2
Biogeochemical1
  • Incorporating the stable carbon isotope 13C in the ocean biogeochemical component of the Max Planck Institute Earth System Model. (mpg.de)
Atmospheric3
  • In this study, we adopted an isotope-enabled atmospheric general circulation model from 1981 to 2010 to investigate variations in climatic factors in δ18O of precipitation (δ18Op) at Dome Fuji, East Antarctica. (essopenarchive.org)
  • The Southern Annular Mode (SAM), the primary mode of atmospheric circulation in the southern mid-high latitudes, significantly contributes to the isotope signals. (essopenarchive.org)
  • The isotope signals driven by the SAM are a locational feature of Dome Fuji, related to the asymmetric component of the large-scale atmospheric pattern. (essopenarchive.org)
Patterns1
Marine food webs1
  • This scarcity limits phytoplankton growth in large swaths of the global ocean, with implications for marine food webs and carbon cycling. (us-ocb.org)
Intercomparison1
  • A First intercomparison of the simulated LGM carbon results within PMIP-carbon: role of the ocean boundary conditions. (mpg.de)
Mesozooplankton2
  • The size-fractionated mesozooplankton are filtered onto glass filter paper for further processing to assess isotopes. (wamsi.org.au)
  • Although both types of feeding could include micro- (20-200 m m) and mesozooplankton (200-2000 m m) prey, phytoplankton appears to be ingested mainly by filter-feeding. (csic.es)
Flux3
  • Similarly, an analysis of carbon and nitrogen isotopes in sediment cores collected throughout Puget Sound and the Strait of Georgia suggested that the flux of marine-derived organic carbon has neither increased nor decreased over the last 100 years in the Salish Sea. (eopugetsound.org)
  • And analysis of organic carbon flux in sediment cores suggests that changes are different in Hood Canal than in the Main Basin of Puget Sound. (eopugetsound.org)
  • Carbon flux from these three creeks into Jarrett Bay is evident, as is further flux of CO 2 through the sound and out into the ocean where the CO 2 -saturated estuarine waters combine with the less CO 2 -rich marine waters to produce ocean values of ~625 µatm. (union.edu)
Methane1
Isotopic fractionation1
  • Cassar N, Laws EA & Popp BN (2006) Carbon isotopic fractionation by the marine diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum under nutrient- and light-limited growth conditions. (inogs.it)
Cores1
  • Water isotopes measured in Antarctic ice cores enable reconstruction at the first order of the past temperature variations. (essopenarchive.org)
Fluxes2
  • Perturbation experiments will be used in which one variable (temperature, sea ice, circulation, soluble iron fluxes) is changed at a time and the carbon decomposition is applied. (github.io)
  • Here, a coastal estuarine ecosystem in North Carolina is studied in order to determine spatial relations, seasonal changes, and overall fluxes of carbon, as well as the influences of these factors on the biogeochemistry of the system as a whole. (union.edu)
Ocean Carbon3
  • Funding for the Ocean Carbon & Biogeochemistry Project Office is provided by the National Science Foundation (NSF) and the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). (us-ocb.org)
  • This complicates quantification of changes in ocean carbon storage such as those between the contemporary ocean and that of the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM, ~21,000 years ago) and hinders mechanistic understanding of the reasons for such changes. (github.io)
  • Schematic of Ocean Carbon Decompositon. (github.io)
Estuaries1
Food9
  • Nitrogen isotopes do change as they are passed up the food chain, which tells us who is eating whom. (yahoo.com)
  • The results of the nitrogen isotopes showed that throughout time, 4,000 years BP to the present, the structure of the Lancaster Sound food web was relatively unchanged. (yahoo.com)
  • We did not detect a difference in the origin of carbon at the base of the food web resulting from the medieval warm period or the little ice age. (yahoo.com)
  • This pattern cannot be linked to anthropogenic activity or to food web trophic changes, but may result from natural phenomena such as increases in productivity, carbon supply and coastal flooding driven by glacial melting and sea-level rise. (frontiersin.org)
  • An additional important goal of our study is to use isotopes to determine how the food web may have changed over the five decades since the first International Indian Ocean Expedition (IIOE). (wamsi.org.au)
  • This cannot be done by standard bulk isotope method which would require separate sampling for phytoplankton isotopes which vary substantially depending on whether the main source of N to the food web is nitrate mixed upward from deep water or fixed N 2 gas from the atmosphere (or some combination). (wamsi.org.au)
  • In those iron-poor places, there's plenty of everything else that phytoplankton, the base of the food web, need to grow - sunlight, carbon, fixed nitrogen, water. (sc.edu)
  • Because of the importance of understanding the underlying food web when considering the accumulation and trophic transfer of a compound, stable carbon and nitrogen isotope analysis was used to characterize the food webs at the previously mentioned Ugandan study sites as well as in the East African great lake Albert. (uwaterloo.ca)
  • Phytoplankton is the base of several aquatic food webs. (eopugetsound.org)
Variations1
Coastal1
  • Hatton AD & Wilson ST (2007) Particulate dimethylsulphoxide and dimethylsulphoniopropionate in phytoplankton cultures and Scottish coastal waters. (inogs.it)