Unlike the majority of homofermentative Lactobacilli , L. sanfranciscensis uses heterofermentative metabolism, processing sugars into either lactic acid or alcohol. (kenyon.edu)
The CcpA regulon comprises genes involved in sugar uptake, fermentation and amino acids metabolism, confirming the role of CcpA as a link between carbon and nitrogen pathways. (studyres.com)
These findings along with previous proteomic data suggest that Pfp, plays a role in both glycolysis and the pentose phosphate pathway, while PfkA and PfkB may phosphorylate sugars in glycolysis but is responsible for sugar metabolism elsewhere under conditions outside of growth on sufficient cellobiose. (biomedcentral.com)
Glucose7
However, glucose is the preferred carbon source and its rapid utilization depends on the phosphoenolpyruvate: carbohydrate phosphotransferase system (PTS). (biomedcentral.com)
Glucose is the primary substrate used as the carbon source for laboratory and industrial cultivation of E. coli for production purposes. (encyclopedia.pub)
Nevertheless, due to the high number of sugar transporters, E. coli uses preferentially few systems to grow in glucose as the sole carbon source. (encyclopedia.pub)
Once in periplasmic space, glucose is transported into the cytoplasm by several systems, including the phosphoenolpyruvate-dependent phosphotransferase system (PTS), the ATP-dependent cassette (ABC) transporters, and the major facilitator (MFS) superfamily proton symporters. (encyclopedia.pub)
E. coli preferentially uses glucose in the presence of sugar mixtures, preventing using other carbon sources. (encyclopedia.pub)
Several transcriptional and post-transcriptional regulatory mechanisms control the preferential use of glucose over other sugars. (encyclopedia.pub)
Additionally, numerous transporters with overlapping sugar specificities for monosaccharides increase the potential capability to transport glucose [ 6 ] , indicating the extraordinary capability and plasticity of transporting and growing glucose as a carbon source. (encyclopedia.pub)
Carbohydrate1
These are hydrogenated forms of carbohydrate in which the carbonyl group (aldehyde or ketone, reducing sugar) has been reduced to a primary or secondary hydroxyl group. (ecmdb.ca)
Transports2
The bacterial phosphoenolpyruvate:sugar phosphotransferase system (PTS) transports and phosphorylates its sugar substrates in a single energy-coupled step. (wikipedia.org)
PTS not only transports specific sugars but also in the absence of its substrates, stimulates, through adenylate cyclase (Cya), the production of c AMP which in turn activates the transcription of many c AMP-CRP dependent catabolic genes, including those involved in glycerol utilization [ 1 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Alcohols1
belongs to the class of organic compounds known as sugar alcohols. (ecmdb.ca)
Transporters2
Two recently identified exo-lytic N -acetylmuramidases (Tf_NamZ1 and Tf_NamZ2) specifically cleave the peptide-free, exogenous (nutrition source) PGN in the periplasm and release the MurNAc and disaccharide substrates for the transporters Tf_MurT and Tf_AmpG, respectively, whereas the peptide-containing, endogenous (the self-cell wall) PGN stays unattached. (karger.com)
The EcoCyc database describes 532 transport reactions, 480 transporters, and 97 proteins involved in sugar transport. (encyclopedia.pub)
Intermediate1
We now demonstrate that this enzyme can also phosphorylate sedoheptulose-7-phosphate (an intermediate in the pentose phosphate pathway), with the V max and K m of F6P being approximately 15 folds higher and 43 folds lower, respectively, in comparison to sedoheptulose-7-phosphate. (biomedcentral.com)
Yield1
Efficient growth and associated production and yield of desired products depend on the efficient sugar transport capabilities, sugar catabolism through the central carbon catabolism, and the efficient carbon flux through specific biosynthetic pathways. (encyclopedia.pub)
Proteins2
This transport process is dependent on several cytoplasmic phosphoryl transfer proteins - Enzyme I (I), HPr, Enzyme IIA (IIA), and Enzyme IIB (IIB)) as well as the integral membrane sugar permease (IIC). (wikipedia.org)
Among them, 97 proteins are involved in sugar transport ( Table 1 ). (encyclopedia.pub)
Primary1
This sugar is the primary carbon and energy source for large-scale biotechnological processes and provides faster and optimum growth compared with other carbon sources. (encyclopedia.pub)
Conditions1
By 24 h post-inoculation (hpi) in the co-culture system and under conditions similar to the vaginal environment - pH 5.0, 37 °C, and 5% CO2, Lj 62B viability was not affected but Gp JCP8151B had been eliminated. (bvsalud.org)
Escherichia2
The solution structure of a stably phosphorylated form of the cytoplasmic B domain of the mannitol-specific transporter (IIB(Mtl)) of the Escherichia coli phosphotransferase system, containing a mutation of the active site Cys384 to Ser, has been solved by NMR. (nih.gov)
Fouet, A., Arnaud, M., Klier, A. and Rapoport, G. Bacillus subtilis sucrose-specific enzyme II of the phosphotransferase system: expression in Escherichia coli and homology to enzymes II from enteric bacteria. (enzyme-database.org)
Metabolic2
In this regulation system, the enzyme can phosphorylate and dephosphorylate two proteins, HPr/HPr(Ser(P)) and Crh/Crh(Ser(P)), sensing the metabolic state of the cell. (rhea-db.org)
The kinases are a large number of structurally diverse enzymes that play a critical role in numerous metabolic and signalling pathways and whose substrates may be a small molecule, lipid, or protein. (biomedcentral.com)
Enzymes1
Permease of phosphotransferase system (or PTS-AG superfamily according to TCDB) is a superfamily of phosphotransferase enzymes that facilitate the transport of L-ascorbate (A) and galactitol (G). Classification has been established through phylogenic analysis and bioinformatics. (wikipedia.org)
Pathways1
The CcpA regulon comprises genes involved in sugar uptake, fermentation and amino acids metabolism, confirming the role of CcpA as a link between carbon and nitrogen pathways. (studyres.com)
Cytoplasm1
The system, which is found only in prokaryotes, simultaneously transports its substrate from the periplasm or extracellular space into the cytoplasm and phosphorylates it. (expasy.org)
Sucrose transport2
Titgemeyer, F., Jahreis, K., Ebner, R. and Lengeler, J.W. Molecular analysis of the scrA and scrB genes from Klebsiella pneumoniae and plasmid pUR400, which encode the sucrose transport protein Enzyme II Scr of the phosphotransferase system and a sucrose-6-phosphate invertase. (enzyme-database.org)
In addition, overexpression of the sucrose-specific PTS system ( scrA ) from Clostridium acetobutylicum accelerated the sucrose transport. (biomedcentral.com)
Enzyme II3
This enzyme is a component (known as enzyme II) of a phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP)-dependent, sugar transporting phosphotransferase system (PTS). (expasy.org)
Enzyme II, on the other hand, is specific for a particular substrate, although in some cases alternative substrates can be transported with lower efficiency. (expasy.org)
This enzyme is a component (known as enzyme II) of a phospho enol pyruvate (PEP)-dependent, sugar transporting phosphotransferase system (PTS). (enzyme-database.org)
Protein1
The phosphate donor, which is shared among the different systems, is a phospho-carrier protein of low molecular mass that has been phosphorylated by EC 2.7.3.9 . (expasy.org)
Phosphate5
The reaction involves a successive transfer of the phosphate group to several amino acids within the enzyme before the final transfer to the substrate. (expasy.org)
Lunsford, R.D. and Macrina, F.L. Molecular cloning and characterization of scrB , the structural gene for the Streptococcus mutans phospho enol pyruvate-dependent sucrose phosphotransferase system sucrose-6-phosphate hydrolase. (enzyme-database.org)
On the basis of these conserved mechanisms, the role of the nucleotide C8-H in initiating the formation of a pentavalent intermediate between the γ-phosphate of the ATP and the substrate nucleophile is defined. (biomedcentral.com)
Associated with the "push" mechanism and "pull" mechanisms are a series of proton transfer cascades, initiated from C8-H, via the tri-phosphate backbone, culminating in the formation of the pentavalent transition state between the γ-phosphate of the ATP and the substrate nucleophile. (biomedcentral.com)
use DICARBOXYLIC ACIDS 1970-1979 MH - 3-Phosphoshikimate 1-Carboxyvinyltransferase UI - D051229 MN - D8.811.913.225.735 MS - An enzyme of the shikimate pathway of AROMATIC AMINO ACID biosynthesis, it generates 5-enolpyruvylshikimate 3-phosphate and ORTHOPHOSPHATE from PHOSPHOENOLPYRUVATE and SHIKIMATE-3-PHOSPHATE. (nih.gov)
Fermentation2
Thermophilic microbes for biofuels have attracted great attention due to their higher fermentation temperature and wide substrate spectrum. (biomedcentral.com)
Moreover, with the gene arginine repressor ( argR ) deleted, the ethanologenic mutant P8S10 showed great inhibitors-tolerance and finally accumulated ~ 34 g/L ethanol (a yield of 0.39 g/g sugars) from pretreated cane molasses in 5 L tank by fed-batch fermentation. (biomedcentral.com)
Permease1
This transport process is dependent on several cytoplasmic phosphoryl transfer proteins - Enzyme I (I), HPr, Enzyme IIA (IIA), and Enzyme IIB (IIB)) as well as the integral membrane sugar permease (IIC). (wikipedia.org)
Uptake1
To optimize energy usage, bacteria have developed an integrated control system to preferentially uptake carbohydrates that support rapid growth. (nih.gov)
Regulation1
Each of these mechanisms would allow for the regulation of the rate of formation of the pentavalent intermediate between the ATP and the substrate nucleophile. (biomedcentral.com)