ProteinsSubunitCalcineurinProtein kinasesCatalyticOkadaic acidPP2AIntracellularSerine protein kinaseKinase phosphataseMyosinPhosphorylationEnzymesKinasesDependentAmino acidsCaMKIIActivityCALM1RegulatesMembranesInteractionsElucidationImplicationsInteractionCritical rolesDynamicsActivationTargetSpecificHuman
Proteins12
- Calmodulin 1 is the archetype of the family of calcium-modulated (calmodulin) proteins of which nearly 20 members have been found. (wikipedia.org)
- This gene encodes one of three calmodulin proteins which are members of the EF-hand calcium-binding protein family. (nih.gov)
- 2 Protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) is a very abundant - it accounts for as much as 1% of total cellular proteins - ubiquitous and remarkably conserved enzyme. (ac.be)
- Calmodulin mediates the control of a large number of enzymes, ion channels, aquaporins and other proteins through calcium-binding. (nih.gov)
- Calmodulin is an important multifunctional molecule that regulates the activities of a large number of proteins in the cell. (biomedcentral.com)
- Calcium binding induces conformational transitions in calmodulin that make it specifically active to particular target proteins. (biomedcentral.com)
- Several high molecular weight calmodulin-binding proteins were enriched in the same region of the gradient. (rupress.org)
- We derive mechanistic insights into the membrane/scaffold proteins and protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) in the maladaptive remodeling of the myocardium in diabetic and hypertensive animal models. (ku.ac.ae)
- Ca2+ is an essential requirement in membrane fusion, acting through binding proteins such as calmodulin (CaM). (umassmed.edu)
- A leading applicant for a long lasting molecular change that is steady to proteins turnover is something made up of an autophosphorylating kinase combined to a phosphatase (13). (healthyguide.info)
- Calcium mineral/calmodulin-dependent proteins kinase II (CaMKII) can be an autophosphorylating kinase (14,15) that constitutes up to 2% of total proteins in certain parts of the brain and it is extremely enriched at synapses (16). (healthyguide.info)
- This web site could be dephosphorylated by many localized proteins phosphatases synaptically, including PP1 and PP2A (20). (healthyguide.info)
Subunit6
- A unique isoform of the catalytic subunit of calmodulin-dependent protein phosphatase (CaM-PrP) was cloned from a murine testis library. (elsevierpure.com)
- The activity of the protein phosphatase calcineurin (CN) is regulated by an autoinhibition mechanism wherein several domains from its catalytic A subunit, including the calmodulin binding domain (CaMBD), block access to its active site. (rcsb.org)
- Protein Phosphatase 2A (PP2A) is a widely expressed family of protein phosphatases made of a core dimer, composed of a catalytic (C) subunit and a structural (A) subunit, in association with a third variable regulatory (B) subunit. (ac.be)
- Regulatory subunit of calcineurin, a calcium-dependent, calmodulin stimulated protein phosphatase. (icr.ac.uk)
- Forms a complex composed of a calmodulin-dependent catalytic subunit (also known as calcineurin A) and a regulatory Ca(2+)-binding subunit (also known as calcineurin B) (PubMed:8524402, PubMed:12218175, PubMed:12357034, PubMed:17498738, PubMed:22343722, PubMed:23468591, PubMed:26794871, PubMed:27974827). (icr.ac.uk)
- The phospho-myosin light chain (p-MLC), phospho-myosin light chain kinase (p-MLCK), and phospho-myosin phosphatase target subunit 1 (p-MYPT1) levels in the bladder were examined using Western blot. (hindawi.com)
Calcineurin9
- or calcineurin, calmodulin, and EGTA or Ca2+. (irjs.info)
- Calcineurin (PP2B) is a calcium/calmodulin dependent Ser/Thr protein phosphatase that is expressed at high levels in the CNS. (sysy.com)
- Immunohistochemical and biochemical investigations of Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II(CaM kinase II) and protein phosphatase (calcineurin) after transient forebrain ischemia demonstrated that the activity of CaM kinase II was decreased in the CA1 region of the hippocampus early (6-12 hours) after ischemia. (nih.gov)
- Significantly, the actions of both GLP-1 and forskolin were abolished by the selective Ca 2+ /calmodulin-dependent phosphatase 2B (calcineurin) inhibitor, FK506, as well as by the chelation of intracellular Ca 2+ by BAPTA (bis(2-aminophenoxy)ethane- N,N,N ′ ,N ′-tetraacetate). (diabetesjournals.org)
- We have previously identified NFAT (nuclear factor of activated T-cells) as a key regulator of insulin gene transcription in pancreatic β-cells that is activated by the calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein phosphatase 2B (calcineurin) in response to increased [Ca 2+ ] i ( 10 ). (diabetesjournals.org)
- P-sites 2 and 3 phosphorylated by Ca2+ calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II) were excellent substrates for protein phosphatase 2A, whereas P-sites 4, 5, and 6 (phosphorylated by mitogen-activated protein kinase) were efficiently dephosphorylated only by Ca2+-calmodulin-dependent protein phosphatase 2B-calcineurin. (ucl.ac.uk)
- Calcineurin (CN) is a Ca 2+ /calmodulin dependent serine/threonine protein phosphatase first identified in brain and also known as protein phosphatase 2B (PP2B). (pancreapedia.org)
- Calcineurin (Cn) is a Ca 2+ /calmodulin (CaM)-dependent serine/threonine phosphatase first identified in extracts of mammalian brain (68, 94). (pancreapedia.org)
- Calcineurin (CaN) is a highly regulated Ser/Thr protein phosphatase that plays critical roles in learning and memory, cardiac development and function, and immune system activation. (uky.edu)
Protein kinases2
- In the past, most of the attention was focused primarily on protein kinases and on their regulation, mainly because phosphatases were then viewed as simple housekeeping enzymes. (ac.be)
- Among the enzymes to be stimulated by the calmodulin-calcium complex are a number of protein kinases and phosphatases. (nih.gov)
Catalytic2
- Upon binding of Ca2+ and calmodulin (Ca2+/CaM) to CaMBD, the autoinhibitory domains dissociate from the catalytic groove, thus activating the enzyme. (rcsb.org)
- CnA ( Figure 1 ) contains the catalytic domain, which is homologous to other serine/threonine protein phosphatases (4). (pancreapedia.org)
Okadaic acid2
- PP2A and PP1, but not Cn, are inhibited by the exogenously administered phosphatase inhibitors okadaic acid, microcystin, and calyculin, as well as the endogenous inhibitors inhibitor-1 and DARPP-32 (dopamine- and cAMP-regulated phosphoprotein of 32 kDa). (pancreapedia.org)
- In addition, the phosphatase-inhibitor okadaic acid reduced I SK amplitude and abolished the difference between Ctl- and cAF-cardiomyocytes, indicating that reduced calmodulin-Thr80 phosphorylation due to increased protein phosphatase-2A levels in the SK-channel complex likely contribute to the greater I SK in cAF-cardiomyocytes. (ku.dk)
PP2A5
- Nouvelles avancées dans la structure et la régulation de la Protéine Phosphatase 2A : les raisons pour lesquelles PP2A ne doit plus être considérée comme une enzyme passive et non spécifique. (ac.be)
- La Protéine Phosphatase 2A (PP2A) est une phosphatase très abondante composée d'un noyau dimérique contenant une sous-unité catalytique (C) et une sous-unité structurale (A), auquel est associé une sous-unité régulatrice (B) variable. (ac.be)
- Bien que considérée dans le passé comme une enzyme constitutive non spécifique, PP2A est une phosphatase soumise à une régulation précise et qui est importante dans le contrôle des fonctions cellulaires impliquant la phosphorylation. (ac.be)
- Although viewed as a constitutive housekeeping enzyme in the past, PP2A is a highly regulated phosphatase and is emerging as an important regulator of multiple cellular processes involving protein phosphorylation. (ac.be)
- Cn (also known as PP2B) is part of a family of type 2 protein phosphatases that include PP2A and PP2C. (pancreapedia.org)
Intracellular5
- Although intracellular signal transduction is often portrayed as a protein kinase 'domino effect', the counterbalancing function of phosphatases, and thus the control of phosphatase activity, is equally relevant to proper regulation of cellular function. (ac.be)
- Calcium released by the intracellular stores binds to calmodulin, and Ca-CaM complex activates MLC kinase that subsequently phosphorylates MLC. (jefferson.edu)
- The results of our analysis reduce the gap between current understanding of intracellular calmodulin function at the structural level and physiological calcium-dependent calmodulin target activation experiments. (biomedcentral.com)
- These Ly-49 inhibitory receptors, as well as inhibitory KIRs, contain cytoplasmic immune receptor tyrosine-based inhibitory motifs (ITIMs) that are phosphorylated upon stimulation, leading to the recruitment of Src homology 2 domain-containing protein tyrosine phosphatase (SHP-1) and attenuation of intracellular signals ( 1 , 4 , 5 ). (aai.org)
- Calcium/calmodulin-dependent serine protein kinase (CASK) is a new intracellular modulator of P2X3 receptors. (shengsci.com)
Serine protein kinase1
- The present study investigated the role of calcium/calmodulin-dependent serine protein kinase (CASK) in interacti. (shengsci.com)
Kinase phosphatase3
- This activation was blocked by expression of the MAP kinase phosphatase MKP-1. (umassmed.edu)
- Several feasible molecular mechanisms have already been suggested to take into account the permanent adjustments on the synapse, including adjustments in regional transcription rates, adjustments in kinase/phosphatase actions, adjustments in the business of scaffolding protein, and adjustments in the localization/aggregation of specific protein (10,11). (healthyguide.info)
- This CaMKII-phosphatase program satisfies the least requirements from the autophosphorylating kinase-phosphatase program described above, which is as a result possible Rabbit Polyclonal to Parkin a bistable CaMKII change forms the molecular basis of synaptic plasticity and long-term storage (21). (healthyguide.info)
Myosin5
- It is well known that smooth-muscle contraction is regulated by the cytosolic Ca2+ concentration and by the Ca2+ sensitivity of myofilaments: the former activates myosin light-chain kinase, and the latter is achieved partly by the inhibition of myosin phosphatase. (jefferson.edu)
- The cellular activity of myosin light chain phosphatase (MLCP) determines the agonist-induced force development in smooth muscle. (jefferson.edu)
- Association of calmodulin and an unconventional myosin with the contractile vacuole complex of Dictyostelium discoideum. (rupress.org)
- One of the calmodulin-binding polypeptides (molecular mass approximately 150 kD) cross-reacted with an antiserum specific for Acanthamoeba myosin IC. (rupress.org)
- Myosin light chain phosphatase (MLCP) activity is associated with mammalian bladder function, and it is speculated that a change in MLC may play an important role in the nervous and myogenic control of the bladder [ 7 ]. (hindawi.com)
Phosphorylation6
- Phosphorylation of calmodulin. (wikipedia.org)
- But advances in the understanding of protein phosphatases make now clear that these enzymes are precisely regulated and are as important as kinases in the regulation of cellular processes involving protein phosphorylation. (ac.be)
- We hypothesized that an imbalance of Ca2+/calmodulin dependent protein phosphorylation-dephosphorylation may be involved in delayed neuronal death after ischemia. (nih.gov)
- Protein phosphorylation is a reversible and dynamic post-translational modification that is governed by the opposing activities of protein phosphatases and kinases. (rndsystems.com)
- It is suggested that the phosphorylation of MLC catalyzed by Ca 2+ -calmodulin- (CAM-) dependent MLCK and dephosphorylation catalyzed by MLCP help regulate the contraction and relaxation of smooth muscle [ 8 , 9 ]. (hindawi.com)
- Here DARPP-32 phosphorylation by protein kinase A (PKA), DARPP-32 into a powerful protein phosphatase 1 (PP1) inhibitor. (pp1a.com)
Enzymes1
- CaM also regulates a large number of kinases and phosphatases as well as other enzymes with opposing cellular effects. (biomedcentral.com)
Kinases1
- By counteracting the activities of kinases, phosphatases play an important role in the control of a wide variety of cellular functions including cell cycle checkpoints, responsiveness to growth factors, contact inhibition, and cellular motility. (rndsystems.com)
Dependent2
- They are classified according to their dependence on certain divalent metal ions for phosphatase activity and Cn is uniquely dependent upon Ca 2+ . (pancreapedia.org)
- Conclusions: I SK is upregulated in patients with cAF due to enhanced channel function, mediated by phosphatase-2A-dependent calmodulin-Thr80 dephosphorylation and tachycardia-dependent enhanced trafficking and targeting of SK-channel subunits to the sarcolemma. (ku.dk)
Amino acids1
- Calmodulin contains 149 amino acids and has 4 calcium-binding EF hand motifs. (wikipedia.org)
CaMKII4
- Calmodulin variant E140G associated with long QT syndrome impairs CaMKIIδ autophosphorylation and L-type calcium channel inactivation. (nih.gov)
- B ) Cartoon representation of activation of CaMKII by calcium:calmodulin (top) and proposed mechanism for spread of kinase activity (bottom). (elifesciences.org)
- And 4th, under in?vivo circumstances, boosts in phosphatase activity can easily boost CaMKII activity. (healthyguide.info)
- CaMKII is certainly turned on by calcium-saturated calmodulin (CaM) (17), as soon as activated, it could autophosphorylate at T286 (18). (healthyguide.info)
Activity5
- Disturbances in phosphatase activity are implicated in a wide variety of disease states such as colon cancer, obesity, and immunodeficiencies. (rndsystems.com)
- Cn consists of two subunits, CnA and CnB, which form a heterodimer in order to conduct phosphatase activity. (pancreapedia.org)
- This study found an increase in excess GR transcriptional activity of protein phosphatase 1 alpha (PP1α) in HEK-293 cells and a decrease in the expression levels of GR-responsive gene knockdown following PP1α model A549 cells endogenously . (pp1a.com)
- On the other hand, calmodulin and Ca antagonists had no effect on K-pNPPase activity nor its sensitivity to calcium. (mcmaster.ca)
- We employ site-directed mutagenesis, size-exclusion chromatography, protein crystallography, circular dichroism spectroscopy, fluorescence anisotropy and correlation spectroscopy, and phosphatase activity assays to investigate the ordering of CaN's regulatory domain, the stoichiometry of CaN:CaM binding, and the impact of the distal helix on CaM activation of CaN. (uky.edu)
CALM11
- Calmodulin 1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CALM1 gene. (wikipedia.org)
Regulates1
- Calcium-induced activation of calmodulin regulates and modulates the function of cardiac ion channels. (nih.gov)
Membranes1
- When membranes from Dictyostelium cells were fractionated on equilibrium sucrose density gradients, calmodulin cofractionated with alkaline phosphatase, a cytochemical marker for contractile vacuole membranes, at a density of 1.156 g/ml. (rupress.org)
Interactions3
- Calmodulin Interactions with Voltage-Gated Sodium Channels. (nih.gov)
- In this study, we adopt a structural systems biology approach and develop a mathematical model to investigate various types of cooperative calcium-calmodulin interactions. (biomedcentral.com)
- We compare the predictions of our analysis with physiological dose-response curves taken from the literature, in order to provide a quantitative comparison of the effects of different mechanisms of cooperativity on calcium-calmodulin interactions. (biomedcentral.com)
Elucidation1
- Time-resolved DEER EPR and solid-state NMR afford kinetic and structural elucidation of substrate binding to Ca(2+)-ligated calmodulin. (nih.gov)
Implications1
- Subtype Differences in the Interaction of HIV-1 Matrix with Calmodulin: Implications for Biological Functions. (nih.gov)
Interaction1
- We characterized a role for STRN in cardiomyocyte spontaneous contraction, and in the interaction between caveolin-3 and calmodulin in the heart. (ku.ac.ae)
Critical roles1
- The calmodulin-binding transcription activators (CAMTA) play critical roles in plant growth and responses to environmental stimuli. (frontiersin.org)
Dynamics1
- More precisely, we are investigating the dynamics of the calmodulin binding protein Striatin in diabetic cardiomyopathy and coronary artery disease. (ku.ac.ae)
Activation1
- Full CaN activation requires binding of calcium-loaded calmodulin (CaM), however little is known about how CaM binding releases CaN's autoinhibitory domain from the active site. (uky.edu)
Target1
- A number of successful drugs have been developed that target protein phosphatases. (rndsystems.com)
Specific1
- mAbs specific for calmodulin were used to examine the distribution of calmodulin in vegetative Dictyostelium cells. (rupress.org)
Human1
- Calmodulin Mutations in Human Disease. (nih.gov)