• PC12 cells stop dividing and undergo terminal differentiation when treated with NERVE GROWTH FACTOR , making the line a useful model system for NERVE CELL differentiation . (online-medical-dictionary.org)
  • It was developed in parallel to the adrenal chromaffin cell model because of its extreme versatility for pharmacological manipulation, ease of culture, and the large amount of information on their proliferation and differentiation. (wikipedia.org)
  • This makes PC12 cells useful as a model system for neuronal differentiation and neurosecretion. (wikipedia.org)
  • ASK1 thus appears to mediate signals leading to both differentiation and survival of PC12 cells. (nih.gov)
  • Gain and loss of function studies have indicated that miRNAs play a critical role in the regulation of all key biological functions such as development, cell proliferation, cell differentiation, and apoptosis [ 3 , 4 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • Retinoic acid is a regulator of gene expression which, by binding to its nuclear receptor, determines the degree of differentiation in multiple cancer cell types. (viamedica.pl)
  • In cells derived from neural crest, such as neuroblastoma cells, retinoic acid initiates differentiation into neurons. (viamedica.pl)
  • Evidence is accumulating that small G proteins are involved in the regulation of cell growth and differentiation. (nii.ac.jp)
  • We have found that the levels of smg p21 mRNA increase in hematopoietic leukemiae cells after their differentiation into hematopoietic cells. (nii.ac.jp)
  • We have also found that smg p25A is mainly detected inneural tissues by use of its specific monoclonal antibody, and that the levels of smg p25A mRNA increase in PC12 cells after their differentiation into neuron-like cells. (nii.ac.jp)
  • Control of muscle differentiation in BC3H1 cells by fibroblast growth factor and vanadate. (wustl.edu)
  • A wide array of chemical substances can influence cell growth and differentiation. (beauty104.com.tw)
  • Containing the crucial traits of the cellular microenvironment, ECM substitutes mediate cell-matrix interactions to prompt stem-cell proliferation and differentiation for 3D organoid construction in vitro or tissue regeneration in vivo. (bvsalud.org)
  • Overall, the decellularization methodologies and tissue/cell-derived ECM as scaffolds or cellular-growth supplements used in cell propagation and differentiation for 3D tissue culture in vitro are discussed. (bvsalud.org)
  • PC12 cells were used to find which prion protein fragments caused neuronal dysfunction. (wikipedia.org)
  • Their embryological origin with neuroblastic cells means they can easily differentiate into neuron-like cells even though they are not considered adult neurons. (wikipedia.org)
  • Inhibits catecholamine release from chromaffin cells and noradrenergic neurons by acting as a non-competitive nicotinic cholinergic antagonist (PubMed:15326220). (neobiotechnologies.com)
  • Seventy-five percent of these FGF-2-responsive cells were beta tubulin III (TuJ1)-positive neurons, and 25% expressed nestin, a marker for neuroepithelial precursors. (beauty104.com.tw)
  • These cells are popular because they are able to synthesize and release catecholamines in a similar manner as dopaminergic neurons and adrenal medullary chromaffin cells [ 4 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Oxidative stress-induced cytoskeletal dysfunction of neurons has been implicated as a crucial cause of cell apoptosis or death in the central nervous system (CNS) diseases, such as neurodegenerative and psychiatric diseases. (ijbs.com)
  • Pheochromocytomas and catecholamine-secreting paragangliomas have a similar clinical presentation, but the risk for associated neoplasms, risk for malignancy, and genetic testing is different between the tumors. (medscape.com)
  • Usually, extra-adrenal tumors (extra-adrenal pheochromocytomas or paragangliomas) are located in the abdomen along the sympathetic chain and constitute about 10% of sporadic cases. (medscape.com)
  • Metastatic pheochromocytomas and paragangliomas are rare and challenging tumors. (thieme-connect.com)
  • Genetic testing in pheochromocytomas/ paragangliomas (including tentative study NGS)in Japan. (nii.ac.jp)
  • It is an excellent marker for carcinoid tumors, pheochromocytomas, paragangliomas, and other neuroendocrine tumors. (neobiotechnologies.com)
  • Pretreatment of cells with pertussis toxin or intracellular infusion of the GDP analogue guanosine-5'-O-(2-thiodiphosphate) was without effects on the control Ca2+ channel current but abolished its hormonal inhibition. (mdc-berlin.de)
  • This can either occur by cell surface receptor interactions, as in the case with peptide growth factors, or by interactions with intracellular molecules, as in the case with steroid hormones. (beauty104.com.tw)
  • Octn1/2- and Mate1-expressing cells showed the intracellular accumulation of oxaliplatin. (bvsalud.org)
  • In vitro studies based on MCF-7 cell proliferation and induction of vitellogenin in primary culture of rainbow trout hepatocytes. (cdc.gov)
  • Ferulic acid induces neural progenitor cell proliferation in vitro and in vivo. (aaem.pl)
  • nontargeting siRNA was used as handle.A significant lessen in complete MET protein expression was accomplished immediately after this knockdown.Most significantly, MET knockdown blocked ligand-induced activation of MET and resultant downstream signaling.MET knockdown didn't influence cell growth and proliferation but considerably inhibited constitutive and HGFinduced cell migration and invasion. (pafrinhibitors.com)
  • Epidermal growth factor (EGF) and fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF-2) induce the proliferation of neural precursor cells isolated from specific regions of the embryonic and adult brain. (beauty104.com.tw)
  • Not long after FGF1 and FGF2 were isolated, another group isolated a pair of heparin -binding growth factors which they named HBGF-1 and HBGF-2, whilst a third group isolated a pair of growth factors that caused proliferation of cells in a bioassay containing blood vessel endothelium cells which they called ECGF-1 and ECGF-2. (beauty104.com.tw)
  • One of the most important functions of bFGF is the promotion of endothelial cell proliferation and the physical organization of endothelial cells into tube-like structures. (beauty104.com.tw)
  • Four pertussis toxin-sensitive G proteins were identified in membranes of PC-12 cells: two members of the Gi family, Gi1 and Gi2, and two members of the Go family, Go2 and another Go subtype (possibly Go1). (mdc-berlin.de)
  • PC12 cell line use has given much information to the function of proteins underlying vesicle fusion. (wikipedia.org)
  • We also observed that ASK1DeltaN induced expression of several neuron-specific proteins and phosphorylation of neurofilament proteins, confirming that PC12 cells differentiated into mature neuronal cells by ASK1. (nih.gov)
  • A nanoscale modular design strategy was employed to synthesize six engineered, recombinant proteins intended to mimic aspects of the extracellular matrix proteins fibronectin, laminin, and elastin as well as the cell-cell adhesive protein neural cell adhesion molecule. (frontiersin.org)
  • Fluorescent microscopy of transiently transfected mammalian cells expressing Phi-Yellow proteins. (evrogen.com)
  • Suitability of Phi-Yellow proteins to generate stably transfected cells has been proven by Marinpharm company. (evrogen.com)
  • Proteins that act both at the cell surface and intracellularly will be discussed in this thesis, with particular emphasis on the fibroblast growth factors. (beauty104.com.tw)
  • The FGFs are heparin -binding proteins and interactions with cell-surface associated heparan sulfate proteoglycans has been shown to be essential for FGF signal transduction. (beauty104.com.tw)
  • Thus, the three structurally related compounds, MPP + , paraquat, and analog 1, showed different effects on the mitochondrial respiratory chain and the glycolytic pathway in PC 12 cells. (elsevierpure.com)
  • In addition to the monoamine (dopamine and norepinephrine) pathway, PC12 cells have been reported to express both the kynurenine and serotonin pathways. (wikipedia.org)
  • A contrary view regarding expression of the serotonin pathway by PC12 cells was expressed by the investigators who first established this cell line. (wikipedia.org)
  • Because the effects of local anesthetics on cellular signal transduction in neuronal cells are not well-known, the authors investigated whether they affect the MAP kinase signaling pathway using PC12 cells. (asahq.org)
  • Regulates granule biogenesis in endocrine cells by up-regulating the transcription of protease nexin 1 (SERPINE2) via a cAMP-PKA-SP1 pathway. (neobiotechnologies.com)
  • B-Raf-dependent regulation of the MEK-1/mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway in PC12 cells and regulation by cyclic AMP. (wikidata.org)
  • At nanomolar concentrations, A10E could inhibit Abeta oligomers-induced neurotoxicity via the activation of tyrosine kinase receptor B (TrkB)/Akt pathway in SH-SY5Y cells. (inrae.fr)
  • Cytotoxicity analyses of the drug delivery system based on human gastric cancer SGC-7901 and rat pheochromocytoma PC12 cells show low cytotoxicity and good biocompatibility. (rsc.org)
  • In the current study, the potential of two omega-6 fatty acids (i.e. arachidonic acid and linoleic acid) in alleviating 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP + )-induced cytotoxicity in PC12 cells was examined. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Chemotherapy and radiotherapy have been used in metastatic and unresectable pheochromocytoma, but their value is questionable. (medscape.com)
  • 1999. Transactivation activity of human, zebrafish, and rainbow trout aryl hydrocarbon receptors expressed in COS-7 cells: Greater insight into species differences in toxic potency of polychlorinated dibenzo- p -dioxin, dibenzofuran, and biphenyl congeners. (cdc.gov)
  • The vesicles hold catecholamines, mostly dopamine, but also limited amount of norepinephrine, and release of these neurotransmitters give rise to spikes due to changes in current similar to chromaffin cells. (wikipedia.org)
  • PC12 cells have been researched to evaluate the potential for pharmaceutical alternation of dopamine metabolites such as DOPAL, an autotoxin implicated in the pathology of Parkinson's disease. (wikipedia.org)
  • Effects of polychlorinated biphenyls on dopamine release from PC12 cells. (cdc.gov)
  • The term paraganglioma refers to any extra-adrenal or nonfunctional tumor of the paraganglion system, whereas functional tumors are referred to as extra-adrenal pheochromocytomas. (medscape.com)
  • The biosynthesis and storage of catecholamines in chromaffin cell tumors may differ from the biosynthesis and storage in the normal medulla. (medscape.com)
  • Further work is needed to determine the molecular mechanisms of this process, and to evaluate thoroughly the benefits of introducing retinoic acid into therapy of pheochromocytoma tumors. (viamedica.pl)
  • In human SH-SY5Y cells, the luciferase assay implied that Sirt2 was likely a target of miRNA-339. (hindawi.com)
  • Cell viability was then assessed by using the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. (biomedcentral.com)
  • We examined effects of three structurally related pyridinium compounds, 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP + ), paraquat, and l-methyl-4-(4'- nitrophenyl) pyridinium (analog 1), on the energy metabolism in pheochromocytoma PC12 cells. (elsevierpure.com)
  • A HIF1alpha regulatory loop links hypoxia and mitochondrial signals in pheochromocytomas. (thieme-connect.com)
  • Once the cells have been identified via their nuclear stain in one fluorescence channel of an imaging system, their mitochondrial activity can be measured on a per-cell basis as fluorescence in a second channel corresponding to the specific mitochondrial dye used. (moleculardevices.com)
  • Valinomycin, an ionophore antibiotic, was used to disrupt mitochondrial function in PC12 cells, and MitoTracker Deep Red FM was used to monitor the effects. (moleculardevices.com)
  • Cells were imaged in the transmitted light (TL) channel of the MiniMax cytometer to obtain cell counts and assess morphology, and in the red fluorescent channel to measure mitochondrial activity. (moleculardevices.com)
  • For each cell identified, red fluorescent signal representing mitochondrial staining was measured and captured as an output parameter in the software. (moleculardevices.com)
  • For each analysis case, mitochondrial response to compound treatment was graphed as average mitochondrial fluorescence per cell vs. compound concentration, and IC 50 values were calculated automatically by the software. (moleculardevices.com)
  • PC12 cells showed a concentrationdependent reduction in mitochondrial labeling when treated with valinomycin. (moleculardevices.com)
  • ASK1DeltaN-induced neurite outgrowth was strongly inhibited by treatment with the p38 inhibitor SB203580 but not with the MEK inhibitors, suggesting that activation of p38, rather than of ERK, is required for the neurite-inducing activity of ASK1 in PC12 cells. (nih.gov)
  • The Rg1 treatment also abolished H 2 O 2 -induced morphological changes, including cell rounding, membrane blebbing, neurite retraction and nuclei condensation, which were generated by myosin IIA-actin interaction. (ijbs.com)
  • Pheochromocytoma is a tumor of neuroendocrine origin. (medscape.com)
  • Chromogranin A is present in neuroendocrine cells throughout the body, including the neuroendocrine cells of the large and small intestine, adrenal medulla and pancreatic islets. (neobiotechnologies.com)
  • The cells were stimulated with either 50 mM KCl or 1 microM ionomycin, and activated MAP kinase was thus immunoprecipitated. (asahq.org)
  • Pretreatment of the cells with 1 mM (ethylenedioxy)-diethyl-enedinitrilotetraacetic acid or 5 micron nifedipine blocked the MAP kinase activation induced by 50 mM KCl, whereas pretreatment with 2 microM omega-conotoxin GIVA did not. (asahq.org)
  • Dibucaine and tetracaine at clinical concentrations were found to inhibit the activation of MAP kinase and the expression of c-Fos mediated by L-type Ca2+ channels in PC12 cells. (asahq.org)
  • 3,4 MAP kinase is highly expressed in the central nervous system, primarily in such postsynaptic structures as neuronal cell bodies and the bases of the proximal dendrites. (asahq.org)
  • Together with previous reports indicating that ASK1 functions as a pro-apoptotic signaling intermediate, these results suggest that ASK1 has a broad range of biological activities depending on cell types and/or cellular context. (nih.gov)
  • GenJet DNA In Vitro Transfection Reagent for PC12 cell is pre-optimized for most efficiently trans fecting PC12 cells. (signagen.com)
  • This reagent labels active mitochondria in live cells and fluoresces at a far-red wavelength that is detected by the red fluorescent channel of the MiniMax cytometer. (moleculardevices.com)
  • An intense signal was observed in glandular cells in the parathyroid gland and islets of Langerhans in pancreas. (enquirebio.com)
  • More moderate antibody staining intensity was present in glandular cells in the parathyroid gland and islets of Langerhans in pancreas. (enquirebio.com)
  • Therefore, this engineered protein adsorption approach allows for the facile preparation of tunable, quantifiable, and reproducible surfaces for in vitro studies of cell-ligand interactions and for potential application as coatings on neural implants. (frontiersin.org)
  • Furthermore, in vitro experiments show that cancer cells can be effectively killed by anticancer drug ( paclitaxel ) released from the system, further indicating the promise of the controlled-release drug delivery system in cancer treatment. (rsc.org)
  • In primary cultures of mouse embryonic day 14 (E14) striatum, maintained in vitro for 24 hr, 12% of the cells responded to FGF-2, whereas no response to EGF could be detected. (beauty104.com.tw)
  • Priming of striatal cells for 24 hr with FGF-2 but not with EGF was sufficient to induce the appearance of EGF- and FGF-2 responsive cells after only 2 d in vitro. (beauty104.com.tw)
  • Thus, neural precursor cells from the mouse E14 striatum initially responding to FGF-2 only acquire EGF responsiveness later during in vitro development. (beauty104.com.tw)
  • We found that p38 and to a lesser extent JNK, but not ERK, were activated by the expression of ASK1DeltaN in PC12 cells. (nih.gov)
  • Overexpression of miR-339 downregulated Sirt2 expression, while knockdown of miR-339 upregulated Sirt2 expression in human SH-SY5Y cells and rat PC12 cells. (hindawi.com)
  • It has become clear, however, that the susceptibility of cells to infection with TSE agents cannot be reliably predicted either from their tissue of origin or level of expression of PrP C ( 11 , 12 ). (cdc.gov)
  • SIGNALS initiated by neurotransmitter release are transferred to the nuclei of the postsynaptic cells to activate specific programs of gene expression, thus influencing synaptic functions. (asahq.org)
  • Mammalian cells transiently transfected with PhiYFP and PhiYFP-m expression vectors produce bright fluorescence in 10-12 hours after transfection. (evrogen.com)
  • The uptake properties of the system by SGC-7901 and human cervical carcinoma HeLa cells demonstrate their great potential for applications in drug delivery. (rsc.org)
  • Observations were made on two primary cultures isolated from human pheochromocytoma. (viamedica.pl)
  • As confirmation that ligand density in these engineered systems impacts neuronal cell behavior, we demonstrate that increasing the density of fibronectin-derived RGD ligands on coated surfaces while maintaining uniform protein surface coverage results in enhanced neurite extension of PC-12 cells. (frontiersin.org)
  • CNTs can also impart conductivity to other insulating materials, improve mechanical stability, guide neuronal cell behavior, and trigger axon regeneration. (bvsalud.org)
  • Possible employment of cell-specific peptide for the specific adsorption and uptake by cells. (msk.ru)
  • It was shown, that apoprotein E 139-158 peptide increases liposomal binding followed by receptor-mediated endocytosis by cells PC12. (msk.ru)
  • This is the first study to examine the protective role of linoleic acid and arachidonic acid and their potential interaction in a Parkinson's disease model simulated by exposing PC12 cells to MPP + neurotoxin. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Low, but measureable presence of Chromogranin A / CHGA could be seen inneuronal cells in the caudate nucleus, cerebral cortex and hippocampus, respiratory epithelial cells in the bronchus and neuronal cells in the caudate nucleus and cerebral cortex and hippocampus. (enquirebio.com)
  • Of specific interest is the role that nanoscale cell-surface interactions play in the biocompatibility of neural implants. (frontiersin.org)
  • In the fifth week of fetal development, neuroblastic cells migrate from the thoracic neural crest to form the sympathetic chains and preaortic ganglia. (medscape.com)
  • Biochemical studies have suggested a voltage-dependent dihydropyridine-sensitive catecholamine release in adrenal chromaffin cells. (mdc-berlin.de)
  • In this study we used phosphorylation of the transcription factor cAMP response element-binding protein as a functional readout to identify cells responding to EGF and FGF-2. (beauty104.com.tw)
  • Pheochromocytomas occur in both children and adults. (medscape.com)
  • Some drug transporters have been identified as platinum complex transporters in kidney or tumor cells, but not yet in DRG. (bvsalud.org)
  • The 6-d-old cultures also contained a small number of TuJ1-positive cells that responded to FGF-2 only. (beauty104.com.tw)
  • However, these ECMs are often applied generically and have yet to be extensively developed for specific cell types in 3D cultures. (bvsalud.org)
  • Nuclei of the fixed cells were counter-stained with EarlyTox Dead Green Dye (Molecular Devices cat. (moleculardevices.com)
  • Cells were also imaged in the green channel to identify the nuclei of individual cells and perform a comparative analysis alongside StainFree cell counts. (moleculardevices.com)
  • Here, fluorescently stained cell nuclei were identified in the green fluorescence imaging channel. (moleculardevices.com)
  • Mechanism of neurotrophic action of nobiletin in PC12D cells. (rochester.edu)