The concept of fetal programming stemmed from the fetal origins hypothesis, also known as Barker's hypothesis, that David Barker proposed in 1995 at the University of Southampton in Southampton, England. (asu.edu)
The fetal origins hypothesis states that undernutrition in the womb during middle to late pregnancy causes improper fetal growth, which in turn, causes a predisposition to certain diseases in adulthood. (asu.edu)
Before Barker defined the fetal origins hypothesis in 1995, scientists attributed the importance of the in utero environment on later development in other ways. (asu.edu)
Genotype1
Low birthweight, measures of insulin resistance in life, and ultimately glucose intolerance, diabetes, and hypertension could all be phenotypes of the same insulin-resistant genotype. (nih.gov)
Inflammation3
We hypothesized that "autoimmune encephalitides" may result from any brain inflammation concurring with the presence of brain antigen-directed autoantibodies, e.g., against N-methyl-D-aspartate-receptor NR1 (NMDAR1-AB), which are not causal of, but may considerably shape the encephalitis phenotype. (nature.com)
After the inflammation fades away, microglia shift into the alternative activated M2 phenotypes that play a role in neuroprotection. (frontiersin.org)
Numerous phenotypes of asthma have inflammation, airway hyperresponsiveness and mucus produc- been described, and a better understanding of the pathophysio- tion. (cdc.gov)
Therapeutic2
Finally, CGS21680 reduces cholesterol accumulation (Filipin III staining), which is the main criterion currently used for identification of a compound or pathway that would be beneficial for NPC disease, and such an effect is prevented by the Ca 2+ chelator BAPTA-AM. Our findings strongly support the hypothesis that A 2A R agonists may represent a therapeutic option for NPC1 and provide insights on their mechanisms of action. (jneurosci.org)
Numerous asthma phenotypes have been described, including occupational asthma, and therapeutic strategies for asthma control are similar regardless of phenotype. (cdc.gov)
Genes1
Array data are intended to provide candidate genes for hypothesis generation and further experimentation. (cdc.gov)
Studies1
In the past decades, many studies have focused on the monoamine hypothesis. (frontiersin.org)
Response1
When combined, they may yield more robust hypotheses about how drugs may combine to create unexpected response phenotypes, useful for repurposing. (iscb.org)
Treatment1
I hypothesis that manipulation of lung macrophage phenotype by treatment with azithromycin may limit fibrosis in the lung. (europa.eu)
Support1
There is evidence to support this hypothesis. (nih.gov)
Drugs1
Furthermore, drugs elevating Ca 2+ levels correct the NPC1 phenotype in vitro , reduce neurological disturbances, and prolong survival in a mouse model of NPC1 disease. (jneurosci.org)
Specific1
I will investigate whether specific macrophage phenotypes contribute to loss of function by driving aberrant epithelial repair and fibrotic remodeling in the lung. (europa.eu)
Discussion1
In the last sentence of their discussion, Stedman and colleagues advanced a provocative hypothesis: Not only did Homo have smaller jaws and teeth, but reducing the jaw muscles may have enabled the evolution of larger brain size. (johnhawks.net)
Genes3
This is particularly relevant to neurodevelopment disability associated genes, where the phenotype of gene KO may vary depending on neuronal age. (nature.com)
The genetic variants in IL-17-related genes are associated with the atopic asthma phenotype and IgE production. (springer.com)
Several genes have been associated with distinct asthma phenotypes. (springer.com)
Associated inflammatory1
We identified discrete clusters of early stage-symptoms which may delineate groups with distinct disease severity phenotypes, including risk of developing long-term symptoms and associated inflammatory profiles. (plos.org)
Severity1
Asthma is a complex disorder with multiple phenotypes which can influence its severity and response to treatment. (springer.com)
Strongly2
Finally, CGS21680 reduces cholesterol accumulation (Filipin III staining), which is the main criterion currently used for identification of a compound or pathway that would be beneficial for NPC disease, and such an effect is prevented by the Ca 2+ chelator BAPTA-AM. Our findings strongly support the hypothesis that A 2A R agonists may represent a therapeutic option for NPC1 and provide insights on their mechanisms of action. (jneurosci.org)
Analysis of the phenotype, expression pattern, molecular identity and biochemistry of fj strongly supports this hypothesis. (sdbonline.org)
Gene3
These programs should include mechanistic studies, using state of the art techniques (e.g., gene expression microarray analysis, multi-color flow cytometry and tetramer analysis) to illuminate the T cell phenotypes, their function and contribution to allergen-specific T cell memory. (nih.gov)
4. Hypothesis: Why Different Types of SDH Gene Variants Cause Divergent tumor Phenotypes. (nih.gov)
Having reproduced the known Pten KO phenotype using the CRISPR-Cas9 system we design viruses to target a gene that has recently been associated with autism, KATNAL2. (nature.com)
Animals4
We conclude that retroviral implementation of the CRISPR-Cas9 system is an efficient system for cellular phenotype discovery in wild-type animals. (nature.com)
Their goal was to analyze variation in ectotherm aging and longevity in the wild compared to endotherms (warm-blooded animals) and explore previous hypotheses related to aging-including mode of body temperature regulation and presence or absence of protective physical traits. (phys.org)
The protective phenotypes hypothesis suggests that animals with physical or chemical traits that confer protection-such as armor, spines, shells or venom-have slower aging and greater longevity. (phys.org)
The team documented that these protective traits do, indeed, enable animals to age more slowly and, in the case of physical protection, live much longer for their size than those without protective phenotypes. (phys.org)
Failure1
These results suggest that the fj leg phenotype arises from an initial failure in the proliferation of a subset of tarsal segments, as well as a failure to initiate the T2/T3 segment boundary (Villano, 1995). (sdbonline.org)
Difficult1
Virally delivered shRNA can result in inefficient knockdown rendering subtle and difficult to quantitate cellular phenotypes 5 . (nature.com)
Found1
The team also found that protective phenotypes, such as the hard shells of most turtle species, contribute to slower aging, and in some cases even 'negligible aging'-or lack of biological aging. (phys.org)
Treatment1
PKU is the prototype for early diagnosis and treatment to prevent a major disease phenotype (impaired cognitive development). (nih.gov)