Phase drug resistance viral. Medical search. Frequent questions

This 2-drug long-acting injectable antiretroviral-based regimen for maintenance of viral load suppression consists of Rilpivirine (a non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor) and Cabotegravir (an integrase inhibitor). (theseoultimes.com)
Two out of 11 study participants who received four doses of the drug have maintained viral suppression without ART for a year and a half. (aidsmap.com)
Two individuals with low baseline viral loads experienced ART-free viral suppression for ≥168 days following antibody infusion, and rebound viruses in these individuals demonstrated full or partial PGT121 sensitivity. (nature.com)
These data suggest that further investigation of the potential of antibody-based therapeutic strategies for long-term suppression of HIV is warranted, including in individuals off ART and with low viral load. (nature.com)
In these studies, bNAb resistance emerged in nearly all treated participants who received monotherapy, but in two notable cases 4 the repeated administration of a combination of two bNAbs in the setting of viremia maintained viral suppression for 3 months without development of resistance to either antibody. (nature.com)
However, it has not yet been demonstrated whether a single bNAb given once can maintain viral suppression longer than 3 months without the development of resistance. (nature.com)
A sub-group analysis of the phase 2/3 CAPELLA study in 72 heavily treatment-experienced participants showed that rates of viral suppression at week-52 were similar by baseline viral load, CD4 count, INSTI resistance and optimised background regimen (OBR) in both the open-label and randomised cohorts (n=36 in each). (i-base.info)
A pair of new studies suggests combining 2 new broadly neutralizing antibodies might be an effective way to achieve long-term HIV viral suppression without the use of antiretroviral therapy. (hcplive.com)
A pair of new papers is fueling hope that a combination of next generation broadly neutralizing antibodies might be able to achieve long-term viral suppression of HIV without the need for a daily antiretroviral pill. (hcplive.com)
In the second study, 9 patients who had been taking ART stopped that therapy and instead underwent a series of infusions of the bNAb combination in order to see if viral suppression could be maintained without the use of antiretroviral therapy. (hcplive.com)
The second study, "Combination therapy with anti-HIV-1 antibodies maintains viral suppression," was published in Nature on the same day. (hcplive.com)
The filing is based on the results from the phase III TANGO study, which demonstrated adults living with HIV-1, who had maintained virologic suppression for at least six months on a tenofovir alafenamide fumarate (TAF)-containing regimen of at least three drugs, were able to maintain similar rates of virologic suppression after switching to the two-drug regimen (2DR) Dovato, compared to those who continued the TAF-containing regimen. (viivhealthcare.com)
With multidrug-resistant HIV, patients may be unable to maintain viral suppression on treatment, which puts them at risk of developing AIDS. (mdforlives.com)
For those who chose anti-retroviral treatment, especially those who took early monotherapy and duotherapy options that facilitated the development of resistant virus, survival was sometimes about hanging on until a newer, more powerful class of drugs was released and hoping they would result in viral suppression and increased T cells with few side effects if our current combo was no longer effective. (poz.com)

Ammaranond P , Cunningham P , Oelrichs R , Suzuki K , Harris C , Leas L , No increase in protease resistance and a decrease in reverse transcriptase resistance mutations in primary HIV-1 infection: 1992-2001. (cdc.gov)
No integrase strand inhibitor (INSTI) resistance-associated mutations were reported. (jnj.com)
The researchers exposed cultures of virus-infected cells to the drug to induce resistance mutations to occur - the method mimics the process that can occur in patients during antiviral treatment. (stjude.org)
In addition, covalent bond inhibitors can also reduce drug resistance caused by target mutations. (encyclopedia.pub)
It is an oral selective inhibitor of small molecule Kirsten rat sarcoma viral oncogene (KRAS) (G12C) mutations. (encyclopedia.pub)
While most small molecules function by interacting with their biological targets under equilibrium binding conditions, ligands that chemically modify proteins through the covalent bond formation can offer potential advantages, including improving ligand potency, prolonging the duration of action, enhancing the ability to overcome resistance mutations, and facilitating the identification of target proteins [ 5 ] . (encyclopedia.pub)
10 From 2000 to 2009, 14% of ART-naive patients with HIV had drug resistance mutations to at least one drug class, 2% had mutations with resistance for two or more classes, and less than 1% had mutations for triple-class resistance. (managedhealthcareexecutive.com)
Patients can harbor drug-resistant HIV either because the virus has developed drug-resistance mutations during the patient's treatment or because the strain that infected the patient was already drug-resistant (primary resistance). (mdforlives.com)
Eight had viral resistance mutations emerge, and four of these had resuppression of the virus. (mdforlives.com)

Yerly S , Vora S , Rizzardi P , Chave JP , Vernazza PL , Flepp M , Acute HIV infection: impact on the spread of HIV and transmission of drug resistance. (cdc.gov)
Harzic M , Pellegrin I , Deveau C , Chaix ML , Dubeaux B , Garrigue I , Genotypic drug resistance during HIV-1 primary infection in France (1996-1999): Frequency and response to treatment. (cdc.gov)
The World Health Organization guidelines on the use of antiretroviral drugs (ARVs) for HIV infection were first published in 2002 and subsequently revised in 2003, 2006 and 2010. (who.int)
HIV infection and a broad range of other health conditions including various noncommunicable diseases and coinfections such as tuberculosis, malaria, viral hepatitis, requiring better integration of and linkage to programmes to leverage broader health outcomes. (who.int)
Women at high risk for HIV infection, including injection drug users and women with multiple sex partners during their pregnancy, should be retested in their third trimester. (medscape.com)
The differential diagnosis includes other forms of viral hepatitis including mononucleosis and Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infections, autoimmune disease, and widespread systemic infection with liver failure. (medscape.com)
Hepatitis A virus (HAV) infection is the second most common form of viral hepatitis in the United States. (medscape.com)
13] The inflammation and necrosis observed during HAV infection does not appear to be a direct viral effect but rather an effect of the immune cell response induced by the viral infection. (medscape.com)
In a meta-analysis of data from 84 studies, additional factors that influenced adherence were the human development index (a composite measure based on a country's average life expectancy, education and standard of living), geo-graphical region, ethnicity, self-identification as a man who has sex with men, injection drug use, participation in methadone maintenance and clinical infection stage. (managedhealthcareexecutive.com)
The limiting antigen avidity enzyme immunoassay (LAg EIA) is widely used with HIV viral load (VL) in a recent infection testing algorithm (RITA) to improve classification of recent infection status, estimate population-level HIV incidence, and monitor trends in HIV transmission. (cdc.gov)
The rates of adverse medical events and antiretroviral resistance among women who acquired HIV-1 infection were similar in the two groups. (nih.gov)
It binds to CCR5, thus protecting healthy T cells from viral infection by blocking the predominant HIV (R5) subtype from entering those cells. (globaloncologyacademy.org)
Using in silico studies, they have identified few best-fit molecules of natural origin against identified targets which may give new drugs to combat HIV infection after wet lab validation. (tissueandcells.com)
The long latent phase of the virus, high mutational and replication rates which lead to drug resistance, and extensive genetic diversity caused difficulty in early detection of the disease as well as the complete eradication of infection. (tissueandcells.com)
A new tampon-like device (but not an actual tampon), developed by a team of bioengineers at the University of Washington, uses fibers that dissolve almost immediately after contacting moisture to deliver a high dose of the anti-HIV drug Selzentry (maraviroc), which could serve to prevent HIV infection. (hivplusmag.com)
Myriad Pharmaceuticals, Inc. is focused on discovering, developing and commercializing novel, small molecule drugs that address severe medical conditions, including cancer and HIV infection. (salesandmarketingnetwork.com)
In the new research, scientists from the German Center for Infection Research and the University Hospital Cologne partnered with Rockefeller University on a phase 1b clinical trial testing whether the combination of 2 new highly potent bNAbs (3BNC117 and 10-1074) might turn the tide and demonstrate efficacy similar to that of combination antiretroviral therapy. (hcplive.com)
Research Triangle Park, US, 16 October 2019 - ViiV Healthcare, the global specialist HIV company majority owned by GSK, with Pfizer Inc. and Shionogi Limited as shareholders, announced the submission of a supplemental New Drug Application to the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for Dovato (dolutegravir and lamivudine) as a switch treatment for HIV-1 infection in virologically suppressed adults on a stable antiretroviral regimen with no treatment failure. (viivhealthcare.com)
In the US, Dovato is currently approved as a complete, once-daily, single-tablet regimen of dolutegravir (DTG) 50 mg and lamivudine (3TC) 300 mg for the treatment of HIV-1 infection in adults with no antiretroviral treatment history and with no known resistance to either DTG or 3TC. (viivhealthcare.com)
50c/mL for at least six months, without prior virologic failure, no historical nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTI) or integrase inhibitor (INI) major resistance mutation, and no evidence of hepatitis B infection. (viivhealthcare.com)
The clinical hold has since been lifted, and on June 27, 2022, Gilead resubmitted its lenacapavir New Drug Application (NDA) for treatment of multi-drug resistant HIV-1 infection, along with evidence that a different kind of glass vial can be used safely. (mdforlives.com)
All patients were adults or adolescents (ages 12 and up) who had multi-drug resistant HIV-1 infection, with their current HIV therapy failing to control the infection. (mdforlives.com)
In some cases, vaccines can be used to treat an active viral infection. (opentextbooks.org.hk)
It is important to obtain testing for drug resistance and hepatitis co-infection before intitiation of ART, as these results can impact choice of regimen. (medscape.com)
Smokers with HIV lose more years of life from smoking than from viral infection. (who.int)

are virally suppressed for at least three months, and are not resistant to either of these drugs and do not have active Hepatitis B (as Cabotegravir cannot treat Hepatitis B, while a Tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF) and Tenofovir Alafenamide (TAF) regimen does). (theseoultimes.com)
Congratulations to the Tuberculosis Trials Consortium Drug Management Module Team, winner of the August 2017 National Center for HIV/AIDS, Viral Hepatitis, STD, and TB Prevention Director's Recognition Award! (cdc.gov)
In infections like hepatitis C and HIV, combination therapy is highly effective and greatly reduces the emergence of resistant viral variants. (stjude.org)
I had been prepared for a lifetime of taking these drugs and closely monitoring the hepatitis to try and prevent any liver damage. (hepb.org)
Acute viral hepatitis is the most common cause of jaundice in pregnancy. (medscape.com)
The clinical signs and symptoms are indistinguishable between the various forms of viral hepatitis, thus, the differential diagnosis requires serologic testing for a virus-specific diagnosis,[1, 2] and the diagnosis is by biochemical assessment of liver function. (medscape.com)
Patients presenting with jaundice during pregnancy often require a workup to differentiate obstructive gall bladder or bile duct disease, severe preeclampsia, HELLP (hemolysis, elevated liver enzyme levels, low platelet count), or acute fatty liver of pregnancy from viral hepatitis. (medscape.com)
In hepatitis A disease, feces contain the highest concentration of HAV viral particles, and viral excretion is highest late in the incubation and early in the prodromal phase. (medscape.com)

HIV integrase inhibitors prevent the virus from inserting its genetic material into a host cell, a necessary step for viral replication. (aidsmap.com)
Islatravir is a nucleoside transcription translocation inhibitor, it has a long half life, inhibits viral replication, and its multiple mechanisms of action contribute to its high potency and high barrier to resistance, including drug resistant viruses. (theseoultimes.com)
Promising new inhibitors that target the viral helicase-primase complex have been reported to block replication of herpes simplex and varicella-zoster viruses, but they have no activity against human cytomegalovirus (HCMV), another herpesvirus. (frontiersin.org)
The HCMV helicase-primase complex (pUL105-pUL102-pUL70) is essential for viral DNA replication and could thus be a relevant antiviral target. (frontiersin.org)
Mutational analysis of several of these amino acids both in pUL105 and pUL70, proved that they are crucial for viral replication. (frontiersin.org)
The current generation of anti-HIV drugs only suppressed viral replication. (tissueandcells.com)
One of the key factors of the lytic cycle is ORF57, a well-known protein present in KSHV that is essential for viral replication. (mappingignorance.org)
11 12 Through a series of complex biochemical processes, the interaction between ORF57 and the human protein complex hTREX 13 produces viral ribonucleoprotein particles (vRNPs, formed by viral proteins and genetic material) that are essential for the lytic replication of the virus. (mappingignorance.org)
Anti-HIV drugs have been able to control viral replication to the point that individuals receiving these drugs survive for a significantly longer time than the untreated. (opentextbooks.org.hk)
Anti-HIV drugs inhibit viral replication at many different phases of the HIV replicative cycle. (opentextbooks.org.hk)
By attacking the virus at different stages of its replication cycle, it is difficult for the virus to develop resistance to multiple drugs at the same time. (opentextbooks.org.hk)

The primary 48-week results, presented at the International AIDS Society meeting last summer in Rom e, showed that elvitegravir was well-tolerated and non-inferior to raltegravir in efficacy, with 59% vs 58% of participants in the two arms, respectively, achieving undetectable viral load. (aidsmap.com)
As HIV is increasingly treated as a life-long condition, we remain committed to ongoing research and development of further medicines to treat HIV more simply and to help all those living with HIV to achieve an undetectable viral load and have an improved quality of life. (jnj.com)
Once their viral load became undetectable they were given Cabotegravir/ Rilpivirine regimen. (theseoultimes.com)
ATLAS study involved people who were already on oral antiretroviral therapy and had undetectable viral load. (theseoultimes.com)
Two large observational studies of serodiscordant couples revealed that PLWHA who consistently take ART and maintain undetectable HIV viral loads do not transmit HIV to their sexual partners. (medscape.com)

New drugs targeting essential viral proteins other than pUL54 are therefore urgently needed. (frontiersin.org)
Moreover, small-molecule modulators that selectively bind to target proteins can be served not only as tools for understanding protein function but also as clues for drug discovery. (encyclopedia.pub)
As resistance against drugs targeting viral proteins emerges rapidly, we assessed the antiviral activity of already approved drugs that target cellular proteins involved in the viral life cycle and were orally bioavailable. (frontiersin.org)
The HIV capsid is a shell, consisting of protein subunits, that surrounds the viral genome and its associated proteins. (mdforlives.com)
For most viruses, these drugs inhibit the virus by blocking the actions of one or more of its proteins. (opentextbooks.org.hk)
It is important that the targeted proteins be encoded for by viral genes and that these molecules are not present in a healthy host cell. (opentextbooks.org.hk)
Drugs have been developed that inhibit the fusion of the HIV viral envelope with the plasma membrane of the host cell (fusion inhibitors), the conversion of its RNA genome to double-stranded DNA (reverse transcriptase inhibitors), the integration of the viral DNA into the host genome (integrase inhibitors), and the processing of viral proteins (protease inhibitors). (opentextbooks.org.hk)

Declining nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor primary resistance in San Francisco, 2000-2003. (cdc.gov)
The investigational HIV integrase inhibitor elvitegravir taken once daily continued to perform as well as twice-daily raltegravir ( Isentress ) at 96 weeks for treatment-experienced people with extensive drug resistance, according to data presented last week at the 19th International AIDS Conference in Washington, DC. (aidsmap.com)
Richard Elion from Whitman-Walker Health presented long term data from a head-to-head phase III randomised controlled trial comparing 150mg elvitegravir once daily or 400mg raltegravir twice daily, both in combination with a fully active boosted protease inhibitor plus a third drug. (aidsmap.com)
Although all participants had used - and a majority had developed resistance to - at least two antiretroviral drug classes, they were able to construct viable regimens using a ritonavir-boosted protease inhibitor and an active third agent such as etravirine ( Intelence ), maraviroc ( Celsentri or Selzentry ) or a nucleoside/nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitor. (aidsmap.com)
If approved, this treatment could be the first two-drug regimen for HIV and could offer those living with HIV who are virally suppressed the option to switch to a regimen which does not include a nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NRTI). (jnj.com)
Clinical trial data released by pharmaceutical company Boehringer Ingelheim at the 44th Interscience Conference on Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy in Washington, D.C., on its experimental protease inhibitor tipranavir show that the drug is effective in treating HIV that has developed resistance to other protease inhibitors. (advocate.com)
Twenty-four-week data from a Phase III clinical trial of the drug show that a greater percentage of treatment-experienced HIV patients achieved a significantly higher treatment response to a tipranavir-based regimen than to other protease inhibitor-based regimens. (advocate.com)
The inhibitor drug blocks the function of the endonuclease by plugging into it like a key fits into a lock. (stjude.org)
In this research, the scientists explored if influenza viruses would evolve resistance when exposed to an experimental endonuclease inhibitor called RO-7, a drug similar to others in advanced clinical trial. (stjude.org)
More and more covalent drugs have been reported and even successfully applied in clinical, such as the proton pump inhibitor omeprazole, the anticoagulant clopidogrel, and the non-small-cell lung cancer inhibitor afatinib, which made people re-recognize the potential of covalent drugs. (encyclopedia.pub)
For example, MRTX849 (adagrasib), developed by Mirati Therapeutics, has been identified as a highly selective covalent inhibitor of KRAS (G12C) and is currently in phase I/II clinical studies. (encyclopedia.pub)
We conducted a phase 3, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of a monthly vaginal ring containing dapivirine, a non-nucleoside HIV-1 reverse-transcriptase inhibitor, involving women between the ages of 18 and 45 years in Malawi, South Africa, Uganda, and Zimbabwe. (nih.gov)
Leronlimab amongst many things, is a viral-entry inhibitor in HIV/AIDS. (globaloncologyacademy.org)
We are especially enthusiastic to see the data from Azixa efficacy trials by the end of 2009, as well as to begin a Phase 2b trial for our HIV maturation inhibitor later this year," said Adrian Hobden, Ph.D., President and Chief Executive Officer of Myriad Pharmaceuticals. (salesandmarketingnetwork.com)
Although more than 25 antiretroviral medications are available from 6 major classes, an ART regimen for treatment-naive patients generally consists of 2 nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs) in combination with a third active ART drug from 1 of 3 drug classes: an integrase strand transfer inhibitor (INSTI), a non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI), or a protease inhibitor (PI) with a pharmacologic enhancer (ie, cobicistat or ritonavir). (medscape.com)

The high genetic variability of influenza A viruses poses a continual challenge to seasonal and pandemic vaccine development, leaving antiviral drugs as the first line of defense against antigenically different strains or new subtypes. (frontiersin.org)
Multidrug-resistant (MDR) HIV refers to strains of HIV with reduced susceptibility to drugs within all three classes of antiretroviral therapies (ARTs). (managedhealthcareexecutive.com)
2,4,5 Transmission of multi-drug-resistant strains of HIV is rare. (managedhealthcareexecutive.com)
Modern massive parallel sequencing (MPS) technologies, on the contrary, have the opportunity to allow in-depth characterization of sequence variation in more complex populations, including low-frequency viral strains. (biomedcentral.com)
However, one of the challenges in the detection of low-frequency viral strains concerns the errors introduced during the sequencing process. (biomedcentral.com)
A new HIV vaccine is moving into a Phase IIb trial and could potentially protect patients against multiple HIV strains worldwide. (labiotech.eu)

Scientists at St. Jude Children's Research Hospital have identified a mutation that would enable the influenza virus to become resistant to a promising new class of drugs. (stjude.org)
That mutation subtly alters the enzyme's shape such that the drug no longer fits into the enzyme molecule to inactivate it. (stjude.org)
There is early evidence that the mutation is clinically significant, because scientists conducting clinical trials have observed the same mutation in patients undergoing treatment with similar drugs. (stjude.org)
In key experiments, the team's structural biologists established how the resistance mutation warped the viral endonuclease molecule to render the drug unable to plug into its target. (stjude.org)
An open-label, multi-centre, randomised, switch study to evaluate the virological efficacy over 96 weeks of 2-drug therapy with DTG+RPV FDC in antiretroviral treatment-experienced HIV-1 infected subjects virologically suppressed with NNRTIs resistance mutation K103N. (clinicaltrialsregister.eu)
It not only inhibits KRAS mutation almost completely in vivo, but also exhibits favorable drug-like properties [ 3 ] . (encyclopedia.pub)
When any of these drugs are used individually, the virus' high mutation rate allows the virus to rapidly evolve resistance to the drug. (opentextbooks.org.hk)
Viral supression allows for immunologic improvement (as measured by CD4 counts), prevents the selection of drug-resistance mutation, and decreases HIV transmission to others. (medscape.com)
Sequencing of the neuraminidase gene showed that the resistant viruses contained an H275Y mutation, and S247N was also identified in the neuraminidase gene of one seasonal influenza A(H1N1) virus that exhibited enhanced resistance. (who.int)

The course of most viral infections is not affected by pregnancy. (medscape.com)
Two classes of approved drugs against influenza A virus infections have been available for years: adamantane-based M2 ion channel blockers, which prevent acidification of the endosome and therefore release of the viral particles into the cytosol ( 10 ), and neuraminidase inhibitors, which prevent the release of newly formed viral particles from infected cells ( 11 ). (frontiersin.org)
Although most drugs under development for treatment of viral infections are expected to undergo certain minimum toxicity and pharmacological studies, it is understood that the number, sequence and variety of such studies will vary in relation to the anticipated toxicity, pharmacology, clinical application and pace of drug development. (fda.gov)
Another way of treating viral infections is the use of antiviral drugs. (opentextbooks.org.hk)
There are large numbers of antiviral drugs available to treat infections, some specific for a particular virus and others that can affect multiple viruses. (opentextbooks.org.hk)
Other antiviral drugs, such as Ribavirin, have been used to treat a variety of viral infections. (opentextbooks.org.hk)

Milestones for the intravenous (i.v.) infusion dosage form: 2003: completed a phase-1a clinical trial for i.v. infusion dosage form. (wikipedia.org)
2012: completed a phase-1 clinical trial for s.c. injection dosage form. (wikipedia.org)
2013: initiated a phase-1/2 clinical trial for s.c. and i.m. injection dosage forms (on-going). (wikipedia.org)
2015: initiated a phase-3 clinical trial for i.v. infusion dosage form (on-going). (wikipedia.org)
About 34.7% of the treatment-experienced patients receiving tipranavir in the clinical trial reduced blood-based viral loads to under 400 copies after 24 weeks of treatment, compared with just 16.5% of those taking other protease inhibitors. (advocate.com)
The team studies drug logistics and data collection for Study 31, a Phase III treatment-shortening trial for drug-susceptible TB being conducted at 22 domestic and international clinical trial sites, which are managed through an online system known as TBTC2. (cdc.gov)
UConn Health has started recruiting ovarian cancer patients for a phase I clinical trial of OncoImmunome, a novel genomics-driven personalized immunotherapy. (uconn.edu)
and * MPC-4326 (bevirimat dimeglumine), a small molecule, novel mechanism of action drug candidate for the treatment of HIV, expected to begin a Phase 2b clinical trial in the second half of 2009. (salesandmarketingnetwork.com)
A recent lenacapavir Phase 3 clinical trial with 72 HIV-positive patients reported promising results. (mdforlives.com)

Booster drugs are used to 'boost' the effects of protease inhibitors and some other antiretrovirals. (aidsmap.com)
Tipranavir is a nonpeptide drug, unlike other protease inhibitors, and its unique chemical makeup allows it to remain effective even for patients resistant to other drugs in its class, company officials say. (advocate.com)

The virus can develop resistance to these existing drugs, known as neuraminidase inhibitors. (stjude.org)
Significantly, the emergence of resistance to RO-7 took a similar time course as viral resistance to the current neuraminidase inhibitors. (stjude.org)

Both studies were conducted in treatment-naive patients with a baseline viral load of less than 500,000 copies/ml, and found dolutegravir plus lamivudine to be non-inferior to a triple combination of dolutegravir, tenofovir and emtricitabine. (evaluate.com)

HIV drug-resistance testing is also recommended in patients changing ART regimens who have virologic failure and HIV-RNA levels greater than 200 copies/mL, and in those with suboptimal viral load reduction. (managedhealthcareexecutive.com)
The treatment was well-tolerated in all patients, and 4 of the patients saw viral load reductions averaging 2.05 log10 copies per milliliter. (hcplive.com)
During the first 15 days in cohort 1, 88% of active treatment and 17% of placebo patients achieved a reduction in the RNA viral load from baseline of at least 0.5 log 10 copies per milliliter plasma, which was the primary endpoint. (mdforlives.com)
At week 26, while on lenacapavir, 81% of Cohort 1 patients and 83% of Cohort 2 patients had a viral load below 50 copies per milliliter. (mdforlives.com)

The sole approved drug in this class, raltegravir, has demonstrated long-term efficacy and minimal toxicity, though it has a relatively low barrier to resistance. (aidsmap.com)
Seattle, WA, 13 February 2017 - Janssen Sciences Ireland UC (Janssen) announced positive results from the full data read out for two Phase III studies evaluating the safety and efficacy of switching virologically suppressed patients from a three- or four-drug antiretroviral regimen to the two-drug regimen of dolutegravir (ViiV Healthcare) and rilpivirine (Janssen). (jnj.com)
Three key phase-3 studies- FLAIR, ATLAS and ATLAS 2M- have evaluated the safety and efficacy of long-acting Cabotegravir/ Rilpivirine injection for treatment of HIV, with Orkin being the lead author of the FLAIR study. (theseoultimes.com)
Efficacy assessment in mice revealed that dextromethorphan consistently resulted in a significant reduction of viral lung titers and also enhanced the efficacy of oseltamivir. (frontiersin.org)
Kimberly Smith, M.D., Head of Research & Development at ViiV Healthcare, said: "The TANGO study shows virologically suppressed adults with HIV-1 looking to switch their treatment can get the efficacy of a three-drug TAF-containing regimen with Dovato, a two-drug regimen. (viivhealthcare.com)
TANGO (NCT03446573) is a phase III, randomized, open-label, active-controlled, multicenter study to assess the antiviral efficacy and safety of switching to a 2DR consisting of DTG/3TC in HIV-infected adults who are virologically suppressed and on a stable antiretroviral regimen with no treatment failure. (viivhealthcare.com)
6 Oseltamivir-resistance in influenza should be closely monitored to determine if the continued efficacy of oseltamivir warrants its use for influenza. (who.int)
7 Such work not only determines the present efficacy of the drug but also reveals important information on the genesis of anti-viral drug resistance in influenza viruses. (who.int)

Unfortunately, unlike with ART, combinations of first-generation bNAbs have so far failed to show a significant impact on viral load. (hcplive.com)

Causes of viral rebound can include drug resistance, poor adherence to an HIV treatment regimen or interrupting treatment. (aidsmap.com)

Budigalimab, a monoclonal antibody that blocks the PD-1 receptor on immune cells, was associated with delayed HIV rebound or sustained low viral load in a majority of people who interrupted antiretroviral therapy (ART), according to a small pilot study presented at the 19th European AIDS Conference (EACS 2023) in Warsaw last week. (aidsmap.com)
Biweekly administration of budigalimab 10mg IV for four doses led to delayed viral rebound and/or ART-free viral control in six of nine participants completing treatment, with two participants remaining off ART until the end of the study. (aidsmap.com)

Post-attachment inhibitors are a subclass of HIV drugs called entry inhibitors. (wikipedia.org)
The research focused on a drug belonging to a new class of compounds called endonuclease inhibitors, which target a viral enzyme that the influenza virus needs to duplicate its genetic material. (stjude.org)
Therefore, compared with classical non-covalent inhibitors, covalent inhibitors have many potential benefits such as prolonging the duration of action, improving ligand efficiency, avoiding drug resistance when targeting amino acids required for enzyme catalysis, and targeting the non-conserved amino acids in high selectivity [ 4 ] . (encyclopedia.pub)
Results: Amino acid substitution (K103N and V106MV) at drug resistance positions occurred in two (11%) isolates, conferring high-level resistance to the non-nucleoside reverse-transcriptase inhibitors nevirapine (NVP), efavirenz (EFV), delavirdine (DLV) and notably extensive genetic variations were observed. (convencaodebruxas.com.br)

Ministers said the emergency response would now move to a new 'treatment' phase across the UK as there may soon be 100,000 new cases a day. (bbc.co.uk)

Glaxo is extremely optimistic about the potency of its dolutegravir-lamivudine doublet: the recruitment criteria for the Gemini trials were changed mid-study to include patients with much higher viral loads, who should be harder to treat. (evaluate.com)

The SWORD Phase III results represent an important step forward in our efforts to deliver a two-drug regimen that may help simplify dosing regimens and reduce pill burden for people living with HIV," says Lawrence M. Blatt, Global R&D Head, Infectious Diseases & Vaccines, Janssen. (jnj.com)
As would be expected when switching from a stable regimen to a new regimen (in most cases containing two new drugs), more adverse events were reported and led to withdrawal from the study in the DTG+RPV arm (DTG+RPV: 21, CAR: 3). (jnj.com)
The participants who failed the regimen developed resistance for both Cabotegravir and Rilpivirine. (theseoultimes.com)
This regimen is based on experimental/clinical observations that suggest infusion schedules may improve the therapeutic index of natural product-derived cytotoxics, and that high-dose alkylator therapy can overcome drug resistance in lymphoma. (cancer.gov)
2 Resistance typically develops as a result of selective drug pressure during treatment with a particular regimen. (managedhealthcareexecutive.com)

Time trends for A) proportion of persons in the acute phase infected with a resistant viral strain, B) disease prevalence in the population, and C) resistance prevalence in the population. (cdc.gov)

Inhibiting this activity would therefore prevent the change of shape of the hTREX complex and stop its interaction with the viral protein. (mappingignorance.org)

On March 6, 2018, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved ibalizumab for multidrug-resistant HIV-1. (wikipedia.org)
The toxicity of existing drugs and the emergence of the multidrug-resistant virus make the treatment worse. (tissueandcells.com)
These features increase the chances the new drug will be effective against multidrug-resistant HIV. (mdforlives.com)

Bezemer D , Jurriaans S , Prins M , van der Hoek L , Prins JM , de Wolf F , Declining trend in transmission of drug-resistant HIV-1 in Amsterdam. (cdc.gov)
de Mendoza C , Rodríguez C , Eiros JM , Colomina J , García F , Leiva P , Antiretroviral recommendations may influence the rate of transmission of drug-resistant HIV type 1. (cdc.gov)
Treatment-experienced people may have taken several different regimens before and may have a strain of HIV that is resistant to multiple drug classes. (aidsmap.com)
The National Tuberculosis Molecular Surveillance Center will advance CDC, state, and local TB control programs' abilities to identify and investigate outbreaks of TB, and strengthen surveillance of drug-resistant TB. (cdc.gov)
The researchers compared the structure of the drug attached to either non-resistant or resistant enzyme. (stjude.org)
Such detailed information will aid development of improved forms of the drug that could thwart the virus's ability to mutate to become resistant. (stjude.org)
Very recently outbreaks have been recorded in Thailand and Cambodia of malaria parasites that are fully resistant to all drugs, including the "wonder drug" artemisinin . (aighd.org)
between 1996 and 1998 (n = 63, 200), 47.7% of samples collected demonstrated resistance to two or more classes of ARTs and 13.1% were resistant to all three classes. (managedhealthcareexecutive.com)
Rates of transmitted drug-resistant HIV have fluctuated over time. (managedhealthcareexecutive.com)
11 In an observational study from 2000 to 2006, 8% of patients with HIV who received prior ART therapy displayed triple-class resistance, with an overall incidence rate of 13 triple-class resistant cases per 1,000 person-years of ART exposure. (managedhealthcareexecutive.com)
The non-compliant, and those with a higher viral load when treatment begins, are more likely to develop mutated forms of the HIV virus, which can become drug-resistant. (evaluate.com)
The importance of surveillance for resistance to oseltamivir has been highlighted by two global events: the emergence of an oseltamivir-resistant seasonal influenza A(H1N1) virus in 2008, and emergence of the influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 virus in 2009. (who.int)
To determine the frequency of oseltamivir-resistance in the context of a medicine reclassification in 2007, the importation of an oseltamivir-resistant seasonal influenza virus in 2008, and the emergence of a pandemic in 2009. (who.int)

1 Although up to 76% patients develop resistance, estimates vary considerably based on viral load, prior ART exposure, treatment duration and patient adherence. (managedhealthcareexecutive.com)
The difficulty in developing effective treatments for HIV comes in large part from the virus' ability to quickly mutate and develop resistance to treatments. (labiotech.eu)

The secondary endpoints were changes in anti-PGT121 antibody titers and CD4 + T-cell count, and development of HIV-1 sequence variations associated with PGT121 resistance. (nature.com)
The leronlimab antibody appears to be a powerful antiviral agent with fewer side effects and less frequent dosing requirements than currently used daily drug therapies. (globaloncologyacademy.org)
As with antiretroviral therapy, while broadly neutralizing antibody (bNAb) therapy appears to result in a significant reduction in viral load, administration of a single antibody therapy tends to result in a short-lived benefit as the viral develops resistance. (hcplive.com)

In addition to the results from the phase 1b study using lenacapavir with dual bNAbs as a six-monthly combination [1, 2], many other studies reported on different aspects of this long-acting new drug. (i-base.info)
A potential antiretroviral drug called lenacapavir uses a new mechanism that is not employed by any current HIV drug. (mdforlives.com)
Lenacapavir targets the HIV viral capsid, making it active against multiple stages of the viral life cycle, and is long-acting. (mdforlives.com)
In February 2022, the FDA sent a Complete Response Letter to Gilead, the company developing lenacapavir, because of concerns regarding compatibility between the drug and the borosilicate glass vials used to contain it. (mdforlives.com)
Lenacapavir was studied in the Phase 3 CAPELLA trial, which was a 52-week, international study conducted in 11 countries. (mdforlives.com)
These patients participated in an open-label study with an initial period of oral lenacapavir followed by injections of the drug every six months. (mdforlives.com)
Nineteen CAPELLA patients were evaluated for the emergence of resistance to lenacapavir. (mdforlives.com)

PGT121 reduced plasma HIV RNA levels by a median of 1.77 log in viremic participants, with a viral load nadir at a median of 8.5 days. (nature.com)
We compared clinical outcomes among HIV-infected participants receiving ART who were randomized to viral load (VL) and CD4 cell count monitoring in comparison to CD4 cell count monitoring alone in Tororo, Uganda. (biomedcentral.com)
Though the research is based on a small pool of participants, it suggests combining anti-HIV antibodies could help defeat resistance and suppress the virus. (hcplive.com)

Two other oral presentations at CROI reported on mechanisms of capsid activity, and how this compound is active at both early stage of the viral life cycle by distrupting the capsid before integration into the nucleus, but also, and perhaps more importantly, at the late stage by preventing maturation of new viral capsid. (i-base.info)
To infect a host cell, the virus must "uncoat," or disassemble its capsid, to release the viral nucleic acid. (mdforlives.com)
Later, capsid subunits must assemble around newly replicated viral RNA before the virus is released from the host cell. (mdforlives.com)

Based on the antigenic properties of these viral glycoproteins, influenza A viruses are classified into different subtypes. (frontiersin.org)
A total of 1795 influenza viruses were tested for oseltamivir-resistance using a fluorometric neuraminidase inhibition assay. (who.int)
Over the last decade there has been an extensive amount of research into the development and occurrence of antiviral drug resistance in human influenza viruses. (who.int)
8 This allowance was made with an expectation that influenza viruses from the community would be monitored for the potential development of oseltamivir-resistance. (who.int)
Preceding the 2007/2008 northern hemisphere season, instances of oseltamivir-resistance occurred at low levels in seasonal human influenza viruses. (who.int)
10 Increased occurrence of resistance in influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 viruses has been detected in community samples in the United Kingdom, 11 and sustained community transmission has been reported in Australia. (who.int)

However, their precise site of action has not been elucidated to date and these drugs are not active against the beta-herpesviruses like HCMV ( Dropulic and Cohen, 2010 ). (frontiersin.org)

Before this study there was limited information on the resistance pattern of this [new] class of drugs," said corresponding author Elena Govorkova, M.D., Ph.D., of the St. Jude Department of Infectious Diseases . (stjude.org)
In addition to identifying dextromethorphan as a potential influenza treatment option, our study illustrates the feasibility of a bioinformatics-driven rational approach for repurposing approved drugs against infectious diseases. (frontiersin.org)
These drugs often have limited ability to cure viral disease but have been used to control and reduce symptoms for a wide variety of viral diseases. (opentextbooks.org.hk)

Neutralizing anti-drug antibodies were not elicited. (nature.com)

de Mendoza C , del Romero J , Rodríguez C , Corral A , Soriano V . Decline in the rate of genotypic resistance to antiretroviral drugs in recent HIV seroconverters in Madrid. (cdc.gov)
Specimens from these individuals were subjected to genotypic drug resistance testing. (convencaodebruxas.com.br)
Genotypic and phenotypic methods are commonly used for detecting antiviral resistance in clinical HIV-1 and HCV specimens. (biomedcentral.com)

Those who failed either had some underlying resistance to Rilpivirine at baseline, or had low levels of Rilpivirine at 8 weeks, or had any of the two HIV subtypes (A6/A1). (theseoultimes.com)

The biochemical and physiological effects of drugs and their mechanisms of action in the body. (aidsmap.com)
Identification of clinical mechanisms of drug resistance. (cancer.gov)
Also, equally important, Azixa does not appear to be subject to multiple drug resistance (MDR) mechanisms. (salesandmarketingnetwork.com)
Research suggests that Azixa may be immune to these resistance mechanisms and may have the potential to provide a long-term effective therapeutic option. (salesandmarketingnetwork.com)

The development of effective, safe, and low-cost anti-HIV drugs is among the top global priority. (tissueandcells.com)
Thus, new anti-HIV drugs are constantly being developed with the hope of continuing the battle against this highly fatal virus. (opentextbooks.org.hk)

Simon V , Vanderhoeven J , Hurley A , Ramratnam B , Louie M , Dawson K , Evolving patterns of HIV-1 resistance to antiretroviral agents in newly infected individuals. (cdc.gov)
Routy JP , Machouf N , Edwardes MD , Brenner BG , Thomas R , Trottier B , Factors associated with a decrease in the prevalence of drug resistance in newly HIV-1 infected individuals in Montreal. (cdc.gov)
Boden D , Hurley A , Zhang L , Cao Y , Guo Y , Jones E , HIV-1 drug resistance in newly infected individuals. (cdc.gov)
For newly diagnosed patients, the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services recommends testing for HIV drug resistance at entry into care. (managedhealthcareexecutive.com)

ViVaMBC is optimized to call variants at the codon level (nucleotide triplets) which enables immediate biological interpretation of the variants with respect to their antiviral drug responses. (biomedcentral.com)

In vitro , overexpression of the mdr-1 gene product, P-glycoprotein (Pgp), in tumor cells can confer high-level resistance to natural product-derived cytotoxics-anthracyclines, vinca alkaloids, epipodophyllotoxins, and taxanes. (cancer.gov)

Leronlimab has been studied in 16 clinical trials involving more than 1,200 people and met its primary endpoints in a pivotal Phase 3 trial (leronlimab combined with HIV standard care in patients with multi-drug resistance to current available classes of HIV drugs). (globaloncologyacademy.org)

Using this same strategy for flu, a new class of drug offers potential for multi-drug therapy and possibly improved influenza-fighting drugs. (stjude.org)
The most advanced of these drugs are now in late stage clinical trials, and would represent the first new approved class of influenza therapeutics in nearly 20 years. (stjude.org)
Influenza drugs are an important second line of defense, but there is only a single class available. (stjude.org)
Thus, antiviral drugs are an essential component of pandemic response scenarios and play an important role in reducing disease severity during seasonal influenza epidemics. (frontiersin.org)
For influenza, drugs like Tamiflu can reduce the duration of "flu" symptoms by one or two days, but the drug does not prevent symptoms entirely. (opentextbooks.org.hk)
La información en esta página debería ser considerada como ejemplos de información de antecedentes para la temporada de influenza 2021-2022 para la práctica médica respecto del uso de medicamentos antivirales contra la influenza. (cdc.gov)
Actualización sobre el virus la influenza aviar A (H5N1) en los seres humanos. (cdc.gov)

KEGG pathway analysis showed that the differential genes of LUAD were significantly enriched in viral carcinogenesis and adhesion spots. (hindawi.com)
The drug should be discontinued if blood pressure rises significantly or is persistent, or if severe migraines occur. (uspharmacist.com)
Five clinical trials have demonstrated leronlimab could significantly reduce or control HIV viral load in humans. (globaloncologyacademy.org)

Toxicity testing is a stepwise process that allows progressive refinement in the understanding of the interactions between a drug and physiological systems. (fda.gov)
The initiation, completion and submission of supporting nonclinical toxicity studies should be integrated with the appropriate phases of clinical development. (fda.gov)

Poorly operating health systems can lead to reduced patient drug adherence, which is the single most important reason why resistance develops. (aighd.org)
21 Together, these barriers result in variable adherence to daily tablets, which has a strong association with viral load. (managedhealthcareexecutive.com)

A virus variant model-based clustering method, ViVaMBC, is presented that explores quality scores and second best base calls for identifying and quantifying viral variants. (biomedcentral.com)
ViVaMBC is the first method to call viral variants directly at the codon level. (biomedcentral.com)

Globally, HCMV represents the first viral cause of birth defect, leading to severe congenital malformations ( Leruez-Ville and Ville, 2017 ). (frontiersin.org)
Non-compliant patients are more likely to see viral breakthroughs, which have been seen in previous studies and have prompted concerns that the doublet will only be suitable for certain patients ( Glaxo runs into double trouble in HIV , 27 July 2017 ). (evaluate.com)

especially for those subgroups who have one or more factors historically associated with lower response rates to interferon-based therapies (e.g. advanced fibrosis/cirrhosis, high baseline viral concentrations, black race, IL28B non CC genotype, prior null response to peginterferon alfa and ribavirin therapy). (medicines.org.uk)
In the setting of transmitted drug resistance, the choice of antiretroviral therapy should be tailored according the the results of resistance (typically genotype) testing. (medscape.com)

With antiretroviral drugs, researchers have previously found that administering a single therapy is usually ineffective, since the virus quickly develops resistance to the drug. (hcplive.com)
When HIV develops resistance to commonly used drugs, patients and doctors are faced with a difficult situation. (mdforlives.com)

Anatomy8

Organisms22

Diseases14

Chemicals and Drugs103

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment36

Phenomena and Processes76

Disciplines and Occupations2

Anthropology, Education, Sociology and Social Phenomena2

Information Science5

Health Care6

Geographicals4

Suppression14

Mutations9

Infection25

Hepatitis8

Replication11

Undetectable5

Proteins7

Inhibitor15

Strains6

Mutation9

Infections6

Clinical trial9

Protease inhibitors2

Neuraminidase inhibitors2

Baseline viral load1

Copies4

Efficacy8

Impact on viral1

Interrupting treatment1

Rebound2

Inhibitors4

100,0001

Loads1

Regimen5

Acute1

Protein1

Multidrug-resistant3

Resistant13

Develop resistance2

Antibody3

Lenacapavir7

Participants3

Capsid3

Viruses6

Herpesviruses1

Diseases3

Antibodies1

Genotypic3

Subtypes1

Mechanisms4

Anti-HIV drugs2

Newly4

Antiviral drug1

High-level resistance1

Patients with multi-drug resis1

Influenza7

Significantly3

Toxicity2

Adherence2

Variants2

20172

Genotype2

Develops resistance2