Phagocytosis cell. Medical search. Frequent questions

In fact, in patients suffering from severe COVID-19, massive infiltration of proinflammatory immune cells, including activated macrophages, was detected in infected lung tissue. (nature.com)
Although apoptotic cells are known to be efficiently phagocytosed by macrophages, the mechanisms whereby their interaction with the phagocytes triggers their engulfment have not been described in mammals. (nih.gov)
Here, we report that primary murine bone marrow-derived macrophages (using alpha(v)beta(3) integrin for apoptotic cell uptake) extend lamellipodia to engulf apoptotic cells and form an actin cup where phosphotyrosine accumulates. (nih.gov)
Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Derived Dermcidin-Containing Migrasomes enhance LC3-Associated Phagocytosis of Pulmonary Macrophages and Protect against Post-Stroke Pneumonia. (physiciansweekly.com)
By then evidences were mounting that leucocytes can perform cell eating just like protists, but it was not until Metchnikoff showed that specific leukocytes (in his case macrophages) eat cell that the role of phagocytosis in immunity was realised. (wikipedia.org)
In multicellular organisms, and more particularly in animals with a well-developed immune system, phagocytosis is mostly performed by specialized, professional phagocytes: macrophages, dendritic cells (DCs), and neutrophils. (frontiersin.org)
Cell biology of phagocytosis has been mainly established on bone marrow-derived tissue macrophages. (frontiersin.org)
Particularly, yolk sac-derived macrophages including microglia may possibly have different tasks since they are confronted with different target structures, mainly apoptotic cells during developmental tissue remodeling, while bone marrow-derived macrophages have a higher chance to be confronted with pathogens, mainly during defense against invading microbes. (frontiersin.org)
Phagocytosis was performed by incubation of macrophages for 30 minutes with EA or LA cells in the presence of human serum (HS) and depicted as phagocytosis index (PI, number of Jurkatt internalized by 100 macrophages). (biomedcentral.com)
SAP binds to late apoptotic cells and is involved in the phagocytosis of these cells by human monocyte derived macrophages. (biomedcentral.com)
Immune cell responses induced by DAMPs may include cytokine and chemokine release to activate inflammatory cells such as neutrophils and macrophages. (nature.com)
These amoeba-like cells are a type of phagocyte called macrophages. (medlineplus.gov)
OBJECTIVE: To study the phagocytosis of macrophages on the early biofilm cells of E. coli on polydimethylsiloxane, a biomaterial with different surface hardness. (syr.edu)
CFU cell counting, flow cytometry and inverted fluorescence microscope were used to detect the difference in macrophages Phagocytosis of E. coli biofilm cells on surface hardness materials. (syr.edu)
CFU cell count was applied to detect macrophages phagocytosis of E. coli biofilm cells on materials with different surface hardness. (syr.edu)
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) Bacteria were inoculated first and then macrophages were added to the experiment: CFU cell count, flow cytometry technology and inverted fluorescence microscope detection showed that as the surface hardness of the material increased, the phagocytosis of macrophages increased and the number of E. coli biofilm cells decreased. (syr.edu)
2) Macrophages were inoculated first and then bacteria were added to the experiment: CFU cell count test showed that as the surface hardness of the material increased, the phagocytosis of macrophages increased and the number of bacterial cells decreased. (syr.edu)
3) The results show that with the increase of the hardness of polydimethylsiloxane, the efficiency of macrophages phagocytosis of E. coli biofilm cells is higher. (syr.edu)
Fc receptor-mediated phagocytosis occurs in macrophages at exceedingly low cytosolic Ca2+ levels. (silverchair.com)
Cytosolic free Ca2+ ([Ca2+]i) homeostasis was investigated in mouse peritoneal macrophages and in the macrophage-like cell line J774. (silverchair.com)
Macrophages, as one of the most abundant tumor-infiltrating cells, play an important role in tumor development and metastasis. (springer.com)
Pro-inflammatory M1 macrophages hold the potential to engulf tumor cells. (springer.com)
Moreover, the genetic engineering of macrophages with chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) allows them to recognize tumor antigens and perform tumor cell-specific phagocytosis. (springer.com)
In the wild-type embryo, these dead cells are rapidly engulfed and cleared by macrophages. (bris.ac.uk)
CD64 is a 72 kD single chain type I glycoprotein also known as FcγRI and FcR I. CD64 is a member of the immunoglobulin superfamily and is expressed on monocytes/macrophages, dendritic cells, and activated granulocytes. (biolegend.com)
These studies yield the effects expected for poorly soluble particles in the rat on the alveolar macrophages, in cluding inflammation and increased cell proliferation. (europa.eu)

In vivo, apoptotic cells are removed by surrounding phagocytes, a process thought to be essential for tissue remodeling and the resolution of inflammation [1]. (nih.gov)
The history of phagocytosis is an account of the discoveries of cells, known as phagocytes, that are capable of eating other cells or particles, and how that eventually established the science of immunology. (wikipedia.org)
Phagocytosis has been traditionally studied in pathological conditions, leading to the assumption that microglia have to be activated in order to become efficient phagocytes. (frontiersin.org)
Serum components, like serum amyloid P component (SAP), together with membrane receptors on phagocytes play essential roles in the phagocytosis of apoptotic cells. (biomedcentral.com)
As pHrodo ® labeled cells residing in the neutral extracellular solution (pH 7.4) are engulfed by phagocytes and enter the acidic phagosome (pH 4.5-5.5), a substantial increase in fluorescence is observed. (sartorius.com)
In the absence of phagocytes, the fluorescence intensity of the labeled cells remains low. (sartorius.com)
C3b and C4b bind to CR1, which is present on various phagocytes and also on erythrocytes and B cells. (medscape.com)
At the inoculation site, amastigotes are maintained in the interior of the mononuclear phagocytes, and the immunoreactions elicited by these cells are associated with different types of nodular lesions or ulcers. (biomedcentral.com)
It can be assessed on both the population and single-cell level of the phagocytes, separating adhesion and internalization. (lu.se)
discovered phagocytes and phagocytosis in 1883. (pasteur.fr)
After discovering phagocytes and phagocytosis in 1883, Ilya Mechnikov fought long and hard to win acceptance for his theory. (pasteur.fr)
and foreign particles by phagocytic cells (PHAGOCYTES). (bvsalud.org)

In addition, these studies suggest that intracellular signaling via CR3 is usually proinflammatory and harmful in AD and that C3-brought on phagocytosis of A is beneficial when mediated by receptors other than CR3. (nos-nop.org)
Efficient phagocytosis also depends on recognition of ligands, intracellular signaling by multiple receptors, successful endosomal trafficking, lysosomal digestion and product recycling, and protection of surrounding cells from bystander cytotoxic effects (46). (nos-nop.org)
It has been shown that intracellular PI3K signaling brought on by Galectin-3 is crucial for activating CR3-mediated microglial phagocytosis of myelin (47, 48). (nos-nop.org)
In this review, we summarized the current knowledge of hemocyte-mediated phagocytosis, in particular focusing on the related receptors for recognition and internalization of pathogens as well as the downstream signal pathways and intracellular regulators involved in the process of hemocyte phagocytosis. (frontiersin.org)
In Staphylococcus aureus, rsbU down-regulates agr and stimulates production of staphyloxanthin (STX), an antioxidant that may contribute to intracellular survival after phagocytosis. (illinois.edu)

[ 1 ] Immune adherence refers to the process by which bacteria coated with immunoglobulin G (IgG) or immunoglobulin M (IgM) antibody and C3b adhere to erythrocytes, which facilitates phagocytosis by neutrophils. (medscape.com)
These cells include dermal resident dendritic cells (DC), epidermal Langerhans cells, neutrophils and monocytes, which are released from the blood when the dermal capillary is disrupted and a reputed blood lake is formed [ 3 - 6 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Microscope images confirmed that neutrophils appeared to have an important role in leishmania elimination through phagocytosis of amastigotes in the later stages of the disease process. (who.int)

Together with inflammation, phagocytosis composes the first line of defense against multicellular organisms by the innate immune system. (frontiersin.org)
Dying cells have been defined as apoptotic by distinguishing features, including cell contraction, nuclear fragmentation, blebbing, apoptotic body formation and maintenance of intact cellular membranes to prevent massive protein release and consequent inflammation. (nature.com)
Such changes in dendritic cell migration may be associated with immunological events that maintain inflammation at the sites of infection. (biomedcentral.com)
Many steps of the immune responses require force generation by leukocytes: recruitment to the sites of inflammation, killing by phagocytosis or degranulation, migration to and from secondary lymphoid organs, antigen discrimination. (sfu.ca)
white blood cells that combat infection & respond to inflammation. (studystack.com)

Kit containing one vial of lyophilized solid sufficient for labeling 5 x10 7 target cells of choice along with wash and labeling buffers - suitable for 100-200 live-cell imaging phagocytosis assays in 96-well format. (sartorius.com)
The pHrodo ® Cell Labeling Kit for Incucyte ® enables the labeling of your choice of target cells with a pH-sensitive fluorophore for use in Incucyte ® Phagocytosis Assays. (sartorius.com)
This approach is easily incorporated into most existing phagocytosis assays and allows for reproducible results with high sensitivity. (lu.se)
ADCP (antibody-dependent cellular phagocytosis) assays were performed using human leukemia monocytic cells (THP-1). (news-medical.net)

The biological theory and concept, experimental observations and the name, phagocyte (from Ancient Greek φαγεῖν (phagein) 'to eat', and κύτος (kytos) 'cell') were introduced by a Ukrainian zoologist Élie Metchnikoff in 1883, the moment regarded as the foundation or birth of immunology. (wikipedia.org)
Phagocytosis of invading microorganisms by immune cells was first discovered by the father of cellular immunology Ilya Metchnikoff in 1882, for which he was awarded the Nobel Prize. (frontiersin.org)
Our lab works at the interface of immunology, cell biology, biophysics and microbiology. (sfu.ca)
With a basis in stem cell biology, genetics, immunology and cancer, the major goal of our research is to develop new immunotherapies that target leukemia and other malignancies. (lu.se)

By using dose-response curve principles for both experimental design and analysis, it is possible to increase the sensitivity and robustness, leading to accurate quantification of phagocytosis that is comparable across experiments and systems.Here, we describe how to quantify phagocytosis using flow cytometry with a robust, high-throughput, and easy-to-use approach. (lu.se)
Further, flow cytometry analysis was performed to characterize anti-S memory B lymphocytes by IgG subclasses among PBMC (peripheral blood mononuclear cells) samples, obtained from 11 individuals post-second dose and third dose administration. (news-medical.net)

The purpose of this study was to identify the presence and distribution of cortactin in isolated rat Sertoli cells active in phagocytic activity following the addition of 0.8 μm latex beads. (biomedcentral.com)
FSH exposure did not alter the distribution of cortactin within Sertoli cells, even when phagocytic activity was upregulated by the presence of beads. (biomedcentral.com)
Granulocytes from 15 oral cancer patients were collected and tested for phagocytic activity, by assessing the percent phagocytosis and phagocytic index of the granulocytes towards candida albicans before and after radiotherapy. (amrita.edu)

Importantly, activated MDMs in turn mediate strong activation of plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs), leading to the secretion of high levels of IFN-α and TNF. (nature.com)
In this context, complement receptor 4 (CR4), typically a dendritic cell marker, has also been shown to be sharply increased with A plaque load throughout all stages of AD. (nos-nop.org)
CR2 binds C3dg, and C3d is present on B cells and dendritic cells (see the Table 1). (medscape.com)
Coincubation with Leishmania changes the migratory pattern of dendritic cells in vivo . (biomedcentral.com)
Dendritic cells (DCs) are specialized antigen-presenting cells that have a notable role in the initiation and regulation of innate and adaptive immune responses. (mdpi.com)
I also work closely with UK and European colleagues (iBFM, EICNHL, ESID) to develop our understanding of development of lymphoid malignancy in children with inherited immune deficiency or DNA repair disorders and provide the paediatric clinical service for Langerhans cell histiocytosis and collaborate with Newcastle Human Dendritic Cell Laboratory ( http://www.hudendritic.org/ ) run by Professor Matt Collin. (ncl.ac.uk)

There is evidence for C1q-mediated microglial phagocytosis in the clearance of apoptotic cells (36, 37). (nos-nop.org)
More importantly, the functional consequences of microglial phagocytosis remain largely unexplored. (frontiersin.org)
The present review will summarize the current state of the literature regarding the role of microglial phagocytosis in maintaining tissue homeostasis in health as in disease. (frontiersin.org)

10 9 apoptotic events occurring per day in human adult tissues, it is surprisingly difficult to histologically detect apoptotic cells due to the rapid recognition and clearance of apoptotic cells. (nature.com)

He is considered the father of cell-mediated immunity as opposed to the humoral immunity observed by Paul Ehrlich. (pasteur.fr)
And humoral immunity also begins with cells. (pasteur.fr)
Widely considered as the father of cell-mediated immunity, he was awarded the prize jointly with Paul Ehrlich. (pasteur.fr)
the Hillyer Lab is currently investigating the role hemocytes (immune cells) play in immunity and the genetic bases of pathogen killing. (vanderbilt.edu)
In the context of cancer, appropriately activated DCs can induce anti-tumor immunity by activating innate immune cells and tumor-specific lymphocytes that target cancer cells. (mdpi.com)

[ 3 ] Thus, it enhances and prolongs antigen signaling on B cells. (medscape.com)
It plays a role in antigen capture, phagocytosis of IgG/antigen complexes, and antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC). (biolegend.com)

We show that inhibition of Rho GTPases by Clostridium difficile toxin B prevents apoptotic cell phagocytosis and inhibits the accumulation of both F-actin and phosphotyrosine. (nih.gov)
Importantly, the Rho GTPases Rac1 and Cdc42 are required for apoptotic cell uptake whereas Rho inhibition enhances uptake. (nih.gov)
The PI 3-kinase inhibitor LY294002 also prevents apoptotic cell phagocytosis but has no effect on the accumulation of F actin and phosphotyrosine. (nih.gov)
These results indicate that both Rho GTPases and PI 3-kinases are involved in apoptotic cell phagocytosis but that they play distinct roles in this process. (nih.gov)

J Cell Biol (1973) 58 (2): 346-356. (rupress.org)
J Cell Biol (1988) 106 (3): 657-666. (silverchair.com)
1986. J. Cell Biol. (silverchair.com)

Zhou XF, Liu XR, Huang L. Macrophage-mediated tumor cell phagocytosis: opportunity for nanomedicine intervention. (springer.com)

Complement-mediated phagocytosis is not restricted to C3 opsonins and CR3 and/or CR4 engagement. (nos-nop.org)
The complement anaphylatoxins (C3a and C5a) can also indirectly modulate phagocytosis. (nos-nop.org)
Jaumouillé V, Cartagena-Rivera AX and Waterman CM. Coupling of β2 integrins to actin by a mechanosensitive molecular clutch drives complement receptor-mediated phagocytosis. (sfu.ca)
Most bacterial pathogens responsible for such infections are enclosed by polysaccharide capsules that protect them from phagocytosis and complement- mediated killing, ensuring their persistence on the respiratory mucosa and survival in the bloodstream and deep body tissues. (cdc.gov)
Trouw L., Nilsson S., Goncalvez I., Landberg G. and Blom A. M. (2005) C4b-binding protein binds to necrotic cells and DNA, which limits DNA release and inhibits complement activation. (lu.se)

Phagocytosis currently is described as an endocytic process that endogenous foreign particles or pathogens larger than 0.5 μm were first recognized by phagocyte surface receptor and then uptaken and engulfed into a plasma-membrane device, known as phagosome, following initiation of a signaling cascade to generate phagolysosome by fusion of phagosome with lysosomes. (frontiersin.org)
The unique pHrodo ® -based system uses the acidic environment of the phagosome to quantify phagocytosis. (sartorius.com)
Cortactin is recruited to the actin-rich membrane ruffles of the entry structure of Shigella flexneri when invading HeLa cells and is also found in the periphery of the phagosome shortly after internalization [ 17 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Double-labeling experiments in HeLa cells invaded with S. flexneri showed a near perfect co-localization of cortactin with actin in the entry structure and at the periphery of the phagosome [ 17 ]. (biomedcentral.com)

Overall, the present study describes a novel and potent pathway of pDC activation that is linked to the macrophage-mediated clearance of infected cells. (nature.com)
However, they have a different origin and are a unique macrophage cell type in the adult organism. (frontiersin.org)

In crustacean, phagocytosis by hemocyte has also been well-recognized as a crucial defense mechanism for the host against infectious agents such as bacteria and viruses. (frontiersin.org)
Phagocytosis was first observed as a process by which unicellular organisms eat their food, usually smaller organisms like protists and bacteria. (wikipedia.org)
Lysosomes can vary in size and shape, and function to break down food particles, destroy bacteria and viruses that enter the cell, and to recycle cellular components as organelles age. (cellimagelibrary.org)
Non-motile bacteria are more immunogenic due to a lower expression of arnT upon host-cell contact, but do not produce spermidine and are phagocytosed less. (elifesciences.org)
Cooperation among Conflict: Prophages Protect Bacteria from Phagocytosis. (bvsalud.org)

The results are consistent with a mechanism whereby divalent cations and heat-labile opsonin activate ingestion by stimulating the work of engulfment rather than by merely enhancing cell-particle affinity, and whereby heat-labile opsonin acts by potentiating the effects of divalent cations. (rupress.org)
Phagocytosis is a term coined from the Greek to describe the receptor-mediated engulfment and degradation of dead cells and microbes. (frontiersin.org)
Common mechanisms of recognition, engulfment, and degradation of the different types of cargo are assumed, but very little is known about the shared and specific molecules involved in the phagocytosis of each target by microglia. (frontiersin.org)

Overview of the Immune System The immune system distinguishes self from nonself and eliminates potentially harmful nonself molecules and cells from the body. (msdmanuals.com)
Successful completion of these projects will identify new therapeutic targets in acute myleoid leukemia (AML) and expand our knowledge regarding how cancer cells evade the immune system, findings that may translate into new therapeutic opportunities. (lu.se)

A recent presentation at the 2019 Society for Neuroscience conference reported that pretreatment of transformed mouse brain microglial cells (BV-2 cells) or primary mouse microglia with a C3aR agonist increased their motility and their ability to phagocytose beads and A plaques. (nos-nop.org)

To identify components of the CEACAM3-initiated signaling cascade, we performed a genome-wide CRISPR/Cas9-based screen in human myeloid cells. (biologists.com)
Arrayed molecular barcoding identifies TNFSF13 as a positive regulator of acute myeloid leukemia-initiating cells. (lu.se)
Interleukin 4 induces apoptosis of acute myeloid leukemia cells in a Stat6-dependent manner. (lu.se)

We hypothesized that, in CBD, failure of IL-10 to modulate the beryllium-specific, cell-mediated immune response would result in persistent, maximal cytokine production and T lymphocyte proliferation, thus contributing to the development of granulomatous lung disease. (cdc.gov)
bronchoalveolar lavage cells from control and CBD subjects to evaluate the beryllium salt-specific production of endogenous IL-10 and the effects of exogenous human rIL-10 (rhIL-10) on HLA expression, on the production of IL-2, IFN- , and TNF- , and on T lymphocyte proliferation. (cdc.gov)
We of both mitogen- and Ag-induced accessory cell-dependent T lym- phocyte proliferation. (cdc.gov)

J Cell Sci (2023) 136 (17): jcs259724. (biologists.com)
J Cell Sci (2023) 136 (11): jcs260771. (biologists.com)

J Cell Sci (2022) 135 (18): jcs259609. (biologists.com)

The effect of reducing cytosolic Ca2+ to very low concentrations on Fc receptor-mediated phagocytosis was also investigated. (silverchair.com)
and they provide direct evidence that Fc receptor-mediated phagocytosis occurs normally even at exceedingly low [Ca2+]i. (silverchair.com)

They are divided into three groups by the type of hemolysis on blood agar: beta-hemolytic (complete lysis of red cells), a hemolytic (green hemolysis), and gamma-hemolytic (no hemolysis). (nih.gov)
In broad terms, mosquitoes kill pathogens via three mechanisms: cell-mediated phagocytosis, melanization, and lysis. (vanderbilt.edu)
MAC causes lysis of foreign cells. (msdmanuals.com)

Phagocytosis is an ancient, highly conserved process in all multicellular organisms, through which the host can protect itself against invading microorganisms and environmental particles, as well as remove self-apoptotic cells/cell debris to maintain tissue homeostasis. (frontiersin.org)
Apoptosis allows for efficient and immunologically silent removal of damaged or superfluous cells in multicellular organisms. (nature.com)

As he extracted the blood, he found that the colour particles accumulated in the cytoplasm of some blood cells. (wikipedia.org)
Cells exposed to no hormone and no beads appeared to have a ubiquitous distribution of cortactin throughout the cytoplasm. (biomedcentral.com)
Cortactin immunostaining was diffuse throughout the Sertoli cell cytoplasm when incubated without beads (Fig. 1A ). (biomedcentral.com)
In pinocytosis, rather than an individual droplet of liquid traveling passively through the cell membrane , the droplet first becomes bound, or adsorbed, on the cell membrane, which then invaginates (forms a pocket) and pinches off to form a vesicle in the cytoplasm. (britannica.com)
A droplet of fluid could thus be transported through the cell without disturbing its cytoplasm. (britannica.com)

We propose that lcn2 is an autocrine mediator of reactive astrocytosis based on the multiple roles of lcn2 in the regulation of cell death, morphology, and migration of astrocytes. (jneurosci.org)
LCN2 protein induced upregulation of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), cell migration, and morphological changes similar to characteristic phenotypic changes termed reactive astrocytosis. (jneurosci.org)
Our results indicated that lcn2 is critical for cell death sensitization, stimulation of cell migration, and morphological changes of reactive astrocytes. (jneurosci.org)

Uninfected or Leishmania -infected thioglycollate-elicited peritoneal exudate cells were transferred from C57BL/6 to BALB/c mice or from Ly5.1 + to Ly5.1 - mice. (biomedcentral.com)

Microglial CR3-mediated phagocytosis has also been shown to be dependent on DAP12, PKC, DAG, cAMP, MLCK, and Rho/Rock signaling pathways, all of which could be modulated pharmacologically or by other endogenous receptors (49C52). (nos-nop.org)
These receptors are present on phagocytic cells, mast cells, and lung epithelial and smooth muscle cells. (medscape.com)
Cell type-specific super-resolution imaging reveals an increase in calcium-permeable AMPA receptors at spinal peptidergic terminals as an anatomical correlate of inflammatory pain: PAIN Pain. (nottingham.ac.uk)
We hypothesized that gonococci selectively target human anti-inflammatory sialic acid-recognizing Siglec receptors on innate immune cells to blunt host responses, and that pro-inflammatory Siglecs and SIGLEC pseudogene polymorphisms represent host evolutionary adaptions to counteract this interaction. (datadryad.org)

Human rheumatoid synovial fluid cells and fibronectin-purified monocytes. (biolegend.com)

In 1862, Ernst Haeckel experimentally showed that some blood cells in a slug could ingest external particles. (wikipedia.org)
Disproving Lieberkühn's conclusion, Haeckel discovered that such cells could indeed ingest particles, even experimentally introduced ones. (wikipedia.org)
A white blood cell that ingests foreign particles in the blood. (goutpal.com)
Lobed or segmented nucleus, often used to describe a white blood cell that can engulf uric acid crystals and other foreign particles (see phagocyte above). (goutpal.com)

Cortactin, an actin binding protein, has been associated with Sertoli cell ectoplasmic specializations in vivo , based on its immunolocalization around the heads of elongated spermatids, but not previously identified in isolated Sertoli cells. (biomedcentral.com)
Based on this observation, we hypothesized that this actin binding protein may be associated with a non-junction-related physiological function, such as phagocytosis. (biomedcentral.com)
In the presence of cytochalasin D, cortactin immunostaining was punctate and distributed in a pattern similar to that reported for actin in cells exposed to cytochalasin D. Sertoli cells not exposed to FSH, but activated with beads, did not show cortactin immunostaining around the phagocytized beads at any of the time periods. (biomedcentral.com)

Results differential interference contrast microscopy indicated that beads were localized within the cells. (biomedcentral.com)
We are studying how immune cells generate and sense mechanical forces using quantitative approaches based on high-resolution live cell microscopy. (sfu.ca)

For example, an study showed that whereas short-lived exposure to C3a increases A phagocytosis by primary microglia, chronic exposure attenuates A Tirbanibulin Mesylate phagocytosis, an effect that can be reversed by C3aR antagonists (45). (nos-nop.org)

In addition, microglia phagocytoses brain-specific cargo, such as axonal and myelin debris in spinal cord injury or multiple sclerosis, amyloid-β deposits in Alzheimer's disease, and supernumerary synapses in postnatal development. (frontiersin.org)
7 The goal of these processes is detection and removal of dead cells and associated debris to limit potential further damage. (nature.com)
In an in vitro model of Sertoli cell-spermatid binding, cortactin was identified around debris and dead germ cells. (biomedcentral.com)
Release of damaged cells and tissue debris occurs upon injury. (medscape.com)

Pinocytosis is one type of endocytosis, the general process by which cells engulf external substances, gathering them into special membrane-bound vesicles contained within the cell . (britannica.com)

IL4 promotes phagocytosis of murine leukemia cells counteracted by CD47 upregulation. (lu.se)

We demonstrate that not only the presence of pathogen inherent molecular patterns induces immune responses, but that bacterial motility is linked to a host-cell-induced expression of additional immune modulators. (elifesciences.org)

Phagocytosis has been considered as an essential defense mechanism of immune response to pathogens among eukaryotes, which are also implicated in diverse physiological processes, including development, apoptotic, tissue repair, and host defense ( 4 ). (frontiersin.org)
Discovery of new hematopoietic tissue and discovery of multinucleated giant blood cells in D ananassae. (nottingham.ac.uk)
Moreover, immune cell responses are largely affected by the mechanical properties of their tissue environment. (sfu.ca)
Figures 264 (upper) and 265 (lower) from Chapter 8 (Lysosomes) of 'The Cell, 2nd Ed.' by Don W. Fawcett M.D. Lysosomes apparent in thin sections from liver tissue of hamster treated with phenobarbito. (cellimagelibrary.org)

N. gonorrhoeae can indeed engage multiple human but not chimpanzee CD33rSiglecs expressed on innate immune cells and in the genitourinary tract--including Siglec-11 (inhibitory) and Siglec-16 (activating), which we detected for the first time on human cervical epithelium. (datadryad.org)

Astrocytes, the most abundant glial cell type in the brain, provide metabolic and trophic support to neurons and modulate synaptic activity. (jneurosci.org)

V-ATPase is a universal regulator of LC3-associated phagocytosis and non-canonical autophagy. (babraham.ac.uk)

The fundamental theory of phagocytosis was first described by Élie Metchnikoff in 1882, which has been gradually established and well-understood over the past two centuries ( 1 ). (frontiersin.org)

SAP binds to apoptotic cells. (biomedcentral.com)
Evidence suggests that C1q binds a receptor present on phagocytic cells, termed C1qRP. (medscape.com)
it occurs when mannose-binding lectin (MBL), a serum protein, binds to mannose, fucose, or N -acetylglucosamine groups on bacterial cell walls, yeast walls, or viruses. (msdmanuals.com)

This kind of pDC activation was dependent on direct integrin-mediated cell‒cell contacts and involved stimulation of the TLR7 and STING signaling pathways. (nature.com)
Cell surface sensors on immune cells that ordinarily recognize pathogen-associated molecular patterns produced by infectious agents may also interact with DAMPs, leading to the activation of signaling pathways resulting in a nonpathogen-induced 'sterile' inflammatory response. (nature.com)
Labeling whole cells with a pH-sensitive fluorophore, making them suitable for screening compounds for inhibition/activation of efferocytosis. (sartorius.com)
Dust exposure induced PKCalpha and -epsilon activation in isolated tracheal epithelial cells but were dampened with repetitive exposures. (cdc.gov)
Alternate pathway activation occurs when components of microbial cell surfaces (eg, yeast walls, bacterial cell wall lipopolysaccharide [endotoxin]) or immunoglobulin (eg, nephritic factor, aggregated IgA) cleave small amounts of C3. (msdmanuals.com)

This results in the expression of spermidine on the surface, which specifically activates the PIP 3 -pathway to induce phagocytic uptake into primary or immortalized murine cells. (elifesciences.org)

Overall, phagocytosis is considered a beneficial phenomenon, since it eliminates dead cells and induces an anti-inflammatory response. (frontiersin.org)

The first demonstration of phagocytosis as a property of leukocytes, the immune cells, was from the German zoologist Ernst Haeckel. (wikipedia.org)
Migrating cells corresponded to approximately 1% of the injected leukocytes. (biomedcentral.com)
The influx of leukocytes facilitates the process of phagocytosis and the removal of damaged cells and other particulate matter. (medscape.com)

As an example, we provide an experimental protocol for studying phagocytosis of opsonized Streptococcus pyogenes using the THP-1 cell line. (lu.se)

We evaluated SAP binding to early and late apoptotic cells and whether this binding has functional consequences for the phagocytosis of these cells. (biomedcentral.com)

In this paper, we focus on the catastrophic cell death that occurs as the developing footplate is remodelled to transform webbed regions into free interdigital spaces. (bris.ac.uk)

Figure 262 from Chapter 8 (Lysosomes) of 'The Cell, 2nd Ed.' by Don W. Fawcett M.D. Aggregations of primary lysosomes in the supranuclear region of an epithelial cell from the epididymis of the bandi. (cellimagelibrary.org)

Anatomy24

Organisms12

Diseases1

Chemicals and Drugs36

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment8

Phenomena and Processes16

Technology, Industry, Agriculture2

Macrophages26

Phagocytes12

Intracellular5

Neutrophils3

Inflammation5

Assays4

Immunology4

Flow cytometry2

Phagocytic activity3

Dendritic6

Microglial phagocytosis3

Clearance of apoptotic cells1

Immunity5

Antigen2

Apoptotic cell4

Biol3

Tumor1

Complement5

Phagosome4

Macrophage2

Bacteria5

Engulfment3

Immune system2

20191

Myeloid3

Proliferation3

20232

20221

Receptor-mediated2

Lysis3

Multicellular organisms2

Cytoplasm5

Migration3

Mice1

Receptors4

Monocytes1

Particles4

Actin3

Microscopy2

C3aR1

Debris4

Engulf1

Promotes1

Motility1

Tissue4

Innate immune cells1

Modulate1

Regulator1

Élie Metchnikoff1

Binds3

Activation5

Murine1

Anti-inflammatory1

Leukocytes3

Streptococcus1

Functional consequences1

Occurs1

Epithelial cell1