Phagocytic cells phagocytosis. Medical search. Frequent questions

[ 1 ] Immune adherence refers to the process by which bacteria coated with immunoglobulin G (IgG) or immunoglobulin M (IgM) antibody and C3b adhere to erythrocytes, which facilitates phagocytosis by neutrophils. (medscape.com)
The theory as advanced stated that enzymes involved in the processes of exocytosis and phagocytosis by neutrophils produce large amounts of the reactive superoxide radical which is very toxic. (cdc.gov)
Receptors able to mediate phagocytosis are expressed almost exclusively in neutrophils, monocytes and macrophages, and receptor clustering is thought to occur upon particle binding which in turn generates a phagocytic signal, activating the phagocytic process [ 3345 ]. (nanomedicine.com)
The protein encoded by this gene is a cell surface receptor found on phagocytic cells such as macrophages and neutrophils, and is involved in the process of phagocytosis and clearing of immune complexes. (origene.com)
Secretions from the primary granules of neutrophils stimulate the phagocytosis of IgG-antibody-coated bacteria. (mybubbaandme.com)
Vitamin C accumulates in phagocytic cells, such as neutrophils, and can enhance chemotaxis, phagocytosis, reactive oxygen species generation, and ultimately microbial killing. (supplementhouse.me)
Specific immunity decreases during preg- ation in number, maturity and phagocytic nancy [1], and this is marked by a fall in IgG activity of neutrophils in the 3 trimesters of in the 2nd and 3rd trimesters [2]. (who.int)
Absolute other hand, another study reported that the neutrophil count was calculated as fol- phagocytic activity of neutrophils was simi- lows: absolute value (neutrophils/mm3) = lar in women in the 1st and 2nd trimesters total leukocyte count (cells/mm3) × relative of pregnancy and non-pregnant women, but value (%) obtained from the differential significantly decreased during the 3rd tri- count [10]. (who.int)
Neutrophils which had no distinct reproductive age, indicating that the neu- fine filament (length but no breadth) con- trophils have a greater capacity for attach- necting the nuclear lobes were considered ment to microorganisms, and thus have band forms [10,11], young immature forms increased phagocytic activity [8]. (who.int)
The number of neutrophils ment of pregnancy, 29% in non-pregnant positive for C. albicans ingestion per 100 women compared with 57% in women neutrophils gives the phagocytic index and the in the 2nd and 3rd trimesters. (who.int)

The Fc receptor-dependent function of antibody-dependent cellular phagocytosis (ADCP) provides mechanisms for clearance of virus and virus-infected cells, as well as for stimulation of downstream adaptive immune responses by facilitating antigen presentation, or by stimulating the secretion of inflammatory mediators. (frontiersin.org)
Disrupting the binding of CD47 to SIRPα has emerged as a promising immunotherapeutic strategy for advanced cancers by potentiating antibody-dependent cellular phagocytosis (ADCP) of targeted antibodies. (aacrjournals.org)
We used ELISA and an antibody-dependent cellular phagocytosis assay to identify the major features of protective antibodies in patients with acute melioidosis in Thailand. (cdc.gov)

C1q is a lectin-like protein that binds apoptotic cells. (alzforum.org)
Then, we will discuss several principles that govern macrophage phagocytosis of apoptotic cells (efferocytosis), including the existence of redundant recognition mechanisms ("find-me" and "eat-me") that lead to a tight coupling between apoptosis and phagocytosis. (frontiersin.org)
Microglial phagocytosis of apoptotic cells (efferocytosis) is at the core of the brain regenerative response. (frontiersin.org)
How do C-type lectins tailor adaptive immunity following phagocytosis of apoptotic cells? (nature.com)
Identification and clearance of apoptotic cells prevents the release of harmful cell contents thereby suppressing inflammation and autoimmune reactions. (uea.ac.uk)
The results showed that AnxA3, AnxA4, AnxA13, and the already described interaction partner AnxA5 can bind to phosphatidylserine and apoptotic cells, whereas AnxA8 lacks this ability. (uea.ac.uk)
These amino acid residues were missing in the evolutionary young AnxA8 and when they were reintroduced by site directed mutagenesis AnxA8 gains the capability to interact with phosphatidylserine containing liposomes and apoptotic cells. (uea.ac.uk)

Its relevance in maintaining brain tissue homeostasis from development to aging and neurodegenerative diseases is undisputed but, nonetheless, many fundamental questions about the biology of the process remain open: How is phagocytosis efficiency regulated at the cellular and molecular levels? (frontiersin.org)
The nuclear membrane protein SUN1 stabilizes endothelial cell-cell junctions far from the nucleus via regulation of microtubule dynamics and Rho GEF-H1 signaling, revealing long-range cellular communication important for vascular development and function. (elifesciences.org)
Another report says that aristolochic acid has anti-cancer properties and can be used in conjunction with chemotherapy and radiotherapy and that it also increases the cellular immunity and phagocytosis function of the phagocytic cells[176]. (pfaf.org)
In these organs, their function is related to phagocytosis of cellular material originating from catabolism. (fapesp.br)
At that time, glycobiology, which is the study of carbohydrates and their recognition by motif-specific carbohydrate-binding proteins or lectins, lagged far behind the studies that defined the structural and cellular biology of cell death. (nature.com)
10 Galectins can function inside the cells by modulating signaling pathways, 11 although they also act extracellularly by establishing multivalent interactions with cell surface glycans and delivering signals that lead to disruption of cellular homeostasis. (nature.com)
Listeria monocytogenes commandeers cellular transport machinery to invade cells and hide from the body's immune system. (foodnavigator.com)
French scientists detail how Listeria invades cells by activating cellular machinery that transports viruses, small molecules, and proteins. (foodnavigator.com)
New research conducted by Pascale Cossart, at the Howard Hughes Medical Institute, and her colleague Esteban Veiga at the Institut Pasteur in Paris, details how Listeria invades cells by activating cellular machinery that transports viruses, small molecules, and proteins. (foodnavigator.com)
Phagocytic leukocytes are specialized White blood cells - WBCs - that can eat and digest microorganisms, foreign substances, abnormal cells, cellular debris and waste products. (phartoonz.com)
Pregnancy qualified prospects to a generalized suppression from the adaptive immune system typified by significantly decreased cell-mediated immunity and reduced T helper cell (Th) 1 responsiveness4 5 This immunosuppressed state prevents maternal rejection of the fetus but has the unfortunate consequence of increasing maternal susceptibility to certain infectious agents6 7 Immunity against is principally mediated by cellular immune responses because it is an intracellular pathogen8. (techieindex.net)
NP antibodies are not associated with protection through neutralizing activity, but VRP vaccination results in NP antibodies possessing Fc-mediated antibody effector functions, such as complement activation (ADCD) and antibody-mediated cellular phagocytosis (ADCP). (cdc.gov)

C3b and C4b bind to CR1, which is present on various phagocytes and also on erythrocytes and B cells. (medscape.com)
Preventing DM patients from becoming infected with TB can be done by an optimal innate immune system mechanism from the host through an effective phagocytosis process from phagocytic cells such as macrophages in the early invasion of microorganisms against Mtb bacteria 5 , 6 Macrophages are professional phagocytes responsible for destroying cells infected with intracellular pathogens and targets for Mtb bacteria 4 , 5 , 7 . (scialert.net)
Phagocytes need to bind to microbial pathogens for the induction of phagocytosis during microbial pathogen infection. (mybubbaandme.com)
and foreign particles by phagocytic cells (PHAGOCYTES). (bvsalud.org)

In summary, we will show that neuroimmunologists can learn many lessons from the well-developed field of macrophage phagocytosis biology. (frontiersin.org)
Because it is such a diverse population of cells, a fundamental question is whether they have a common precursor or whether each macrophage population develops from a different precursor. (frontiersin.org)
Vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) inhibits alveolar macrophage phagocytosis of polystyrene beads, with maximum inhibition of 46% at 0.1 µM concentration [ 3316 ]. (nanomedicine.com)
Aggregation of phagocytic macrophages within clusters and the nonlinear dependence of the cluster growth rate on macrophage number suggest that macrophages may exhibit cooperativity in engulfing solid tumor targets, which resembles the foreign body response to biomaterials in some ways. (aiche.org)
Thus, our in vitro and in vivo models utilizing gene-edited cells, monoclonal antibodies for opsonization and checkpoint blockade, and cell therapy begin to define the parameters required for successful immunotherapy of solid tumors including (i) macrophage density, (ii) inhibitory checkpoint disruption, and (iii) IgG-opsonization. (aiche.org)
This plant is expected to have the potential as an immunomodulator in patients with diabetes mellitus (DM), which can prevent tuberculosis infection by increasing the phagocytic function of macrophage cells and interleukin-12 (IL-12) levels. (scialert.net)
Furthermore, the phagocytic activity of macrophage cells can be seen with a microscope and the levels of IL-12 with the Elisa kit. (scialert.net)
IL-12 has a role in inducing T helper-1 lymphocyte and IFN-g secretion from T helper-1 and natural killer cells 4 , 8 Improving the function of macrophage phagocytic activity with immunomodulatory substances is one of the efforts to prevent DM patients from being easily infected with TB 9 . (scialert.net)
THP-1 cells can also restore the response of purified T lymphocytes to Concanavlin A, show increased CO 2 production on phagocytosis and can be differentiated into macrophage-like cells using for example DMSO. (sigmaaldrich.com)
These data illustrated that whereas CD47/SIRPα inhibition could potentiate tumor cell phagocytosis, CD40-mediated activation of a type I interferon response provided a bridge between macrophage- and T-cell-mediated immunity that significantly enhanced durable tumor control and rejection. (aacrjournals.org)
We investigated the effect of nitric oxide (NO) and reactive nitrogen intermediates on the in vitro growth of Penicillium marneffei both in a cell-free system and in a novel macrophage culture system. (dadospdf.com)
These defects lead to abnormal neutrophil, macrophage, and T-cell and B-cell adhesion to vascular endothelium and subsequent migration into infectious sites. (medscape.com)

But this internalization does not diminish the number of receptors on the cell surface and has no effect on receptor-mediated uptake [ 3354 ]. (nanomedicine.com)
Dexamethasone inhibits phagocytosis by human trabecular meshwork (eye) cells in vitro, with polystyrene particle uptake reduced from 3.5 beads/cell to 1.5 beads/cell, a 57% reduction [ 3364 ]. (nanomedicine.com)
This results in the expression of spermidine on the surface, which specifically activates the PIP 3 -pathway to induce phagocytic uptake into primary or immortalized murine cells. (elifesciences.org)
Phagocytosis, the uptake of large targets by immune cells, is important for clearing bacteria during infection as well as removal of dead tissue cells in homeostasis. (wur.nl)

CR2 binds C3dg, and C3d is present on B cells and dendritic cells (see the Table 1). (medscape.com)
T regulatory (Treg) cells, T helper cell balances, dendritic cells, macrophages, B cells, and natural killer (NK) cells can be considered as the most determinant dysregulated mediators in immunomodulatory status. (hindawi.com)
mTOR controls lysosome tubulation and antigen presentation in macrophages and dendritic cells. (buffalo.edu)
In addition, diabetic mice presented a reduced influx of TCD4+ cells, TCD8+ cells, B lymphocytes, NK cells, and dendritic cells compared to control infected groups. (hindawi.com)
Insulin treatment restored the leukocyte number in PeLF and restored the presence of B lymphocytes, dendritic cells, and NK cells in lungs of diabetic animals. (hindawi.com)
The data suggest that diabetic mice present impaired immunological response to Pb18 infection and insulin modulates inflammation by reducing IL-6 levels in lung and CINC-1 levels in spleen and liver homogenates, restoring leukocyte concentrations in PeLF and also restoring populations of dendritic cells and B lymphocytes in lungs of diabetic mice, permitting the host to better control the infection. (hindawi.com)
Once inhaled by the host, the fungus interacts with alveolar macrophages and dendritic cells present in the lungs, where it can form a pulmonary focus or spread through the blood and lymphatic vessels [ 6 ]. (hindawi.com)

Here, the authors show that combining γ9δ2 TCR-mediated metabolic and co-stimulatory stress targeting by chimeric NKG2D or anti-CD277 co-receptors shapes transcriptomic heterogeneity of engineered T cells and is associated with improved control of solid tumors. (nature.com)
In this review, we discuss the properties of Fc receptors, antibodies, and effector cells that influence ADCP. (frontiersin.org)
These receptors are present on phagocytic cells, mast cells, and lung epithelial and smooth muscle cells. (medscape.com)
Earlier work in the lab had revealed that the star-shaped cells express high levels of phagocytic receptors. (alzforum.org)
To test whether astrocyte phagocytosis is responsible for this synaptic pruning, Chung turned to mice lacking multiple EGF-like-domains 10 (MEGF10) and C-mer proto-oncogene tyrosine kinase (MERTK), two phagocytic receptors that are highly expressed in astrocytes (see Jan 2008 news story ). (alzforum.org)
Once physical contact with a phagocyte has occurred, particle binding to specific cell surface receptors is the first step in the phagocytosis of a medical nanorobot. (nanomedicine.com)
Several pathways of phagocytic signal transduction have been identified [ 3345 ], including the activation of tyrosine kinases or serine/threonine kinase C, leading to phosphorylation of the receptors and other proteins which are recruited at the sites of phagocytosis. (nanomedicine.com)
The thymic selection of the human T-cell receptor repertoire releases polyspecific receptors with the ability to recognize and respond to peptides from unrelated viruses. (elifesciences.org)
Glycosylation of classical death receptors fine-tunes cell death programs. (nature.com)
THP-1 cells have Fc and C3b receptors and lack surface and cytoplasmic immunoglobulins. (sigmaaldrich.com)
Molecular cloning of MDA5, phylogenetic analysis of RIG-I-like receptors (RLRs) and differential gene expression of RLRs, interferons and proinflammatory cytokines after in vitro challenge with IPNV, ISAV and SAV in the salmonid cell line TO. (uib.no)
This apparently was related to the ability of the nutrient to enhance the expression of receptors for the growth regulatory lymphokine interleukin-2, and consequently, the rate of cell proliferation and differentiation into cytotoxic cells. (typeset.io)

This inhibitory effect is maximized at 0.1 nM concentration [ 3365 ], and inhibition of neutrophil mobility and phagocytosis "could be carried out through an increase of the intracellular cAMP levels" [ 3319 , 3365 ]. (nanomedicine.com)
1. The Nitroblue Tetrazolium (NBT) test is a measure of the phagocytosis of particulate complexes of NBT and heparin and/or fibrinogen by neutrophil leucocytes. (portlandpress.com)
4. The effect of factors promoting phagocytosis may be masked by an inability of neutrophil leucocytes to respond to stimulation. (portlandpress.com)
5. This defective neutrophil function could result from the replacement of circulating neutrophil leucocytes by less mature, less actively phagocytic cells or by the presence of circulating immune complexes. (portlandpress.com)
Neutrophil secretions increase phagocytosis and the formation of reactive oxygen compounds involved in intracellular killing. (mybubbaandme.com)

Pulendran and colleagues delineated the mechanisms underlying the nonspecific antiviral effects exerted by the BCG vaccine against SARS-CoV-2 and reveal a pivotal role for BCG-specific CD4 + T cells that produce interferon-γ in imprinting a persistent antiviral innate program in the lung, mediating heterologous viral protection. (nature.com)
Fc receptor-dependent antibody functions are important components of the immune response that provide mechanisms for clearance of infected host cells, immune complexes, or opsonized pathogens. (frontiersin.org)
Impaired phagocytic function of glial cells during later stages of AD likely contributes to worsened disease outcome, but the underlying mechanisms of how this occurs remain unknown. (ucl.ac.uk)
Aβ^{pH} can be used to investigate the phagocytic mechanisms responsible for removing Aβ from the extracellular space, and thus could become a useful tool to study Aβ clearance at different stages of AD. (ucl.ac.uk)
Phagocytosis - Introduction and Mechanisms A significant defense mechanism of the innate system. (microbiologynotes.org)
Two decades later, pioneering studies suggested that lectin-like molecules constitutively expressed on the surface of macrophages can selectively recognize changes on glycans decorating the surface of apoptotic thymocytes, 4 , 5 although these studies likewise did not provide substantial insight into the mechanisms by which lectin-glycan interactions regulate cell death. (nature.com)
Several molecular mechanisms involved in phagocytosis by trophoblast cells have been reported16 however the complete process remains unclear. (techieindex.net)
One of these mechanisms involves the production of the M protein, which, amongst other things, acts as an anti-phagocytic factor and can bind host proteins. (lu.se)

Antiviral activities of antibodies may either be dependent only on interactions between the antibody and cognate antigen, as in binding and neutralization of an infectious virion, or instead may require interactions between antibody-antigen immune complexes and immunoproteins or Fc receptor expressing immune effector cells. (frontiersin.org)
Therapies for Alzheimer's disease (AD) have primarily focused on targeting antibodies to amyloid β (Aβ) or inhibitng enzymes that make it, and while removal of Aβ by phagocytosis is protective early in AD it remains poorly understood. (ucl.ac.uk)
In the field of cancer, the possibility to link antibodies to nanoshells using PEG enables the use of these biocompatible nanoshells for the delivery of drugs to targeted tumor cells. (springer.com)
Even so this antibody bound to a region of the M protein associated with non-opsonic antibodies we found that this Ab could enhance phagocytosis suggesting that this novel binding form can circumvent the M protein's anti-phagocytic properties. (lu.se)

These Fc receptor-dependent antibody functions provide a direct link between the innate and adaptive immune systems by combining the potent antiviral activity of innate effector cells with the diversity and specificity of the adaptive humoral response. (frontiersin.org)

When J774 cells were stimulated by gamma interferon and lipopolysaccharide, which led to enhanced production of reactive nitrogen intermediates, the percentage of yeast-like cells was significantly reduced and P. marneffei conidia were damaged in the J774 macrophages. (dadospdf.com)

The membrane-active drug procaine inhibits the phagocytosis of latex particles by normal monocytes and the proliferation of lymphocytes in an allogeneic mixed leukocyte culture [ 3361 ]. (nanomedicine.com)
Macrophages and giant cells composed of macrophages are abundant in many neoplasms, but it is unknown whether they can phagocytose target cancer cells that adhere to one another or whether phagocytosis can outcompete proliferation. (aiche.org)
Understanding the function of lectin-glycan recognition systems in cell death will facilitate the implementation of novel therapeutic strategies aimed at controlling unbalanced cell proliferation and survival in several pathologic conditions. (nature.com)
The results indicated that the immunoenhancing effects of selenium in humans require supplementation above the replete levels produced by normal dietary intake, and consequently, the rate of cell proliferation and differentiation into cytotoxic cells. (typeset.io)
Selenium (Se) is an essential nutritional factor that was shown by us to alter the expression of the high affinity interleukin 2 receptor (Il2-R) and its subunits, cell proliferation, and clonal expansion of cytotoxic T-lymphocytes in mice. (typeset.io)
In this study, ex vivo and in vitro assays were conducted to evaluate the impact on prostatic telocytes of SDF-1, a factor involved in the proliferation and migration of CD34+ cells. (bvsalud.org)
SDF-1 caused an increase in the number of telocytes in explants, as well as morphological changes that were possibly related to the proliferation of these cells. (bvsalud.org)

Here the authors review CAR T cell engineering and immunotherapy for cancer and juxtapose state-of-the-art developments with CAR NK cells as part of our Cancer Immunology series of Reviews. (nature.com)
Functional characterization of IgM+ B cells and adaptive immunity in lumpfish (Cyclopterus lumpus L.). Developmental and Comparative Immunology. (uib.no)
Flow cytometry analyses of phagocytic and respiratory burst activities and cytochemical characterization of leucocytes isolated from wrasse (Labrus bergylta A.). Fish and Shellfish Immunology. (uib.no)

Step 1: Activation of Phagocytic cells and Chemotaxis. (mybubbaandme.com)

Induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived macrophages (iMACs) are being used to make chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) macrophages for immunotherapy. (nature.com)
Evidence suggests that C1q binds a receptor present on phagocytic cells, termed C1qRP. (medscape.com)
In the case of receptor-mediated phagocytic binding, dansylcadaverine, amantadine, and rimantadine induce inhibition of endocytosis of complement-coated zymosan particles by human peripheral PMN leukocytes. (nanomedicine.com)
This gene encodes one member of a family of immunoglobulin Fc receptor genes found on the surface of many immune response cells. (origene.com)
Listeria's use of receptor-mediated endocytosis to infect hosts, according to Cossart, suggests that other bacteria may exploit the same mechanism to gain entry into non-phagocytic cells. (foodnavigator.com)

Solid tumors pose significant challenges for immunotherapies including those employing phagocytic macrophages as effector cells. (aiche.org)

New research shows that an imbalanced response - driven partially by the productive infection of antigen-presenting cells - is associated with progression to severe disease. (nature.com)
[ 3 ] Thus, it enhances and prolongs antigen signaling on B cells. (medscape.com)
Autofluorescence imaging permits label-free cell type identification in live airway tissue and reveals the dynamic formation of airway secretory cell associated antigen passages. (elifesciences.org)
Tumor immunogenicity results from the processing, and subsequent presentation of tumor antigens released from dead or dying tumor cells on MHC molecules expressed on antigen-presenting cells (APC). (aacrjournals.org)

Animal experiments demonstrated that fingolimod could reduce edema, cell apoptosis and cerebra atrophy and show neuroprotective function in ICH rats [ 8 ]. (karger.com)
Likewise, dexamethasone can reduce cerebral cell apoptosis and inhibit inflammation [ 10 ,] and deferoxamine (DFX) provides new therapy target [ 11 ]. (karger.com)
Several years later, Kerr and co-workers 2 defined the morphological changes in cells undergoing this process, also known as apoptosis. (nature.com)
We discuss here the contribution of glycan-lectin interactions to the initiation, execution and resolution of apoptosis and their emerging roles in other cell death programs including autophagy. (nature.com)

It has also been reported that trophoblast cells can phagocytose pathogens and that this activity is enhanced by IFN-γ treatment17. (techieindex.net)
These family proteins are known to play critical roles in mediating specific resistance to intracellular pathogens including protozoa bacteria and viruses18 19 20 Because IGTP localizes predominantly to the endoplasmic reticulum it is assumed to be involved in the processing and trafficking of immunologically relevant proteins21 22 IGTP has been found to be essential for host resistance to acute infections by the protozoans into TG cells. (techieindex.net)
Inflammation is a complex biological response of tissues to harmful stimuli such as pathogens cell damage or irritants. (techieindex.net)

Non-motile bacteria are more immunogenic due to a lower expression of arnT upon host-cell contact, but do not produce spermidine and are phagocytosed less. (elifesciences.org)
The body usually deals with bacteria and other large, foreign microbes through a process called phagocytosis. (foodnavigator.com)
Cossart and Veiga investigated the underlying machinery behind this uncommon invasion strategy, which they knew depended on an interaction between a protein on the surface of the bacteria, known as InlB, and a protein called Met on the surface of the cell it was invading. (foodnavigator.com)
"This mechanism of cell entry may be used by several different kinds of bacteria, which is a major deviation from the belief that endocytosis is strictly for importing small molecules into cells," she adds. (foodnavigator.com)
thus, bacteria and fungi are not killed despite normal phagocytosis. (msdmanuals.com)
In our previous study we demonstrated that abortion-inducing bacteria in human and animals such as and infection we found that there was a higher degree of bacterial colonization LY404187 in the placenta than in other organs that there were many bacteria in trophoblast giant (TG) cells in the placenta and that abortion was not induced in an intracellular replication-defective mutant11. (techieindex.net)

Other scientists outlined new approaches to promote a kind of glial cell activation that might help mice tackle Alzheimer's-like pathology in the brain (see part two of this series). (alzforum.org)
These conditions allowed higher levels of plasma LPS and CD8+ cell activation, which were associated with lower CD4+/CD8+ cell ratios and higher viral loads. (prelekara.sk)
2009 Elevated plasma lipopolysaccharide is not sufficient to drive natural killer cell activation in HIV-1-infected individuals. (prelekara.sk)
2008 Relationship between T cell activation and CD4+ T cell count in HIV-seropositive individuals with undetectable plasma HIV RNA levels in the absence of therapy. (prelekara.sk)
Our results suggested that IGTP induces the activation of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt signaling pathway and promotes bacterial invasion into TG cells. (techieindex.net)

Micropipette aspiration rheology of cell clusters and freshly isolated mouse tumors revealed viscoelasticity and cell cohesion in both tissues. (aiche.org)
Amphibians share with ectothermic vertebrates, the existence of an extracutaneous pigmentary system consisting of large and irregular cells in various tissues and organs, which are able to produce and store melanin inside. (fapesp.br)
A recent focus is on how macrophages clean up dead cells from tissues. (wur.nl)
Telocytes are interstitial cells that are present in various tissues, have long cytoplasmic projections known as telopodes, and are classified as CD34+ cells. (bvsalud.org)

At the Society for Neuroscience (SfN) annual meeting, which drew nearly 25,000 scientists to San Diego November 9-14, researchers reported new data on the fundamental roles played by glial cells in forming and refining neural circuits. (alzforum.org)
As the brain ages, those functions seem to get creaky, raising the possibility that keeping glial cells young and fit could protect against neurodegeneration. (alzforum.org)
Won-suk Chung , a postdoc in in Ben Barres' lab at Stanford School of Medicine, Palo Alto, California, studies astrocytes-the most common glial cell in the brain. (alzforum.org)
Phagocytosis by glial cells is essential to regulate brain function during health and disease. (ucl.ac.uk)

This method highlights the importance of factors such as volume, time, and the ratio of phagocyte to prey on the phagocytic process. (lu.se)

Given that an individual astrocyte can touch thousands of synapses, Chung and colleagues wondered if astrocyte phagocytosis contributes to synaptic turnover. (alzforum.org)
Unlike wild-type cells, astrocytes in the MEGF10- and MERTK-deficient mice ingested no synaptic components and the visual system of these animals failed to mature, suggesting that phagocytosis of synapses contributes to development of the retina. (alzforum.org)
It also contributes to the formation of red blood cells and prevents bleeding. (supplementhouse.me)

We demonstrate that not only the presence of pathogen inherent molecular patterns induces immune responses, but that bacterial motility is linked to a host-cell-induced expression of additional immune modulators. (elifesciences.org)

Finally, while the phagocytosis of inert latex particles by human blood monocytes is not affected by the presence of ethanol [ 3362 ], the phagocytosis of opsonized red cells by Kupffer cells is slightly impaired by ethanol [ 3363 ]. (nanomedicine.com)
This hemoglobin is absorbed through phagocytosis mainly in the liver, using the phagocytic plasma cells called Kupffer cells. (quizlet.com)

2008 Microbial translocation is associated with sustained failure in CD4+ T-cell reconstitution in HIV-infected patients on long-term highly active antiretroviral therapy. (prelekara.sk)
The phagocytic cells use years) in different trimesters who were at- primitive, non-specific recognition systems tending the outpatient department of J.B. which allow them to bind to a variety of Roy State Ayurvedic Hospital, Kolkata, microbial products. (who.int)

Highly conserved annexins may modulate the phagocytic cell removal by acting as bridging molecules to phosphatidylserine, a characteristic phagocytosis signal of dying cells. (uea.ac.uk)

This includes immune cell-target interactions, but also multicellular tissue and even live animals. (wur.nl)
We are also keen on exploring different (immune) cell-cell interactions. (wur.nl)

Sharpe and colleagues devise a conditional gene deletion model in mice for rapid sequential, combinatorial and lineage-specific interrogation of gene function in hematopoietic cells. (nature.com)
In conclusion, no toxicity was observed in mice 6 months after administration of PEGylated gold nanoshells and the distribution kinetics progressed from intravascular flow at 30 min to intratumoral cells 24 h later. (springer.com)
In HIV-infected mice, however, LPS phagocytosis was insufficient to clear the translocated LPS. (prelekara.sk)
Here we comprehensively characterized the kinetics of cell-mediated and humoral immune responses in VRP-vaccinated mice, and demonstrate that they predominantly target the nucleoprotein (NP). (cdc.gov)

Is phagocytosis simply a process of garbage removal or does it actively participate in the well-being of the surrounding tissue? (frontiersin.org)
A modification of this process in application to fibers, but not to films, is that tissue motion may keep the free ends of fibers moving, allowing them to continue to puncture cell walls. (cdc.gov)
Once it has safely entered a cell, the microbe can replicate and continue the process of infection. (foodnavigator.com)
Scientists long believed that cells use a second process, called endocytosis, to deal with smaller molecules or viruses. (foodnavigator.com)
Phagocytosis is the process of sensing and taking in particles larger than 0.5 μm. (mybubbaandme.com)
The process of phagocytosis continues until the bacterium is completely internalized, surrounded by membrane in the phagosome. (mybubbaandme.com)

As nouns the difference between endosome and phagosome is that endosome is (biology) an endocytic vacuole through which molecules internalized during endocytosis pass en route to lysosomes while phagosome is a membrane-bound vacuole within a cell containing foreign material captured by phagocytosis. (mybubbaandme.com)

The surface of the living cells is decorated by a complex layer of glycosylated molecules that store relevant biological information. (nature.com)
Hence, the individual annexin repertoire bound to the cell surface of dying cells may fulfil opsonin-like function in cell death recognition. (uea.ac.uk)
This form of engulfment is particularly challenging for immune cells, because dying cells are close in their surface chemistry and physical properties to healthy tissue cells. (wur.nl)
Since Met is on the outside surface of the cell and the recycling and degradation machineries are inside, the cell must bring Met inside through endocytosis in order to dispose of it. (foodnavigator.com)
It is a glycan binding protein which can exert its functions within cells or exogenously by binding cell surface ligands, acting as a molecular bridge or activating signalling pathways. (ox.ac.uk)

Phagocytosis requires the internalization of a significant fraction of the plasma membrane, which results in the intracellular deposition of large particles [ 3354 ]. (nanomedicine.com)
Lidocaine at 30 mM significantly inhibits phagocytosis of latex particles in bovine monocytes [ 3360 ]. (nanomedicine.com)

A long-term multi-organ co-culture system coupled with quantitative imaging to visualize blood cell cycle progression, analyze polarized blood cell mitosis, and track blood cell differentiation kinetics during Drosophila hematopoiesis in homeostatic condition and following infection. (elifesciences.org)
These studies of infection suggest that bacterial infection of TG cells plays a key role in causing abortion and that TG cells are closely linked to the avoidance of maternal immune rejection. (techieindex.net)
Prophylactic infection prevention requires dietary vitamin C intake that provides at least adequate, if not saturating, plasma levels (ie 100-200 mg/day), which optimize cell and tissue levels. (supplementhouse.me)

The melanin-containing cells are also found in bodies with hematopoietic cells, which have phagocytic activity similar to macrophages. (fapesp.br)

Stossel's research included studies of white blood cell structure function in health and disease but predominantly focused on the molecular mechanism of how cells move and change shape. (wikipedia.org)
A mechanism was proposed by which carcinogenesis can be explained as a byproduct of frustrated phagocytosis. (cdc.gov)
What is phagocytosis mechanism? (mybubbaandme.com)

We demonstrate that upon hitting a host cell, motile Pseudomonas aeruginosa induce a specific gene expression program. (elifesciences.org)

instead exogenous galectin-3 increases adhesion to monocytes and macrophages but not epithelial cells. (ox.ac.uk)
During implantation trophoblast cells invade maternal tissue by phagocytosing uterine epithelial cells and stroma15. (techieindex.net)

By manipulating the gene expression of the cells Listeria was invading, the researchers showed that specific molecules known to be involved in endocytosis were essential for successful invasion by Listeria. (foodnavigator.com)

Chronic granulomatous disease is characterized by white blood cells that cannot produce activated oxygen compounds and by defects in phagocytic cell microbicidal function. (msdmanuals.com)

In CGD, white blood cells (WBCs) do not produce hydrogen peroxide , superoxide, and other activated oxygen compounds because nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase activity is deficient. (msdmanuals.com)

We have developed a human Aβ_{1-42} analogue (Aβ^{pH}) that exhibits green fluorescence upon internalization into the acidic organelles of cells but is non-fluorescent at physiological pH. (ucl.ac.uk)

Glycans, either alone or complexed with glycan-binding proteins, can deliver intracellular signals or control extracellular processes that promote initiation, execution and resolution of cell death programs. (nature.com)
What is the precise role of intracellular and extracellular galectins in the control of cell death programs? (nature.com)

This includes our immune response, where immune cells use physical forces to guide target selection and enhance target killing. (wur.nl)

We show that macrophages can eliminate melanoma cells in vitro from rapidly proliferating clusters formed on non-adhesive materials. (aiche.org)
In vitro assays also showed that SDF-1 enriched prostate stromal cells with telocytes. (bvsalud.org)

Herein, we review the role of glycans and glycan-binding proteins as essential components of the cell death machinery during physiologic and pathologic settings. (nature.com)
Hydrolytic enzymes that degrade proteins and polysaccharides attacking the bacterial cell wall are delivered to the phagosome. (mybubbaandme.com)

Diagnosis is by assessing oxygen radical production in white blood cells via a flow cytometric oxidative burst assay. (msdmanuals.com)

What increases phagocytosis? (mybubbaandme.com)
Galectin-3 binds Neisseria meningitidis and increases interaction with phagocytic cells. (ox.ac.uk)

We will conclude that phagocytosis has a tremendous potential to impact on brain physiology and pathology. (frontiersin.org)

The goal of such innovative treatment is double to enhance the drug effect on targeted tumor cells and to reduce the toxic effect of the anticancer drug on normal organs. (springer.com)
This study examined the effect of dietary (200 μg/d for 8 wk) supplementation with selenium (as sodium selenite) on the ability of human peripheral blood lymphocytes to respond to stimulation with alloantigen, develop into cytotoxic lymphocytes, and to destroy tumor cells, and on the activity of natural killer cells. (typeset.io)

Here, the circulating phagocytic hemocytes were chemically depleted by injecting the snails with clodronate liposomes, and the effects on the cephalic tentacle regeneration onset and on Pc-Hemocyanin, Pc-transglutaminase (Pc-TG) and Pc-Allograft Inflammatory Factor-1 (Pc-AIF-1) gene expressions were investigated. (unimore.it)
In the cell-free system, NO that was chemically generated from NaNO2 in acid media (pH 4 and 5) markedly inhibited the growth of P. marneffei. (dadospdf.com)

Cossart's lab had observed that Listeria - which is 20 times the size of the largest particle scientists believed a cell could take in by endocytosis - could invade non-phagocytic cells. (foodnavigator.com)

Wu and colleagues identify gene networks and transcription factors that control the differentiation of stem-like CD8+ CAR T cells into effector or exhausted CD8 + CAR T cells. (nature.com)

From development to aging and disease, the brain parenchyma is under the constant threat of debris accumulation, in the form of dead cells and protein aggregates. (frontiersin.org)
Cell-bound or soluble protein A produced by Staphylococcus aureus [ 1728 ] attaches to the Fc region of IgG and blocks the cytophilic (cell-binding) domain of the antibody. (nanomedicine.com)
TATA-box binding protein is not required for RNA Polymerase II transcription in mouse embryonic stem cells. (elifesciences.org)
Full length human recombinant protein of human FCGR2A (NP_067674) produced in HEK293T cell. (origene.com)
They discovered that when InlB interacts with Met, the cell responds by adding a chemical tag to Met that flags it for protein recycling or degradation. (foodnavigator.com)

Anatomy13

Diseases2

Chemicals and Drugs15

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment2

Phenomena and Processes6

Technology, Industry, Agriculture1

Neutrophils10

Antibody-dependent cellular phagocytosis3

Apoptotic cells7

Cellular12

Phagocytes4

Macrophage12

Uptake4

Dendritic cells7

Receptors12

Neutrophil5

Mechanisms8

Antibodies4

Innate1

Reactive1

Proliferation7

Immunology3

Chemotaxis1

Receptor5

Effector cells1

Antigen4

Apoptosis4

Pathogens3

Bacteria6

Activation5

Tissues4

Glial4

Phagocyte1

Contributes3

Pathogen1

Kupffer2

Microbial2

Modulate1

Interactions2

Mice4

Process6

Biology1

Surface5

Particles2

Infection3

Hematopoietic1

Mechanism3

Induce1

Epithelial Cells2

Molecules1

Function1

Deficient1

Internalization1

Intracellular2

Immune response1

Vitro2

Proteins2

Assay1

Increases2

Physiology1

Tumor cells2

Chemically2

Invade1

Differentiation1

Protein5