Phagocytes phagocytosis. Medical search. Frequent questions

The professional phagocytes include many types of white blood cells (such as neutrophils, monocytes, macrophages, mast cells, and dendritic cells). (wikipedia.org)
After phagocytosis, macrophages and dendritic cells can also participate in antigen presentation, a process in which a phagocyte moves parts of the ingested material back to its surface. (wikipedia.org)
By then evidences were mounting that leucocytes can perform cell eating just like protists, but it was not until Metchnikoff showed that specific leukocytes (in his case macrophages) eat cell that the role of phagocytosis in immunity was realised. (wikipedia.org)
These amoeba-like cells are a type of phagocyte called macrophages. (medlineplus.gov)
However, it takes three times as many of these mesenchymal phagocytes to complete the task and, at each stage of the clearance process - in the recognition of apoptotic debris, its engulfment and finally its digestion - they appear to be less efficient than macrophages. (bris.ac.uk)
A molecular explanation for this may be that several of the engulfment genes expressed by macrophages, including the ABC1 transporter (believed to be part of the phagocytic machinery conserved from Caenorhabditis elegans to mouse), are not upregulated by these 'stand-in' phagocytes. (bris.ac.uk)
Most tissues harbor resident mononuclear phagocytes, that is, dendritic cells and macrophages. (hindawi.com)
Mononuclear phagocytes are a group of phenotypic distinct members, often referred to as either macrophages or dendritic cells (DC), that derive from myeloid precursors and that contribute to the functions of peripheral tissues [ 1 ]. (hindawi.com)
Macrophages are phagocytes found in tissues and maintain tissue homeostasis, regulate inflammation, and play a significant role in host protection. (frontiersin.org)
Phagocytosis was performed by incubation of macrophages for 30 minutes with EA or LA cells in the presence of human serum (HS) and depicted as phagocytosis index (PI, number of Jurkatt internalized by 100 macrophages). (biomedcentral.com)
SAP binds to late apoptotic cells and is involved in the phagocytosis of these cells by human monocyte derived macrophages. (biomedcentral.com)
receptors and conferred enhanced phagocytosis by both macrophages and immature dendritic cells (DN-MFG-E8-Fc) in a dose-dependent manner. (soton.ac.uk)

This process is important in building immunity, and many pathogens have evolved methods to evade attacks by phagocytes. (wikipedia.org)
In this review, we summarized the current knowledge of hemocyte-mediated phagocytosis, in particular focusing on the related receptors for recognition and internalization of pathogens as well as the downstream signal pathways and intracellular regulators involved in the process of hemocyte phagocytosis. (frontiersin.org)
Phagocytosis currently is described as an endocytic process that endogenous foreign particles or pathogens larger than 0.5 μm were first recognized by phagocyte surface receptor and then uptaken and engulfed into a plasma-membrane device, known as phagosome, following initiation of a signaling cascade to generate phagolysosome by fusion of phagosome with lysosomes. (frontiersin.org)
Phagocytosis has been considered as an essential defense mechanism of immune response to pathogens among eukaryotes, which are also implicated in diverse physiological processes, including development, apoptotic, tissue repair, and host defense ( 4 ). (frontiersin.org)
Phagocytes are white blood cells (leukocytes) that engulf pathogens by phagocytosis. (cliffsnotes.com)
Phagocytes arrive at the site of injury and engulf pathogens and damaged cells. (cliffsnotes.com)
Large numbers of phagocytes destroy the pathogens. (wikiteka.com)

some amoebae behave like macrophage phagocytes, which suggests that phagocytes appeared early in the evolution of life. (wikipedia.org)
Due to their considerable plasticity and heterogeneity, the tissue-based DC and macrophage populations have been defined as mononuclear phagocytes [ 1 , 6 , 7 ]. (hindawi.com)

Phagocytosis of bacteria by human neutrophils takes on average nine minutes. (wikipedia.org)
The theory as advanced stated that enzymes involved in the processes of exocytosis and phagocytosis by neutrophils produce large amounts of the reactive superoxide radical which is very toxic. (cdc.gov)
[ 1 ] Immune adherence refers to the process by which bacteria coated with immunoglobulin G (IgG) or immunoglobulin M (IgM) antibody and C3b adhere to erythrocytes, which facilitates phagocytosis by neutrophils. (medscape.com)
Microscope images confirmed that neutrophils appeared to have an important role in leishmania elimination through phagocytosis of amastigotes in the later stages of the disease process. (who.int)

In progressive forms of cutaneous leishmaniasis, parasites and parasite molecules are continuously observed in the interior of the mononuclear phagocytes in the skin lesion and in the marginal sinus of the draining lymph nodes, suggesting that these phagocytes continuously transport parasite and parasite molecules [ 4 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
At the inoculation site, amastigotes are maintained in the interior of the mononuclear phagocytes, and the immunoreactions elicited by these cells are associated with different types of nodular lesions or ulcers. (biomedcentral.com)
The plasticity of mononuclear phagocytes becomes obvious during dynamic or complex disease processes. (hindawi.com)
A tissue-centric view assumes that changing tissue microenvironments shape the phenotypes of their resident and infiltrating mononuclear phagocytes to fulfill the tissue's need to maintain or regain homeostasis. (hindawi.com)
Here we discuss the latter concept, for example, why different organs host different types of mononuclear phagocytes during homeostasis. (hindawi.com)
We further discuss how injuries alter tissue environments and how this primes mononuclear phagocytes to enforce this particular environment, for example, to support host defense and pathogen clearance, to support the resolution of inflammation, to support epithelial and mesenchymal healing, and to support the resolution of fibrosis to the smallest possible scar. (hindawi.com)
Mononuclear phagocytes contributions to tissue pathologies relate to their central roles in orchestrating all stages of host defense and wound healing, which often become maladaptive processes, especially in sterile and/or diffuse tissue injuries. (hindawi.com)
Furthermore, we discuss how published data supports the view that changing tissue environments induce the well-known different phenotypes of mononuclear phagocytes, a process that not only enforces each of the different environments but also explains the contribution of these cells to the different tissue pathologies. (hindawi.com)
Trafficking was carried out by CX(3)CR1(hi) mononuclear phagocytes, an intestinal-cell population previously reported to be non-migratory. (nih.gov)
These findings define a central role for commensals in regulating the migration to the MLNs of CX(3)CR1(hi) mononuclear phagocytes endowed with the ability to capture luminal bacteria, thereby compartmentalizing the intestinal immune response to avoid inflammation. (nih.gov)
The authors review the procoagulant role of mononuclear phagocytes in the activation of blood clotting. (planschwitzer-naturstein.de)

The Fc receptor-dependent function of antibody-dependent cellular phagocytosis (ADCP) provides mechanisms for clearance of virus and virus-infected cells, as well as for stimulation of downstream adaptive immune responses by facilitating antigen presentation, or by stimulating the secretion of inflammatory mediators. (frontiersin.org)
In vitro studies show that Leishmania infection decreases the adhesion of inflammatory phagocytes to connective tissue by a mechanism dependent on the modulation of integrin function. (biomedcentral.com)
In this work, we used a model of chronic peritonitis induced by thioglycollate to study the effect of L. amazonensis infection on the ability of inflammatory phagocyte populations to migrate from an inflammatory site to the draining lymph node. (biomedcentral.com)
Adherence reaction mediated through the CR receptors on phagocytes lead to stimulation of phagocytosis, activation of metabolism and secretory function and movement of phagocytes into the inflammatory site. (dadamo.com)
Reduced levels of TNF- α and IL-1 β and decreased expression of intercellular adhesion molecule- (ICAM-) 1, resulting in diminished interactions between the leukocyte and endothelium and reduced migration of phagocytes to inflammatory sites, have been suggested as possible causes for this increased susceptibility [ 19 - 21 ]. (hindawi.com)
Aug 15, 2008 · Phagocytes are also important sources of pro- and anti- inflammatory cytokines, thus participating in host defenses through a variety of mechanisms . (planschwitzer-naturstein.de)
You have your inflammatory response , which really just gets things to where the action is at and then you also have your phagocytes , which are these cells that are engulfing things . (planschwitzer-naturstein.de)
Apoptotic cells are cleared rapidly by professional phagocytes thus preventing the release of potentially inflammatory or immunogenic material into the surrounding environment. (soton.ac.uk)

Serum components, like serum amyloid P component (SAP), together with membrane receptors on phagocytes play essential roles in the phagocytosis of apoptotic cells. (biomedcentral.com)

Phagocytosis is an ancient, highly conserved process in all multicellular organisms, through which the host can protect itself against invading microorganisms and environmental particles, as well as remove self-apoptotic cells/cell debris to maintain tissue homeostasis. (frontiersin.org)
How do C-type lectins tailor adaptive immunity following phagocytosis of apoptotic cells? (nature.com)
We evaluated SAP binding to early and late apoptotic cells and whether this binding has functional consequences for the phagocytosis of these cells. (biomedcentral.com)
This might have consequences for diseases in which phagocytosis of early apoptotic cells is decreased. (biomedcentral.com)
It facilitates the uptake of apoptotic cells by acting as a bridging molecule between integrins on the phagocyte and phosphatidylserine (PS) on the apoptotic cell surface. (soton.ac.uk)

The main difference between professional and non-professional phagocytes is that the professional phagocytes have molecules called receptors on their surfaces that can detect harmful objects, such as bacteria, that are not normally found in the body. (wikipedia.org)
Non-professional phagocytes do not have efficient phagocytic receptors, such as those for opsonins. (wikipedia.org)

During an infection, chemical signals attract phagocytes to places where the pathogen has invaded the body. (wikipedia.org)
These proteins help attract phagocytes to foreign cells and help destroy foreign cells by promoting cell lysis (breaking open the cell). (cliffsnotes.com)

At the Leishmania inoculation site, various phagocytes have the potential to phagocytize and transport live amastigotes or killed parasites, which may also act as antigens, to the draining lymph node. (biomedcentral.com)
C3b and C4b bind to CR1, which is present on various phagocytes and also on erythrocytes and B cells. (medscape.com)

Phagocytes are cells that protect the body by ingesting harmful foreign particles, bacteria, and dead or dying cells. (wikipedia.org)
These chemicals may come from bacteria or from other phagocytes already present. (wikipedia.org)
When phagocytes come into contact with bacteria, the receptors on the phagocyte's surface will bind to them. (wikipedia.org)
This binding will lead to the engulfing of the bacteria by the phagocyte. (wikipedia.org)
Phagocytosis is the process of taking in particles such as bacteria, invasive fungi, parasites, dead host cells, and cellular and foreign debris by a cell. (wikipedia.org)
Phagocytosis was first observed as a process by which unicellular organisms eat their food, usually smaller organisms like protists and bacteria. (wikipedia.org)
In crustacean, phagocytosis by hemocyte has also been well-recognized as a crucial defense mechanism for the host against infectious agents such as bacteria and viruses. (frontiersin.org)
The process of ingesting uric acid crystals (and other foreign particles such as bacteria) by phagocytes (see above). (goutpal.com)
The phagocytes of the immune system engulf other particles or cells, either to clean an area of debris, old cells, or to kill pathogenic organisms such as bacteria. (planschwitzer-naturstein.de)
Phagocytes are a type of white blood cell that use phagocytosis to engulf bacteria, foreign particles, and dying cells to protect the body . (planschwitzer-naturstein.de)

We propose that additional investigation into the role of ADCP in protective viral responses, the specific virus epitopes targeted by ADCP antibodies, and the types of phagocytes and Fc receptors involved in ADCP at sites of virus infection will provide insight into strategies to successfully leverage this important immune response for improved antiviral immunity through rational vaccine design. (frontiersin.org)

Complement proteins help phagocytes engulf foreign cells and stimulate basophils to release histamine. (cliffsnotes.com)
Lobed or segmented nucleus, often used to describe a white blood cell that can engulf uric acid crystals and other foreign particles (see phagocyte above). (goutpal.com)

Owing to its importance and contributions to the innate and adaptive immune function in relation to human and animal health, phagocytosis still remains of great interests to many scientists. (frontiersin.org)
During the past few decades, hemocyte-mediated phagocytosis, as one of the most important innate cellular immune function, has also received great attention in crustacean, and a good progress in elucidating the involvement of hemocyte-mediated phagocytosis, as well as its protective roles and mechanisms, against bacterial and viral infections has been achieved. (frontiersin.org)
We have discussed the innate immune defense mediated by epithelia and by phagocytes and complement in the underlying tissues in Chapter 2. (nih.gov)

The history of phagocytosis is an account of the discoveries of cells, known as phagocytes, that are capable of eating other cells or particles, and how that eventually established the science of immunology. (wikipedia.org)
The biological theory and concept, experimental observations and the name, phagocyte (from Ancient Greek φαγεῖν (phagein) 'to eat', and κύτος (kytos) 'cell') were introduced by a Ukrainian zoologist Élie Metchnikoff in 1883, the moment regarded as the foundation or birth of immunology. (wikipedia.org)

and foreign particles by phagocytic cells (PHAGOCYTES). (bvsalud.org)

As an example, we provide an experimental protocol for studying phagocytosis of opsonized Streptococcus pyogenes using the THP-1 cell line. (lu.se)

Once inside this phagocyte, the bacterium is trapped in a compartment called a phagosome. (wikipedia.org)

CR1 participates in immune adherence and phagocytosis. (medscape.com)

Describe the types of phagocytes and their roles in initiating an immune response . (planschwitzer-naturstein.de)

Phagocytes are crucial in fighting infections, as well as in maintaining healthy tissues by removing dead and dying cells that have reached the end of their lifespan. (wikipedia.org)
Some phagocytes then travel to the body's lymph nodes and display the material to white blood cells called lymphocytes. (wikipedia.org)
Mechnikov traveled to Vienna and shared his ideas with Carl Friedrich Claus who suggested the name "phagocyte" (from the Greek words phagein, meaning "to eat or devour", and kutos, meaning "hollow vessel") for the cells that Mechnikov had observed. (wikipedia.org)
He went on to extend his observations to the white blood cells of mammals and discovered that the bacterium Bacillus anthracis could be engulfed and killed by phagocytes, a process that he called phagocytosis. (wikipedia.org)
The first demonstration of phagocytosis as a property of leukocytes, the immune cells, was from the German zoologist Ernst Haeckel. (wikipedia.org)
It was a direct evidence of phagocytosis by immune cells. (wikipedia.org)
Here, we demonstrate that upon phagocytosis of SARS-CoV-2-infected cells, MDMs are activated and secrete IL-6 and TNF. (nature.com)
Phagocytes find the site of injury by chemotaxis, the movement of cells in response to chemical gradients (provided here by alarm chemicals). (cliffsnotes.com)
Increase phagocytosis, which is the process of scavenging for and ingesting dead or degenerated cells by phagocyte cells for the purpose of clean up. (nutrimedical.com)
Phagocytosis is the ingestion of micro-creatures by certain cells of living systems for counter nutrition (breakdown of the micro-creature into basic components) as part of cellular adaptive immune response. (scirp.org)
These particular cells are called phagocytes, all of which are different types of white blood cells or their derivatives. (scirp.org)

The concurrent application of low-intensity laser radiation and a magnetic field not only stimulated phagocytosis but also increased intracellular production of active oxygen species especially under in vitro conditions. (eurekamag.com)

An immune-centric view assumes that a particular priming of phagocytes then causes a particular type of pathology in target tissues, conceptually similar to antigen-specific T-cell priming. (hindawi.com)

Mechnikov proposed that phagocytes were a primary defense against invading organisms. (wikipedia.org)

By using dose-response curve principles for both experimental design and analysis, it is possible to increase the sensitivity and robustness, leading to accurate quantification of phagocytosis that is comparable across experiments and systems.Here, we describe how to quantify phagocytosis using flow cytometry with a robust, high-throughput, and easy-to-use approach. (lu.se)

Disturbances in one of these factors might reduce phagocytosis and induce autoimmunity. (biomedcentral.com)

The fundamental theory of phagocytosis was first described by Élie Metchnikoff in 1882, which has been gradually established and well-understood over the past two centuries ( 1 ). (frontiersin.org)

The general process given by Kölliker correlates with modern understanding of phagocytosis as a feeding method. (wikipedia.org)

It can be assessed on both the population and single-cell level of the phagocytes, separating adhesion and internalization. (lu.se)
The CD11/CD18 complex is part of the beta-2 integrin family and is important in adhesion and phagocytosis (see Table 1). (medscape.com)

Phagocytes are activated by certain components of the micro-creatures which act as an antigen, generating an- tibody secretion by the phagocyte. (scirp.org)

Phagocytosis occurs after the foreign body, a bacterial cell, for example, has bound to molecules called "receptors" that are on the surface of the phagocyte. (wikipedia.org)

Phagocytosis is broadly used in two ways in different organisms, for feeding in unicellular organisms (protists) and for immune response to protect the body against infections in metazoans. (wikipedia.org)
This paper develops a digital CMOS circuit model of phagocytosis: the immune response biochemical pathway of a pha- gocyte. (scirp.org)

When exocytosis occurs there is a danger that substantial amounts of oxygen radicals may emerge around the phagocyte edges. (cdc.gov)

Although the importance of these discoveries slowly gained acceptance during the early twentieth century, the intricate relationships between phagocytes and all the other components of the immune system were not known until the 1980s. (wikipedia.org)

Dysfunction of neutrophil granulocytes in these patients was manifest in the first place as the decreased number of phagocytes and the low rate of phagocytosis. (eurekamag.com)

The prey is first fluorescently double stained, followed by optional opsonization before being introduced to the phagocyte in a wide range of ratios. (lu.se)

The common characteristics of such foreign bodies are their smoothness, flexibility, and a size too large for easy encompassing by phagocytes. (cdc.gov)

abstract = "Phagocytosis is relevant for many research fields and is often measured as a functional outcome. (lu.se)

There are many ways to measure phagocytosis, but what is often overlooked is the importance of experimental design and how the analysis is planned and performed. (lu.se)
Experimental factors like reaction volume, time, and phagocyte-prey concentrations often have a large impact on the outcome, as is the choice of detection strategy with different fluorescent or colorimetric labels of prey and phagocyte. (lu.se)

Phagocytes are important throughout the animal kingdom and are highly developed within vertebrates. (wikipedia.org)

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