Pericardiectomy pericardial effusion. Medical search. Frequent questions

After 10 weeks of maximal medical therapy for inflammatory pericarditis, including non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), colchicine, steroids, and anakinra, at least 100 ml of pericardial citric liquid has been daily drained suggesting no clinical improvement. (unimi.it)
Pericardiectomy is used to treat constrictive pericarditis, which is caused by a variety of conditions. (wikipedia.org)
Acute and subacute forms of pericarditis (which may or may not be symptomatic) may deposit fibrin, which, in turn, can evoke a pericardial effusion. (medscape.com)
This often leads to pericardial organization, chronic fibrotic scarring, and calcification, most often involving the parietal pericardium (see Constrictive-Effusive Pericarditis for visceral pericardial disease). (medscape.com)
The major risk factors associated with poor prognosis in acute pericarditis include high fever, subacute course, evidence of large pericardial effusion, cardiac tamponade and failure to respond within seven days to non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). (escardio.org)
The echocardiogram may disclose pericardial effusions and indicate their hemodynamic significance, but it is often normal in inflammatory pericarditis. (health.am)
Rare patients will continue to experience recurrences chronically, sometimes leading to constrictive pericarditis, when pericardial resection may be required. (health.am)
Proposed diagnostic criteria for recurrent pericarditis include recurrent chest pain and 1 or more of the following signs: fever, pericardial friction rubs, electrocardiographic changes, echocardiographic evidence of new or worsening pericardial effusion, or elevated markers of inflammation (ie, elevated leukocyte count, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, or C-reactive protein level). (revespcardiol.org)
The exact cause of pericarditis and the pericardial mass remain uncertain. (amjcaserep.com)
In diffuse pericardial thickening, the heart may be encased by an effusive-constrictive pericarditis . (medscape.com)
He was diagnosed with constrictive pericarditis, which had led to a pericardial effusion, and had been observed for a week, after which he was sent into surgery for pericardiectomy, and pericardiocentesis. (lettersfromthisheart.com)
Pericardial diseases can present clinically as acute pericarditis, pericardial effusion, cardiac tamponade, and constrictive pericarditis. (elsevierpure.com)
MR features of tuberculous pericarditis include presence of a diffuse edematous imbibition of visceral layers which can be recognized using T2-weighted sequences and is usually associate with a variable amount of effusion and irregular thickening of the membrane. (diagnosticimaging.com)
In a very simplistic view young animals show effusions due to congenital on infectious causes, large middle aged dogs suffer idiopathic hemorrhagic pericarditis and old dogs mostly tumoral in origin. (vin.com)
We report a case of a young female patient who presented with adhesive pericarditis that mimicked a pericardial tumour. (sajr.org.za)
The patient presents with acute tuberculous pericarditis with large exudative effusion. (your-doctor.net)
Pericardial biopsy (Answer d) is incorrect as tuberculous pericarditis can be defined by the interferon gamma and ADA elevation. (your-doctor.net)
Pericarditis is inflammation of the pericardium, often with fluid accumulation in the pericardial space. (msdmanuals.com)
Pericarditis is the most common pericardial disorder. (msdmanuals.com)
Acute pericarditis develops quickly, causing inflammation of the pericardial sac and often a pericardial effusion. (msdmanuals.com)
BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to analyze the preoperative attributes and clinical impacts of complete pericardiectomy in chronic constrictive pericarditis. (koreamed.org)
BACKGROUND: Effusive-constrictive pericarditis (ECP) is traditionally diagnosed by using the expensive and invasive technique of direct pressure measurements in the pericardial space and the right atrium. (koreamed.org)
abstract: Tuberculous pericarditis, while relatively rare in the United States, is an important cause of pericardial disease in countries where tuberculosis is prevalent. (patientcareonline.com)
In addition to a standard antituberculosis regimen, treatment of tuberculous pericarditis may include adjuvant therapy with corticosteroids, pericardiocentesis, and/or pericardiectomy. (patientcareonline.com)
Surgery called pericardiectomy may be needed if the pericarditis is long-lasting, comes back after treatment, or causes scarring or tightening of the tissue around the heart. (medlineplus.gov)
Pericarditis occurring 1-4 weeks-although can be longer-after an MI secondary to myocardial or pericardial damage. (dontfckfinals.com)
Constrictive pericarditis is marked by the development of granulation tissue within the pericardial sac, causing a decline in its elasticity. (medtigo.com)
The pathophysiology of chronic constrictive pericarditis implicates the gradual closure of the pericardial cavity due to the formation of granulation tissue, which occurs during the healing process of an acute episode of fibrinous through the absorption of a chronic pericardial effusion. (medtigo.com)
On a global scale, tuberculosis is the primary cause of constrictive pericarditis, contributing to approximately 50% of cases in individuals with tuberculous pericardial effusion, even when undergoing antitubercular treatment. (medtigo.com)
Acute Pericarditis can result in Pericardial Tamponade and can lead to chronic or constrictive Pericarditis . (ecureme.com)
Pericarditis or constrictive pericarditis Constrictive pericarditis Inflammation of the pericardium that is characterized by the fibrous scarring and adhesion of both serous layers, the visceral pericardium and the parietal pericardium leading to the loss of pericardial cavity. (lecturio.com)

A 12-year-old boy with necrotizing arteritis developed massive pericardial effusion and cardiac tamponade. (jamanetwork.com)
10 Cardiac tamponade is characterized by hemodynamic instability due to heart compression by the accumulation of fluid, blood, clots, or gas in the pericardial space. (acls.com)
10 If fluid accumulation is gradual, pericardial pressure remains low because the pericardium can increase its compliance by undergoing stretch, which is accomplished by an increase in surface area and mass. 5 With continued accumulation of fluid, the intrapericardial pressure eventually increases and becomes high enough to impede cardiac filling-at which time, cardiac function becomes impaired and cardiac tamponade can be considered to be present. (acls.com)
The true incidence of cardiac tamponade is difficult to estimate, but pericardial diseases likely to progress to tamponade include some infectious diseases (e.g., human immunodeficiency virus infection or tuberculosis), malignancies, renal failure, trauma/iatrogenic, and hemopericardium in aortic dissection and rupture of the heart after acute myocardial infarction. (acls.com)
Two of the most common treatments for severe pericardial effusion and cardiac tamponade are pericardiocentesis and pericardiectomy. (acls.com)
It is an important sign of cardiac tamponade, though on occasion, severe respiratory distress of any cause ( asthma , emphysema, pleural effusion ) may give rise to this sign. (medscape.com)
In pericardial effusion , mainly when intrapericardial pressure rises higher that right heart filling pressures, which is called cardiac tamponade, clinical signs are in close relationship with the chronic or acute onset orf the condition. (vin.com)
Cardiac tamponade occurs when a large pericardial effusion impairs cardiac filling, leading to low cardiac output and sometimes shock and death. (msdmanuals.com)
In pericardial or Cardiac Tamponade (PT), blood or fluid can also collect in the pericardium and cause heart problems. (ecureme.com)
If cardiac tamponade Tamponade Pericardial effusion, usually of rapid onset, exceeding ventricular filling pressures and causing collapse of the heart with a markedly reduced cardiac output. (lecturio.com)

This included the cardiology team for pericardiocentesis, the cardiac surgical team for pericardiectomy due to recurrent pericardial effusions and finally the haematology team for further specialist treatment with pegylated interferon and consideration of BRAF inhibitor therapy. (bmj.com)
The patients were divided into three categories: simple pericardiocentesis, balloon pericardiotomy, and surgical pericardiectomy. (bvsalud.org)
CONCLUSIONS: Patients who have undergone simple pericardiocentesis alone for the management of NSCLC-related pericardial effusion have lower 1-year RFS rates than those who have undergone balloon pericardiotomy and surgical pericardiectomy. (bvsalud.org)
7,8 Other cases may be related to an autoinflammatory disease (ie, familial Mediterranean fever) or an infective cause (usually viral either as chronic infection, reinfection or new infection, as demonstrated in up to one-third of recurrent pericardial effusions requiring pericardiocentesis). (revespcardiol.org)
Pericardial Disease: Pericardiocentesis, Partial or subtotal pericardiectomy. (petmoo.com)

This often leads to pericardial inflammation, chronic fibrotic scarring, calcification, and restricted cardiac filling. (medscape.com)
Fetal heart failure leads to pericardial effusion. (healthfully.com)

Pericardiectomy is the surgical removal of part or most of the pericardium. (wikipedia.org)
Pericardiectomy takes place by removing the infected, fibrosed, or otherwise damaged pericardium. (wikipedia.org)
When the portion of pericardium lying between the two phrenic nerves is excised, it is called total pericardiectomy. (wikipedia.org)
In cases where total pericardiectomy is not possible, subtotal pericardiectomy is performed or, in extreme cases, a cruciate incision on the pericardium is performed. (wikipedia.org)
If complications develop, part of the pericardium may sometimes need to be removed with surgery (pericardiectomy). (medlineplus.gov)
CT demonstrated a normal pericardium with pleural effusions. (symptoma.com)
Upon recurrence surgical elimination of the pericardium or pericardiectomy is really helpful. (apklas.com)
The pericardium consists of 2 layers, the visceral pericardium (epicardium) and the parietal pericardium, which enclose a potential space (ie, the pericardial cavity) between them. (medscape.com)
Inflammation of the pericardium or obstruction of lymphatic drainage from the pericardium of any etiology causes an increase in fluid volume, referred to as a pericardial effusion. (medscape.com)
Secondary neoplasms can involve the pericardium by contiguous extension from a mediastinal mass, nodular tumor deposits from hematogenous or lymphatic spread, and diffuse pericardial thickening from tumor infiltration (with or without effusion). (medscape.com)
Structural abnormalities including congenitally absent pericardium and pericardial cysts are usually asymptomatic and are uncommon. (elsevierpure.com)
Pericardial effusion is accumulation of fluid in the pericardium. (msdmanuals.com)
There may be other signs of excess fluid in the pericardium (pericardial effusion). (medlineplus.gov)
(B) a CT scan of the thorax showing thickened pericardium with areas of calcification, and bilateral pleural effusions. (biomedcentral.com)
Chest computed tomography scan also revealed thickened pericardium, up to 3 mm in diameter, minimal amount of pericardial effusion, a patchy fibrotic infiltration with bronchiectasis over the right upper lung, irregular thickening of the right intermediate bronchus, and obstruction of the right middle lung bronchus with consolidation and atelectasis of right middle lobe (Figure 1B ). (biomedcentral.com)
Dyspnea is caused by an accumulation of fluid between the heart and the pericardium, a space called the pericardial sac, which restricts the movement of the heart. (healthcourses.com.au)
Using echo, a cardiologist can insert a needle in between the pericardial layers, and draw out a small amount of fluid (percardiocentesis), or take a small piece of pericardium (pericardial biopsy). (ecureme.com)
The latter consists of an outer parietal layer facing the fibrous pericardium, and an inner visceral layer (epicardium) resting next to the heart, and a pericardial cavity between these two layers. (lecturio.com)

Her investigations included an echocardiogram, which revealed a large pericardial effusion and a subsequent CT-thorax/abdomen/pelvis showing extensive retroperitoneal, pericardial and periaortic inflammation and soft-tissue infiltration. (bmj.com)
Pathologic analysis of the pericardial mass demonstrated fibrosis and no evidence of active inflammation, rheumatoid arthritis, opportunistic infection, or malignancy. (amjcaserep.com)
furthermore, pericardial thickness is usually non-assessable with ultrasound with obvious limited accuracy in presence of suspicious overlapping inflammation. (diagnosticimaging.com)
Active inflammation is also characterized by a variable degree of pericardial enhancement. (diagnosticimaging.com)

According to the multivariable analysis, the gravity in pericardial fluid analysis, receiving systemic therapy after pericardial effusion, and the time period from stage IV lung cancer to the presence of pericardial effusion were independent prognostic factors for pericardial effusion RFS and OS. (bvsalud.org)
The mere presence of pericardial effusion does not necessarily imply pericardial infiltration by malignant cells. (medscape.com)

Heart involvement is anecdotal, and <30 cases of cardiac RDD (cRDD) have been reported so far.Case Presentation: A 46-year old woman with positive clinical history for RDD was admitted to our cardiology department with transthoracic echocardiography diagnosis of severe pericardial effusion and right atrial masses. (unimi.it)
Regular clinical and echocardiography evaluation was performed without pericardial effusion recurrence after 2 years of follow-up.Conclusions: This is the first case ever reported of cRDD who survived after 2 years of follow-up. (unimi.it)
Echocardiography is the main diagnostic method for detection of pericardial effusion and tamponade. (acls.com)
Second line imaging with CT MR is usually required to rule out underlying secondary causes of effusion (e.g. neoplastic lesions) or when a complex inhomogeneously echoic exudate is observed at echocardiography. (diagnosticimaging.com)
An electrocardiography showed ST elevation in multiple lead and thoracic echocardiography revealed moderate pericardial effusion. (koreamed.org)

Systolic function is rarely affected until late in the course of the disease, presumably secondary to infiltrative processes that affect the myocardium, atrophy, or scarring or fibrosis of the myocardium from the overlying adjacent pericardial disease. (medscape.com)
Widespread saddle ST elevation, not confined to a specific lead, showing that ischaemia is occurring to all areas of the myocardium due to pericardial compression. (dontfckfinals.com)

citation needed] Heart function often recovers very quickly after pericardiectomy is performed, although the surgery itself can cause reduced cardiac output in the short term. (wikipedia.org)

Pleural effusion is an irregular accumulation of fluid within the pleural house which is the cavity between the lungs and the thoracic wall. (apklas.com)
Pleural effusion refers back to the irregular accumulation of fluid inside the chest cavity. (apklas.com)
Rapid accumulation of fluid is poorly tolerated, whereas slow accumulation may allow large amounts of pericardial fluid to collect without producing symptoms. (medscape.com)
Accumulation of fluid within the pericardial space → ↑ intra-pericardial pressure → Restriction of cardiac filling → ↓ cardiac output. (dontfckfinals.com)

Pericardial diseases. (medlineplus.gov)
2015 ESC guidelines for the diagnosis and management of pericardial diseases: The Task Force for the Diagnosis and Management of Pericardial Diseases of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) Endorsed by: The European Association for Cardio-Thoracic Surgery (EACTS), with permission from Oxford University Press. (escardio.org)
Clinicians are often faced with several diagnostic and management questions relating to the various pericardial syndromes: What are the diagnostic criteria for the vast array of pericardial diseases? (elsevierpure.com)
This review represents the currently available evidence and the experiences from the pericardial clinic at our institution to help guide the clinician in answering difficult diagnostic and management questions on pericardial diseases. (elsevierpure.com)
Guidelines on the diagnosis and management of pericardial diseases. (jamanetwork.com)
Genetic counseling and testing in cardiomyopathies: a position statement of the European Society of Cardiology working group on myocardial and pericardial diseases // Eur. (vitapol.com.ua)
Serous effusions are associated with pericardial diseases. (lecturio.com)

We describe a patient with stable rheumatoid arthritis who developed subacute right heart compression syndrome secondary to pericardial effusion and fibrous pericardial mass. (amjcaserep.com)

Pericardial liquid analysis demonstrated no malignant cells, but immunohistochemical analysis resulted positive for AE1-AE3, D2-40, S100, and CD68 consistent with an RDD diagnosis. (unimi.it)
A pericardiectomy established the diagnosis of allergic granulomatous angiitis of Churg and Strauss. (jamanetwork.com)
Diagnosis is based on symptoms, a friction rub, electrocardiographic changes, and evidence of pericardial fluid accumulation on x-ray or echocardiogram. (msdmanuals.com)
The presence of granulomas or case-ation necrosis in pericardial tissue confirms the diagnosis. (patientcareonline.com)
The definite diagnosis is based on one of the following criteria: (1) positive Mycobaterium tuberculosis culture from pericardial effusion or tissue, (2) positive acid-fast stain bacilli or typical caseous granuloma on pericardial biopsy specimen, or (3) positive tuberculosis polymerase chain reaction in the pericardial biopsy specimen [ 7 ]. (biomedcentral.com)

clinical pulmonary involvement may be absent or minor, although associated pleural effusions are common. (health.am)
Lymphosarcoma pulmonary carcinoma metastatic carcinomas and hemangiosarcomas have all been reported to trigger neoplastic effusions. (apklas.com)
Changes are related to variations in intrathoracic and intraabdominal pressure, systemic and pulmonary venous return, intrapericardial pressure, pericardial constraint and interdependence between the four cardiac chambers. (biomedcentral.com)
Fluid accumulation in the lungs (pleural effusion), within the lungs (pulmonary edema), and abdomen (ascites). (petmoo.com)

The patient was a 58-year-old woman with rheumatoid arthritis who presented with right ventricular compression caused by a pericardial fibrotic mass and a large pericardial effusion. (amjcaserep.com)
BACKGROUND: Post-pericardiectomy right ventricular (RV) failure has been reported but it remains not well-studied. (koreamed.org)
This results in augmented right ventricular filling and stroke volume and, as the total pericardial space is limited, a compensatory decrease in left ventricular stroke volume occurs in early inspiration. (biomedcentral.com)

We describe a patient with stable rheumatoid arthritis who presented with a large pericardial effusion and a compressive fibrotic pericardial mass. (amjcaserep.com)
There is a need for increased awareness of the association between use of TNF-α antagonists and the possible development of an intrapericardial fibrotic mass and effusion. (amjcaserep.com)

She was successfully treated with surgical pericardiectomy and resection of the pericardial mass. (amjcaserep.com)

Surgical management was judged clinically indicated, and 2 months after admission, the patient underwent pericardiectomy and debulking of atrial mass with freezing of remaining atrial neoformation. (unimi.it)
Therefore, balloon pericardiotomy and surgical pericardiectomy should be carried out for patients with NSCLC-related pericardial effusion if tolerable. (bvsalud.org)
The safety and effectiveness of surgical drainage of pericardial fluid via pericardiectomy (complete or partial) or the creation of a pericardial window are well recognized. (medscape.com)
When should surgical pericardiectomy be considered? (elsevierpure.com)
These basic thoracic surgical procedures are, in this lecture, Patent Ductus Arteriosus, Persistent Right Aortic Arch and Pericardiectomy. (vin.com)
Surgical intervention is still the treatment of choice when the patient has the symptoms or signs of pericardial constriction and right heart failure. (biomedcentral.com)

It may also be used for severe or recurrent cases of pericardial effusion. (wikipedia.org)

Maisch BRistic A Practical aspects of the management of pericardial disease. (jamanetwork.com)

Congenital pericardial disorders are rare. (msdmanuals.com)

Cysts, infection and an abnormal opening between the abdomen and chest cavity, can also lead to pericardial effusion. (healthfully.com)

She had a history of a tuberculous pericardial effusion one year prior to admission and had completed a regimen consisting of six months of anti-tuberculous therapy and steroids. (sajr.org.za)

Pericardiectomy can cause a number of cardiac issues, such as arrhythmia, low cardiac output syndrome, and myocardial infarction (in rare cases). (wikipedia.org)
Pericardial and myocardial disease. (medlineplus.gov)

There may be a rubbing sound (called a pericardial friction rub, not to be confused with a heart murmur). (medlineplus.gov)
A pericardial friction rub is characteristic, with or without evidence of fluid accumulation or constriction (see below). (health.am)

Examination revealed raised jugular venous pressure (JVP), pitting pedal oedema, muffled heart sounds, bilateral pleural effusion and hepatomegaly . (symptoma.com)
Bilateral pleural effusion, patchy infiltration at right middle lung field, and cardiomegaly were noted on chest X-ray (Figure 1A ). (biomedcentral.com)

Any age canine might be affected though one examine famous the median age of canines with idiopathic pericardial effusion was 7 years whereas in canines with nonidiopathic effusions the median age was 9 years. (apklas.com)
Most pericardial effusions are hemorrhagic, be it due to tumors like hemangiosarcomas of the right auricle, heart base tumors, mesotheliomas, or idiopathic. (vin.com)

When pericardial effusion occurs, chamber capacity may be reduced. (medscape.com)
Pericardial Mesothelioma occurs when asbestos fibers become embedded in the lining of the heart. (coxcoxfilo.com)

There is some risk of damage to the pleural cavities around the lungs, which can lead to pneumonia, or pleural effusion. (wikipedia.org)
A buildup of fluid in the covering of the heart or space around the lungs (pericardial effusion) is not common after a heart attack. (medlineplus.gov)
Pleural effusion most cancers life expectancy - Malignant pleural effusion is a complication involving the buildup of fluid containing most cancers cells between the membranes overlaying the lungs. (apklas.com)
Pleural effusion can have quite a few totally different causes together with ailments of the guts lungs or different systemic ailments. (apklas.com)
To come back to a analysis of pleural effusion your veterinarian will have a look at your canines signs hearken to his coronary heart and lungs and will take X-rays CT scans or ultrasounds. (apklas.com)
In pleural effusion the fluid shouldn't be discovered inside the lungs however as a substitute inside the pleural sac. (apklas.com)

Pericardial involvement often follows upper respiratory infection. (health.am)
Pericardial involvement in patients with malignancy is common. (medscape.com)
Pericardial involvement accounts for most of the manifestations of cardiac tuberculosis. (diagnosticimaging.com)

After pericardiectomy, the heart takes on a more rounded shape due to the lack of stretch with the diaphragm. (wikipedia.org)
In some cases, excess fluid surrounding the heart (pericardial effusion) may need to be removed. (medlineplus.gov)
When pressure is increased within the pericardial space, filling pressure is elevated in all chambers of the heart. (medscape.com)
Excessive fluid buildup around the heart, known as pericardial effusion, can be diagnosed on fetal ultrasound. (healthfully.com)
Loculated effusion may cause localized tamponade on the right or left side of the heart. (msdmanuals.com)
When listening to the heart with a stethoscope, the health care provider can hear a sound called a pericardial rub. (medlineplus.gov)
This may result in an increase in the amount of fluid (pericardial effusion) between the outer and inner layers that may compress the heart and restrict its pumping action. (ecureme.com)

Permanyer-Miralda GSagrista-Sauleda JSoler-Soler J Primary acute pericardial disease: a prospective series of 231 consecutive patients. (jamanetwork.com)
Imazio MTrinchero R Clinical management of acute pericardial disease: a review of results and outcomes. (jamanetwork.com)

Kaplan-Meier curve and log-rank test were used to analyze the pericardial effusion recurrence-free survival (RFS) and overall survival (OS). (bvsalud.org)

The inflammatory process appears on CT as a diffuse and irregular thickening of pericardial line In addition, CT allows a precise individuation of calcifications. (diagnosticimaging.com)

The patient was cured by pericardial stripping and anti-tuberculosis chemotherapy. (biomedcentral.com)
It is very hard to detect but can be treated by a special surgery, called pericardiectomy, chemotherapy, and radiation. (coxcoxfilo.com)

It is unknown, however, whether the different invasive interventions for pericardial effusion result in different survival outcomes. (bvsalud.org)

METHODS: From January 2006 to June 2018, we collected data from patients with NSCLC who have received invasive intervention for pericardial effusions. (bvsalud.org)

Management of the pericardial tuberculosis is complex. (diagnosticimaging.com)
An elevated level of adenosine deaminase in pericardial fluid is a good marker for tuberculosis. (patientcareonline.com)

Pericardial effusions are usually small or moderate but may be large. (health.am)
Short Axis Cardiac MRI shows moderate pericardial effusion (transparent arrow) mainly along the posterior and anterior walls, with thickened appearance of the pericardial layers (white arrow). (diagnosticimaging.com)
A moderate pericardial effusion was also noted. (diagnosticimaging.com)

Pericardial effusion on ultrasound may also indicate an increased risk of Down syndrome in a fetus 1 . (healthfully.com)

4 This identical examine discovered the next prevalence of pericardial effusions in male canines. (apklas.com)

Pleural effusion or water on the lung can resemble a respiratory an infection. (apklas.com)
In PRAA some respiratory disfunction due to aspiration pneumonia can be present and animals to undergo pericardiectomy may have some circulatory abnormalities and tissue oxygenation deficits. (vin.com)

Pericardiectomy may not be appropriate for patients who already have a poor prognosis, as its medical benefit is reduced. (wikipedia.org)
Some patients may undergo conservative treatment for a number of months before pericardiectomy is considered truly necessary. (wikipedia.org)
After surgery, many patients will have a chest drain to remove pericardial fluid. (wikipedia.org)
indeed, the majority of patients have no symptoms specific to the effusion. (acls.com)
To investigate imaging parameters that could predict RV function and the outcome of patients post-pericardiectomy. (koreamed.org)

10 Electrocardiography may show signs of large pericardial effusion, with especially low QRS voltage and electrical alternans, 4 which is an electrocardiographic phenomenon defined as an alternating amplitude or axis of the QRS complexes in any or all leads. (acls.com)

2] Pleural fluid analysis If the patient also has a pleural effusion, aspiration of that fluid can be done. (symptoma.com)
however, the salient findings in the fluid analysis are the elevated interferon gamma, ADA, and normal peripheral white blood cell count with pericardial lymphocyte predominance. (your-doctor.net)

Anatomy3

Diseases11

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment9

Health Care1

Pericarditis31

Cardiac tamponade10

Pericardiocentesis5

Leads to pericardial2

Pericardium18

Inflammation4

Presence of pericardial effusion2

Echocardiography5

Myocardium2

Reduced cardiac output1

Accumulation of fluid4

Diseases7

Subacute1

Diagnosis5

Pulmonary4

Right ventricular3

Fibrotic2

Resection1

Surgical6

Severe1

Management of pericardial1

Congenital1

Cavity1

Tuberculous1

Myocardial2

Friction2

Bilateral pleural2

Idiopathic2

Occurs2

Lungs6

Involvement3

Heart7

Disease2

Recurrence1

Diffuse1

Chemotherapy2

Outcomes1

Invasive1

Tuberculosis2

Moderate3

Ultrasound1

Prevalence1

Respiratory2

Patients5

Large1

Fluid analysis2