Peptide agouti signaling protein. Medical search. Frequent questions

Angiotensin II (Ang-II) type 1 (AT1A) receptors in Agouti-related peptide (AgRP) neurons contribute to the integrative control of RMR, and deletion of AT1A from AgRP neurons causes RMR adaptation. (bvsalud.org)
Following diet-induced obesity, a subset of Ang-II/AT1A-inhibited AgRP neurons undergo a spontaneous G-protein "signal switch," whereby AT1A stop inhibiting the cell via Gαi and instead begin stimulating the cell via Gαq. (bvsalud.org)
More specifically, AT1R within Agouti-related peptide (AgRP) neurons of the arcuate nucleus of the hypothalamus (ARC) has been implicated in selected effects of DOCA-salt. (bvsalud.org)
4 In the ARC, there are two distinct neuronal populations: one group of neurons produces the orexigenic neuropeptides neuropeptide Y (NPY) and agouti-related peptide (AgRP), whereas the other subset of neurons expresses the anorexigenic neuropeptides proopiomelanocortin (POMC), and cocaine- and amphetamine-regulated transcript. (nature.com)
Risperidone-induced weight gain is associated with a number of factors, including gene polymorphisms ( 12 - 14 ), exercise ( 15 - 17 ), peripheral molecules ( 18 ), and hyperphagia caused by regulating the expression of melanocortin-4 receptor (MC4R), neuropeptide Y (NPY), and agouti-related peptide (AgRP) ( 19 - 21 ). (frontiersin.org)
Therefore, the appetite-regulating neuropeptides in the hypothalamic ARC, including neuropeptide Y (NPY), agouti-related peptides (AgRP), proopiomelanocortin (POMC), cocaine and amphetamine regulated transcript (CART), and ghrelin, were measured by Immunofluorescence. (ijsciences.com)
Compared with WT mice, the levels of CART, POMC and ghrelin increased, the levels of NPY and AgRP decreased, whereas the mRNA levels of UCP-1, UCP-2 increased, the protein levels of UCP-2 increased in fat-1 mice. (ijsciences.com)
While neurons that express the agouti-related protein (Agrp) increase appetite, those that produce POMC promote a feeling of fullness. (geneticobesitynews.com)
Neuronal cells expressing pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC), neuropeptide-Y/agouti-related protein (NPY/AgRP) were generated from human embryonic stem cells (ESCs) and induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) obtained from patients with monogenic forms of obesity. (columbia.edu)
Central administration of FGF19, endocrine FGF subfamily, reduces the neuronal activity of neurons co-expressing neuropeptide Y (NPY) and agouti-related peptide (NPY/AgRP), thereby improving glucose metabolism and decreasing body weight of mice fed high-fat diet (HFD) [ 7 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Increase of energy accumulation elicits leptin release and simultaneous inhibition of orexigenic neurons expressing neuropeptide Y (NPY) and agouti-related peptide (AgRP), as well as activation of the anorexigenic proopiomelanocortin (POMC) neurons within the hypothalamic arcuate nucleus (ARC). (frontiersin.org)
AgRP to Kiss1 neuron signaling links nutritional state. (ncsu.edu)
Here, we find that starvation-activated agouti-related peptide (AgRP) neurons can inhibit the reproductive neuroendocrine circuit. (ncsu.edu)

Endothelin-1 Protects Human Melanocytes from UV-Induced DNA Damage by Activating JNK and p38 Signaling Pathways. (uc.edu)
The potential signaling pathways for RIL were identified and experimentally validated using gene ontology (GO) enrichment and Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes (KEGG) analysis. (frontiersin.org)
These studies have served to highlight the role of AND-34/BCAR3 and p130Cas in cell adhesion and migration signaling pathways. (molvis.org)
Leptin-activated leptin receptor (LepRb) signals in hypothalamus via several pathways, in which JAK2-STAT3 pathway, the most extensively investigated one, is considered to mediate the major action of leptin in energy regulation. (biomedcentral.com)
He is concerned with both the physiological processes involved and the signalling pathways which direct them. (aru.ac.uk)
This includes both transport processes and intracellular signalling pathways. (aru.ac.uk)
A collagen domain-derived short adiponectin peptide activates APPL1 and AMPK signaling pathways and improves glucose and fatty acid metabolisms. (phoenixpeptide.com)
Three candidate peptides, BHD1028, BHD43, and BHD44 were selected and confirmed to activate AdipoR1-mediated signal pathways. (phoenixpeptide.com)
Calcium is a major constituent of bones and teeth and also plays an essential role as second messenger in cell-signaling pathways. (oregonstate.edu)

In protein science, Neurotrophins are a family of closely related growth factor proteins , that in the body, induce the survival, development and function of neurons, by activating at least two different classes of receptors, the Trk family of receptor tyrosine kinases and the p75NTR, a member of the TNF receptor superfamily. (wellnessadvantage.com)
Chronic antagonism of melanocortin receptors by the paracrine-acting agouti gene product induces both yellow fur and a maturity-onset obesity syndrome in mice that ubiquitously express wild-type agouti. (jax.org)
These findings implicate a functional role for the agouti basic domain in vivo, possibly influencing the biogenesis of secreted agouti protein or modulating protein-protein interactions that contribute to effective antagonism of melanocortin receptors. (jax.org)
Linda is also concerned with the regulation of G-protein couple receptors and melanocortin 1 receptor signalling. (aru.ac.uk)
Rarely, obesity results from abnormal levels of peptides that regulate food intake (eg, leptin) or abnormalities in their receptors (eg, melanocortin-4 receptor). (msdmanuals.com)

Neuropeptide Y/agouti-related protein- and proopiomelanocortin-producing neurons in the hypothalamic arcuate nucleus primarily sense the body energy state. (nature.com)
In the body, the nerve tissue protein , Nerve Growth Factor (NGF) belongs to family of factors known as neurotrophins , is a small secreted amino acid complex important for the growth (a growth factor ), maintenance, and survival of certain target neurons (nerve cells), such as the found in the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous system. (wellnessadvantage.com)
A protein known as the steroid receptor coactivator-1 (SRC-1) helps regulate body weight by controlling the function of neurons involved in eating impulses, a study reveals. (geneticobesitynews.com)
They found that SRC-1 is present at high levels in the hypothalamus - the brain region controlling appetite - particularly within neurons producing the pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC) peptide. (geneticobesitynews.com)
Leptin is basically a signal that a person is full, working by activating neurons producing the POMC peptide. (geneticobesitynews.com)
After screening several morphogens and other molecules affecting neuronal differentiation, we developed a protocol that combined early activation of sonic hedgehog signaling followed by timed NOTCH inhibition resulting in the generation of hypothalamic arcuate nucleus (ARC)-like neurons. (columbia.edu)
The ratios of adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)/POMC, αMSH/POMC and β endorphin (BEP)/POMC proteins were significantly decreased, while total quantities of POMC peptides were greatly increased in PCSK1-deficient hESC-derived neurons, indicating impaired POMC processing caused by reduced PC1/3 protein. (columbia.edu)
Interestingly, in day 28 PC1/3-deficient neurons, in addition to upregulation of POMC gene expression and protein, we found increases in some of the 'downstream' proteolytic enzymes for POMC processing and the 'upstream' transcription factor that regulates PCSK1 expression. (columbia.edu)
We suggested a pivotal role for endocannabinoids in food reward processing within the lateral hypothalamus, and for orexin neurons to integrate endocrine signals with food reinforcement and hedonic eating. (frontiersin.org)

Researchers saw that SRC-1 activated the POMC gene , which provides the instructions to make the POMC protein. (geneticobesitynews.com)
POMC is certainly a precursor molecule for essential endogenous peptides such as for example adrenocorticotropin (ACTH), -, and -melanocyte stimulating hormone -MSH) and (-MSH, -Endorphin and -Lipotropin that are produced via cleavage by tissues particular enzymes. (wwec2012.net)

In mice, the agouti gene encodes a paracrine signalling molecule that causes hair follicle melanocytes to synthesize the yellow pigment pheomelanin instead of the black or brown pigment eumelanin. (wikipedia.org)
In the body, a Nerve Growth Factor (NGF) functions as a signaling molecule, and play a role as a sympathetic and sensory nerve growth factor, with additional activities both within and outside the nervous system. (wellnessadvantage.com)
The message (signal) to create these two different types of pigment is effected by the action of a protein molecule called the agouti peptide and a hormone called the Melanocyte Stimulating Hormone (MSH). (pictures-of-cats.org)

In mice, the wild type agouti allele (A) presents a grey phenotype, however, many allele variants have been identified through genetic analyses, which result in a wide range of phenotypes distinct from the typical grey coat. (wikipedia.org)

The agouti-signaling protein (ASIP) is a competitive antagonist with alpha-Melanocyte-stimulating hormone (α-MSH) to bind with melanocortin 1 receptor (MC1R) proteins. (wikipedia.org)
This gene is highly similar to the mouse gene and encodes a secreted protein that may (1) affect the quality of hair pigmentation, (2) act as an inverse agonist of alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone, (3) play a role in neuroendocrine aspects of melanocortin action, and (4) have a functional role in regulating lipid metabolism in adipocytes. (wikipedia.org)
This locus, ASIP, encodes the agouti signalling protein, a peptide antagonist of the melanocyte-stimulating hormone receptor (MC1R), which is the product of the extension locus. (omia.org)
My research is focused on investigating the function of the melanocortin 1 receptor (MC1R) , its agonists α-melanocyte stimulating hormone (α-MSH) and ACTH, and antagonists agouti signaling protein and human β-defensin 3 in regulating cutaneous pigmentation and the response to UV radiation. (uc.edu)
This gene encodes MC 3 , a G-protein coupled receptor for melanocyte-stimulating hormone and adrenocorticotropic hormone that is expressed in tissues other than the adrenal cortex and melanocytes. (wikidoc.org)
Mutations at the Atrn locus in the mouse result in the mahogany phenotype where, despite normal levels of the agouti protein that acts as an antagonist of α-melanocyte stimulating hormone (α-MSH), the agouti protein does not appear to be appropriately presented to the Melanocortin-1 receptor (Mc1R) and black/brown eumelanin synthesis persists rather than that of the lighter yellowish phaeomelanin [ 2 ]. (biomedcentral.com)

The results indicated that the fat-1 gene or n-3 PUFAs participate in inhibition of body weight by regulating the expressions of appetite neuropeptide and uncoupling protein. (ijsciences.com)

Expression of surface transmembrane attractin profoundly impacts agouti regulation of pigmentation through Mc1R signaling. (dana-farber.org)
An agouti mutation lacking the basic domain induces yellow pigmentation but not obesity in transgenic mice. (jax.org)

Intersecting analysis, molecular docking, and pathway validation analysis showed that risperidone influences the adipocytokine signaling pathway by targeting MAPK14 (mitogen-activated protein kinase 14), MAPK8 (mitogen-activated protein kinase 8), and RXRA (retinoic acid receptor RXR-alpha), thereby inhibiting long-chain fatty acid β-oxidation by decreasing STAT3 (signal transducer and activator of transcription 3) expression and phosphorylation. (frontiersin.org)
The canonical Wnt signaling pathway stabilizes the transcriptional coactivator BETA CATENIN. (ouhsc.edu)
Zinc protoporphyrin suppresses cancer cell viability through a heme oxygenase-1-independent mechanism: the involvement of the Wnt/ß-catenin signaling pathway. (ouhsc.edu)
Phosphoinositide 3-kinase as a novel functional target for the regulation of the insulin signaling pathway by SIRT1. (coolminers.hu)
Mechanistically, FGF11 regulated Npy gene expression through the glycogen synthase kinase 3-cAMP response element-binding protein pathway. (biomedcentral.com)
We also found that ADP-1 activates AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) in an adaptor protein, phosphotyrosine interacting with PH domain and leucine zipper 1 (APPL1)-dependent pathway and stimulates glucose uptake in rat skeletal muscle cells (L-6 myotubes). (phoenixpeptide.com)

Acute exposure of the brain to insulin blunts hunger because it clears dopamine from the brain, which signals the end of a meal. (robbwolf.com)
Cardiac enlargement is caused in part by elevated IGF (insulin like growth factor) due to a reduction in IGF binding protein under conditions of elevated insulin. (robbwolf.com)
Insulin signaling and insulin-stimulated glucose uptake were increased in both adipose cells and skeletal muscle. (molecularmetabolism.com)
Longobardi L, Torello M, Buckway C, O'Rear L, Horton WA, Hwa V, Roberts CT, Chiarelli F, Rosenfeld RG, Spagnoli A. A novel insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-independent role for IGF binding protein-3 in mesenchymal chondroprogenitor cell apoptosis. (rush.edu)
There are two main neuronal populations in the hypothalamic arcuate nucleus that are sensitive to signals indicating systemic fuel availability (e. g., leptin, ghrelin and insulin). (researchgate.net)
Thus, the role of midbrain dopamine is positioned at the intersection between selected hormonal signals involved in food reward information processing (namely, leptin, ghrelin, and insulin), and lipid-derived neural mediators such as endocannabinoids. (frontiersin.org)
In particular, she is interested in the impact of lipotoxicity on glucose metabolism and the resultant changes in cellular response to insulin signalling. (aru.ac.uk)

Beyond Red Hair and Sunburns: Uncovering the Molecular Mechanisms of MC1R Signaling and Repair of UV-Induced DNA Damage. (uc.edu)
As outlined in the panel at left (see credit below), a single amino acid alteration in agouti may affect the presentation mode of agouti to the Mc1R, leading to a reduction in pheomelanin production without a balancing increase in eumelanin production. (dana-farber.org)
One possibility is that the membrane-anchored ectodomain may help present agouti protein by binding the positive N-terminal leaving the C-terminal free to interact with the Mc1R [ 5 ]. (biomedcentral.com)

The hypothalamic arcuate nucleus (ARC) is responsible for regulating peripheral signals that control food intake and energy balance. (ijsciences.com)
The arcuate nucleus as a conduit for diverse signals relevant to energy homeostasis. (ijsciences.com)

The murine agouti gene locus is found on chromosome 2 and encodes a 131 amino acid protein. (wikipedia.org)

Integration of peripheral metabolic signals andthe central nervous system maintains energy homeostasis. (nature.com)
Functioning as brain region for the regulation of energy homeostasis, the hypothalamus integrates different hormonal and neuronal signals controlling appetite and body weight. (frontiersin.org)
Our Peptides Involved in Appetite Modulation review gives an overview of the peptides implicated in appetite regulation and energy homeostasis. (tocris.com)

In wild-type mice agouti is only expressed in the skin during hair growth, but these dominant yellow mutations cause it to be expressed in other tissues as well. (wikipedia.org)
Agouti revisited: transcript quantification of the ASIP gene in bovine tissues related to protein expression and localization. (omia.org)
The brain integrates metabolic signals from peripheral tissues such as the liver, pancreas, adipose tissue, gut and muscle. (nature.com)
Isolation of extracellular fluids reveals novel secreted bioactive proteins from muscle and fat tissues. (harvard.edu)
The protein levels of UCP-2 in white adipose tissues also were measured by Western Blot. (ijsciences.com)
High levels of agoutiDeltabasic expression in relevant tissues exceeded the level of agouti expression in obese viable yellow mice, suggesting that suboptimal activity or synthesis of the agoutiDeltabasic protein, rather than insufficient RNA synthesis, accounts for the phenotype of the BAPaDeltabasic transgenic mice. (jax.org)

TGF-beta Superfamily Proteins" is a descriptor in the National Library of Medicine's controlled vocabulary thesaurus, MeSH (Medical Subject Headings) . (wakehealth.edu)
This graph shows the total number of publications written about "TGF-beta Superfamily Proteins" by people in this website by year, and whether "TGF-beta Superfamily Proteins" was a major or minor topic of these publications. (wakehealth.edu)
Below are the most recent publications written about "TGF-beta Superfamily Proteins" by people in Profiles. (wakehealth.edu)

The viable yellow (Avy) mutation is due to a change in the mRNA length of agouti, as the expressed gene becomes longer than the normal gene length of agouti. (wikipedia.org)

DOCA-salt treatment caused subtype-specific changes in gene expression patterns associated with AT1R and G protein signaling, neurotransmitter uptake, synapse functions, and hormone secretion. (bvsalud.org)
Leptin, the protein product of the ob gene, is a hormone that is secreted principally by adipose tissue (adipocyte-derived hormone). (researchgate.net)
Ghrelin, growth hormone-releasing peptide, is a hormone which is secreted by the food-deprived stomach and stimulates food intake during starvation [4]. (researchgate.net)
Angiotensin is a peptide hormone that causes vasoconstriction and a subsequent increase in blood pressure. (mmpc.org)
Leptin is a peptide hormone (16-kDa) encoded by the obese ( ob ) gene. (biomedcentral.com)

and b) liberate bioactive peptides that are able to exhibit physiological responses that otherwise would be diminished from consuming intact protein sources. (biomedcentral.com)
This article reviews the anti-inflammatory relative and anti-infectious effects of Evodia rutaecarpa and its major bioactive components and the involvement of the nitric oxide synthases, cyclooxygenase, NADPH oxidase, nuclear factor kappa B, hypoxia-inducible factor 1 alpha, reactive oxygen species, prostaglandins, tumor necrosis factor, LIGHT, amyloid protein and orexigenic neuropeptides. (biomedcentral.com)
Stimulation of calcitonin gene-related peptide release may partially explain the analgesic, cardiovascular and gastrointestinal protective, anti-obese activities of Evodia rutaecarpa and its major bioactive components. (biomedcentral.com)

Regulatory proteins and peptides that are signaling molecules involved in the process of PARACRINE COMMUNICATION. (curehunter.com)

The steroid receptor coactivator-1 protein is known to play a key role in the regulation of body weight, shown in a previous study where mice without SRC-1 became obese . (geneticobesitynews.com)
Within this context, leptin provides the adipocyte-derived hormonal signaling allowing the bidirectional communication between adipose tissue and hypothalamic regulation of food intake and energy expenditure ( Zhou and Rui, 2013 ). (frontiersin.org)

Functional analysis of agouti mutations in transgenic mice indicate that the cysteine-rich C terminus, signal peptide, and glycosylation site are required for agouti activity in vivo. (jax.org)

Sex-Specific Associations between Adiponectin and Leptin Signaling and Pancreatic Cancer Survival. (harvard.edu)
Analysis showed that 14 of 15 variants found in severely obese children impaired the function of SRC-1, causing a reduction in leptin-mediated signaling. (geneticobesitynews.com)
Conclusions In conclusion, the findings of this study indicate that plasma ghrelin level increases and leptin level decreases and growth accelerates because of an increase in appetite and daily calories, carbohydrate and protein amount in children with nutritional iron deficiency anemia after iron therapy. (researchgate.net)
Next, endocannabinoid signaling that regulates synaptic plasticity is discussed as a key mechanism acting both at hypothalamic and mesolimbic circuits, and affecting both dopamine function and interplay between leptin and ghrelin signaling. (frontiersin.org)
Current theories to interpret leptin resistance include the impairment of leptin transport, attenuation of leptin signaling, chronic inflammation, ER tress, deficiency of autophagy, as well as leptin itself. (biomedcentral.com)
Animals without leptin signaling display severe metabolic imbalance. (biomedcentral.com)
The circulating leptin signals the status of body energy stores to the brain and induces the satiety responses through neurotransmmiters. (biomedcentral.com)

Agouti interacts with the melanocortin 1 receptor to determine whether the melanocyte (pigment cell) produces phaeomelanin (a red to yellow pigment), or eumelanin (a brown to black pigment). (wikipedia.org)
Melanocortin receptor 3 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the MC3R gene . (wikidoc.org)
Finally, type-1 cannabinoid receptor-dependent inhibition of GABA-ergic release and relapse to reward-associated stimuli is linked to ghrelin and orexin signaling in the lateral hypothalamus-ventral tegmental area-nucleus accumbens network to highlight its pathological potential for food addiction-like behavior. (frontiersin.org)
Based on crystal structure of AdipoR1, we designed AdipoR1's peptide agonists using protein-peptide docking simulation and screened their receptor binding abilities and biological functions via surface plasmon resonance (SPR) and biological analysis. (phoenixpeptide.com)
Also, SPR and virtual screening techniques utilized in this study may potentially be applied to other peptide-drug screening processes against membrane receptor proteins. (phoenixpeptide.com)
A potent peptide as adiponectin receptor 1 agonist to against fibrosis. (phoenixpeptide.com)

Agouti-signaling protein is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ASIP gene. (wikipedia.org)

The coding exons of agouti are placed under the control of the Raly promoter, initiating ubiquitous expression of agouti, increasing production of pheomelanin over eumelanin and resulting in the development of a yellow phenotype. (wikipedia.org)
Research Links tab) leads to a complete block of agouti signaling permitting alpha-MSH-induced eumelanin production. (dana-farber.org)
The agouti gene signals the on-off creation of eumelanin a pigment produced in a cell called a melanocyte. (pictures-of-cats.org)
When the agouti gene has not signalled the creation of eumelanin a pigment called phaeomelanin is produced in the melanocyte. (pictures-of-cats.org)

Along with the homologous Agouti-related peptide, these are the only known mammalian proteins to adopt this fold. (wikipedia.org)

Dysbiosis among patients with T2DM promotes pro-inflammatory signalling, which induces metabolic syndrome [ 8 ] . (encyclopedia.pub)
Risperidone upregulates fatty acid synthase (FASN) and sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1 (SREBP1) expression in hepatocyte cultures and mouse liver by targeting the hepatic SREBP-1c/FASN couple, which is also one of the mechanisms by which risperidone induces weight gain ( 24 ). (frontiersin.org)
An agouti mutation lacking the basic domain induces yellow pigmentati" by R J. Miltenberger, R L. Mynatt et al. (jax.org)

Thus, the lateral hypothalamus-ventral tegmental area-nucleus accumbens neural circuitry is reexamined in order to interrogate the functional interplay between ghrelin, dopamine, orexin, and endocannabinoid signaling. (frontiersin.org)

Mice with wildtype agouti will be grey, with each hair being partly yellow and partly black. (wikipedia.org)
Viral-mediated restoration of MC4R signaling in the vSUB partially restores obesity in MC4R-null mice without affecting anxiety- and depression-like behaviors. (bvsalud.org)
Bone morphogenetic protein 4 (BMP4) adeno-associated viral vectors of serotype 8 (AAV8) gene therapy targeting the liver prevents the development of obesity in initially lean mice by browning the large subcutaneous white adipose tissue (WAT) and enhancing energy expenditure. (molecularmetabolism.com)
To examine the functional significance of the agouti basic domain, the entire 29-aa region was deleted from the agouti cDNA, and the resulting mutation (agoutiDeltabasic) was expressed in transgenic mice under the control of the beta-actin promoter (BAPaDeltabasic). (jax.org)
Three independent lines of BAPaDeltabasic transgenic mice all developed some degree of yellow pigment in the fur, indicating that the agoutiDeltabasic protein was functional in vivo. (jax.org)
Histological and histochemical analysis to detect glycosylated protein identified a severe loss in attractin-deficient mice of extracellular proteoglycan between kidney tubules in addition to a loss of glycosylated material within the intratubular brush border. (biomedcentral.com)

When agouti is expressed, production of pheomelanin dominates, a melanin pigment that produces yellow or red colored hair. (wikipedia.org)

All NSP proteins contain an NH 2 -terminal SH2 (Src homology domain 2) domain, a central proline/serine-rich domain, and a COOH-terminal domain with modest homology to Ras subfamily GDP-exchange factors (GEFs). (molvis.org)

an effect which may be explained by an increased expression of adipose tissue lipolysis-related gene expression patterns following chronic supplementation [ 12 ], an increase in protein-induced thermogenesis (reviewed in [ 15 ]), and/or a consistent reduction in food intake given its satiety-stimulatory effects as discussed above. (biomedcentral.com)
To investigate the potential role of 18kDa Translocator protein (TSPO) in mediating homeostatic changes in food intake and body weight. (exeter.ac.uk)

This ectopic expression of the agouti gene is associated with the yellow obese syndrome, characterized by early onset obesity, hyperinsulinemia and tumorigenesis. (wikipedia.org)

at the same time developing protein and peptide-based tools that will allow us to manipulate cellular processes on a molecular level. (stanford.edu)

The brain integrates multiple metabolic inputs from the periphery through nutrients, gut-derived satiety signals and adiposity-related hormones. (nature.com)
Anatomically, the ARC is considered a hypothalamic area that primarily senses metabolic signals from the periphery via the systemic circulation. (nature.com)

CHD8 is an independent prognostic indicator that regulates Wnt/ß-catenin signaling and the cell cycle in gastric cancer. (ouhsc.edu)

A large family of cell regulatory proteins which are structurally related to TRANSFORMING GROWTH FACTOR BETA. (wakehealth.edu)

Prior data link AND-34 expression to the activation of Akt signaling. (molvis.org)
Coupled with influx of extracellular calcium, Rut produced the endothelium-dependent vasorelaxant effect by activation of endothelium NOS and release of NO without pertussis toxin-sensitive Gi protein and other G proteins or phospholipase C activation being involved [ 8 ]. (biomedcentral.com)

In other species such as horses, agouti signalling is responsible for determining which parts of the body will be red or black. (wikipedia.org)

The insertion of a full-length Bos taurus LINE element is responsible for a transcriptional deregulation of the Normande Agouti gene. (omia.org)

This interaction is responsible for making distinct light and dark bands in the hairs of animals such as the agouti, which the gene is named after. (wikipedia.org)
Alternately the non-agouti gene ( a/a ) signals the creation of solid colored hairs. (pictures-of-cats.org)

We examined the acute effects of different dietary protein sources (0.19 g, dissolved in 1 ml of water) on skeletal muscle, adipose tissue and hypothalamic satiety-related markers in fasted, male Wistar rats (~250 g). (biomedcentral.com)
Higher amounts of whey versus egg protein stimulate the greatest post-treatment anabolic skeletal muscle response, though test proteins with higher amounts of WPH more favorably affected post-treatment markers related to adipose tissue lipolysis. (biomedcentral.com)

AND-34/BCAR3 (Breast Cancer Anti-Estrogen Resistance 3) associates with the focal adhesion adaptor protein, p130CAS/BCAR1. (molvis.org)

The most widely studied allele variants are the lethal yellow mutation (Ay) and the viable yellow mutation (Avy) which are caused by ectopic expression of agouti. (wikipedia.org)

This protein signals the distribution of melanin pigments in epithelial melanocytes located at the base of hair follicles with expression being more sensitive on ventral hair than on dorsal hair. (wikipedia.org)
Western blot analysis and in situ hybridization confirmed the presence of AND-34 RNA and protein in lens epithelial cells, particularly at the lens equator. (molvis.org)
These results demonstrate the loss of AND-34 dysregulates focal adhesion complex signaling in lens epithelial cells and suggest that AND-34-mediated signaling is required for maintenance of the structural integrity of the adult ocular lens. (molvis.org)

Sirt1 inhibits akt2-mediated porcine adipogenesis potentially by direct protein-protein interaction. (coolminers.hu)

Increased Wnt and Notch signaling: a clue to the renal disease in Schimke immuno-osseous dysplasia? (ouhsc.edu)

Identification of NAD interacting residues in proteins. (coolminers.hu)
We identified a highly conserved, 13-residue segment (ADP-1) from adiponectin's collagen domain which comprises GXXG motifs and has one asparagine and two histidine residues that assist in oligomeric protein assembly. (phoenixpeptide.com)

Dr Nicholas Pugh focuses his research interests on the signalling mechanisms used by platelets during pathophysiological thrombus formation. (aru.ac.uk)

catenin signaling in cancer-associated fibroblasts. (uc.edu)
Although originally studied as proteins that stimulate the growth of fibroblasts this distinction is no longer a requirement for membership in the fibroblast growth factor family. (bvsalud.org)

Anatomy1

Organisms3

Chemicals and Drugs23

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment3

Phenomena and Processes9

Information Science3

AgRP13

Pathways9

Receptors5

Neurons9

POMC2

Molecule3

Wild type agouti1

Melanocyte-stimula6

Neuropeptide1

Pigmentation2

Pathway6

Insulin7

MC1R3

Arcuate nucleus2

Encodes1

Energy homeostasis3

Tissues6

Superfamily Proteins3

MRNA1

Hormone5

Bioactive3

Molecules involved1

Regulation2

Mutations1

Leptin7

Receptor6

ASIP1

Eumelanin4

Homologous1

Induces3

Hypothalamus1

Mice6

Pigment1

Factors1

Food intake2

Obese1

Molecular1

Metabolic2

Regulates1

Regulatory1

Activation2

Species1

Transcriptional1

Hairs2

Skeletal2

Adaptor1

Variants1

Epithelial3

Inhibits1

NOTCH1

Residues2

Mechanisms1

Fibroblasts2