• Wernicke's encephalopathy occurred during prolonged intravenous feeding in two patients with hyperemesis gravidarum. (unboundmedicine.com)
  • TY - JOUR T1 - Wernicke's encephalopathy: a predictable complication of hyperemesis gravidarum. (unboundmedicine.com)
  • AU - Lavin,P J, AU - Smith,D, AU - Kori,S H, AU - Ellenberger,C,Jr PY - 1983/9/1/pubmed PY - 2001/3/28/medline PY - 1983/9/1/entrez SP - 13s EP - 15s JF - Obstetrics and gynecology JO - Obstet Gynecol VL - 62 IS - 3 Suppl N2 - Wernicke's encephalopathy occurred during prolonged intravenous feeding in two patients with hyperemesis gravidarum. (unboundmedicine.com)
  • If Wernicke's encephalopathy is suspected, immediately interrupt Trisenox and initiate parenteral thiamine. (centerwatch.com)
  • If Wernicke's encephalopathy is suspected, immediately interrupt arsenic trioxide injection and initiate parenteral thiamine. (nih.gov)
  • Initially defined independently by 2 researchers in the late 19th century as Wernicke's encephalopathy and Korsakoff syndrome, respectively, the syndrome was finally termed Wernicke-Korsakoff due to the shared etiologic, clinical, and histopathologic characteristics indicated by the former nomenclature. (psychiatrist.com)
  • 1 , 2 The triad of Wernicke's encephalopathy is classically formulated as ataxia, eye movement abnormalities, and confusion (or memory impairment). (psychiatrist.com)
  • 2 , 3 Wernicke's encephalopathy constitutes a medical emergency. (psychiatrist.com)
  • Explanation: Wernicke's encephalopathy presents with neurological symptoms caused by biochemical lesions of the central nervous system after exhaustion of thiamine (vitamin B1) reserves. (cmelist.com)
  • The classical presentation of Wernicke's encephalopathy includes ophthalmoplegia, ataxia, and confusion, but only 10% of patients exhibit all 3 features. (cmelist.com)
  • Acute cerebellar ataxia in a young woman: Wernicke's encephalopathy? (ima-press.net)
  • Wernicke's encephalopathy (WE) is a rare but severe neurological syndrome caused by thiamine deficiency. (ima-press.net)
  • The paper describes a clinical case of acute cerebellar ataxia that is apparently caused by Wernicke's encephalopathy in a young woman. (ima-press.net)
  • Severe thiamine deficiency resulted in Wernicke's encephalopathy in a chronic dialysis patient. (ima-press.net)
  • Wernicke's encephalopathy in a malnourished surgical patient: clinical features and magnetic resonance imaging. (ima-press.net)
  • A case of Wernicke's encephalopathy following fluorouracil-based chemotherapy. (ima-press.net)
  • Wernicke's encephalopathy after allogeneic stem cell transplantation. (ima-press.net)
  • 10. Gui QP, Zhao WQ, Wang LN. Wernicke's encephalopathy in nonalcoholic patients: clinical and pathologic features of three cases and literature reviewed. (ima-press.net)
  • Can the Ketogenic diet lead to Wernicke's encephalopathy? (elsevierpure.com)
  • BACKGROUND: Wernicke's encephalopathy (WE), a neurological disorder due to the deficiency of thiamine, is often underdiagnosed in the pediatric population. (elsevierpure.com)
  • Wernicke's encephalopathy may be fatal in the pediatric population, therefore, it must be treated immediately if clinically suspected. (elsevierpure.com)
  • Dive into the research topics of 'Can the Ketogenic diet lead to Wernicke's encephalopathy? (elsevierpure.com)
  • Methods: We created a linked data set in Safehaven using a cohort of 66 patients over 65 years in 2010 with an SMR 01 diagnosis of alcohol amnesic syndrome, Wernicke's encephalopathy and/or alcohol dementia. (addiction-ssa.org)
  • 6. Wernicke's encephalopathy. (firstranker.com)
  • Prophylaxis and treatment of thiamine deficiency including beriberi and Wernicke's encephalopathy. (biosenseclinic.com)
  • Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome. (epnet.com)
  • Available at: https://patient.info/doctor/wernicke-korsakoff-syndrome. (epnet.com)
  • Available at: https://radiopaedia.org/articles/wernicke-korsakoff-syndrome. (epnet.com)
  • Available at: https://www.ninds.nih.gov/Disorders/All-Disorders/Wernicke-Korsakoff-Syndrome-Information-Page. (epnet.com)
  • Include education regarding Korsakoff syndrome (which arises from thiamine deficiency) for patients being treated for alcohol dependency, one of the causes of thiamine deficiency. (medscape.com)
  • Karaiskos I, Katsarolis I, Stefanis L. Severe dysphagia as the presenting symptom of Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome in a non-alcoholic man. (medscape.com)
  • Thiamine deficiency can affect the cardiovascular, nervous, and immune systems, as commonly seen in wet beriberi, dry beriberi, or Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome. (nih.gov)
  • Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome (WKS) can manifest with CNS symptoms such as gait changes, altered mental status, and ocular abnormalities. (nih.gov)
  • Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome is one of the neurologic complications that may emerge due to thiamine deficiency. (psychiatrist.com)
  • Mr A was diagnosed with Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome according to DSM-IV diagnostic criteria, and diazepam detoxification, rehydration, and thiamine repletion therapy were started. (psychiatrist.com)
  • A missed diagnosis of Wernicke encephalopathy (WE) can lead to Korsakoff syndrome, which carries a 20% mortality rate. (emra.org)
  • Korsakoff Psychosis Korsakoff psychosis is a late complication of persistent Wernicke encephalopathy and results in memory deficits, confusion, and behavioral changes. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Wet brain is the informal name for Wernicke Korsakoff psychosis` syndrome , which is a type of brain disease caused by undue alcohol consumption. (dualdiagnosis.org)
  • Thiamine deficiency is strongly linked to the brain syndrome known as Wernicke Korsakoff syndrome or "wet brain. (dualdiagnosis.org)
  • It is hard to know how many people may have Wernicke Korsakoff syndrome because the symptoms are similar to the symptoms of alcohol withdrawal or intoxication at times . (dualdiagnosis.org)
  • In reality, Wernicke encephalopathy and Korsakoff psychosis are two different pathologies that constitute what is known as Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome. (dualdiagnosis.org)
  • The Wernicke Korsakoff syndrome may as well have genetic factors, making specific individuals more sensitive than others. (dualdiagnosis.org)
  • Anorexia nervosa and Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome: a case report J Med Case Rep. 2010 Jul 20;4:217. (ima-press.net)
  • 4 Isenberg-Grzeda E, Alici Y, Hatzoglou V, Nelson C, Breitbart W. Nonalcoholic thiamine-related encephalopathy (Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome) among inpatients with cancer: a series of 18 cases. (thieme-connect.de)
  • Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome not related to alcohol use: a systematic review. (thieme-connect.de)
  • 2. Ataxia-Patient unable to stand or walk without support. (health-disease.org)
  • According to an article that appeared in the Swiss Medical Review , Wernicke encephalopathy (WEE) is characterized by mental confusion, abnormal eye movements, and ataxia. (dualdiagnosis.org)
  • Then the patient presented serious impairment of consciousness, ophthalmoplegia, nystagmus and ataxia why she hospitalized in the intensive care unit. (panafrican-med-journal.com)
  • Withdrawal seizures may occur without prior significant features of AWS and may be the presenting symptom in some patients. (amboss.com)
  • Acute decompensation in thiamine-deficient patients may manifest as neurologic or cardiovascular changes, with severe lactic acidosis as the presenting symptom. (thieme-connect.de)
  • MRI brain is performed and found classic signs of encephalopathy Wernicke. (panafrican-med-journal.com)
  • Rapid correction of the patient's hyponatremia led to the patient presenting with acute signs of encephalopathy and gait abnormalities. (ufl.edu)
  • Patients with acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) treated with Trisenox have experienced symptoms of differentiation syndrome, which may be life-threatening or fatal. (centerwatch.com)
  • Thiamine (vitamin B1) should be introduced following protocols to prevent refeeding syndrome and Wernicke encephalopathy. (nature.com)
  • Wernicke´s encephalopathy (WE) is a syndrome neuropsychiatric due to thiamine deficiency, potentially fatal but not fatal avoidable, there are multiple risk factors. (panafrican-med-journal.com)
  • Mortality reaches 8% in patients with AW syndrome hospitalized in intensive care units, because of any or the combination of those multiple organs complications. (encyclopedia.pub)
  • The patient is a 30-year-old male with alcohol use disorder who presented with low serum sodium levels, which were corrected too rapidly, resulting in osmotic demyelination syndrome (ODS), confirmed by MRI. (ufl.edu)
  • In the case of chronic schizophrenic patients, who are likely to develop negative symptoms, much like the well known symptoms of "institutionalization or hospitalization syndrome," the useful hypothesis may be something other than the adrenochrome hypothesis. (chewdigest.com)
  • Some of these conditions are multifactorial, and some have an established cause, such as hepatic or uremic encephalopathy. (medscape.com)
  • Monitor patients with severe hepatic impairment (Child-Pugh Class C) for toxicity when treated with arsenic trioxide injection. (nih.gov)
  • Patients should be monitored for gastrointestinal toxicity and for hepatic toxicity (liver damage). (fda.gov)
  • With other causes of beriberi, once the primary problem has been addressed, an appropriate diet providing more-than-adequate thiamine levels should be adopted by the patient. (medscape.com)
  • Health care professionals are advised to assess thiamine levels in all patients prior to starting Inrebic, during treatment and as clinically indicated. (fda.gov)
  • Delay in diagnosis caused a protracted illness and persisting neurologic deficits in both patients. (unboundmedicine.com)
  • Still, only about 10 per cent of patients are afflicted with these symptoms, making the diagnosis extremely challenging. (dualdiagnosis.org)
  • Patients with idiopathic RBD have been known to have a siginificantly increased risk of developing one of the α-synucleiopathies later in life, therefore the diagnosis of RBD is very important and must be dealt with carefully. (go.jp)
  • RELEVANCE: This case illustrates the importance of including Wernicke's in the differential diagnosis when a pediatric patient presents with neurological deficits after rapid weight loss. (elsevierpure.com)
  • AWS is a clinical diagnosis of exclusion based on characteristic symptoms in at-risk patients with recent reduction or cessation of alcohol consumption. (amboss.com)
  • Inclusion criteria included studies that involved more than 20 patients with a physician confirmed diagnosis of PD and a follow-up of greater than or equal to at least 12 months. (neurologyindia.com)
  • AWS is considered to be complicated if patients present with or develop alcohol withdrawal seizures , alcohol withdrawal delirium , or alcohol-induced psychotic disorder . (amboss.com)
  • Patients can clinically present with disorders ranging from migraine with aura (20-40% of affected patients), ischaemic events (60-80%), dementia, seizures, 10 apathy and mood disturbances. (bmj.com)
  • While Wernicke encephalopathy is associated with alcoholism, it is also seen in the pediatric population, in which imaging findings may be atypical. (ingentaconnect.com)
  • The primary findings were a significant increase in the number of ultrashort EEG microstates and a reduction in the average duration of EEG microstates in cognitively impaired and demented patients. (medscape.com)
  • Wernicke encephalopathy: MR findings at clinical presentation in twenty-six alcoholic and nonalcoholic patients. (medscape.com)
  • 8. Unlu E, Cakir B, Asil T. MRI findings of Wernicke encephalopathy revisited due to hunger strike. (ima-press.net)
  • 11. Doss A, Mahad D, Romanowski CA. Wernicke encephalopathy: unusual findings in nonalcoholic patients. (ima-press.net)
  • In around two thirds of patients neuroimaging is available and we summarise these findings alongside an analysis of the likely validity of the diagnoses. (addiction-ssa.org)
  • Our findings have implications for service provision in relation to ARBD/ARBI given that some ARBD services have a notional cut-off at age 65 years with patients over that age being cared for by psychiatry of old age services. (addiction-ssa.org)
  • The findings from those studies on motor symptoms, medication requirements, quality of life, and independence in activities of daily living in PD patients are summarized and presented in tabulated form in this paper at the end. (neurologyindia.com)
  • Identify the spectrum of imaging findings in appropriate modalities for evaluating patients with altered mental status. (ufl.edu)
  • In Western countries, it most commonly presents in patients suffering from alcoholism or chronic illness. (nih.gov)
  • Wernicke encephalopathy is a brain disease. (epnet.com)
  • At a median follow-up time of 16 months, 68% of patients who had achieved complete remission were still alive and 58% were disease free. (centerwatch.com)
  • Variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (vCJD) is a rare, fatal prion disease resulting from transmission to humans of the infectious agent of bovine spongiform encephalopathy. (cdc.gov)
  • less than 20% of patients with the disease were diagnosed in life. (ima-press.net)
  • The management of uncomplicated and complicated AWS includes hydration, nutritional support , and thiamine to prevent or treat concomitant Wernicke encephalopathy , as well as pharmacological management with benzodiazepines and/or anticonvulsants to reduce symptoms and prevent disease progression and death . (amboss.com)
  • Deep brain stimulation (DBS) has become an established therapeutic tool for treating patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) who have troublesome motor fluctuations and dyskinesias refractory to best medical therapy. (neurologyindia.com)
  • When the symptoms persisted, the patient "decided to try another hospital" and was admitted to our psychiatry unit. (psychiatrictimes.com)
  • The majority of women with NVP can be managed with dietary and lifestyle changes, but more than one-third of patients experience clinically relevant symptoms that may require fluid and vitamin supplementation and/or antiemetic therapy such as, for example, combined doxylamine/pyridoxine, which is not teratogenic and may be effective in treating NVP. (nature.com)
  • As a result of treatment with Inrebic, 36 patients experienced greater than or equal to a 50% reduction in myelofibrosis-related symptoms, such as night sweats, itching, abdominal discomfort, feeling full sooner than normal, pain under ribs on left side, and bone or muscle pain. (fda.gov)
  • With the fat-soluble vitamins (eg, vitamin A, keratins), patients may have some common visual symptoms and also some elements of very nonspecific things, such as dry skin, dry hair, and pruritus. (medscape.com)
  • Patients with AWS may also present with concomitant diseases that require treatment (e.g., alcoholic hepatitis , complicated cirrhosis ) or develop AWS during periods of hospitalization for unrelated comorbidities. (amboss.com)
  • The prescribing information for Inrebic includes a Boxed Warning to advise health care professionals and patients about the risk of serious and fatal encephalopathy (brain damage or malfunction), including Wernicke's, which is a neurologic emergency related to a deficiency in thiamine. (fda.gov)
  • The conditions that constitute WKS are two distinct but often associated illnesses: Wernicke encephalopathic, together it's called the Wernicke psychotic disorder, or WKS, who is considered to be a primary psychiatric entity. (dualdiagnosis.org)
  • The prevention of Wernicke´s encephalopathy requires obligatory management of hyperemesis gravidarum, including the preventive administration of thiamine. (panafrican-med-journal.com)
  • Wernicke encephalopathy is caused by low thiamine (vitamin B1) levels. (epnet.com)
  • Wernicke´s encephalopathy is a neurological emergency secondary to thiamine deficiency (vitamin B1). (panafrican-med-journal.com)
  • This study was conducted to see if vitamin D supplementation in patients with active pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) in the Indian population contributed to sputum smear and culture conversion as well as the prevention of relapse. (bvsalud.org)
  • Five patients died each in vitamin D and placebo groups, but none of the deaths were attributable to the study intervention. (bvsalud.org)
  • Patients presenting with moderate or severe alcohol withdrawal and DT require inpatient treatment and consideration of ICU admission. (medscape.com)
  • The patient presented with severe depression with insomnia, decreased appetite, anhedonia, and increasing social withdrawal. (psychiatrictimes.com)
  • Peripheral nerve pain thresholds are often elevated, and many patients develop severe autonomic dysfunction characterized by sympathetic hyperactivity (eg, tremor, agitation) or hypoactivity (eg, hypothermia, postural hypotension, syncope). (msdmanuals.com)
  • The causes of intractable fever in severe traumatic brain injury (TBI) patients can be diverse. (neurologyindia.com)
  • We found propranolol to be effective in controlling many of the manifestations of neurogenic fever in our patients with severe TBI. (neurologyindia.com)
  • Fever in severe TBI patients is not an uncommon phenomenon, but when intractable with negative fever workup, a central cause should be considered. (neurologyindia.com)
  • 1 Svahn J, Schiaffino MC, Caruso U, Calvillo M, Minniti G, Dufour C. Severe lactic acidosis due to thiamine deficiency in a patient with B-cell leukemia/lymphoma on total parenteral nutrition during high-dose methotrexate therapy. (thieme-connect.de)
  • Health care professionals are cautioned that patients may experience severe anemia (low iron levels) and thrombocytopenia (low level of platelets in the blood). (fda.gov)
  • The dose should be reduced or stopped if a patient develops severe diarrhea, nausea or vomiting. (fda.gov)
  • The worst case is those patients who come in with severe protein malnutrition. (medscape.com)
  • 1. Wernicke C. Die akute haemorrhagische polioencephalitis superior. (ima-press.net)
  • It is used in patients with cognitive dysfunction involving either a general decline of overall brain function or a localized or lateralized deficit. (medscape.com)
  • Encephalopathy represents a brain state in which normal functioning of the brain is disturbed temporarily or permanently. (medscape.com)
  • PURPOSE: To compare the perfusion parameters of patients with uncomplicated mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) with healthy controls and to assess whether admission perfusion CT parameters can be used to predict outcome at 6 months post-injury in patients with uncomplicated mTBI. (bvsalud.org)
  • Many doctors note that patients suffering from thiamine deficiency have nervous system and brain dysfunction. (viralportal.net)
  • Worldwide it is most widely reported in populations where polished rice and milled cereals are the primary food source and in patients with chronic alcohol use disorder. (nih.gov)
  • Special populations of individuals also at risk for thiamine deficiency include pregnant women, those requiring parental feeding, individuals who have undergone bariatric surgery, those with overall poor nutritional status, and patients on chronic diuretic therapy as it increases urinary losses. (nih.gov)
  • There is even evidence of gluten sensitivity in chronic schizophrenic patients. (chewdigest.com)
  • On the other hand, SSRIs are associated with new-onset alcohol dependence in some patients. (psychscenehub.com)
  • For example, Wittenborn published data demonstrating that acute-onset patients (ill for six months or less) were having intact inter-personal relations as a result of niacin treatment. (chewdigest.com)
  • The cerebral MRI objectived in FLAIR and diffusion sequence a hyper signal at the internal part of the two thalami and at the level of the mammary bodies ( Figure 1 ), characteristic of Wernicke´s encephalopathy. (panafrican-med-journal.com)
  • Among patients seeking treatment for AUD, the proportion of patients at treatment entry endorsing the criteria for pharmacological dependence was 63% for tolerance and 14% for withdrawal. (encyclopedia.pub)
  • There have been recent advancements in the care of patients with migraine, specifically emerging evidence for nerve blocks and new pharmacological classes of medications like gepants and ditans. (qxmd.com)
  • patients with delirium usually have impaired consciousness and abnormal vital signs . (amboss.com)
  • Furthermore, Wernicke encephalopathy is likely underdiagnosed in the pediatric population, particularly in high-risk groups, such as chronically ill children or children with underlying malignancy. (ingentaconnect.com)
  • Today, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration approved Inrebic (fedratinib) capsules to treat adult patients with certain types of myelofibrosis. (fda.gov)
  • The approval of Inrebic for intermediate-2 or high-risk primary or secondary (post-polycythemia vera or post-essential thrombocythemia) myelofibrosis was based on the results of a clinical trial where 289 patients with myelofibrosis were randomized to receive two different doses (400 mg or 500 mg daily by mouth) of fedratinib or placebo. (fda.gov)
  • The clinical trial showed that 35 of 96 patients treated with the fedratinib 400 mg daily dose (the dose recommended in the approved label) experienced a significant therapeutic effect (measured by greater than or equal to a 35% reduction from baseline in spleen volume at the end of cycle 6 (week 24) as measured by an MRI or CT scan with a follow-up scan four weeks later). (fda.gov)
  • Your doctor or pharmacist will give you the manufacturer's patient information sheet (Medication Guide) when you begin treatment with fedratinib and each time you refill your prescription. (medlineplus.gov)
  • 4. Yae S, Okuno S, Onishi H, Kawanishi C. Development of Wernicke encephalopathy in a terminally ill cancer patient consuming an adequate diet: a case report and review of the literature. (ima-press.net)
  • Patients presenting in mild alcohol withdrawal may be treated on an outpatient basis, provided that no underlying conditions require inpatient treatment. (medscape.com)
  • Furthermore, good adherence is associated with a better clinical outcome, and statin withdrawal is associated with a poor functional outcome in patients with ischemic stroke. (neurologyindia.com)
  • Wernicke encephalopathy and alcohol withdrawal were suspected. (chewdigest.com)
  • The patient also presented with vertical nystagmus, which was present for the past year. (psychiatrictimes.com)
  • An optimal method for delivering the needed thiamine in a bioavailable form must be determined for the long-term treatment of each patient. (medscape.com)
  • Most patients require hospital admission for monitoring and treatment. (amboss.com)
  • Wernicke encephalopathy is most common in people with alcohol use disorder . (epnet.com)
  • Patients with alcohol use disorder commonly present to the ED critically ill, with myriad underlying pathologies. (emra.org)
  • Despite the treatable dementia and psychosis, pellagra is often under-diagnosed, especially in developed countries and alcoholic patients. (chewdigest.com)
  • Despite the treatable dementia and psychosis, pellagra is often underdiagnosed, especially in developed countries and alcoholic patients. (chewdigest.com)
  • In addition to its proven efficacy in patients with late PD, the EARLYSTIM trial not only demonstrated the efficacy of DBS in patients with early motor complications but also showed that it did not lose its therapeutic efficacy as the years passed by. (neurologyindia.com)
  • It is very unusual in this patient population, but again, something to be aware of. (medscape.com)
  • Apparently, temporospatial analysis may be useful in distinguishing patients with dementia from those experiencing normal aging. (medscape.com)
  • Serum thiamine concentration and oxidative stress as predictors of mortality in patients with septic shock. (thieme-connect.de)
  • The prognosis of ODS is poor, with mortality reported up to 31% in patients. (ufl.edu)
  • Patients with septic shock generally have a Mean Arterial Pressure below 65 mmHg and hypotension is the most important determinant of mortality among this group of patients. (qxmd.com)
  • The patient received thiamine with an emergency dose of 300 mg for 3 times daily intravenously. (panafrican-med-journal.com)
  • Each patient was prescribed a maintenance dose 3 to 7 times a day. (go.jp)
  • Patients may develop high levels of amylase and lipase in their blood and should be managed by dose reduction or stopping the mediation. (fda.gov)
  • Prior to today, there was one FDA-approved drug to treat patients with myelofibrosis, a rare bone marrow disorder. (fda.gov)
  • Hyponatremia is the most common electrolyte disorder and it affects approximately 5% of adults and 35% of hospitalized patients. (qxmd.com)
  • Explain strategies to optimize care coordination among interprofessional team members to improve outcomes for patients affected by thiamine deficiency. (nih.gov)
  • This work aims to analyze the diagnostic management of pregnant woman with encephalopathy Wernicke. (panafrican-med-journal.com)
  • We aimed therefore to look at a sample of these patients from a single year (2010) to check on diagnostic accuracy and to look at outcomes over five years. (addiction-ssa.org)
  • Articulate your relationship with the consulting diagnostic radiologists in the evaluation of a patient with altered mental status. (ufl.edu)
  • Giving a carbohydrate load to patients with thiamin deficiency (ie, refeeding after starvation or giving IV dextrose -containing solutions to high-risk patients) can trigger Wernicke encephalopathy. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Follow-up care until delivery of current pregnancy, intensive care for advanced cardiomyopathy, definitive care for hyperthyroidism, or further workup of intestinal derangement may be warranted in patients with thiamine deficiency. (medscape.com)
  • We describe two hematological pediatric patients with thiamine deficiency and hemodynamic instability who improved following thiamine supplements. (thieme-connect.de)
  • Thiamine deficiency in critically ill patients with sepsis. (thieme-connect.de)
  • There is evidence of a link between serotonin deficiency, impulsivity and drinking behaviour which may explain the role of SSRIs in suppressing alcohol reinforced behaviour in some alcohol-dependent patients. (psychscenehub.com)
  • This patient requires urgent workup and management. (ufl.edu)