• All genes in this SD protein endocytosis and recycling pathway, as well as SD proteins themselves, are highly conserved from flies to humans. (sdbonline.org)
  • Receptors play a key role in cell signaling as they are able to detect chemical signals or physical stimuli. (wikipedia.org)
  • Receptors are generally proteins located on the cell surface or within the interior of the cell such as the cytoplasm, organelles, and nucleus. (wikipedia.org)
  • Cell surface receptors usually bind with extracellular signals (or ligands), which causes a conformational change in the receptor that leads it to initiate enzymic activity, or to open or close ion channel activity. (wikipedia.org)
  • Second messenger systems can amplify a signal, in which activation of a few receptors results in multiple secondary messengers being activated, thereby amplifying the initial signal (the first messenger). (wikipedia.org)
  • Signaling molecules binding surface receptors are generally large and hydrophilic (e.g. (wikipedia.org)
  • Previous studies suggest that G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), including P2Y and parathyroid hormone receptors, play important roles in osteoblast mechanobiology. (geneticsmr.com)
  • These conserved families of secreted morphogens/signals, such as Fibroblast Growth Factor (FGF), Hedgehog (Hh), Wingless (Wg)/Wnt, Epidermal Growth Factor (EGF), and Decapentaplegic (Dpp - a BMP homolog), act away from their sources and, upon binding to receptors, activate gene regulatory pathways to induce functions in recipient cells 1 , 2 . (biorxiv.org)
  • These receptors trigger inflammation through the NFkB-dependent and interferon regulatory factor-dependent signaling pathway. (medscape.com)
  • We are primarily using cytomegaloviruses to examine how the pathogens alter signaling pathways directed by G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs) to facilitate robust replication in tissues important for host-host dissemination. (uc.edu)
  • The thymic selection of the human T-cell receptor repertoire releases polyspecific receptors with the ability to recognize and respond to peptides from unrelated viruses. (elifesciences.org)
  • Plasmodesmata: Protein Transport Signals and Receptors. (mpg.de)
  • Signal transduction begins with the transformation (or transduction) of a signal into a chemical one, which can directly activate an ion channel (ligand-gated ion channel) or initiate a second messenger system cascade that propagates the signal through the cell. (wikipedia.org)
  • Aβ-mediated oxidative stress results in mitochondrial dysfunction, impairment of glucose metabolism, loss of proteostasis and synaptic plasticity, altered signal transduction, neuroinflammation, and progressive loss of neurons 9 . (nature.com)
  • ZO-1 may be involved in signal transduction at cell-cell junctions. (thermofisher.com)
  • The Miller laboratory is interested in the mechanisms by which viral pathogens manipulate host cell signal transduction pathways. (uc.edu)
  • Signals that originate from outside a cell (or extracellular signals) can be physical agents like mechanical pressure, voltage, temperature, light, or chemical signals (e.g., small molecules, peptides, or gas). (wikipedia.org)
  • The inhibition of one of these steps by small molecules, such as antimicrobial peptides, or their action on specific targets will leave pathogens armless against classical antibiotics. (intechopen.com)
  • Pertussis toxin B-pentamer mediates intercellular transfer of membrane proteins and lipids. (uc.edu)
  • These vesicles are carriers of active or non-autonomous function biomolecules, such as proteins, lipids, DNA, mRNA and non-coding regulatory RNA. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • MARV assembles and buds from the host cell plasma where MARV matrix protein (mVP40) dimers associate with anionic lipids at the plasma membrane inner leaflet and undergo a dynamic and extensive self-oligomerization into the structural matrix layer. (uci.edu)
  • The cytoplasmic Rap proteins exert their regulatory function by inhibiting the activity of their target regulator (Spo0F, DegU, or ComA) via dephosphorylation, or by directly blocking DNA binding. (nature.com)
  • ZO-1 is a protein located on a cytoplasmic membrane surface of intercellular tight junctions. (thermofisher.com)
  • In this approach, heterologous proteins are expressed either as cytoplasmic or intracellularly or secreted as extracellularly [ 11 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Loss of Pcs impairs Rab11 localization on the trans-side of Golgi units and induces the cytoplasmic accumulation of post-Golgi vesicles bearing rhabdomere proteins, as observed in Rab11-deficiency. (sdbonline.org)
  • All teneurins, especially in mouse, are type II transmembrane proteins that are composed of a large extracellular C terminal domain of ~2400 amino acid residues, a single transmembrane helical domain of ~30 hydrophobic residues and an intracellular N terminal domain of ~300-375 residues. (wikipedia.org)
  • Pathologic features of AD are characterized by persistent deposition of the intercellular amyloid β-peptide (Aβ) plaques and intracellular tau protein and impairment of the neuron-to-neuron synaptic communication and nutrient transportation inside neuron 3 . (nature.com)
  • The activity of these regulators depends on their phosphorylation status, which is controlled by the activity of specific kinases that can sense a wide array of environmental and intracellular signals, and phosphorylate their corresponding response regulators accordingly. (nature.com)
  • Disrupting any component in this pathway led to disrupted SD on the cell surface and intracellular accumulation of mislocalized SD proteins. (sdbonline.org)
  • Perilipin 5 (PLIN5) is a lipid-droplet-associated protein that coordinates intracellular lipolysis in highly oxidative tissues and is thought to regulate lipid metabolism in response to phosphorylation by protein kinase A (PKA). (uci.edu)
  • Parnell E , Voorn RA, Martin-de-Saavedra MD, Loizzo DD, Dos Santos M , Penzes P . A developmental delay linked missense mutation in Kalirin-7 disrupts protein function and neuronal morphology. (neurotree.org)
  • Drosophila bearing the ocelliless mutation underproduce two major chorion proteins both of which map near this gene. (uchicago.edu)
  • In response to the presence of certain activating substances, including oxidized LDL, monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 (MCP-1), interleukin (IL)-8, and platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF), leukocytes migrate into the wall of the artery (see the image below). (medscape.com)
  • The mechanism involves the production and detection of a signaling molecule, and the regulation of gene transcription in response. (wikipedia.org)
  • these pro inflammatory cells also show increased TNFR2, type I, and type II IFN pathway gene expression. (nih.gov)
  • The immune-related DEOSGs and hub genes were identified by weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) and protein-protein interaction (PPI) analysis, respectively. (nature.com)
  • Intercellular signaling through the CLV3 pathway restricts stem cell accumulation by limiting the expression of the WOX family transcription factor gene WUSCHEL (WUS), which in turn promotes stem cell fate and directly activates CLV3 transcription. (berkeley.edu)
  • We are currently pursuing studies of the dominant signaling and gene regulatory networks that control this process, including the Ras/MAPK cascade, which is required for stem cell-mediated self-renewal and the p53 transcription factor family member, p63, which is required for epidermal differentiation. (stanford.edu)
  • Molecular genetics of the Drosophila melanogaster ovo locus, a gene required for sex determination of germline cells. (uchicago.edu)
  • With 35,000 genes and hundreds of thousands of protein states to identify, correlate, and understand, it no longer suffices to rely on studies of one gene, gene product, or process at a time. (genomicglossaries.com)
  • Gene Ontology (GO), KEGG, and cancer genomics analyses were performed to identify significant functions, pathways, and the associations of differentially expressed mRNAs. (jcancer.org)
  • Inherited risk for stroke is likely multigenic, although specific single-gene disorders with stroke as a component of the phenotype demonstrate the potency of genetics in determining stroke risk. (medscape.com)
  • Low shear stress up-regulates expression of vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 (VCAM-1), while increased shear stress can lead to increased gene expression of intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1). (medscape.com)
  • Synaptic signaling is a special case of paracrine signaling (for chemical synapses) or juxtacrine signaling (for electrical synapses) between neurons and target cells. (wikipedia.org)
  • The TCAP is the resulting peptide from cleaving a putative furin cleavage site found immediately on the N-terminal of TCAP. (wikipedia.org)
  • ULT1 encodes a SAND domain putative transcriptional regulator that restricts stem cell accumulation and operates as a critical timing component of a pathway that terminates stem cell fate during flower formation. (berkeley.edu)
  • Brainiac encodes a novel, putative secreted protein that cooperates with Grk TGF alpha in the genesis of the follicular epithelium. (uchicago.edu)
  • Characterization of a putative Drosophila GTP-binding protein. (uchicago.edu)
  • Rapid and comprehensive analysis of putative proteinous allergens ( allergenome ) by applying such a proteomic strategy … With allergenomics, we can not only detect and assign the putative allergens (proteins specifically interacting with IgE antibodies in a patient's blood) in a short time, but also analyze the quantitative and qualitative change of the antigens, depending on the surroundings and environmental conditions of an allergenic causative. (genomicglossaries.com)
  • In this review, we assess the potential role of putative gut microbiota products in the etiopathogeny of Parkinson's disease, with a special emphasis on functional bacterial amyloid proteins, bacterial biosurfactants, endotoxins and short-chain fatty acids. (techscience.com)
  • Cell-to-cell transport of proteins: requirement for unfolding and characterization of binding to a putative plasmodesmal receptor. (mpg.de)
  • The Notch receptor is part of a core signalling pathway which is highly conserved in all metazoan species. (nih.gov)
  • We also use functional genomics to characterize members a plant-specific family of CLV3-related signaling molecules called CLE proteins and determine their roles in plant development. (berkeley.edu)
  • Each cell is programmed to respond to specific extracellular signal molecules, and is the basis of development, tissue repair, immunity, and homeostasis. (wikipedia.org)
  • To address this and to also study the oncogenic potential of unregulated function of dominant regulators of epithelial homeostasis noted above, we developed Multi-Functional Human Tissue Genetics noted above which, when combined with skin tissue regeneration on immune deficient mice, has permitted the molecular reconstruction of events sufficient to trigger human cancer. (stanford.edu)
  • aux depletion leads to excessive ISC proliferation and midgut homeostasis disruption, which is unlikely caused by defective Notch signaling. (sdbonline.org)
  • Exosomes, via their cargo or surface composition, are signals/mediators of systemic homeostasis and stress for specific cell-to-cell or tissue-to-tissue communication ( 5 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
  • In plants and animals, signaling between cells occurs either through release into the extracellular space, divided in paracrine signaling (over short distances) and endocrine signaling (over long distances), or by direct contact, known as juxtacrine signaling such as notch signaling. (wikipedia.org)
  • Although cellular and in vivo studies have provided considerable insight into the downstream consequences of Notch signalling, relatively little is known about the molecular basis of the receptor/ligand interaction and initial stages of activation. (nih.gov)
  • By exploiting xenografts of CRC cells with different tumourigenic properties in mice, we found that the aggressive phenotype was associated with altered expression of components of the Notch pathway, including Notch3, Delta-like 4 (DLL4), and Jagged-1 ligands. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Burgdorf JS, Yoon S, Dos Santos M , Lammert CR, Moskal JR, Penzes P . An IGFBP2-derived peptide promotes neuroplasticity and rescues deficits in a mouse model of Phelan-McDermid syndrome. (neurotree.org)
  • Contact-mediated FGF-FGFR binding induces bidirectional signaling, which, in turn, promotes ASP and source cells to polarize cytonemes toward each other and reinforce signaling contacts. (biorxiv.org)
  • Notch3 signalling promotes tumour growth in colorectal cancer. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Human cytomegalovirus G protein-coupled receptor US28 promotes latency by attenuating c-fos. (uc.edu)
  • Mutations that alter the ability of Escherichia coli cyclic AMP receptor protein to activate transcription. (microbiologyresearch.org)
  • Identification and analysis of the plant peroxisomal targeting signal 1 receptor NtPEX5. (mpg.de)
  • BACKGROUND: Orforglipron, an oral, non-peptide glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonist, is in development for type 2 diabetes and obesity. (bvsalud.org)
  • AIM: To report the results of a Phase 1b trial evaluating the safety, pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of orforglipron (LY3502970), an oral, non-peptide glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist (GLP-1RA), in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D). (bvsalud.org)
  • DEC-205 (CD205), a member of the macrophage mannose receptor protein family, is the prototypic endocytic receptor of dendritic cells, whose ligands include phosphorothioated cytosine-guanosine (CpG) oligonucleotides, a motif often seen in bacterial or viral DNA. (uci.edu)
  • Here we describe the 3.2 Å cryo-EM structure of human DEC-205, thereby illuminating the structure of the mannose receptor protein family. (uci.edu)
  • In addition to the CLV3 pathway, we have identified the Arabidopsis ULTRAPETALA1 (ULT1) locus as an important negative regulator of shoot and floral stem cell activity. (berkeley.edu)
  • Computational pipeline to determine signs of natural positive selection for certain biological pathways among different human ethnic populations. (baderlab.org)
  • We have determined that most Arabidopsis tissues express multiple CLE genes in highly specific patterns, indicating that CLE-mediated signaling pathways are likely to play roles in many biological processes. (berkeley.edu)
  • Biofilm is a complex matrix consisting of extracellular polysaccharides, DNA, and proteins that protect bacteria from a variety of physical, chemical, and biological stresses allowing them to survive in hostile environments. (intechopen.com)
  • The biofilm matrix consists of polysaccharides, proteins, and DNA and constitutes a stubborn source that protects bacteria from a variety of physical, chemical, and biological stresses. (intechopen.com)
  • Their multi‑functional cargo have been indicated to regulate a vast number of biological pathways in target cells. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • Compound 20 showed outstanding biological data, inhibiting tau protein and Aβ40 aggregation with IC50 = 1.8 and 1.3 μM, respectively. (ibecbarcelona.eu)
  • GO and pathway analysis revealed differentially expressed mRNAs involved in many critical biological processes and molecular functions. (jcancer.org)
  • Piguel NH, Yoon S, Gao R, Horan KE, Garza JC, Petryshen TL, Smith KR, Penzes P . Lithium rescues dendritic abnormalities in Ank3 deficiency models through the synergic effects of GSK3β and cyclic AMP signaling pathways. (neurotree.org)
  • Autocrine signaling is a special case of paracrine signaling where the secreting cell has the ability to respond to the secreted signaling molecule. (wikipedia.org)
  • Inhibition of SHH pathway mechanisms by arsenic trioxide in pediatric medulloblastomas: a comprehensive literature review. (geneticsmr.com)
  • A set of twenty-five thioxanthene-9-one and xanthene-9-one derivatives, that were previously shown to inhibit cholinesterases (ChEs) and amyloid β (Aβ40) aggregation, were evaluated for the inhibition of tau protein aggregation. (ibecbarcelona.eu)
  • These models are being used to systematically elucidate proteins required for cutaneous carcinogenesis and to test their potential role as therapeutic targets. (stanford.edu)
  • Neurons, with their distinct neurites, require elaborate membrane trafficking pathways and regulation to uphold neurite identity and to be able to respond to neuronal or developmental stimuli. (sdbonline.org)
  • Errors in signaling interactions may cause diseases such as cancer, autoimmunity, and diabetes. (wikipedia.org)
  • On the other hand, recombinant therapeutical proteins have received a great deal of attention in recent years due to their advantages including low side effects, minimized cytotoxicity, high selectivity, and very low non-specific interactions [ 7 , 8 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • During development, intercellular communication of morphogens is critical for embryonic cells to determine their positional identity, directionality, and interactions in an organized pattern to sculpt tissue. (biorxiv.org)
  • Understanding how signals might inform cells of their positional identity, directionality, and interactions and organize these functions in diverse tissue-specific patterns is critical to understanding morphogenesis. (biorxiv.org)
  • Instead, no regular assembly is obtained from solutions with high peptide concentrations, as their dynamics is dominated by strong repulsive peptide-peptide electrostatic interactions, and from solutions at pH 10, in which the total peptide charge is zero. (ibecbarcelona.eu)
  • FLIM-FRET analysis of protein-protein interactions showed that PLIN5 S155 phosphorylation regulates PLIN5 interaction with adipose triglyceride lipase at the lipid droplet, but not with α-β hydrolase domain-containing 5. (uci.edu)
  • The downstream effects of these signaling pathways may include additional enzymatic activities such as proteolytic cleavage, phosphorylation, methylation, and ubiquitinylation. (wikipedia.org)
  • Our present goals are to further characterize the biochemical properties and downstream targets of ULT1 and the related ULT2 protein, and to identify additional components of the pathway. (berkeley.edu)
  • In this study, we developed reverse genetics systems, including minigenomes and recombinant viruses, that will facilitate the study of these pathogens. (cdc.gov)
  • Analogous to findings in eukaryotes, our results suggest the selective export of specific RNA biotypes by E. coli, which in turn indicates a potential role for extracellular bacterial RNAs in intercellular communication. (uni.lu)
  • For example, exosomes and nanovesicles secreted by living cells serve as intercellular couriers of mRNA, microRNAs (miRNAs), long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs), and proteins and have thus garnered considerable interest [ 3 ]. (jcancer.org)
  • This regulatory pathway functions as a negative feedback loop that maintains a functional balance between stem cell accumulation and organ formation throughout the plant life cycle. (berkeley.edu)
  • Interestingly, aux depletion causes a dramatic increase in EGFR signaling, with a strong accumulation of EGFR at the plasma membrane and an increased expression of EGFR ligands in response to tissue stress. (sdbonline.org)
  • It is required for various cell fate decisions at multiple stages of development and in the adult organism, with dysregulation of the pathway associated with genetic and acquired diseases including cancer. (nih.gov)
  • These new models, which we term Multi-Functional Human Tissue Genetics, allow up to 10 alleles or more to be altered simultaneously, permitting genetic experiments with an unprecedented degree of rapidity and complexity. (stanford.edu)
  • Recent advances in genetic engineering have made it possible for microorganisms to be used for expression of heterologous proteins. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Among the four different medulloblastoma subgroups described to date, the sonic hedgehog (SHH) genetic pathway is the pathway activated in the tumorigenesis of medulloblastoma. (geneticsmr.com)
  • Using the Drosophila nephrocyte as a genetic screen platform, most genes involved in endocytosis and cell trafficking were screened, and the key components were identified of the cell trafficking pathway required for SD protein endocytosis and recycling. (sdbonline.org)
  • Exosome contain proteins, miRNAs, and mRNAs, and the exosomal lipid bilayer protects this genetic information from degradation. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Our experimental focus is on the mammalian setting using multiomics, informatics, mouse genetics, human genetics, single cell studies, and new human tissue platforms. (stanford.edu)
  • The increased intestinal permeability was accompanied by augmented expression of genes marking immune cell infiltration and encoding key proteins for immune cell adhesion, antigen presentation, and cytokine signaling in the orbital tissue. (frontiersin.org)
  • The production of recombinant mature hormone in suitable hosts and secretion of this therapeutic protein into the extracellular space can be considered as one of the best cost-effective approaches not only to obtain the active form of the protein but also endotoxin-free preparation. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The recombinant hGH was then expressed in E. coli and successfully secreted to the medium through the Sec pathway. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Recombinant hGH was then expressed in E. coli and successfully secreted into cell culture medium via the Sec pathway. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Exosomal markers include microRNAs like miR-21 and miR-141, plus various proteins that belong in functional groups such as tetraspanins (CD9, CD63 and CD81), heat shock proteins (Hsp70, Hsp73 and Hsp90) and membrane transporters (GTPases) ( 4 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
  • Intercellular signaling pathways convey cell fate information, regulate cell division and differentiation processes, and propagate and amplify specific signaling states. (berkeley.edu)
  • The neutrophil maturation and differentiation pathway termed myelopoiesis takes approximately 12 days. (medscape.com)
  • Since the natural growth hormone signal peptide is of eukaryotic origin and is not detectable by any of the Escherichia coli secretory systems, including Sec and Tat, and is therefore unable to secrete hGH in the prokaryotic systems, designing a new and efficient signal peptide is essential to direct hGh to the extracellular space. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Since the native signal protein peptide of S. aureus protein A was not able to deliver hGH to the extracellular space, it was modified using bioinformatics tools and fused to the n-terminal region of hGh to show that the redesigned signal peptide was functional. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Thus, these results suggest that the SD proteins in human kidney undergo the same endocytosis and recycling pathway to maintain the filtration structure, and mutations in any genes in this pathway could lead to abnormal SD and renal diseases. (sdbonline.org)
  • The benefits of integrating cross-species systems genetics platforms to advance knowledge in the underlying mechanisms that drive cardiometabolic diseases have been investigated. (elifesciences.org)
  • The gut needs to produce a strong protective immune response to resist the invasion of pathogenic antigens, while similar reactions to harmless antigens such as dietary proteins or symbiotic microorganisms, may lead to chronic inflammatory diseases. (frontiersin.org)
  • Cell signaling is a fundamental property of all cellular life in prokaryotes and eukaryotes. (wikipedia.org)
  • Nodal signaling is essential for the specification of mesendodermal tissues and the concurrent cellular movements of gastrulation. (edu.au)
  • Specifically, we link increases in cellular apoptosis and TGF-BR2 signalling to MC breakdown in opossums. (edu.au)
  • These findings bring along a paradox - not only do signals instruct cells and organize discrete cellular patterns, but cells also control the patterns of signal presentation and reception by organizing the distribution of cytonemes and cytoneme contacts 6 , 9 . (biorxiv.org)
  • The nuclear membrane protein SUN1 stabilizes endothelial cell-cell junctions far from the nucleus via regulation of microtubule dynamics and Rho GEF-H1 signaling, revealing long-range cellular communication important for vascular development and function. (elifesciences.org)
  • Teneurin protein was first identified and characterised in Drosophila by Baumgartner and Chiquet-Ehrismann in early 1990s. (wikipedia.org)
  • The embryonic Drosophila cDNA library was screened using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and a primer derived from the EGF-like repeats region of chicken tenascin-C protein. (wikipedia.org)
  • Since discovery of teneurins in Drosophila, many other laboratories have independently described the Ten-a and Ten-m/Odz homolog proteins in different vertebrates. (wikipedia.org)
  • The primary structure, or amino acid sequence identity, of the proteins between paralogs is ~60% identical and between orthologs is ~90%, whilst between vertebrates and Drosophila or C. elegans is only 33-41% identical. (wikipedia.org)
  • Amplification of genes for chorion proteins during oogenesis in Drosophila melanogaster. (uchicago.edu)
  • Developmental genetics of the 2E-F region of the Drosophila X chromosome: a region rich in "developmentally important" genes. (uchicago.edu)
  • The present study unravels a new molecular system for vesicle-based axonal transport of proteins in male and female flies (Drosophila melanogaster). (sdbonline.org)
  • Transforming Growth Factor-beta ( TGF-beta , TGF-β) this is a superfamily signaling pathway with many different roles during development. (edu.au)
  • Essential roles of cytonemes or cytoneme-like filopodia have been discovered in many vertebrate and invertebrate systems and are implicated in most signaling pathways, including Hh, Dpp, FGF, EGF, Ephrin, and Wnt under various contexts 4 - 18 . (biorxiv.org)
  • The population-heterogeneity regulatory network of B. subtilis is further controlled by a family of response regulator aspartyl-phosphate (Rap) phosphatases and their cognate phosphatase-regulator (Phr) peptides. (nature.com)
  • Colorectal cancer is a complex disease driven by well-established mutations such as APC and other yet to be identified pathways. (sdbonline.org)
  • For example, serum biomarkers, such as high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) and cytokine levels, predict progression of atherosclerosis and risk of stroke. (medscape.com)
  • Thus, GPI-anchored FGF organizes both source and recipient cells and self-regulates its cytoneme-mediated tissue-specific dispersion and signaling. (biorxiv.org)
  • The GTPase Rab11 regulates endosomal protein trafficking and previous work has shown that loss of Rab11 caused intestinal inflammation and hyperplasia in mice and flies. (sdbonline.org)
  • This study found that auxilin (Aux) restricts intestinal stem cell (ISC) proliferation mainly through EGFR signaling. (sdbonline.org)
  • The prevalence and similarities of these signaling filopodia suggest that the polarized target-specific morphogen exchange through filopodial contacts is an evolutionarily conserved signaling mechanism. (biorxiv.org)
  • Review - TGF-β Family Signaling in Early Vertebrate Development [2] "TGF-β family ligands function in inducing and patterning many tissues of the early vertebrate embryonic body plan. (edu.au)
  • Bone morphogenetic protein ( BMP ) signaling patterns tissues along the dorsal-ventral axis and simultaneously directs the cell movements of convergence and extension. (edu.au)
  • To test the idea that loss of Rab11 may promote cancer progression, archival human patient tissues were analyzed and 51 out of 70 colon cancer tissues had lower Rab11 protein staining. (sdbonline.org)
  • In: Developmental Signaling in Plants, Vol. 40 , pp. 1 - 29 (Eds. (mpg.de)
  • The Phr peptides are imported back into the cell upon reaching threshold concentrations at high cell density and bind to their cognate Rap phosphatase, inducing conformational changes that inhibit its activity 10 , 11 . (nature.com)
  • Opsonins are often antibodies or components of the complement pathway that bind to the surface of target organisms to facilitate this phagocytosis. (medscape.com)
  • Alpha-crystallins also act as molecular chaperones that bind to denatured proteins, keep them in solution and thereby maintain the translucency of the lens. (lookformedical.com)
  • Tissue extracts of Mouse Testis (Lane 6) and Mouse Kidney (Lane 7) were electrophoresed using NuPAGE™ 3-8% Tris-Acetate Protein Gel (Product # EA0378BOX). (thermofisher.com)
  • These findings warrant further exploration to assess the correlation between specific inflammatory pathways in the orbital tissue and the gut microbiota composition and may pave the way for new microbiota-targeting therapies. (frontiersin.org)
  • How signaling proteins generate a multitude of information to organize tissue patterns is critical to understanding morphogenesis. (biorxiv.org)
  • The discrete tissue-specific organization of morphogen signaling is known to be dependent on the ability of signal-receiving cells to selectively sense and respond to a specific signal 3 . (biorxiv.org)
  • In biology, cell signaling (cell signalling in British English) or cell communication is the ability of a cell to receive, process, and transmit signals with its environment and with itself. (wikipedia.org)
  • Cell signaling can occur over short or long distances, and as a result can be classified as autocrine, juxtacrine, intracrine, paracrine, or endocrine. (wikipedia.org)
  • Signaling molecules can be synthesized from various biosynthetic pathways and released through passive or active transports, or even from cell damage. (wikipedia.org)
  • Many cell signals are carried by molecules that are released by one cell and move to make contact with another cell. (wikipedia.org)
  • Molecular components of stem cell maintenance pathways were altered during the domestication of many crop plants, including corn and tomato, to increase the size of the ears and fruits. (berkeley.edu)
  • We are currently analyzing several plant stem cell maintenance pathways. (berkeley.edu)
  • These results suggested that PNE enhanced the susceptibility of OA in male elderly offspring rats by down-regulating TGFβ signaling, which increased articular cartilage local inflammation, matrix degradation, and cell apoptosis. (edu.au)
  • In this section, we will focus on proteins involved in biofilm formation as useful targets for the development of new drugs that can effectively and specifically impair biofilm formation with slight effects on cell survival, thus avoiding the generation of drug-resistant strains. (intechopen.com)
  • Here, we show that FGF is Glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored to the producing cell surface and that this modification both inhibits free FGF secretion and activates target-specific bidirectional FGF-FGFR signaling through cytonemes. (biorxiv.org)
  • Strikingly, each signal and signaling pathway can generate a wide range of cell types and organizations in diverse contexts 3 . (biorxiv.org)
  • However, recent advances in microscopy revealed that both signal-producing and receiving cells could extend signaling filopodia named cytonemes and selectively deliver or receive signals through cytoneme-cell contact sites 4 - 9 . (biorxiv.org)
  • We asked: (1) How do cytonemes recognize a specific target cell and form signaling contacts? (biorxiv.org)
  • An Arabidopsis Callus Grafting Method to Test Cell-to-Cell Mobility of Proteins. (mpg.de)
  • Our results indicate that several dozens of proteins for each cell type, are PE-lipoxidated in HT-22, MLE, and H9c2 cells and M2 macrophages after they were induced to undergo ferroptosis. (cdc.gov)
  • In this review, we summarize the current knowledge of the function and regulation of TGF-β family signaling in these processes. (edu.au)
  • RNA-protein multiome approach helps to discover that the posttranscriptional regulation of the translational machinery is crucial for the fidelity of cortical development. (elifesciences.org)
  • Others may interfere with neuroinflammatory pathways and susceptibility to neurodegeneration. (techscience.com)
  • Our work has also demonstrated that, like CLV3, the CLE proteins function as secreted polypeptides that act in diverse intercellular signaling modules along with other WOX family members. (berkeley.edu)
  • Prenatal nicotine exposure increases osteoarthritis susceptibility in male elderly offspring rats via low-function programming of the TGFβ signaling pathway [3] "Epidemiological investigations indicate that effects related to prenatal adverse environments on the organs of the offspring could continue to adulthood. (edu.au)
  • sequence and function of genes encoding a second sensory pathway. (microbiologyresearch.org)
  • In contrast, traditional models predict that the signal presentation from the source via free secretion and extracellular diffusion is a non-selective process. (biorxiv.org)
  • We demonstrate that a simple change in TGF-β signalling is sufficient to inhibit MC breakdown during opossum development, indicating that changes in TGF-β signalling might be key during mammalian evolution. (edu.au)