• This peptide induces a potent and long-lasting antinociceptive effect that is mediated by the activation of peripheral opioid receptors. (iasp-pain.org)
  • Diverse signal recognition receptors and signal transduction pathways were defined which regulate cellular functions, metabolism and development. (mdpi.com)
  • NRP-1 mediates activation of intracellular signaling pathways through interaction with its co-receptors, Plexin-A1 and VEGFRs. (ecmbio.com)
  • Protease-activated receptors (PARs) and the neurokinin 1 receptor (NK1R) belong to the G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) family. (scientificarchives.com)
  • G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are a large family of cell membrane receptors. (scientificarchives.com)
  • Neutrophils release serine proteases such as neutrophil elastase, proteinase 3, cathepsin G. These proteolytic enzymes activate protease-activated receptors (PARs) to induce intracellular signaling. (scientificarchives.com)
  • Furthermore, the TL-derived synthetic peptide SLAAAA-NH 2 failed to cause PAR 2 -mediated calcium signaling but did activate MAP kinase, whereas SLIGRL-NH 2 triggered both calcium and MAP kinase signaling by all receptors. (aspetjournals.org)
  • Although the signalling pathways induced by VEGF have been well-studied, the precise molecular mechanisms remain to be determined, particularly with respect to the relative contribution of the individual receptors. (figshare.com)
  • To identify novel effectors downstream of these receptors, their intracellular domains were used as bait to screen yeast two-hybrid cDNA libraries. (figshare.com)
  • The chimeric receptors were significantly activated in response to ligand, thereby enabling studies of this signalling with the putative effectors PKB/Akt, PLC and ERK1.2. (figshare.com)
  • G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) constitute a large family of integral transmembrane receptor proteins that play a central role in signal transduction in eukaryotes. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Signaling effectors containing binding pockets for pY-containing peptides are recruited to activated receptors and induce the various signaling pathways. (genome.jp)
  • The Shc- and/or Grb2-activated mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway is a common target downstream of all ErbB receptors. (genome.jp)
  • Several cytoplasmic docking proteins appear to be recruited by specific ErbB receptors and less exploited by others. (genome.jp)
  • Essential FA, mainly polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), may modulate gene expression in diverse biological processes thought regulating transcription factors (TF), including peroxisome proliferator receptors (PPAR) , liver X receptors (LXR) , and sterol regulatory element-binding proteins ( SREBP ) 3 . (nature.com)
  • Unlike classical G-protein coupled receptors, the encoded protein does not associate with intracellular G-proteins. (nih.gov)
  • While this analysis highlights the obvious useful flexibility of PrPC being a signaling molecule and could offer understanding into cellular systems of TSE pathology in addition, it emphasizes the dangers connected with attributing activation of particular intracellular occasions to particular receptors through artificial types of receptor activation. (fabretp.org)
  • 2004) and subsequently to report on selective Aβ dependent alterations in synaptic proteins and neurotransmitter receptors, including surface glutamate receptors and PSD-95 (Almeida et al. (lu.se)
  • Merlin regulates multiple proliferative signalling cascades such as receptor tyrosine kinase signalling, p21-activated kinase signalling, Ras signalling, MEK-ERK cascade, MST-YAP cascade. (wikipedia.org)
  • This gene encodes a cytoplasmic protein tyrosine kinase which is found concentrated in the focal adhesions that form between cells growing in the presence of extracellular matrix constituents. (genetex.com)
  • PKCζ-Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Signaling Mediates Crotalphine-Induced Antinociception. (iasp-pain.org)
  • The opioid receptor activation regulates a variety of intracellular signaling, including the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway. (iasp-pain.org)
  • Using primary cultures of sensory neurons, it was demonstrated that crotalphine increases the level of activated ERK1/2 and JNK-MAPKs and this increase is dependent on the activation of protein kinase Cζ (PKCζ). (iasp-pain.org)
  • To do so, we mutated the proteolytically revealed TL sequence of rPAR 2 and examined the impact on stimulating intracellular calcium transients and mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase. (aspetjournals.org)
  • Upon trypsin activation, all constructs stimulated MAP kinase signaling, but only the wt-rPAR 2 and rPAR 2 -Ala 39-42 triggered calcium signaling. (aspetjournals.org)
  • The peptides AAIGRL-NH 2 and LSIGRL-NH 2 triggered neither calcium nor MAP kinase signals. (aspetjournals.org)
  • Afterwards, calmodulin and protein kinase C were discovered as modulator proteins of intracellular calcium signaling in hormonal action. (novapublishers.com)
  • This gene is a member of the protein-tyrosine kinase oncogene family. (cancerindex.org)
  • The protein associates with the p85 subunit of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase and interacts with the fyn-binding protein. (cancerindex.org)
  • We use a number of model systems (pituitary cells, cell lines, transgenic animals) to study signal pathways for a hypothalamic peptide hormone, TRH, which acts via a G protein coupled receptor to increase cytoplasmic calcium and protein kinase C activity. (rochester.edu)
  • Paroxetine is a direct inhibitor of g protein-coupled receptor kinase 2 and increases myocardial contractility. (rochester.edu)
  • Similarly, the phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI-3K) pathway is directly or indirectly activated by most ErbBs. (genome.jp)
  • These include the adaptors Crk, Nck, the phospholipase C gamma (PLCgamma), the intracellular tyrosine kinase Src, or the Cbl E3 ubiquitin protein ligase. (genome.jp)
  • leads to modifications in mitogen turned on proteins kinase (MAPK) signaling pathways as the 106-126 peptide activates development aspect related signaling pathways including vascular endothelial development aspect (VEGF) signaling as well as the phosphoinositide-3 kinase (PI3K) pathway. (fabretp.org)
  • Taxol-induced TRPV4-mediated hyperalgesia and the enhanced osmotransduction in cultured nociceptors were dependent on integrin/Src tyrosine kinase signaling. (jneurosci.org)
  • We also demonstrate that Taxol-induced TRPV4-mediated hyperalgesia is essentially dependent on integrin/Src tyrosine kinase signaling. (jneurosci.org)
  • these effects were blocked by U73122, an antagonist of phospholipase C. U73122 also abolished the effects of Wnta1-mediated upregulation of protein kinase C (PKC) β and γ expression, and the PKC antagonist Go 6983 eliminated Wnta1-induced secretion of ANP. (kjpp.net)
  • After activation by phosphorylated DVL, the WNT/PCP pathway is mediated by signaling through the small GTPases RhoA and Rac and Rho-associated kinase (ROCK) or c-Jun N-terminal kinase. (kjpp.net)
  • High salt enhanced the activity of the p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38/MAPK) and increased the interleukin (IL)-8 release in a p38/MAPK-dependent manner. (frontiersin.org)
  • Previously, we have shown in a mouse model that exposure to hog dust extract (HDE) collected from a CAFO results in the activation of protein kinase C (PKC), elevated lavage fluid cytokines/chemokines including interleukin-6 (IL-6), and the development of significant lung pathology. (cdc.gov)
  • Activation of this gene may be an important early step in cell growth and intracellular signal transduction pathways triggered in response to certain neural peptides or to cell interactions with the extracellular matrix. (genetex.com)
  • Neuropilins are transmembrane proteins that contain two CUB domains (a1 and a2), two coagulation factor-like domains (b1 and b2), and a MAM domain in the extracellular region. (ecmbio.com)
  • A common structural feature of GPCRs is the presence of a highly conserved architecture of seven stretches of transmembrane spanning residues linked by alternate extracellular and intracellular loops. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The diversity among GPCRs primarily stem from the presence of characteristic N-terminal extracellular domains and C-terminal intracellular domains and to a relatively lesser extent from the connecting loops which share limited sequence similarity. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The ErbB family of receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) couples binding of extracellular growth factor ligands to intracellular signaling pathways regulating diverse biologic responses, including proliferation, differentiation, cell motility, and survival. (genome.jp)
  • Extracellular antigens (eg, from many bacteria) that are phagocytosed or endocytosed can be processed into peptides and complexed with surface class II MHC molecules on professional APCs, which specialize in presenting antigens to CD4 helper T (Th) cells. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Our work took a different direction from the mainstream of AD research that focused on extracellular β-amyloid (Aβ) peptides with our discovery of the accumulation of Aβ within AD vulnerable neurons of human brains (Gouras et al. (lu.se)
  • I-FABP) and bovine heart fatty acid-binding pro- tissues and in intracellular as well as extracellular tein (H-FABP). (lu.se)
  • The encoded protein is a member of the FAK subfamily of protein tyrosine kinases but lacks significant sequence similarity to kinases from other subfamilies. (genetex.com)
  • Therefore, the understanding of the diverse signalling molecules, signal recognition mechanisms and signal transduction pathways is fundamental for the insight into physiological and pathophysiological processes. (mdpi.com)
  • The term "oncotarget" encompasses all molecules, pathways, cellular functions, cell types, and even tissues that can be viewed as targets relevant to cancer as well as other diseases. (oncotarget.com)
  • Abundant proteins, including membrane trafficking molecules, cytoskeleton molecules, chaperones, signal transduction proteins and cytoplasmic enzymes have been included in secreted exosomes [ 9 ]. (oncotarget.com)
  • After that, manifold proteins and their related molecules were demonstrated to participate in novel signaling pathways related to various cytokines in different types of cells. (novapublishers.com)
  • The expression of EMT-related molecules and Jagged-1/Notch signaling pathway was analyzed by Western blot and qPC experiments. (researchsquare.com)
  • GPCR based signal transduction is ubiquitous in eukaryotic genomes and forms the basis of detection of diverse environmental cues such as odorant molecules, amines, peptides, lipids, nucleotides and photons. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The use of drugs to target and regulate the corresponding key molecules or functional pathways to intervene is an important means of basic research and clinical treatment. (jnbiotech.cn)
  • In this study, we used a RNA-seq analysis from R. schneideri skin and biochemical tests with the gland secretion to unravel its protein molecules. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Besides, this is a pioneer study that presented the in depth characterization of protein molecules richness from this toad secretion. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The secretions are composed mainly by biogenic amines and steroids, as bufodienolides and bufotoxines, but they also produce proteins and glicoconjugate molecules [ 9 , 10 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Although some antigens (Ags) can stimulate the immune response directly, T cell-dependent acquired immune responses typically require antigen-presenting cells (APCs) to present antigen-derived peptides within major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Intracellular antigens (eg, viruses) can be processed and presented to CD8 cytotoxic T cells by any nucleated cell because all nucleated cells express class I MHC molecules. (msdmanuals.com)
  • MW) chemicals interact with host cells and molecules and In our daily life, we are confronted with a plethora of natural influence biologic processes such as signal transduction. (cdc.gov)
  • Data suggest that NOX4 provides a novel link between the insulin receptor and the generation of cellular reactive oxygen species that enhances insulin signal transduction. (novusbio.com)
  • Cellular signalling is the base for the extra- and intracellular communication. (mdpi.com)
  • Furthermore, these pathways are essential for cellular dynamics and build a highly regulated cellular signalling network. (mdpi.com)
  • Therefore, authors are invited to submit original research and review articles which address the progress and current standing of cellular signalling processes. (mdpi.com)
  • Cyclic AMP was a major molecule of interest, which played an important role as second messenger, contributing to signal transduction in the regulation of cellular function by peptide hormones. (novapublishers.com)
  • Thus, our discovery of the role of functional interaction between intracellular signaling pathways mediated by calcium ions (Ca 2+) and cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) (Ca 2+ /cAMP signaling interaction) in these cellular responses, opened a great avenue for the development of new antitumor therapeutic strategies. (researchgate.net)
  • The long-term goal is to understand signal transduction in endocrine cells at a molecular and cellular level. (rochester.edu)
  • Dietary fatty acids (FA) are components of the lipids, which contribute to membrane structure, energy input, and biological functions related to cellular signaling and transcriptome regulation. (nature.com)
  • In this review, we discuss the recent advances in our understanding of the molecular and cellular mechanisms that underlie Ehrlichia host cellular reprogramming strategies that enable intracellular survival. (frontiersin.org)
  • Despite its small genome and limited number of effector proteins, Ehrlichia efficiently establishes an intracellular infection and avoids immune defenses in vertebrate and invertebrate hosts through complex molecular and cellular reprogramming strategies. (frontiersin.org)
  • Pathway evaluation of kinome data The kinome data was put through pathway analysis to determine which cellular pathways/processes are activated beneath the different treatment conditions. (fabretp.org)
  • WNT signal transduction is an elaborate and complex aggregation of signaling pathways that regulate a wide range of cellular functions during development and in adult organisms. (kjpp.net)
  • These 11 genes are involved in several different cellular processes, including sugar transport, salt signaling, cell wall organization, and hormone signaling. (biomedcentral.com)
  • 2006). Moreover, we carried out studies on the cellular mechanisms whereby β-amyloid antibodies can reduce Aβ peptides and protect synapses in cell models of AD, providing a biological mechanism for a leading therapeutic direction for AD: Aβ immunotherapy (Tampellini et al. (lu.se)
  • Specialized cell structures called ribosomes are the cellular organelles that actually synthesize the proteins (RNA transcription). (cdc.gov)
  • However, whether PKCζ-MAPK signaling is critical for crotalphine-induced antinociception is unknown. (iasp-pain.org)
  • Additionally, alcohol inhibits the lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammatory cytokine, interleukin-6 (IL-6), via the p38 ERK1/2 MAPK pathway [ 9 ]. (cdc.gov)
  • NRP-1 has been implicated as a receptor involved in axon guidance and VEGF signaling. (ecmbio.com)
  • These data revealed previously unreported interactions between VEGFRs and WW domain-containing proteins - interactions that could have important implications for the mechanisms regulating VEGF expression. (figshare.com)
  • The mRNA and protein expression of matrix metalloproteinase 2 (MMP2) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in Tβ4-treated RP cells was assessed by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) and western blot analysis, respectively. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • Tβ4 also increased the mRNA and protein expression of MMP2 and VEGF in RP cells. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • In terms of mechanism, the functional gain and loss experiments of human LEC show that TLR3 regulates the proliferation, migration, invasion of LEC and EMT induced by TGF-β2 by targeting the Jagged-1/Notch signaling pathway to affect the development of fibrotic cataract. (researchsquare.com)
  • It regulates the expression of antimicrobial peptides encoding genes through the activation of the NF-κB transcription factor Relish. (cnrs.fr)
  • Immunocytochemical double labeling using anti-HA mouse monoclonal and anti-NRP-1 rabbit polyclonal (NP2111) antibodies in COS-7 cells mock transfected (A,D) or transfected with NRP-1 constructs (B,E). The specificity of the binding in E was demonstrated by using NRP-1 peptide (NX2115) in the presence of the anti-NRP-1 antibody (C,F). (ecmbio.com)
  • Antibodies engineered for intracellular function must not only have affinity for their target antigen, but must also be soluble and correctly folded in the cytoplasm. (jove.com)
  • Commonly used methods for the display and screening of recombinant antibody libraries do not incorporate intracellular protein folding quality control, and, thus, the antigen-binding capability and cytoplasmic folding and solubility of antibodies engineered using these methods often must be engineered separately. (jove.com)
  • Antigen-binding and cytoplasmic solubility can be improved with subsequent rounds of mutagenesis and screening to engineer antibodies with high affinity and high cytoplasmic solubility for intracellular applications. (jove.com)
  • Antibodies capable of folding and functioning in the intracellular environment are promising tools for both research and therapeutic applications. (jove.com)
  • Although antibodies have much potential for intracellular applications, engineering them for proper folding and solubility in the intracellular environment while maintaining the ability to bind to a target antigen is challenging. (jove.com)
  • These methods are powerful and effective for identifying antibodies that bind to targets, yet they depend on the secretory pathway to transport proteins that will be displayed 14-16 . (jove.com)
  • As a result, antibodies isolated using these techniques will not necessarily fold well in the cytoplasm, and intracellular solubility must often be engineered separately if the antibodies will be used in intracellular applications. (jove.com)
  • Outcomes IL-1to activate JNK, p38, and Erk1/2 pathways was researched by Traditional western blot evaluation using antibodies aimed against Thr-183/Tyr-185, Thr-180/Tyr-182, and Thr-202/Tyr-204 phosphorylated (ie, turned on) JNK, p38, and Erk1/2, respectively. (californiaehealth.org)
  • The effect of WNT signaling on regulation of atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) secretion is unclear. (kjpp.net)
  • Rab GTPases, as intracellular transport proteins, are master regulators of exocytic and endocytic membrane trafficking [ 10 ]. (oncotarget.com)
  • Cells depend on their DNA for coding information to make various classes of proteins that include enzymes, certain hormones, transport proteins, and structural proteins that support life. (cdc.gov)
  • We show that conserved signaling mechanisms regulate the acute transition from proliferative NSCs to committed glutamatergic excitatory neurons. (edu.au)
  • Both of these peptide families have important local actions in maintaining tissue homeostasis and repair after injury, and when mechanisms governing their regulation are disrupted they may contribute to disease progression. (embl.de)
  • Mechanisms by which E. chaffeensis establishes intracellular infection, and avoids host defenses are not well understood, but involve functionally relevant host-pathogen interactions associated with tandem and ankyrin repeat effector proteins. (frontiersin.org)
  • Identify targetable mechanisms and pathways underlying initiation and progression of SIDD. (lu.se)
  • Mechanistic studies revealed that Rab3D activated intracellular the AKT/GSK3β signaling to induce the EMT process. (oncotarget.com)
  • We were able to identify several classes of antimicrobial peptides, such as buforins, peroniins and brevinins, as well as PLA 2 , lectins and galectins, combining protein sequencing and RNA-seq analysis for the first time. (biomedcentral.com)
  • They have the ability to modulate protein activity by binding to a target protein inside cells to prevent protein-protein interactions, disrupt protein-nucleic acid interactions, or prevent substrate access to enzymes 1-5 . (jove.com)
  • Fifteen of 25 colorectal cancers (60%) showed abnormal accumulation of p53 protein in the nucleus, and the remaining 10 colorectal cancers (40%) were negative for p53 immunostaining. (nih.gov)
  • Scope includes mutations and abnormal protein expression. (cancerindex.org)
  • Theoretically, the possibilities include (1) a primary T-cell mediated autoimmune response causing muscle damage, (2) a primary degenerative process involving abnormal protein processing leading to a secondary inflammatory response, and (3) separate and independent immune and degenerative processes caused by an external trigger. (medscape.com)
  • WNT signaling plays an important role in cardiac development, but abnormal activity is often associated with cardiac hypertrophy, myocardial infarction, remodeling, and heart failure. (kjpp.net)
  • The occurrence and development of diseases are usually related to abnormal intracellular signaling networks. (jnbiotech.cn)
  • Deletions, too, in the NH2-terminal domain of merlin proteins have been associated with early tumor onset and poor prognosis in people with NF2. (wikipedia.org)
  • In the tumor microenvironment, cell migration and invasion are regulated by many factors such as intracellular signaling pathways, growth factors or onco-proteins [ 2 ]. (oncotarget.com)
  • Up-regulation of many of these genes can be explained as negative feedback, attenuating CRF-activated pathways. (aspetjournals.org)
  • Currently, it is not known whether orthologous, inhibitory serpin genes retain the same target proteinase specificity within the Drosophilid lineage, nor whether they give rise to non-inhibitory serpin-fold proteins or other, more diverged, proteins. (cnrs.fr)
  • These genes are involved in signaling and perception, rather than the physical restructuring of root. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The transcription factor RBPJ forms a coactivator complex in the presence of a Notch signal, whereas it represses Notch target genes in the absence of a Notch stimulus. (uni-ulm.de)
  • FAK (phospho Tyr576) antibody detects FAK (phospho Tyr576) protein at cell membrane by immunohistochemical analysis. (genetex.com)
  • Thus myosin VI-T6BP interactions may link membrane trafficking pathways with cell adhesion and cytokine-dependent cell signalling. (ox.ac.uk)
  • We provide a method to simultaneously screen a library of antibody fragments for binding affinity and cytoplasmic solubility by using the Escherichia coli twin-arginine translocation pathway, which has an inherent quality control mechanism for intracellular protein folding, to display the antibody fragments on the inner membrane. (jove.com)
  • The method harnesses the intrinsic intracellular folding quality control mechanism of the Escherichia coli twin-arginine translocation (Tat) pathway to display an scFv library on the E. coli inner membrane. (jove.com)
  • The Tat pathway ensures that only soluble, well-folded proteins are transported out of the cytoplasm and displayed on the inner membrane, thereby eliminating poorly folded scFvs prior to interrogation for antigen-binding. (jove.com)
  • Substance P (SP)/NK1R signals enhance shedding of membrane-bound fractalkine, whereas small interfering RNA for DUOX2 further increases membrane-bound fractalkine but decreases soluble fractalkine compared with cells treated with SP alone. (scientificarchives.com)
  • Considering the signaling pathway of TGFβ1 (an inhibitor of iNOS mRNA expression), silencing of RNA for TAK-1 upregulates membrane-bound fractalkine tripartite motif 28 (TRIM28)/transcriptional intermediary factor 1β (TIF1β) functions as an E3 ubiquitin ligase and specificity protein 1 negatively regulate TGFβ1 levels to upregulate the generation of peroxynitrite, leading to increased shedding of membrane-bound fractalkine via SP/NK1R signaling. (scientificarchives.com)
  • This work package utilises our large islet RNA data sets as well as a new human islet cell encyclopedia generated by single-cell RNA sequencing, and focuses on miRNA translation pathways, membrane receptor and intracellular Ca2+ signalling pathways. (lu.se)
  • A ubiquitous, cytoplasmic protein found in mature OLFACTORY RECEPTOR NEURONS of all VERTEBRATES. (bvsalud.org)
  • for example, H-FABP makes up 3% of the plasmic intracellular LBPs from three different cytoplasmic protein content in rat heart. (lu.se)
  • NOX4 has a role as a redox messenger in the activation of intracellular signaling pathways leading (or contributing) to mitochondriogenesis, cell survival, and differentiation in hematopoietic stem cells. (novusbio.com)
  • T6BP was also found to inhibit NF-kappaB activation, implicating it in the regulation of TRAF6-mediated cytokine signalling. (ox.ac.uk)
  • DUOX2 plays a pivotal role for ectodomain shedding through ADAM10/17 activation by GPCR signaling. (scientificarchives.com)
  • These results suggest that Wnta1 increased the secretion of ANP and mechanical dynamics in beating rat atria by activation of PKC-TAK1-ATF2-TCF3/LEF1 and TCF4/LEF1 signaling mainly via the WNT/Ca2+ pathway. (kjpp.net)
  • Colon cancer cells overexpressing Tβ 4 also exhibited enhanced cell migration, due in part to the activation of the Rac1 signaling pathway ( 3 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
  • Our outcomes claim that activation of Erk1/2, p38, and JNK pathways is one of the signaling cascades that mediate the upregulation of COX-2 appearance and PGE2 creation in individual chondrocytes subjected to proinflammatory cytokine IL-1 .05. (californiaehealth.org)
  • We previously demonstrated that acute MWCNT exposure led to impaired vascular reactivity that was dependent on MMP-9 activation and CD36 signaling. (cdc.gov)
  • It is also known that alcohol, at least in part, exerts its anti-inflammatory response via activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis pathway resulting in increases of glucocorticoids [ 10 ]. (cdc.gov)
  • The association of potential effector proteins with the VEGFRs were assessed in both yeast and mammalian cells, and the identity of the interacting residues was probed using site-directed mutagenesis and peptide competition experiments. (figshare.com)
  • Myosin VI interaction with T6BP and NDP52 was confirmed in vitro and in vivo and the binding sites on each protein were accurately mapped. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Figure 1 shows how the Ca 2+ /cAMP signaling interaction could be pharmacologically modulated by the combined use of the Ca 2+ channel blockers (CCB) and drugs that promote the increase of [cAMP] c (cAMP-enhancer compounds). (researchgate.net)
  • The pharmacological modulation of Ca2+/cAMP signalling interaction is also cited. (researchgate.net)
  • A number of direct and indirect radiation interaction pathways can produce damage to the DNA of irradiated cells. (cdc.gov)
  • We provided the first evidence that age-related pathology in Alzheimer's disease initiates with aberrant accumulation and aggregation of β-amyloid peptides within vulnerable neurons, in particular their neurite terminals (Takahashi RH et al. (lu.se)
  • As a secretory small GTPase, Rab3D is a vital regulator for protein secretion. (oncotarget.com)
  • Recently, protein from toads' secretion has gaining attention. (biomedcentral.com)
  • This review highlights some of the major findings pertinent to the epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptor and its ligands, particularly the major gut ligand transforming growth factor-alpha, as well as the trefoil peptides. (embl.de)
  • Betacellulin (BTC) belongs to the epidermal growth factor (EGF) family of peptide ligands that are characterised by a six-cysteine consensus motif that forms three intra-molecular disulfide bonds crucial for binding the ErbB receptor family. (embl.de)
  • These outcomes suggest that arousal of PrPC with distinctive ligands Collectively, inside the same cell type also, results in exclusive patterns of signaling. (fabretp.org)
  • We hypothesized that MWCNT inhalation exposure alters broad spectrum MMP activity, leading to serum-borne factors that enhance vascular permeability and activate inflammatory pathways. (cdc.gov)
  • These data suggest that alcohol exposure depresses the ability of the lung to activate PKCε-dependent inflammatory pathways to environmental dust exposure. (cdc.gov)
  • As in invertebrates, genetic effects of loci with only one functional allele can be used to analyze signaling networks in mice, demonstrating that negative regulation of the BCR is a complex quantitative trait in which Lyn, the coreceptor CD22, and the tyrosine phosphatase SHP-1 are each limiting elements. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Tight regulation of the signaling cascade ensures a balanced immune response, which is otherwise highly harmful. (cnrs.fr)
  • Altogether, our results highlight an evolutionarily conserved function of PP4c in the regulation of NF-κB signaling from to mammals. (cnrs.fr)
  • Tat protein is a major factor of HIV (human immunodeficiency virus) transcription regulation and has other activities. (crie.ru)
  • Merlin was first discovered as a structural protein functioning as an actin cytoskeleton regulator. (wikipedia.org)
  • Our previous study has shown that CCAAT-enhancer binding protein β (C/EBPβ) is an important regulator in METH-induced neuronal autophagy and apoptosis. (cancerindex.org)
  • Here, we identify the highly conserved protein phosphatase 4 (PP4) complex as a bona fide negative regulator of the IMD pathway. (cnrs.fr)
  • We detected protein levels of Rab3D in nine cancer cell lines and twelve types of clinical cancer specimens. (oncotarget.com)
  • T6BP and NDP52 are myosin VI binding partners with potential roles in cytokine signalling and cell adhesion. (ox.ac.uk)
  • The proteins then fold under oxidizing conditions and are displayed on the cell surface or packaged into phage particles to screen for binding affinity 17,18 . (jove.com)
  • J Cell Signal 2021;2(1):27-46. (scientificarchives.com)
  • New antitumor strategies using drugs targeted to intracellular signaling involved in cell proliferation and survival, angiogenesis, and metastasis have become promising in recent years. (researchgate.net)
  • Coordinated localisation of mucins and trefoil peptides in the ulcer associated cell lineage and the gastrointestinal mucosa. (embl.de)
  • The ulcer associated cell lineage (UACL) occurs at sites of chronic ulceration in Crohn's disease, expresses all three trefoil peptides, and is implicated in mucosal restitution. (embl.de)
  • Distinct pathways of cell migration and antiapoptotic response to epithelial injury: structure-function analysis of human intestinal trefoil factor. (embl.de)
  • For example, we can 'tag' signaling proteins with green fluorescent protein (GFP) and then follow their movements in the cell during hormonal stimulation in real time. (rochester.edu)
  • Lyn is not required to initiate B cell antigen receptor (BCR) signaling but is an essential inhibitory component. (ox.ac.uk)
  • solid course="kwd-title" Keywords: kinome, PrP, cell signaling, peptide array, transmissible spongiform encephalopathy Launch Transmissible spongiform encephalopathies (TSEs) consist of Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease in human beings, bovine spongiform encephalopathy in cattle, scrapie in chronic and sheep squandering disease in deer and elk. (fabretp.org)
  • Cell-penetrating peptides (CPPs), such as TAT, can mediate the entry of biological macromolecules into cells, and have the advantages of high biocompatibility, simple operation, and low toxicity and side effects, and are currently a research hotspot in the field of protein delivery. (jnbiotech.cn)
  • The Notch signaling pathway is an evolutionary conserved signal transduction cascade present in almost all tissues and is required for embryonic and postnatal development, as well as for stem cell maintenance, but it is also implicated in tumorigenesis including pancreatic cancer and leukemia. (uni-ulm.de)
  • Pulmonary inflammation was evaluated 24 hrs following MWCNT exposure, in terms of cell and protein quantification of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF). (cdc.gov)
  • Vascular integrity was evaluated via electric cell-substrate impedance sensing (ECIS) assay, and confocal assessment of intracellular gap formation. (cdc.gov)
  • These include members of the Bcl-2 protein family, course, and extent of programmed cell death will aid man- which have both proapoptotic and antiapoptotic activity agement of patients with severe infections. (cdc.gov)
  • 2005). A major effort of our group has been to determine the cell biological mechanism(s) by which Aβ peptides initiate dysfunction of synapses in AD. (lu.se)
  • RNA interference-mediated gene silencing of , , and which encode the catalytic and regulatory subunits of the phosphatase complex, respectively, caused a marked upregulation of bacterial-induced antimicrobial peptide gene expression in both S2 cells and adult flies. (cnrs.fr)
  • The peptide is specifically recognized by anti-Neuropilin 1 (a1 CUB domain) antibody (NP2111) in ELISA, and has been shown to block the reactivity of NP2111 in Western blot and immunocytochemistry applications. (ecmbio.com)
  • All molecular weights (MW) are confirmed by comparison to Bio-Rad Rainbow Markers and to western blot mobilities of known proteins with similar MW. (ecmbio.com)
  • Neuropilin-1 synthetic peptide corresponds to amino acids within the a1 CUB domain of human neuropilin-1. (ecmbio.com)
  • This gene encodes a G-protein coupled receptor 1 family member involved in the complement system of the innate immune response. (nih.gov)
  • In contrast, nitric oxide (NO) synthesis is promoted by NK1R signaling, and DUOX2 generates ONOO-, preferentially activating ADAM10/17 metalloprotease. (scientificarchives.com)
  • Ehrlichia chaffeensis is a small, gram negative, obligately intracellular bacterium that preferentially infects mononuclear phagocytes. (frontiersin.org)
  • 2000). Following this work, we were the 1st group to report on the physical association between altered AD-linked Aβ peptides and synapses in the brain, showing that Aβ preferentially accumulates and associates with subcellular pathology within synapses in AD (Takahashi et al. (lu.se)
  • The scope of the special issue is to summarize and enlarge the knowledge in signalling processes and networks in diverse cells and tissues. (mdpi.com)
  • DAMPs, damage-associated tissues and the molecular target structures and pathways. (cdc.gov)
  • Thus, E. chaffeensis is an excellent model organism to study host-pathogen interactions and to understand the molecular pathobiology of obligately intracellular microbes. (frontiersin.org)
  • The resulting sequences were submitted to functional annotation against non-redundant NCBI database and Database of Anuran Defense Peptide. (biomedcentral.com)
  • PAR2 signaling activates ADAM10/17 by NADPH-mediated H 2 O 2 , leading to the transactivation of DUOX2/EGFR/TLR4 to synergistically upregulate IL-12p40 production after exposure to LPS. (scientificarchives.com)
  • These findings indicate that TLR3 prevents the progression of lens fibrosis by targeting the Jagged-1/Notch signaling pathway to regulate LEC proliferation, migration, invasion and TGF-β2-induced EMT. (researchsquare.com)
  • X. Trefoil peptide and EGF receptor/ligand transgenic mice. (embl.de)
  • Future applications of transgenic technology to these areas are likely to be productive in furthering our understanding of the biology of these peptides in health and disease. (embl.de)
  • We monitor intracellular calcium in the cytoplasm and the endoplasmic reticulum using several fluorescence imaging techniques. (rochester.edu)
  • The different secretory processes are controlled by corresponding Rab proteins including Rab3A/B/C/D, Rab26, Rab27A/B and Rab37. (oncotarget.com)
  • The secretory pathway translocates unfolded proteins from the reducing cytoplasm into the endoplasmic reticulum lumen in yeast or into the periplasm in bacteria. (jove.com)
  • However, dysregulations of these signalling pathways are also causes for pathophysiological processes and diseases. (mdpi.com)
  • Evidences suggest that Ca 2+ channels TRP and Orai participate in the intracellular Ca 2+ signaling involved the physiological angiogenesis processes [17]. (researchgate.net)
  • This signaling circuit is crucial in renal defenses against uropathogenic Escherichia coli [UPEC, ( 32 )] under regular diet conditions as well as in cutaneous macrophage-driven antimicrobial responses against the protozoan parasite Leishmania major under experimental HS diet ( 8 ). (frontiersin.org)
  • We evaluated the ability of different trypsin-revealed tethered ligand (TL) sequences of rat proteinase-activated receptor 2 (rPAR 2 ) and the corresponding soluble TL-derived agonist peptides to trigger agonist-biased signaling. (aspetjournals.org)
  • The data indicate that the proteolytically revealed TL sequence(s) and the mode of its presentation to the receptor (tethered versus soluble) can confer biased signaling by PAR 2 , its arrestin recruitment, and its internalization. (aspetjournals.org)
  • Regardless of these initiatives fundamental queries about the pathophysiological and physiological assignments from the proteins stay. (fabretp.org)
  • Carrier-protein conjugated synthetic peptide surrounding phospho Tyr576 of human FAK. (genetex.com)
  • Thus, PAR 2 can signal to multiple pathways that are differentially triggered by distinct proteinase-revealed TLs or by synthetic signal-selective activating peptides. (aspetjournals.org)
  • The proinflammatory effects of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) are amplified during pre-existing neutrophilic inflammation, as neutrophils augment LPS-mediated proinflammatory signaling [ 3 ]. (scientificarchives.com)
  • At the ribosome, the processed mRNA is translated to produce proteins from amino acid units. (cdc.gov)