• Here, transcriptome analysis and fatty acid profiling from developing V. galamensis seeds were integrated to uncover the critical metabolic pathways responsible for high EFA accumulation and identify the targets that could be used in assembly of EFA biosynthesis pathway in existing oilseed crops. (researchsquare.com)
  • Functional annotation resulted in the identification of almost all genes involved in diverse lipid-metabolic pathways, including the novel fatty acid desaturase/epoxygenase, diacylglycerol acyltransferase 1 and 2, and phospholipid:diacylglycerol acyltransferases. (researchsquare.com)
  • In conjunction with technological developments in computational identification of biosynthetic gene clusters, molecular biology, synthetic biology, and analytical tools, this has revealed genes for enzymes with optimal and targeted function, as well as a rich pool of uncharacterized metabolic pathways. (doe.gov)
  • A BGC is a group of genes located close together in the genome that are involved in the same metabolic pathways. (sciencedaily.com)
  • It can drive evolution of specialized metabolic pathways in the plant, leading to a vast diversity of interesting natural plant compounds. (sciencedaily.com)
  • In: International Conference on Regulation of Primary Metabolic Pathways in Plants, pp. 239 - 256. (mpg.de)
  • International Conference on Regulation of Primary Metabolic Pathways in Plants, ST HUGHS COLL, OXFORD, ENGLAND. (mpg.de)
  • Also, NADPH and NADH are central components in the cytosolic metabolic pathways, which connect the two largest biochemical processes on earth, photosynthesis and respiration in plants. (lu.se)
  • Transcriptome data were further confirmed by quantitative real-time PCR for twelve key genes in EFA biosynthesis. (researchsquare.com)
  • The loss of their entire ABA biosynthesis pathway may be a good example. (popsci.com)
  • Taking an interdisciplinary approach, Bryson identified the genomic organization of terpenoid biosynthesis, and Lanier analyzed the chemical pathways. (sciencedaily.com)
  • A better understanding of the structure and biosynthesis of fungal piments could facilitate strategies to mitigate fungal diseases of plants, animals and humans. (usda.gov)
  • 1-Deoxy-D-xylulose-5-phosphate is used as a substrate for the identification, differentiation and characterization of procaryotic 1-Deoxy-D-xylulose-5-phosphate reductoisomerase(s) (Dxr) which catalyze the first committed step of the nonmevalonate pathway (NMP) for isoprenoid biosynthesis. (sigmaaldrich.com)
  • Despite the promising activities, the pathway leading to celastrol biosynthesis, especially cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzyme(s) that occur in its downstream steps, are largely unknown. (techscience.com)
  • This genetic resource will aid in isolating the celastrol biosynthetic genes as well as engineering the celastrol biosynthesis pathway. (techscience.com)
  • The advent of synthetic biology opens an alternative avenue to produce celastrol with the prerequisite that genes coding for all the enzymes involved in celastrol biosynthesis are available. (techscience.com)
  • However, despite its biological importance, the pathway leading to celastrol biosynthesis is still poorly understood, especially the enzymes occurring on its downstream steps. (techscience.com)
  • In order to enhance berry coloration of bright-red grape cultivars, the effects of abscisic acid (ABA) treatment on the quantity and composition of anthocyanins as well as the expression of genes related to flavonoid biosynthesis in the berry were examined. (scirp.org)
  • Quantitative real-time PCR analysis revealed that ABA treatment around véraison resulted in the upregulation of genes encoding enzymes responsible for both general flavonoid and anthocyanin biosynthesis. (scirp.org)
  • Principal pathway of flavonid biosynthesis and related Myb transcription factors in grape. (scirp.org)
  • Starch biosynthesis and modification of starch structure in transgenic plants. (mpg.de)
  • Our results are of significance with regard to understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying the natural epoxy oil production in this plant and provide valuable reference for developing other oilseeds with high level of valued epoxy oil. (researchsquare.com)
  • 2003 ). In 2017, the first chromosome-scale reference genome sequence of quinoa was published, and it has provided the much-needed resource for plant biologists to design molecular breeding and crop improvement programs for quinoa (Jarvis et al. (springer.com)
  • However, current knowledge of the molecular basis of quinoa flowering is limited and the details of flowering genes and associated pathways in quinoa remain elusive (Jarvis et al. (springer.com)
  • The genome sequence of quinoa serves as an entry point for deciphering the complex molecular pathways that contribute to floral evocation. (springer.com)
  • Molecular biotechnology has made it possible to explore the potential of plants for different purposes. (frontiersin.org)
  • A complex interaction between the cleavage and polyadenylation molecular complex and cis -elements determine the polyadenylation site, which may result in the choice of non-canonical sites, resulting in alternative polyadenylation events, involved in the regulation of more than 80% of the genes expressed in plants. (frontiersin.org)
  • The new molecular adaptations Hamberger and his team have found open the door for future applications of natural plant products from the mint family. (sciencedaily.com)
  • Michael Wassenegger is associate professor in molecular biology at the University of Heidelberg, deputy director of the AlPlanta Institute for Plant Research and head of the AlPlanta Epigenetics Department. (degruyter.com)
  • We use microbial genetics, microbiome metagenomics, computational modelling and molecular plant biology to identify microbial rhizosphere competence and root microbiome traits that affect rhizosphere competence of plant probiotics and the mechanisms through which root exudates affect plant-beneficial microbe interactions. (uu.nl)
  • which is also available in published form in Molecular Plant as of 2023 here . (uu.nl)
  • Molecular characterization and gene expression of lhcb5 gene encoding CP26 in the light-harvesting complex II of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. (bio.net)
  • The McGill team made the discovery by using a variety of genomic and molecular tools to identify specific ARGONAUTE4_9 genes, and then compare the way that these genes are expressed in PHS resistant versus PHS susceptible varieties of wheat. (mcgill.ca)
  • Molecular Approaches to Understand Sink-Source Relations in Higher-Plants. (mpg.de)
  • Although dozens of grain size genes have been reported, the molecular mechanisms that control grain size remain to be fully clarified. (bvsalud.org)
  • The plant response to biotic and abiotic stress has been studied for many years, but the molecular mechanism controlling touch-signalling in plants is not well understood. (lu.se)
  • In this essay, I will cover the current understanding of how plants respond to photoperiod and the molecular mechanisms underpinning this response. (who.int)
  • Phytochromes play a key role in how plants perceive the day in the complex network of proteins and signalling channels that make up the molecular mechanisms behind photoperiodic responses in plants. (who.int)
  • Gradually, I changed methodologies, biochemical, molecular biological and physiological, and I have had the pleasure of being part of how plant respiration over time has proven to be involved in many fundamental life processes, developing a more integrated view of plant metabolism. (lu.se)
  • Major assignments (including course design, coordination and much of the teaching) include the 15 credits advanced course in Plant Biology, the 15 credits basic course in Molecular Biology, and the 15 credits advanced course in Methods in Molecular Biology. (lu.se)
  • DAMPs, damage-associated tissues and the molecular target structures and pathways. (cdc.gov)
  • Those mint enzymes, as in the American beautyberry plant, give us the ability to make plant-natural products in the lab, including -- hopefully in the future -- natural good-smelling mosquito repellents. (sciencedaily.com)
  • Chung and Felton then investigated expression of genes in the anti-herbivore pathway and the production of enzymes. (scienceblog.com)
  • The researchers wanted to identify the enzymes and corresponding genes underlying this detoxification mechanism. (mpg.de)
  • The function of these enzymes was characterised in single and double mutant maize plants. (researchgate.net)
  • On the other hand, the gene expressions of enzymes involved in proanthocyanidin synthesis were drastically decreased at véraison and remained extremely low even with ABA treatment. (scirp.org)
  • one includes structural genes encoding enzymes that directly participate in the formation of anthocyanins and other flavonoids, and the other comprises regulatory genes controlling the transcription of structural genes. (scirp.org)
  • Since 2016, Hamberger has been studying specialized metabolites in plants called terpenoids, which are essential in protecting plants from predators and pathogens and are also common ingredients in green and sustainable agrochemicals, antioxidants, cosmetics and fragrances. (sciencedaily.com)
  • Plant defenses against pathogens follow a salicylic acid mediated pathway. (scienceblog.com)
  • Cabbage plants defend themselves against herbivores and pathogens by deploying a defensive mechanism called the mustard oil bomb: when the plant tissue is damaged, toxic isothiocyanates are formed and can effectively fend off attackers. (mpg.de)
  • We wanted to find out how successful plant pathogens overcome the plant defense and colonize these plants. (mpg.de)
  • We therefore asked ourselves whether widespread fungal pathogens have strategies to adapt to the chemical defenses of plants of the cabbage family,' Jingyuan Chen, the first author of the study, explains. (mpg.de)
  • Recently, they found that mutations in various immune system pathways tend to make children susceptible to specific pathogens. (rockefeller.edu)
  • This raises the exciting possibility that animals and microbes coevolved just as plants and pathogens did. (rockefeller.edu)
  • On the other hand, the plants can become more resistant to insect pests and pathogens. (lu.se)
  • However, the components and mechanism(s) that determine whether a plant miRNA ultimately regulates its targets by guiding cleavage or translational inhibition are unknown 6 . (nature.com)
  • Although in the past scientists have identified it as the pathway that regulates the way a variety of genes are expressed, until now no one had made the link with PHS. (mcgill.ca)
  • ACC deaminase-containing PGPR can reduce the deleterious effects of environmental stress and can enhance stress tolerance of plants by a variety of mechanisms such as the synthesis of phytohormones, mineral solubilization, nutrient uptake, increased leaf area, increased chlorophyll and soluble protein content, and antioxidant enzyme activities [ 20 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • In contrast, the selection of regulatory mechanisms is independent of the degree of mismatch between a plant miRNA and its target transcript 5 . (nature.com)
  • Chaves MM, Flexas J, Pinheiro C (2009) Photosynthesis under drought and salt stress: regulation mechanisms from whole plant to cell. (springer.com)
  • Fang Y, Xiong L (2015) General mechanisms of drought response and their application in drought resistance improvement in plants. (springer.com)
  • They are feedback mechanisms that allow plants to respond to environmental and chemical changes. (hightimes.com)
  • This review summarizes and analyzes the current knowledge on the chemical constituents, pharmacological activities, mechanisms of action and clinical applications of the PV plant including its potential as a future medicinal plant. (researchgate.net)
  • Although some of the chemical constituents of the PV plant and their mechanisms of action have been investigated, the biological activities of many of these remain unknown and further clinical trials are required to further enhance its reputation as a medicinal plant. (researchgate.net)
  • However, the pathogen uses at least two different detoxification mechanisms that enable the fungus to successfully spread on plants defended in this way. (mpg.de)
  • Plants exhibit a bewildering array of breeding systems, reflected by variation in gender, floral form and display, mechanisms of pollen transfer, and pathways of fertilization and seed maturation. (uoguelph.ca)
  • It also provides a useful focal point for studying the mechanisms of microevolution such as gene flow, genetic drift, and selection. (uoguelph.ca)
  • Our research has a focus on the mechanisms determining plant traits with agricultural, environmental, nutritional and health benefits. (auckland.ac.nz)
  • On the other hand, a class of photoreceptors known as phytochromes is involved in the biochemical mechanisms driving photoperiodic responses in plants. (who.int)
  • Here, we use a computational approach to perform genome-wide identification and analysis of 611 orthologues of the Arabidopsis thaliana flowering genes. (springer.com)
  • Our analysis indicated that on average each Arabidopsis flowering gene has two orthologous copies in quinoa. (springer.com)
  • Dou H, Xv K, Meng Q, Li G, Yang X (2015) Potato plants ectopically expressing Arabidopsis thaliana CBF3 exhibit enhanced tolerance to high-temperature stress. (springer.com)
  • We use microbial synthetic communities built from different environments and host plants to identify the genetic traits underlying host specificity in Arabidopsis, Barley and Lotus. (uu.nl)
  • Infection of an Arabidopsis thaliana plant by the fungus Sclerotinia sclerotiorum . (mpg.de)
  • This fungus, which causes white mold disease, can colonize Arabidopsis in spite of the chemical defenses present using two detoxification pathways to deactivate the plant toxins. (mpg.de)
  • Biochemical and genetic approaches have provided a detailed view of the biosynthetic and signal transduction pathways of this hormone in the reference plant Arabidopsis thaliana. (nih.gov)
  • Alterations in DNA methylation, lncRNAs and multiple genes may be involved in the regulation of FTLs . (nature.com)
  • DRB2 has been remarkably conserved throughout plant evolution, raising the possibility that translational repression is the ancient form of miRNA-directed gene regulation in plants, and that Dicer partnering proteins, such as human TRBP, might play a similar role in other eukaryotic systems. (nature.com)
  • The microarray analysis of drb2 also revealed a large set of gene transcripts that were significantly different from wild-type levels, but which are not thought to be the primary targets of miRNA-directed regulation ( Supplementary Fig. 3 ). (nature.com)
  • They found that both Balanophora and Sapria have even lost almost all of the genes associated with photosynthesis and other key biological processes, including nitrogen absorption, root development, and the regulation of flower development. (popsci.com)
  • Our focus is on flowering time regulation, nitrogen regulation of plant growth and development, symbiotic nitrogen fixation, fruit development, ripening and colour, and resistance to disease. (auckland.ac.nz)
  • We uncovered determinants of dynamic TF binding and defined a hierarchy among TFs to explain differential gene expression and pathway feedback regulation. (nih.gov)
  • It soon became clear that the lysine-glutamate pathway is a master of self-regulation, constituting one of the most highly regulated plant biochemical pathways known,' says Galili. (weizmann.ac.il)
  • Genetic engineering is an attractive approach that can generate plants resistant to salt stress [ 18 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • But this genetic diversity has never before been shown to include the loss of genes involved in the mitochondria's primary genetic function of respiration. (sciencedaily.com)
  • The study found that Sapria has lost 38 percent of its genomes and Balanophora has lost 28 percent of their genomes over time, while evolving their parasitic behaviors, which the authors say is a record genetic shrinking for flowering plants. (popsci.com)
  • It points to a very strong convergence in the genetic evolution of holoparasitic lineages, despite their outwardly distinct life histories and appearances, and despite their having evolved from different groups of photosynthetic plants. (popsci.com)
  • By studying the immune systems of these children, Casanova will work to identify genetic lesions that confer this vulnerability and to prove that, as a rule, life-threatening infectious diseases in children are caused by mutations in a single gene. (rockefeller.edu)
  • For my Ph.D., I shifted my focus to the genetic and evolutionary aspects of small populations in a project on genetic drift and mating system variation in a South American aquatic plant. (uoguelph.ca)
  • To understand these relationships we focus mainly on plant genetic systems, those reproductive attributes that govern mutation, gamete formation, pollination, fertilization, and organization of genetic diversity in populations. (uoguelph.ca)
  • The importance of genetic diversity (mutation, gene flow, drift, heritability) to adaptive evolution is widely recognized, but it is less clear whether and how it affects ecological function and viability of populations. (uoguelph.ca)
  • The approaches we use are multidisciplinary, ranging from physiology to mutant analysis to gene cloning and plant genetic engineering. (auckland.ac.nz)
  • In fact, in April 2000 a team led by Michael Geraghty at the Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine discovered that this gene is mutated in patients with hyperlisinemia, a genetic disorder resulting in mental retardation and other symptoms. (weizmann.ac.il)
  • These findings provide new insight into the genetic regulatory network of the G protein signaling pathway in the control of grain size and provide a potential target for high-yield rice breeding . (bvsalud.org)
  • We will use genetic tools to knock out genes and study the response of these mutants to touch stimulation in comparison to WT with regards to gene expression, phosphorylation cascades and alteration in growth and development. (lu.se)
  • The ethylene level of plants were increased and the GA 3 level were decreased during first 24 hours after flowering forcing using ethephon, coupling with the upregulation of GA2ox1 and PI 17 . (nature.com)
  • Increased antioxidant enzyme activities (SOD, APX, and CAT) and upregulation of ROS pathway genes (CAT, APX, GR, and DHAR) were observed in PGPR inoculated okra plants under salinity stress. (hindawi.com)
  • The upregulation of genes involved with metal transport, ATPase efflux pumps and multiple antibiotic resistance was revealed using gene microarrays. (cdc.gov)
  • The integration of DAP-Seq and reciprocal GCNs offers a rapid framework for gene function characterization using genome-wide approaches in the context of non-model plant species and stands up as a valid first approach for identifying gene regulatory networks of specialized metabolism. (nih.gov)
  • Transcript profiles involved in the starch and sugar metabolism pathways were also affected under both stress conditions. (frontiersin.org)
  • Engineering carbohydrate metabolism in transgenic plants. (mpg.de)
  • Conservation of the genes belonging to the photoperiod, gibberellin and autonomous pathways was observed, while orthologues of the key genes found in the vernalisation pathway (FRI, FLC) were absent from the quinoa genome. (springer.com)
  • The IU scientists discovered the unprecedented lack of Complex I in a multicellular organism during a larger project to expand the number of parasitic plants that have undergone mitochondrial genome sequencing. (sciencedaily.com)
  • Non-random gene organization in eukaryotes plays a significant role in genome evolution. (cas.cz)
  • We show that the cluster has formed de novo since the divergence of oats in a subtelomeric region of the genome that lacks homology with other grasses, and that gene order is approximately colinear with the biosynthetic pathway. (cas.cz)
  • Genome Insider: A Shrubbier Version of Rubber Hear from the consortium working on understanding the guayule plant's genome, which could lead to an improved natural rubber plant. (doe.gov)
  • We are learning that the physical location of genes within the genome is important," Bryson said. (sciencedaily.com)
  • Genome duplication above the diploid state (a.k.a. polyploidy) is widespread among plants and animals and is particularly common in flowering plants and ferns. (uoguelph.ca)
  • I am interested in evolutionary history and population genetics of plants and animals, especially in the reorganization of genome elements in accompany with species divergence. (helsinki.fi)
  • Currently I am employing genomic approaches on a polyploid plant species Phragmites australias as a model, to study the role of whole genome duplication and interspecific hybridization play in the intraspecific divergence of this widespread weed. (helsinki.fi)
  • By comparing the genome structure of different populations, we would be able to infer how modern genomes were formed after multiple whole genome duplication and diploidization events, and to understand whether reorganization of genomic structure helps plants with developing local adaptation and invasiveness to the changing environment. (helsinki.fi)
  • In addition, I am looking into the genome annotation and comparative genomics of Tembusu to identify genes selected when adapting to nutrient poor soils. (helsinki.fi)
  • These genes which are identified could then be used in genome editing in other tree species for reforestation projects. (helsinki.fi)
  • A common mechanism for plant hormone action is the breakdown or activation of DNA transcription proteins. (hightimes.com)
  • These proteins work as activators or repressors of growth-stimulating genes. (hightimes.com)
  • In response to the signal transduction pathway (initiated by the presence of plant hormones or PGRs), repressor proteins for example are then broken down and the "stop breaks" are removed. (hightimes.com)
  • ... [Show full abstract] absence of amino acids, proteins and acidic compounds.Total phenol and flavonoid content were evaluated for all the extracts of both plants. (researchgate.net)
  • His fields of research comprise RNA-mediated gene silencing processes with a focus on epigenetic phenomena, including studies on RNA-directed DNA methylation, the characterization of virus silencing suppressor proteins, the development of plant bioreactor platforms and viroid research. (degruyter.com)
  • We based our search on the known bacterial SaxA proteins to select candidate genes for further investigations. (mpg.de)
  • Sitosterolemia has been shown to result from mutations in either of the genes for 2 proteins ( ABCG5 or ABCG8 ). (medscape.com)
  • A geneticist in the Weizmann Institute's Department of Plant Sciences, Galili focuses on the biochemical machinery that churns out lysine - an amino acid charged with overseeing plant growth and development that is also an essential amino acid in humans, where it serves as a building block of proteins and is vital for proper growth and bone development. (weizmann.ac.il)
  • GRAS proteins are an important family of transcriptional regulators in plants, named after the first three members: GIBBERELLIC ACID-INSENSITIVE, REPRESSOR of GAI, and SCARECROW. (uni-koeln.de)
  • In addition to these essential elements, several proteins and signalling pathways are also involved in photoperiodic responses in plants. (who.int)
  • The genes that have been lost from V. scurruloideum typically reside in the mitochondrial genomes of plants and animals. (sciencedaily.com)
  • Biologists regard the mitochondrial genomes, or mitogenomes, of flowering plants as "extreme and often perplexing" in their wide range of sizes, structures and mutation rates, Palmer said. (sciencedaily.com)
  • Previous analyses of the mitochondrial genomes of parasitic plants were limited to Rafflesiaceae, a small family of parasites famous for possessing the largest flowers in the world. (sciencedaily.com)
  • To expand knowledge about parasitic plants, the IU team chose to sequence the mitochondrial genomes of Santalales, more commonly referred to as mistletoes, which are the largest order of parasitic plants in the world with over 2,000 species. (sciencedaily.com)
  • Some parasitic plants are now potentially evolving to be so dependent on their host plants, that they are losing sizable amounts of genomes related to basic biological processes like photosynthesis. (popsci.com)
  • To learn more about how these subtropical extreme parasitic plants evolved into this unique form, a team from the Beijing Genomics Institute (BGI) and the University of British Columbia compared Balanophora's genomes with another parasitic plant genus called Sapria that has a very different vegetative body. (popsci.com)
  • The team says that this study deepens the major genomic alterations occurring within parasitic plants and is important in the context of a project working to sequence the genomes of 10,000 plant species called 10KP . (popsci.com)
  • Tracing the Evolution of Shiitake Mushrooms Understanding Lentinula genomes and their evolution could provide strategies for converting plant waste into sugars for biofuel production. (doe.gov)
  • Information in public sequence databases on the genomes and metagenomes of microbes and plants has grown rapidly. (doe.gov)
  • Hamberger worked with Robin Buell, a former MSU genomics researcher now at the University of Georgia, who sequenced several mint plant genomes. (sciencedaily.com)
  • As a postdoc at the VIB Plant Systems Biology department, I studied the genomes of plant pathogenic fungi. (uu.nl)
  • Over time, the biological scope of the research has widened from studying a single clone (Col-0) to looking at (gut) ecosystem and finally at NTU to the analysis of all plant genomes and (some) populations in an entire patch of rainforest. (helsinki.fi)
  • I am interested in the evolutionary biology and especially how genes and genomes evolve. (helsinki.fi)
  • The color of grape berry is determined by the quantity and composition of anthocyanins [1] - [3] , which belong to the class of flavonoid molecules that are synthesized via the phenylpropanoid pathway ( Figure 1 ). (scirp.org)
  • In: Australian Journal of Plant Physiology, pp. 827 - 833. (mpg.de)
  • Australian Journal of Plant Physiology. (mpg.de)
  • Plant Physiology, Taiz et al. (lu.se)
  • The dose-dependent induction of FLOWERING LOCUS T-like genes ( FTLs ) may have contributed to dose-dependent flowering induction in pineapple by ethylene. (nature.com)
  • Four ethylene receptors genes ( AcERS1b , AcERS1b , AcETR2a , and AcETR2b ) have been cloned, and expression analysis showed that AcERS1b , AcETR2a , and AcETR2b play key roles in pineapple flowering 13 . (nature.com)
  • We looked at the gene expression profile of approximately 6000 genes in nematode (SCN), salicylic acid (SA), jasmonic acid (MeJA) and ethylene (E) treated SCN-resistant soybean plants. (usda.gov)
  • These genes comprise 289 Transcription Factors (TFs) representing Basic Helix-loop Helix (bHLH), Ethylene Response Factors (ERFs), myeloblastosis (MYB), No apical meristem (NAC), and WRKY amino acid motif (WRKY) type major families known to be involved in the mechanism of stress tolerance. (frontiersin.org)
  • Ethylene is a plant hormone involved in a large number of developmental processes. (nih.gov)
  • Once the ethylene signal reaches the nucleus, it activates a transcriptional cascade that results in changes in the expression of a number of genes. (nih.gov)
  • Notably, the genes related to the synthesis of a major hormone responsible for plant stress responses and signaling called abscisic acid (ABA) have also been lost in Balanophora and Sapria . (popsci.com)
  • The expression of photosynthesis and chlorophyll synthesis related genes were significantly reduced under both types of stresses, which limit the metabolic processes and thus help prolong survival under extreme conditions. (frontiersin.org)
  • However, cell wall synthesis related genes were up-regulated under drought stress and down-regulated under flooding stress. (frontiersin.org)
  • Plants are extremely sensitive to changes in their environment, particularly variations in photoperiod or day length. (who.int)
  • Through a process known as photoperiodism, plants can detect and react to variations in the number of daylight hours, or photoperiod. (who.int)
  • Many genes and biochemical processes control how a plant responds to the photoperiod. (who.int)
  • Moving on, I started my group on (plant) genomics in 2014, and currently I have two groups, one in Helsinki from my Academy Research Fellow position, and a second one in Nanyang Technological University (NTU) Singapore where I am an Assistant Professor. (helsinki.fi)
  • This study has revealed the involvement of TFs, transporters, and photosynthetic genes, and has also given a glimpse of hormonal cross talk under the extreme water regimes, which will aid as an important resource for soybean crop improvement. (frontiersin.org)
  • is a grain crop grown in the Andes renowned as a highly nutritious plant exhibiting tolerance to abiotic stress such as drought, cold and high salinity. (springer.com)
  • Streamlining Regulon Identification in Bacteria Regulons are a group of genes that can be turned on or off by the same regulatory protein. (doe.gov)
  • By comparison, we found that various genes associated with acyl editing, fatty acid β-oxidation, triacylglycerol assembly and oil-body formation had greater expression levels at middle developmental stage (38 DAP), which are consistent with the fast accumulation of EFA in V. galamensis developing seed, implying their fundamental roles in EFA production. (researchsquare.com)
  • DAP-Seq of MYB14/MYB15 was combined with aggregate gene co-expression networks (GCNs) built from more than 1400 transcriptomic datasets from leaves, fruits, and flowers to narrow down bound genes to a set of high confidence targets. (nih.gov)
  • We elucidate the structure and organisation of this 12-gene cluster, characterise the last two missing pathway steps, and reconstitute the entire pathway in tobacco by transient expression. (cas.cz)
  • Figure 1: Expression patterns of DRB1 and DRB2 in wild-type plants, and miRNA target expression in drb1 and drb2 . (nature.com)
  • The expression of a few genes of these different defense pathways was also determined by qRT-PCR and Northern hybridization to validate the expression results observed from microarray analysis. (usda.gov)
  • The 3' regulatory regions have a great diversity of cis -regulatory elements directly involved in polyadenylation, stability, transport and mRNA translation, essential to achieve the desired levels of gene expression. (frontiersin.org)
  • Although a small number of 3' regulatory regions have been identified and validated so far, many studies have shown that plant 3' regulatory regions have a higher potential to regulate gene expression in plants compared to widely used 3' regulatory regions, such as NOS and OCS from Agrobacterium tumefaciens and 35S from cauliflower mosaic virus. (frontiersin.org)
  • In this review, we discuss the role of 3' regulatory regions in gene expression, and the superior potential that plant 3' regulatory regions have compared to NOS, OCS and 35S 3' regulatory regions. (frontiersin.org)
  • The genes Cs RafS1 and CsGolS1 showed similar or greater expression in one of the transgenic lines with respect to control plants. (springer.com)
  • Together, these results suggest the potential for heterologous expression of the AtCBF3 gene to mediate tolerance to hydric and saline stress in citrus plants. (springer.com)
  • Differential gene expression analysis identified a number of root-specific CYP genes. (techscience.com)
  • We used root cell-type specific gene expression analysis following beneficial bacterium application to uncover a role for root hairs and the endodermis in establishing an optimal plant-beneficial bacterium association. (uu.nl)
  • therefore, it is imperative to assess the expression of genes involved in response to flood and drought stress. (frontiersin.org)
  • The changes in expression of genes involved in regulating the flux of cell wall precursors and starch/sugar content can serve as an adaptive mechanism for soybean survival under stress conditions. (frontiersin.org)
  • Here, we show that among 45 transcription factors up-regulated in mycorrhizal roots of the legume Lotus japonicus, expression of a unique GRAS protein particularly increases in arbuscule-containing cells under low phosphate conditions and displays a phylogenetic pattern characteristic of symbiotic genes. (uni-koeln.de)
  • Tuber-specific gene expression in transgenic potato plants. (mpg.de)
  • The development of gene transfer and expression systems for potato. (mpg.de)
  • Our results revealed that GR5 interacts with Gγ subunits and cooperatively determines grain size by regulating the expression of downstream target genes . (bvsalud.org)
  • Exposure to light in SDPs causes the expression of the CONSTANS (CO) gene, and the CO protein causes the expression of the FLOWERING LOCUS T (FT), a gene that encourages flowering. (who.int)
  • Increased antioxidant gene expression, including superoxide dismutase, glutaredoxin and thioredoxin was also noted, indicating that oxidative stress may be driving the antimicrobial activity of zeolite silver nanoparticle supports. (cdc.gov)
  • Enhanced IL-6 and IL-12B Gene Expression After SARS-CoV-2 Infection in Leprosy Patients May Increase the Risk of Neural Damage. (cdc.gov)
  • COVID-19: disease pathways and gene expression changes predict methylprednisolone can improve outcome in severe cases. (cdc.gov)
  • The treatment of SARS-CoV2 with antivirals and mitigation of the cytokine storm syndrome: the role of gene expression. (cdc.gov)
  • Single nucleotide polymorphism in sugar pathway and disease resistance genes in sugarcane. (ncbs.res.in)
  • In tomato, resistance towards race 1 isolates of V. dahliae is governed by Ve1 , and we undertook an innovative next-generation sequencing approach to identify the corresponding avirulence gene. (uu.nl)
  • The aim of this study was to characterise the impact of a resistance gene against L. maculans infection on residue microbial communities and to identify micro-organisms interacting with this pathogen during residue degradation. (biorxiv.org)
  • Fungal community structure differed between the two lines at harvest, but not subsequently, suggesting that the presence/absence of the resistance gene influences the microbiome at the base of the stem whilst the plant is alive, but that this does not necessarily lead to differential colonisation of the residues by fungi. (biorxiv.org)
  • Evidence for wastewaters as environments where mobile antibiotic resistance genes emerge. (janusinfo.se)
  • Since then, he has been working as a postodoc in Dr. Wassenegger's lab (RLP AgroScience GmbH, AlPlanta) and his main field of interest is RNA-interference (RNAi) and RNA-directed DNA methylation (RdDM) in plants. (degruyter.com)
  • At least in plants, DNA regions that become de novo methylated can be defined by homologous RNA molecules in a process termed RNA-directed DNA methylation (RdDM). (degruyter.com)
  • This switch is to be found in a key gene, ARGONAUTE4_9, in the "RNA dependent DNA Methylation" pathway (RdDM). (mcgill.ca)
  • Here, we investigate the origin of a biosynthetic gene cluster for production of defence compounds in oat-the avenacin cluster. (cas.cz)
  • It has a large biosynthetic gene cluster. (sciencedaily.com)
  • Initial maximum likelihood phylogenetic analysis of the HA gene was conducted as described ( 5 ) and the evolutionary analyses performed by using MEGA6 ( 8 ). (cdc.gov)
  • Among thousands of antimicrobial peptides, we found that the most studied membrane-attacking type is beeing actively counteracted by plant cells. (lu.se)
  • Even with the loss, the team still recorded a build up of the ABA hormone in Balanophora's flowering stems and saw that genes involved in the response to ABA signaling are still retained in the parasites. (popsci.com)
  • Cell signaling in plant development usually involves a receptor (i.e. for a hormone or light molecule) and a signal transduction pathway, which concludes with a cellular response that is relevant to the plants development. (hightimes.com)
  • Abscisic acid (ABA) is an essential hormone that allows plants to respond to environmental stresses such as high salinity, drought and cold. (nih.gov)
  • We also identified 459 quinoa-specific genes uniquely expressed in the flower and/or meristem, with no known orthologues in other species. (springer.com)
  • The genes identified provide a resource and framework for further studies of flowering in quinoa and related species. (springer.com)
  • Plants are variable in leaf and flower shape, and have been separated as a different subspecies due to these variable shapes, indicating a highly variable species. (wikipedia.org)
  • A discovery made during an analysis of a species of mistletoe whose apparent ability to survive without key genes involved in energy production could make it one of the most unusual plants on Earth. (sciencedaily.com)
  • The discovery was made during an analysis of the parasitic plant Viscum scurruloideum, a species of mistletoe whose apparent ability to survive and thrive without several genes involved in the primary energy-producing pathway of oxygen-respiring organisms could make it one of the most unusual plants on Earth. (sciencedaily.com)
  • Over 300 other flowering plants have previously been examined, and Complex I is present in every single species. (sciencedaily.com)
  • Although in rare cases mitochondrial genes may be transferred to the nucleus of a cell, she said the IU team found no evidence to suggest this is the case in V. scurruloideum , and that further investigation will be required to reveal the exact mechanism through which the species compensates for its missing genes. (sciencedaily.com)
  • Parasitic plants make up about 1 percent of flowering species within the plant kingdom and their quirks and tricks continue to come with surprises. (popsci.com)
  • Furthermore, all transgenic lines exhibited significantly less accumulation of reactive oxygen species than WT plants. (springer.com)
  • Currently, the common way to prepare celastrol is direct extraction of wild plant resources, which has endangered the continuation of the wild plant species and has brought adverse effects on the environment. (techscience.com)
  • However, the occurrence of polpunonic acid (friedelin 29-carboxylic acid) in several plant species of Celastraceae (e.g. (techscience.com)
  • Sclerotinia sclerotiorum is a devastating fungal pathogen that can infect more than 400 different plant species. (mpg.de)
  • As no functional data are available in regards to this enzyme in monocotyledonous species, we generated C3H1 knock-down maize plants. (researchgate.net)
  • There is still much to learn about the diversity and complexity of the photoperiodic response across several plant groupings, even if much is known about it in particular species. (who.int)
  • a grain crop grown in the Andes, is receiving worldwide attention as a highly nutritious plant with gluten free and low-glycaemic index seeds (Bazile et al. (springer.com)
  • Bloodroot is one of many plants whose seeds are spread by ants, a process called myrmecochory. (wikipedia.org)
  • AtNHX1 overexpressing transgenic Brassica napus plants were found to grow, flower, and produce seeds under 200 mM salt stress [ 19 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • Scientists at the Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology in Jena have long been studying the glucosinolates and isothiocyanates that constitute the special defense mechanism of cabbage family plants, which include rapeseed, radishes and mustard. (mpg.de)
  • The stilbenoid pathway is responsible for the production of resveratrol in grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.). A few transcription factors (TFs) have been identified as regulators of this pathway but the extent of this control has not been deeply studied. (nih.gov)
  • We obtained 5190 and 4443 binding events assigned to 4041 and 3626 genes for MYB14 and MYB15, respectively (approximately 40% of peaks located within −10 kb of transcription start sites). (nih.gov)
  • It seemed possible that these genes are regulated by transcription factors that are themselves regulated by miRNAs, and at a translational level by a process involving DRB2. (nature.com)
  • RIViT-seq technology could speed up associating transcription factors with their target genes. (doe.gov)
  • When a repressor is present, it stops the formation of growth-stimulating genes, in parallel activators start the transcription of growth-stimulating genes. (hightimes.com)
  • Thirty-seven of 120 individual swab samples and 5 of 12 tissue pools ( Technical Appendix ) were confirmed positive for avian influenza virus by identification of the matrix (M) gene and H5 real-time reverse transcription PCR (rRT-PCR) as described ( 5 ). (cdc.gov)
  • They also used mutants of the fungus in which the SaxA-encoding gene had been knocked out for comparison. (mpg.de)
  • Mutants lacking the gene for this detoxification pathway were dramatically reduced in their capacity to tolerate isothiocyanates. (mpg.de)
  • However, it was surprising to see that these mutants up-regulated their general pathway of detoxification, although this did not compensate for the mutation,' says Jingyuan Chen. (mpg.de)
  • Some symbiotic bacteria living inside Colorado potato beetles can trick plants into reacting to a microbial attack rather than that of a chewing herbivore, according to a team of Penn State researchers who found that the beetles with bacteria were healthier and grew better. (scienceblog.com)
  • It examines organization of genes involved in pigment production, their biosynthetic pathways and their biological functions. (usda.gov)
  • It examines organization of genes involved in pigment production, biosynthetic pathways, biological functions and reevaluates some of the current dogma, especially with respect to the DHN-melanin pathway, on the production of these enigmatic polymers. (usda.gov)
  • adapting the crop plants for taking best use of biological pest management approaches. (lu.se)
  • In collaboration with Melvin Bolton (USDA, Fargo) we used bioinformatics to infer the evolutionary history of toxin biosynthetic gene clusters in the sugarbeet pathogen Cercospora beticola . (uu.nl)
  • Certain human genes exert an almost pathogen-specific effect in protective immunity," says Casanova. (rockefeller.edu)
  • Related compounds in the plant are berberine and protopine, among other minor alkaloids. (wikipedia.org)
  • Phenolic compounds are an important class of plant secondary metabolites which play crucial physiological roles throughout the plant life cycle. (mdpi.com)
  • To test if turning on these pathways was providing any protection against the invading nematode, we induced the SA and JA- pathways by treating the plants with these chemical compounds in an SCN-susceptible soybean cultivar before challenging it with the nematodes. (usda.gov)
  • Screening test of crude extracts and pure compounds from this plant for antioxidant activity using DPPH indicated their activity to be comparable with vitamin E. การศึกษาทางพฤ (researchgate.net)
  • Greater than 80 compounds were observed for the first time in this plant. (researchgate.net)
  • Hoping to boost plant lysine levels, Galili's team began by piecing together the players along this biochemical pathway, asking which compounds are involved and how they interact. (weizmann.ac.il)
  • 2016 ). Whether quinoa is a short-day or day-neutral plant is still under debate (Curti et al. (springer.com)
  • Dodd I, Ryan A (2016) Whole-Plant Physiological Responses to Water-Deficit Stress. (springer.com)
  • Eukaryotes have a mechanism termed alternative polyadenylation (APA), which allows the selective use of PAS in genes containing multiple PAS. (frontiersin.org)
  • The mechanism that overcomes drought stress in plants is facilitated by drought avoidance, drought tolerance, drought escape, and drought recovery ( Cruz De Carvalho, 2008 ). (frontiersin.org)
  • PGPR inoculated okra plants exhibited higher germination percentage, growth parameters, and chlorophyll content than control plants. (hindawi.com)
  • Moreover, transgenic lines were more tolerant to saline stress and presented a greener phenotype with increased chlorophyll content in leaf discs compared to WT plants. (springer.com)
  • In: Plant Biotechnology and in Vitro Biology in the 21st Century, pp. 579 - 582. (mpg.de)
  • The transient assay of selected genes resulted in a synergistic increase of EFA-enriched TAG accumulation in tobacco leaves. (researchsquare.com)
  • A high proportion of DAP-Seq bound genes were induced in the activated transcriptomes of transient MYB15-overexpressing grapevine leaves, validating our methodological approach for delimiting TF targets. (nih.gov)
  • By extrapolating regulatory characteristics observed for the canonical ABA pathway components, we identified a new family of transcriptional regulators modulating ABA and salt responsiveness, and demonstrate their utility to modulate plant resilience to osmotic stress. (nih.gov)
  • Two parasitic plants in a new study are losing genes related to photosynthesis and other plant functions as they continue their food-sucking habits. (popsci.com)
  • Since these parasitic plants don't necessarily need to rely on sunlight and water to make food through photosynthesis and instead use the resources of their host plants, they appear to be losing those genes. (popsci.com)
  • During a 15-day treatment of water deficit by cessation of irrigation, the transgenic lines LM2 and LM14 showed lower stomatal conductance and transpiration paired with lower photosynthesis, whereas transgenic line LM7 maintained its photosynthesis, declining stomatal conductance, and transpiration compared to WT plants, which is manifested into more efficient water use. (springer.com)
  • RdDM was first discovered in viroid-infected plants. (degruyter.com)
  • Our results suggest that stimulation of these pathways prior to infection by nematodes causes a reduction in the infection. (usda.gov)
  • It is possible that this general pathway protects the fungus initially, while the machinery required for the more specialized pathway is assembled after an initial exposure to the toxin and can take over later in the infection,' says Daniel Vassão. (mpg.de)
  • In the case of herpes simplex encephalitis, Casanova has already identified two genes that can predispose children to the infection. (rockefeller.edu)
  • It will serve as valuable resource for plant biologists, crop physiologists and breeders to facilitate further research and establishment of modern breeding programs for quinoa. (springer.com)
  • Its prevalence in plants (and absence in many animals) has long puzzled biologists and recent mathematical models still argue that polyploidy should rarely evolve in sexual organisms with non-overlapping generations. (uoguelph.ca)
  • Here we show that the form of regulatory action directed by a plant miRNA is determined by DRB2, a DICER-LIKE1 (DCL1) partnering protein. (nature.com)
  • Zeroing in on this catabolic track, Galili has isolated a key gene, known as LKR-SDH, which is equipped with unique regulatory features that may enable lysine catabolism to flow at a slow or rapid pace according to environmental conditions. (weizmann.ac.il)
  • Together with Prof. Guido van den Ackerveken (Plant-Microbe Interactions and Translational Plant Biology) and Dr. Michael Seidl (Theoretical Biology and Bioinformatics) and spinach breeders across the Netherlands we investigate the evolution of spinach downy mildew virulence with an emphasis on effector. (uu.nl)
  • Together with PhD candidates Petros Skiadas at TBB and Melanie Mendel at Plant-Microbe Interactions and Translational Plant Biology. (uu.nl)
  • I am interested in studying plant-microbe interactions from different angels. (helsinki.fi)
  • Computational analyses successively led to the identification of the race 1-specific gene Ave1 . (uu.nl)
  • His findings led to the identification of a counterpart gene in humans that also mediates the production of glutamate (in this context a neurotransmitter playing an essential role in learning, memory, and a host of other tasks - see box). (weizmann.ac.il)
  • The discovery of similar catabolic genes in plants and in humans places us in a unique position,' says Galili. (weizmann.ac.il)
  • This explains why a recent discovery by a New York University team that plants have receptors for the glutamate neurotransmitter sent ripples of excitement through the scientific community. (weizmann.ac.il)
  • Here I studied the role and evolution of fungal effectors during plant pathogenesis under the supervision of Prof. Pierre de Wit and Dr. Bart Thomma (current chair Phytopathology Wageningen UR). (uu.nl)
  • Visible are also the white, cotton-like fungal spores that overgrow plant leaves and stalks. (mpg.de)
  • Lately, the research has been largely oriented on what functions that plants need to engage in order to be efficiently promoted by growth- and protection-promoting fungal symbionts. (lu.se)
  • Genes that enable the successful detoxification of these substances had already been described in bacteria. (mpg.de)
  • Many of these micro-organisms are considered beneficial (e.g. plant growth-promoting bacteria), whereas others are pathogenic and decrease the yield and quality of agricultural produce. (biorxiv.org)
  • Some pigments also help the fungus with respect to its ability to invade plants and animals during the disease process. (usda.gov)
  • The metabolic products thus formed are non-toxic to the fungus, allowing it to grow on these plants. (mpg.de)
  • However, they also discovered two different strategies of the white mold fungus to detoxify the defensive substances: The first is a general detoxification pathway that binds glutathione to the isothiocyanate toxins. (mpg.de)
  • This revealed that the Sax protein of the white mold fungus is active against a range of isothiocyanates, allowing it to colonize different plants of the cabbage family. (mpg.de)
  • Although it seems to be metabolically more expensive for the fungus, this general pathway is always present as it helps the fungus to detoxify a huge variety of poisons. (mpg.de)
  • After penetration, intracellular hyphae form fine-branched structures in cortical cells termed arbuscules, representing the major site where bidirectional nutrient exchange takes place between the host plant and fungus. (uni-koeln.de)
  • Together with Dr. Giannis Stringlis we study the role of plant processes in plant-beneficial root microbiome assembly. (uu.nl)
  • For instance, to optimise the response to variations in day length, the photoperiodic pathway interacts with the circadian clock, which controls numerous physiological processes in plants. (who.int)
  • One essential adaptation that enables plants to synchronize their developmental processes with seasonal changes is their capacity to react to variations in day length. (who.int)
  • As this pathway is not present in humans, it is of interest for the development of bacterium-specific drugs in the search for treatments of infectious diseases. (sigmaaldrich.com)
  • Plant sterols are not synthesized endogenously in humans, including patients with sitosterolemia, but are derived entirely from the diet. (medscape.com)
  • This loss of genes very likely corresponds to the loss of an entire respiratory complex," said Jeff Palmer, IU Distinguished Professor in the IU Bloomington College of Arts and Sciences' Department of Biology, who led the study. (sciencedaily.com)
  • Since then, she has been working as a postodoc in Dr. Wassenegger's lab (RLP AgroScience GmbH, AlPlanta) and her main field of interest is RNA-interference (RNAi) and viroid biology in plants. (degruyter.com)
  • My interest in plant population biology and evolution developed early in life through many hours of hiking and working in the Rocky Mountains of Canada. (uoguelph.ca)
  • degree in which I investigated the biology of submerged aquatic plants and focused my interests on the ecology of small, isolated plant populations. (uoguelph.ca)
  • My research interests include studies on the biology, epidemiology and management of bacterial diseases of plant especially citrus canker, blackleg of potato and bacterial blight of rice. (edu.pk)
  • Polyadenylation is essential for the stability of the transcript, preventing the mRNA from being the target of posttranscriptional gene silencing (PTGS) via RNA-dependent RNA polymerase 6 (RDR6) in plants ( Luo and Chen, 2007 ). (frontiersin.org)
  • Gas exchange and ultrastructural analysis of transgenic potato plants expressing mRNA antisense construct targeted to the cp-fructose-1,6-bisphosphate phosphatase. (mpg.de)
  • Interestingly, many genes are induced at the mRNA- and protein level within a few minutes after being touched. (lu.se)
  • Three groups of plants' photoperiodic responses can be distinguished: short-day plants (SDPs), long-day plants (LDPs), and day-neutral plants (DNPs). (who.int)
  • However, more definitive studies regarding specific pathways that are involved with nanoparticle internalization, inflammatory responses and toxicity are warranted before proper guidelines regarding nanoparticle exposure are established. (cdc.gov)
  • In this study, we characterized plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) containing 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate (ACC) deaminase and examined their effect on salinity stress tolerance in okra through the induction of ROS-scavenging enzyme activity. (hindawi.com)