AnatomyOrganismsDiseasesChemicals and DrugsAnalytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and EquipmentPhenomena and Processes
Antimycin AElectron Transport Complex IIIRotenoneElectron TransportHydroxyquinolinesCyanidesUbiquinoneMethacrylatesMitochondriaOligomycinsSuccinatesCytochromesUncoupling AgentsQuinone ReductasesCytochrome b GroupOxidation-ReductionAmobarbitalOxygen ConsumptionSuccinic AcidPotassium CyanideMitochondria, LiverRhodobacterCarbonyl Cyanide p-TrifluoromethoxyphenylhydrazoneThenoyltrifluoroacetoneCytochromes c1Carbonyl Cyanide m-Chlorophenyl HydrazoneOxidoreductasesFerricyanidesDinitrophenolsThiazolesDimercaprolSubmitochondrial ParticlesNADH DehydrogenaseReactive Oxygen SpeciesMitochondria, HeartCell RespirationOxidative PhosphorylationAdenosine TriphosphateDiuronSpectrophotometryNADAntimetabolitesCytochrome c GroupNADH, NADPH OxidoreductasesSalicylamidesKineticsHydrogen PeroxideFerrocyanidesCytochromes bMelanomaOxidative StressCell DeathAcetylcysteineApoptosis
MitochondrialInhibitorsCytochromeRespiratoryInhibitor of electron transportMetabolic pathwaysNADHRespirationGlycolytic pathwayBiosynthetic PathwayRotenoneApoptosisInhibitionReactive oxygenIntrinsicCellularGlycolysisBindsEndogenousGlutathioneSynthesisCellsCompoundsSynthesizeAbsenceDemonstrateGENEResultsReactionsProtocolsComplexAnalysisConditionsSteps
Mitochondrial11
  • While recent work has emphasized the importance of mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation, the role of the glycolytic pathway in axon morphogenesis and maintenance remains minimally understood. (jneurosci.org)
  • 2,6-Dichloro-phenol indophenol prevents switch-over of electrons between the cyanide-sensitive and -insensitive pathway of the mitochondrial electron transport chain in the presence of inhibitors. (ac.ke)
  • Polarographic data confirmed electron acceptance by DCPIP only from the inhibited (by cyanide or salicylhydroxamic acid) mitochondrial electron transport chain, hence preventing switch-over of electrons between the cyanide-sensitive and cyanide-insensitive pathway of respiration. (ac.ke)
  • Results with antimycin A and reduction status of DCPIP further confirmed electron acceptance by DCPIP from the mitochondrial electron transport chain. (ac.ke)
  • We identified one mitochondrial inhibitor, antimycin A, as a hit compound. (bvsalud.org)
  • Treatment of HeLa cells with Antimycin A results in the loss of mitochondrial membrane potential and inhibition of cell growth through apoptosis. (cellsignal.jp)
  • Mitochondrial respiratory analysis reveals that S. pombe cells expressing AOX proteins in which Glu-217 or Glu-270 were mutated, no longer exhibit antimycin-resistant oxygen uptake, indicating that these residues are essential for AOX activity. (figshare.com)
  • H2S is synthesized endogenously and mainly metabolized by a mitochondrial sulfide-oxidizing pathway including sulfide:quinone oxidoreductase (SQR), whereby H2S-derived electrons are injected into the respiratory chain stimulating O2 consumption and ATP synthesis. (univaq.it)
  • Antimycin A and FCCP cause mitochondrial depolarization. (elifesciences.org)
  • Wild-type cells were treated with Antimycin A ( A ) or FCCP ( B ) for 4 hr, stained with the mitochondrial membrane potential fluorescent dye DiOC 6 , and analyzed by flow cytometry. (elifesciences.org)
  • In BV2 cells, the APN receptor agonist AdipoRon alleviated the mitochondrial deficits and aging markers induced by rotenone or antimycin A. HDAC1 antagonism by Compound 60 (Cpd 60) improved mitochondrial dysfunction and age-related inflammation, as validated in D-galactose-treated APN KO mice. (biomedcentral.com)
Inhibitors3
  • Preparations of rat-liver mitochondria catalyze the oxidation of exogenous NADH by added cytochrome c or ferricyanide by a reaction that is insensitive to the respiratory chain inhibitors, antimycin A, amytal, and rotenone, and is not coupled to phosphorylation. (rupress.org)
  • redox potential +0.217 V), an artificial electron acceptor having a redox potential quite similar to the site near cytochrome c1 (redox potential +0.22 V) on the cyanide-sensitive pathway, was used with isolated mitochondria and leaf discs in the absence and presence of inhibitors (potassium cyanide, antimycin A, and salicylhydroxamic acid). (ac.ke)
  • The XF96e can determine both the oxidative and glycolytic components of cellular bioenergetics in response to metabolic pathway inhibitors. (wixsite.com)
Cytochrome8
  • Experiments with tritiated NADH are described which demonstrate that this "external" pathway of NADH oxidation resembles stereochemically the NADH-cytochrome c reductase system of liver microsomes, and differs from the respiratory chain-linked NADH dehydrogenase. (rupress.org)
  • It was hypothesized that the inclusion of appropriate electron acceptor, possessing redox potential close to one of the electron transport carriers in between ubiquinone (branch point) and cytochrome a-a3, should be able to stop switch-over of electrons to either pathway by working as an electron sink. (ac.ke)
  • Antimycin A is an inhibitor of electron transport from cytochrome b to cytochrome complex III (cytochrome c reductase). (cellsignal.jp)
  • Binding of Antimycin A to cytochrome c reductase inhibits the oxidation of ubiquinol, disrupts the Q-cycle of enzyme turnover, and halts cellular respiration (1). (cellsignal.jp)
  • All higher plants and many fungi contain an alternative oxidase (AOX), which branches from the cytochrome pathway at the level of the quinone pool. (figshare.com)
  • Multiple evidence indicates that Ciona intestinalis alternative oxidase (AOX) can safely be expressed in mammalian cells, where it is efficiently targeted to mitochondria and enzymatically active under conditions where the final enzyme of the electron transfer-pathway, cytochrome c oxidase (COX), is inhibited either chemically and/or genetically [1-3]. (bioblast.at)
  • Titration steps related to quality control (e.g. cytochrome c test) may or may not be included in a selected state of a SUIT protocol, are not considered in the categories of SUIT protocols, and do not have a new number in the name of the SUIT protocol but maintain the number of the particular coupling/pathway control state. (mitoglobal.org)
  • indicates in SUIT protocols the option to extend the titrations by (1) inhibition of electron transfer (typically by antimycin A , Ama) to induce ROX, optionally followed by an assay of cytochrome c oxidase activity, with sequential titration of ascorbate and TMPD (AsTm) and azide (Azd) for evaluation of the chemical O 2 background due to autoxidation reactions. (mitoglobal.org)
Respiratory4
  • 2006) Reorganization of the alternative pathways of the Arabidopsis respiratory chain by nitrogen supply: opposing effects of ammonium and nitrate. (plant.tools)
  • 2004) Antimycin A treatment decreases respiratory internal rotenone-insensitive NADH oxidation capacity in potato leaves. (plant.tools)
  • known hemoproteins and does not require heme for electron trans- Most aerobic organisms synthesize heme by a multistep pathway port in the respiratory chain, protection against oxidative stress, or that is conserved in all three domains of life: bacteria, archaea, desaturation of fatty acids. (medicinelakex1.com)
  • MiR05) excluding respiratory substrates, when respiration is strictly based on endogenous ET-pathway substrates. (mitoglobal.org)
Inhibitor of electron transport1
  • Gill and Stewart (6) found antimycin, an inhibitor of electron transport, reduced the yield of C. psittaci grown in L cells even though cytochromes and flavoproteins have not been detected in chlamydiae (E. Weiss and L. A. Kriesow, Bacteriol. (docksci.com)
Metabolic pathways3
  • These findings can guide preclinical research into the development of novel therapeutics targeting metabolic pathways in GBM. (researchsquare.com)
  • This shift in metabolic pathways is called "The Warburg Effect" and results in the accumulation of lactate regardless of oxygen availability (4). (researchsquare.com)
  • Heme is also an important regulatory mol- sponse, or redox reactions in various metabolic pathways. (medicinelakex1.com)
NADH1
  • Like many cancers, GBM preferentially uses the less-efficient glycolytic pathway to produce energy in the form of ATP and NADH rather than the oxidative phosphorylation pathway favoured by most somatic cells. (researchsquare.com)
Respiration3
  • To evolve a simple oxygen electrode-based method to estimate alternative respiration, one needs to develop a procedure to prevent switch-over of electrons to either pathway upon inhibition by cyanide or salicylhydroxamic acid. (ac.ke)
  • Functionally, AOX expression supports azide- and antimycin A-resistant respiration. (bioblast.at)
  • The sulfide-oxidizing activity was assessed by high-resolution respirometry, measuring the stimulatory effect of sulfide on rotenone-inhibited cell respiration in the absence or presence of antimycin A. Compared to cells grown under normoxic conditions (air O2), cells exposed for 24 h to hypoxia (1% O2) displayed a 1.3-fold reduction in maximal sulfide-oxidizing activity and 2.7-fold lower basal O2 respiration. (univaq.it)
Glycolytic pathway3
  • These data indicate that the glycolytic pathway is operative in distal axons and contributes to the rate of axon extension and growth cone dynamics in the presence of NGF and that, in the absence of NGF, the axonal glycolytic pathway is required for axon maintenance. (jneurosci.org)
  • The data reveal that the glycolytic pathway is required for normal sensory axon extension in the presence of NGF, while in the absence of NGF the glycolytic pathway is required for axon maintenance. (jneurosci.org)
  • Dichloroacetate, which targets a key glycolytic pathway enzyme pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase (5, 6), has been demonstrated to inhibit tumour progression in vivo in lung and breast cancer (5, 7). (researchsquare.com)
Biosynthetic Pathway1
  • Members of the genus reduced ferrous (Fe2+) state, which enables it to accept or do- Trypanosoma lost the entire biosynthetic pathway and extract nate electrons and to function in various redox reactions and heme from host blood (18, 19), whereas Leishmania spp. (medicinelakex1.com)
Rotenone1
Apoptosis4
  • Passage control and SWCNT-transformed human lung epithelial cells were treated with known inducers of apoptosis via the intrinsic (antimycin A and CDDP) or extrinsic (FasL and TNF-a) pathway and analyzed for apoptosis by DNA fragmentation, annexin-V expression, and caspase activation assays. (cdc.gov)
  • Similarly, antimycin, a complex III inhibitor that increases reactive oxygen species generation from mitochondria, sensitized hepatocytes to TNF-induced apoptosis at low doses but caused necrosis at high doses. (johnshopkins.edu)
  • Agents that sensitized hepatocytes to TNF-induced apoptosis-H 2 O 2 , antimycin, diamide, BCNU-all caused a dramatic fall in the GSH/GSSG ratio. (johnshopkins.edu)
  • Taken together, these results suggest that oxidation of the intracellular environment of hepatocytes by reactive oxygen species or redox-modulating agents interferes with NF-κB signaling pathways to sensitize hepatocytes to TNF-induced apoptosis. (johnshopkins.edu)
Inhibition1
  • Furthermore, we found that the inhibition of cell growth by antimycin A was caused by both ROS-dependent and ROS-independent pathways. (bvsalud.org)
Reactive oxygen3
Intrinsic1
  • 2017. Divalent cation chelators citrate and EDTA unmask an intrinsic uncoupling pathway in isolated mitochondria. . (cornell.edu)
Cellular3
  • The SWCNT-transformed cells exhibited defective death receptor pathway in association with cellular FLICE-inhibitory protein (c-FLIP) overexpression. (cdc.gov)
  • We detect alterations of protein properties in numerous cellular pathways and components including ribosome biogenesis and demonstrate that modulation of ribosome maturation through SBDS protein can be helpful for manipulating cell stemness in vitro. (nature.com)
  • The term "oncotarget" encompasses all molecules, pathways, cellular functions, cell types, and even tissues that can be viewed as targets relevant to cancer as well as other diseases. (oncotarget.com)
Glycolysis1
  • Glycolysis is a pathway consisting of 10 enzymes and separated into preparatory and payoff phases, the latter producing ATP. (jneurosci.org)
Binds1
  • Antimycin A binds and inhibits Bcl2/Bcl-xL-related anti-apoptotic proteins, which are commonly over-produced by cancer cells (5,6). (cellsignal.jp)
Endogenous2
  • Consistently, the antimycin A sensitivity of cells was correlated to the endogenous c-Myc levels in various cancer cells. (bvsalud.org)
  • More recently, small interfering RNAs are effective in inducing endogenous RNase of the RNA-induced silencing complex in the RNA interference pathway to inhibit gene expression and growth of several human viruses (5,10,11). (azd1152.com)
Glutathione3
  • The present invention provides a method for treating SWI/SNF complex-deficient cancers comprising a glutathione (GSH) metabolic pathway inhibitor, a pharmaceutical composition comprising a glutathione (GSH) metabolic pathway inhibitor for therapy in SWI/SNF complex-deficient cancers, and a glutathione (GSH) metabolic pathway inhibitor for use in treating SWI/SNF complex-deficient cancers. (justia.com)
  • The present invention also provides a method for detecting and/or selecting a susceptible patient to a glutathione (GSH) metabolic pathway inhibitor. (justia.com)
  • The present invention relates to a method for treating SWI/SNF complex-deficient cancers comprising a glutathione (GSH) metabolic pathway inhibitor, a pharmaceutical composition comprising a glutathione (GSH) metabolic pathway inhibitor for therapy in SWI/SNF complex-deficient cancers, and a glutathione (GSH) metabolic pathway inhibitor for use in treating SWI/SNF complex-deficient cancers. (justia.com)
Synthesis1
  • A few eukaryotes that lost this pathway are synthesis of ergosterol, its precursor, lanosterol, is instead incorpo- known to scavenge heme from external sources. (medicinelakex1.com)
Cells1
Compounds1
  • The mutant was also resistant to the cell wall-damaging agent lyticase, and it showed cross-resistance against various compounds such as rapamycin, antimycin, coniferyl aldehyde and cycloheximide. (itu.edu.tr)
Synthesize2
  • The following steps describe chemically what the Ant Enzymes do in order to synthesize Antimycin. (wikipedia.org)
  • retained genes for the last three steps of the pathway, allowing The most abundant group of heme proteins are cytochromes them to synthesize heme from their host-derived precursors (20). (medicinelakex1.com)
Absence1
  • In its absence, mtLSU particles (visualized by cryo-EM at the resolution of 2.6 Å) present disordered RNA domains, partial occupancy of bL36m and bound MALSU1:L0R8F8:mtACP anti-association module, allowing five mtLSU biogenesis intermediates with different intersubunit interface configurations to be placed along the assembly pathway. (nature.com)
Demonstrate1
  • This study is the first to demonstrate carbon nanotube -induced defective death receptor pathway and the role of c-FLIP in the process. (cdc.gov)
GENE2
  • Gene targets of the altered miRNAs in the high and/or low IL-1β/IL-10 ratio ASD subgroups were enriched in pathways critical for monocyte functions and metabolic regulation. (frontiersin.org)
  • Gene targets of the altered miRNAs in all the ASD subgroups were enriched in pathways of neuronal development and synaptic plasticity, along with cell proliferation/differentiation. (frontiersin.org)
Results1
  • Comparative transcriptomic analysis results revealed that the genes involved in the energy conservation and production pathways, and pleiotropic drug resistance were overexpressed. (itu.edu.tr)
Reactions1
  • Weiss and his co-workers (19, 20, 21) determined that isolated C. psittaci can carry out a number of reactions in the glycolytic, tricarboxylic, and pentose phosphate pathways but that none of these reactions was associated with the net production of ATP. (docksci.com)
Protocols1
  • The library of SUIT protocols is developed to introduce the basic concept by simple coupling/pathway control diagrams. (mitoglobal.org)
Complex1
  • Antimycins are produced by a non-ribosomal peptide synthetase (NRPS)/polyketide synthase (PKS) assembly complex which acts as an assembly line for antimycin production. (wikipedia.org)
Analysis1
Conditions1
  • Mitophagy is important in developmental pathways but also in suppressing neurodegeneration and other pathophysiological conditions. (medicalxpress.com)
Steps1
  • SUIT sequence - sequence of titration steps: Each titration step on coupling control and pathway control starts with a sequential number, followed by the acronym of the substance titrated. (mitoglobal.org)