• 2. Can natural transformation be exploited to map pathogenesis genes? (drexel.edu)
  • Newer work is using the same approach to map the genes responsible for natural variation in other pathogenesis traits, including resistance to human complement-mediated killing, as well as investigating the possibility of identifying genes involved in in vivo pathogenesis in an animal model of otitis media. (drexel.edu)
  • I also have a strong background in bacterial pathogenesis of both Animal and Plant Hosts. (ncl.ac.uk)
  • Although a number of bacteria and viruses have been show to influence serotonin signaling, no study has investigated the effect that serotonin has on bacterial pathogenesis. (grantome.com)
  • Broadly speaking, bacterial pathogenesis refers to the study of the origin and progression of a disease which results from infection by bacteria. (bcm.edu)
  • B. anthracis is an excellent model pathogen to study bacterial pathogenesis. (bcm.edu)
  • This study has revealed the genomic features of colonising CPE isolates, focusing on antimicrobial resistance and virulence determinants. (biomedcentral.com)
  • This pathway, called "natural transformation," is a major mechanism of gene transfer across bacteria and has a profound effect on genome evolution, including spreading antibiotic resistances and other virulence determinants. (drexel.edu)
  • Nevertheless, as opposed to many virulence determinants, there is certainly little information regarding lectin expression on the molecular level. (technuc.com)
  • Its genome harbors all the virulence determinants required to efficiently kill the host, including the ability to germinate in vivo, adhere to host tissues, produce toxins, evade the immune system, and sequester limiting nutrients for growth and replication. (bcm.edu)
  • Klebsiella pneumoniae is an opportunistic pathogen of medical importance and the capsule and mucoid phenotype in this organism are considered as requisite virulence determinants. (scirp.org)
  • The data suggest that the mucoid phenotype could be associated with extrachromsomal element(s) carrying resistance genes to antibiotics and that these extrachromosomal elements may not harbour resistance determinants to chloramphenicol. (scirp.org)
  • Thus an isolate which carries the ail gene is considered a potential human pathogen. (provisioneronline.com)
  • Streptococcus pneumoniae, an opportunistic human pathogen, is the leading cause of community-acquired pneumonia and an agent of otitis media, septicemia, and meningitis. (biomed.news)
  • IMPORTANCE This work employed pleuromutilin-assisted ribosome profiling using retapamulin (Ribo-RET) to identify genome-wide translation start sites in the human pathogen Streptococcus pneumoniae. (biomed.news)
  • More than 20 serologic groups have been identified and designated by letters (eg, A, B, C). Of the non-group A streptococci, group B is the most important human pathogen (the most common cause of neonatal sepsis and bacteremia ), although other groups (particularly group G) have occasionally been implicated as causes of pharyngitis . (medscape.com)
  • Here we sought to characterize conjugal horizontal gene transfer of plasmid-encoded fluoroquinolone resistance genes from two strains of Enterobacteriaceae, one clinical and one from a municipal wastewater treatment plant environment. (karger.com)
  • Escherichia coli strain LR09, containing a plasmid with the aac(6 ′ )-Ib-cr fluoroquinolone resistance gene, did not conjugate with any of the 15 strains tested, while Enterobacter aerogenes strain YS11 conjugated with two strains of E. coli . (karger.com)
  • This study re-analyzed, using multi-locus sequence typing (MLST) and whole genome sequence with single nucleotide polymorphism analysis (WGS-SNP), 52 strains which had been identified as Enterobacter sakazakii as according to the convention at the time of isolation. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Y. enterocolitica virulent strains carry a gene, the adherence and invasion locus (the ail gene), which encodes a virulence protein. (provisioneronline.com)
  • We read about the evolution of pathogens such as the plague bacillus, including its origin between 2600 and 28,000 years ago in China, and that the common ancestor of all the strains in the USA today probably arrived in San Francisco in 1899. (asmblog.org)
  • Strategies and Components Bacterial strains, plasmids, and mass media. (technuc.com)
  • The bacterial strains and plasmids found in this scholarly research are shown in Desk ?Desk1.1. (technuc.com)
  • Horizontal transfer of genetic elements that affect virulence of diarrheagenic E. coli strains and changes in global agricultural processes, as well as movement of humans and animals, may contribute to the complex natural history of diarrheagenic E. coli. (eurekaselect.com)
  • [2] The choice of seven loci ensures adequate variability in distinguishing the most closely related strains and still be able to track the global clonal history of the species with the highest possible accuracy. (advbiores.net)
  • While ongoing work is focused on sequencing and analysis of the bacterial strains, we propose that further insight into relevant strain differences can be gained by also understanding the typing phages themselves and the basis of their infection selectivity. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Instead, this isolate has a horizontally acquired gene chimera that encodes a novel fusion protein with isopentyltransferase and phosphoribohydrolase domains, predicted to be capable of catalyzing and activating cytokinins, respectively. (usda.gov)
  • Through CpxA, both serotonin and indole decrease expression of the locus of enterocyte effacement (LEE) in EHEC, which encodes a type three secretion system (T3SS), effectors and an adhesin necessary for EHEC to form lesions on enterocytes leading to intestinal disease. (grantome.com)
  • [ 4 ] The emm gene encodes the M protein. (medscape.com)
  • In addition, IGS sequencing (e.g., sequencing of intergenic regions between the 16S and 23S rRNA genes) has been used to taxonomy studies, while partial sequencing of the gene gtfB , which encodes the enzyme glucosyltransferase B, has been used to investigate enzymatic activity and virulence 11-12 . (bvsalud.org)
  • and 2) the implication of pathogenicity for 1 strain is not sufficient to implicate any similar strain as a pathogen. (cdc.gov)
  • In Salmonella , five T6SS gene clusters have been identified within pathogenicity islands SPI-6, SPI-19, SPI-20, SPI-21, and SPI-22, which are differentially distributed among serotypes. (frontiersin.org)
  • IglA is a 21 kDa protein encoded by a gene that is part of an iglABCD operon located on the Francisella pathogenicity island (FPI). (biomedcentral.com)
  • We recently described a Francisella pathogenicity island (FPI) harboring several genes necessary for intracellular growth. (biomedcentral.com)
  • We have used this method to map an operon involved in intracellular invasion of airway epithelial cells, a trait with implications for chronic infection, bacterial persistence, and trafficking of cells to different body sites. (drexel.edu)
  • After HEp-2 cell infection and extraction of genomic DNA using 1,440 transposon mutants of Salmonella Typhimurium, Transposon Directed Insertion-site Sequencing (TraDIS) identified 6 novel Salmonella virulence genomic loci responsible for adhesion/invasion (intergenic sucD-cydA, glyA, yqiC, wzxE, and rfaI) and intracellular replication (speG). (tmu.edu.tw)
  • Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are a common bacterial infection with symptoms that include urinary frequency, urgency to void, dysuria and abdominal pain. (ncl.ac.uk)
  • At present it is assumed that the relationship between an individual's susceptibility and bacterial virulence determines the balance between tolerance of invading pathogens and the mounting of an immune response, which in turn dictates the course of infection and subsequent recurrence. (ncl.ac.uk)
  • Resistance is the ability of the host to limit a pathogen burden, whereas tolerance is the ability to limit the negative consequences of infection at a given level of infection intensity. (datadryad.org)
  • At later stages of infection, the pathogen switched from predominately vertical to lateral growth and accumulated below the surface of the rachis. (rothamsted.ac.uk)
  • A comprehensive understanding of host-pathogen interactions requires knowledge of the dynamics of gene expression changes in both the host and the pathogen during a time course of infection. (prelekara.sk)
  • We report here gene expression changes in both Arabidopsis and its parasite Hyaloperonospora arabidopsidis (Hpa) simultaneously during infection using a high-throughput RNA sequencing method. (prelekara.sk)
  • Pseudomonas aeruginosa is an opportunistic pathogen that is commonly responsible for nosocomial infections, including pneumonia, bloodstream infection, urine infection and ocular infection. (advbiores.net)
  • 2010). strain was attenuated for virulence in a mouse infection model despite persistence at high bacterial load in lungs compared with the isogenic wild type (Geiman et?al. (healthyguide.info)
  • Infection with this pathogen is also causally linked to 2 potentially serious nonsuppurative complications: acute rheumatic fever (ARF) and acute glomerulonephritis . (medscape.com)
  • All 29 fluoroquinolone-resistant isolates were positive for the aac(6')-Ib-cr gene but negative for qepA , except SD001. (researchsquare.com)
  • In addition, only 6 (20.69%, 6/29) isolates harbored the qnr gene, including two with qnrB (6.90%, 2/29) and four with qnrS (13.79%, 4/29). (researchsquare.com)
  • Our analysis includes the antimicrobial resistance profiles, the molecular characterization of the mechanisms of resistance to fluoroquinolones, virulence gene profiles and the molecular characterization of S. dysenteriae isolates by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) and multilocus sequence typing (MLST). (researchsquare.com)
  • Whole genome sequences of these isolates were determined and analysed to compute bacterial multilocus sequence types and plasmid replicon types, infer phylogenetic relationships, and identify antimicrobial resistance and virulence genes. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The most abundant carbapenemase gene family in the K. pneumoniae isolates (33/39) was bla OXA-232 , with bla NDM-1 additionally identified in 19 of them. (biomedcentral.com)
  • We also serotyped and determined virulence attributes for a subset of porcine fecal isolates (n=109) and found Y. enterocolitica serotypes O:3 (75.2 percent) and O:5 (24.8 percent). (provisioneronline.com)
  • All of these isolates harbored the ail-gene, indicative of their potential to infect humans. (provisioneronline.com)
  • The current model predicts that phytopathogenic isolates require a cluster of three loci present on a linear plasmid, with the fas operon central to virulence. (usda.gov)
  • We sequenced and compared the genomes of 20 isolates of Rhodococcus to gain insights into the mechanisms and evolution of virulence in these bacteria. (usda.gov)
  • Horizontal gene transfer was identified as critical but limited in the scale of virulence evolution, as few loci are conserved and exclusive to phytopathogenic isolates. (usda.gov)
  • Putative virulence and antibiotic resistance genes were over-represented in L1, L2 and L3 isolates combined, versus the remainder. (nature.com)
  • Ceftazidime-resistant (CAZ res ) isolates with a positive double-disc synergy test were screened for the presence of extended-spectrum β-lactamase-encoding genes. (advbiores.net)
  • This system is based on a sequence at the 5' end of a locus ( emm ) that is present in all isolates. (medscape.com)
  • To resolve phylogenetic relationships among ries of bacterial clonal complexes by using concatenated isolates, we sequenced 68 isolates from Europe and North sequences of housekeeping genes when within-loci and America at 1 chromosomal locus (16S-23S ribosomal RNA between-loci recombinations are infrequent ( 5 ). (cdc.gov)
  • The genetic homogeneity of ospC -A isolates was confi rmed agent, Borrelia burgdorferi , a spirochete that parasitizes by sequences at 6 additional chromosomal housekeeping vertebrates, is transmitted by hard-bodied ticks through- loci ( gap, alr, glpA, xylB, ackA, and tgt ). (cdc.gov)
  • Next, the isolates were differentiated by sequencing a specific region of the gene encoding the enzyme glucosyltransferase B ( gtfB ). (bvsalud.org)
  • Based on the genetic similarity of the isolates and pattern of amino acid variations identified by partial sequencing of the gtfB gene, base-pair changes were identified and correlated with different virulence patterns among the isolates. (bvsalud.org)
  • The bait and prey gene are expressed as a fusion to the GAL4 DNA-binding domain (DNA-BD) and GAL4 activation domain (AD, prey/library fusion protein), respectively. (bvsalud.org)
  • My laboratory uses, bacterial genetics, protein biochemistry, structural biology, bioinformatics and microscopic techniques to validate our genetic findings. (ncl.ac.uk)
  • Although none of the HrpZ proteins showed significant overall sequence similarity with other known proteins, HrpZPst contained a 24-amino acid sequence that is homologous with a region of the PopA1 elicitor protein of the tomato pathogen, Pseudomonas solanacearum GMI1000. (ox.ac.uk)
  • The annotation of the full genome sequence revealed the absence of genes encoding for a non-flagellar type 3 protein secretion system (NF-T3SS). (assignster.com)
  • Each antibacterial effector gene is located upstream of a gene encoding a hypothetic immunity protein, thus conforming an effector/immunity (E/I) module. (frontiersin.org)
  • 2005. An ancestral oomycete locus contains late blight avirulence gene Avr3a, encoding a protein that is recognised in the host cytoplasm . (hutton.ac.uk)
  • The A and B clones of Borrelia burgdorferi sensu stric- maintenance of these clonal complexes in natural bacterial to, distinguished by outer surface protein C ( ospC ) gene populations ( 3 , 4 ). (cdc.gov)
  • 8 , 9 Furthermore, the accelerating accumulation and transmission of antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs) among multidrug resistant (MDR) pathogens pose major difficulties in treating infections. (researchsquare.com)
  • Antimicrobial-resistant pathogens associated with healthcare-associated infections: summary of data reported to the National Healthcare Safety Network at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2009-2010. (nature.com)
  • Klebsiella species, including the notable pathogen K. pneumoniae , are increasingly associated with antimicrobial resistance (AMR). (klebnet.org)
  • Antimicrobial resistance occurs through different mechanisms, which include spontaneous (natural) genetic mutations and horizontal transfer of resistant genes through deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA). (who.int)
  • We have generated high-resolution genome-wide maps of transformation, finding massive variation in rates at different chromosomal loci. (drexel.edu)
  • We have developed a novel method for mapping genes in bacteria, exploiting natural transformation in combination with genome-wide deep sequencing. (drexel.edu)
  • Selection for recombinants that acquired the trait, followed by genome-wide profiling of donor-specific allele frequencies, we can rapidly identify the relevant genes. (drexel.edu)
  • Data from: Genome-Wide Association Mapping of Loci Associated with Plant Growth and Forage Production under Salt Stress in Alfalfa (Medicago sativa L. (usda.gov)
  • In this study, we used a diverse panel of 198 alfalfa accessions for mapping loci associated with plant growth and forage production under salt stress using genome-wide association studies (GWAS). (usda.gov)
  • In the present study, we used genotyping-by-sequencing and genome-wide association to identify marker loci associated with biomass yield under drought in the field in a panel of diverse germplasm of alfalfa. (usda.gov)
  • My expertise utilise bacterial genetics to study fundamental aspects of the bacterial life cycle and host-microbe interactions. (ncl.ac.uk)
  • 2004). Bopindolol malonate Overexpression of in resulted in the differential regulation of many cell wall\associated proteins and other genes involved in the biosynthesis and degradation of surface polysaccharides and lippolysaccharides, believed to play important roles in host\pathogen interactions (Williams et?al. (healthyguide.info)
  • 11 The common genetic loci are invasion plasmid antigen H ( ipaH ), invasion plasmid antigen genes ( ipaBCD) and invasion associated locus ( ial ). (researchsquare.com)
  • When bait and prey fusion proteins interact in yeast nucleus, the DNA-BD and AD are brought into proximity, thus activating transcription of reporter genes. (bvsalud.org)
  • 10% transformation frequency), which reside in genes undergoing strong diversifying selection that encode large membrane proteins, likely as an immune invasion tactic. (drexel.edu)
  • which are involved in the secretion of the Yop virulence proteins via the type III pathway. (ox.ac.uk)
  • The Type VI Secretion System (T6SS) is a multiprotein device that has emerged as an important fitness and virulence factor for many Gram-negative bacteria through the injection of effector proteins into prokaryotic or eukaryotic cells via a contractile mechanism. (frontiersin.org)
  • While some effector proteins specifically target bacterial or eukaryotic cells, others can target both types of cells (trans-kingdom effectors). (frontiersin.org)
  • In addition, there is limited information regarding the repertoire of effector proteins encoded within T6SS SPI-6 and T6SS SPI-19 gene clusters in S . Dublin. (frontiersin.org)
  • Of note, the genes encoding these effectors and immunity proteins are widely distributed in Salmonella genomes, suggesting a relevant role in interbacterial competition and virulence. (frontiersin.org)
  • We are applying a variety of genomic methods to identifying putative virulence genes, including machine learning and phylogenetic correlated evolution methods. (drexel.edu)
  • This finding has raised an intriguing question: Does C. jejuni sense, inject and secrete putative virulence factors into host cells? (assignster.com)
  • Multilocus sequence typing (MLST) is a strain-typing system that focuses strictly on conserved housekeeping genes. (advbiores.net)
  • 10 The virulence gene has become a significant marker of pathogenic bacteria. (researchsquare.com)
  • Some bacteria in the genus Rhodococcus cause leafy galls, shoot proliferation, and other growth deformities on many plants and are economically important pathogens of herbaceous perennials grown by the ornamental nursery industry. (usda.gov)
  • These comparisons also showed that a specific cytokinin plant hormone is associated with virulence of these bacteria. (usda.gov)
  • Clostridia are a class of Gram-positive, anaerobic and spore-forming bacteria, and include the important human pathogens Clostridium perfringens, Clostridium botulinum, and Clostridioides difficile , among numerous others. (biorxiv.org)
  • Here, we report the discovery of a gene cluster, which we named ccsABZCD , among selected bacteria within class Clostridia that appears to encode a synthase complex responsible for polymerization, modification, and export of an O-acetylated cellulose exopolysaccharide. (biorxiv.org)
  • In this work, we identify a gene cluster, which we name ccsABZHI , for the C lostridial c ellulose s ynthase, which bears remarkable similarity to molecular machinery required for the production of cellulose biofilms in other Gram-negative bacteria. (biorxiv.org)
  • Among Gram-negative bacteria (GNB), Enterobacterales ( Enterobacterales ), such as Escherichia coli ( E. coli ) and Klebsiella pneumoniae ( K. pneumoniae ), are the most clinically relevant pathogens in healthcare settings. (frontiersin.org)
  • Since many of these virulence systems are similar in the mechanism of action to those of bacteria which cause more common infections, knowledge garnered herein is applicable to their understanding as well. (bcm.edu)
  • The first three genes, ba-isdC, x1, and x2, contain NEAT (near iron transporter) domains, a conserved structural motif present in greater than 50 different Gram-positive bacteria. (bcm.edu)
  • Our findings emphasize the importance of sORFs present in the genomes of pathogenic bacteria and underscore the utility of ribosome profiling for identifying the bacterial translatome. (biomed.news)
  • Whether these phenotype and resistances that had no fitness cost to the bacterium could significantly affect the virulence of the bacteria in vivo remains to be investigated. (scirp.org)
  • Klebsiella pneumoniae is a gram negative bacteria and an opportunistic pathogen. (scirp.org)
  • The work package focusing on molecular studies generated new evidence about the changes effected by antibiotic therapy on commensal organisms or opportunistic pathogens in the oropharyngeal, nasal and gastro-intestinal flora and study AMR mechanisms and the dissemination of successful clones of fluoroquinolone-resistant, carbapenem-resistant or extended-spectrum beta-lactamase harboring Gram-negative bacteria, MRSA and fluoroquinolone-resistant viridans streptococci. (europa.eu)
  • The bacteria is gram negative, rod shaped and aerobic belongs to the bacterial family of pseudomonadanceae. (ukessays.com)
  • Bacteriophages are viruses that infect bacteria and cause bacterial lysis and cell death, but can also promote horizontal gene transfer between bacteria, play an important role in dynamic bacterial genome evolution and can regulate the abundance and diversity of bacterial communities through co-evolution [ 7 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The key to the organism's virulence is the phenomenon of "blockage," which aids the transmission of bacteria by fleas. (medscape.com)
  • 2010). However, we earlier demonstrated that, is conserved in all the mycobacterial species analyzed and proposed that apart from regulating the expression of virulence genes in pathogenic mycobacteria, SigF is likely to play more roles in mycobacterial physiology (Singh and Singh 2008). (healthyguide.info)
  • Although the authors define aEPEC strictly on the basis of positivity for the LEE eae gene and failure to amplify a bfpA pilin gene (not assessing additional plasmid loci), the absence of tEPEC serotypes and the occurrence of disease in children older than infants suggest that these are indeed aEPEC. (cdc.gov)
  • spacer) and 3 plasmid loci ( ospC , dbpA , and BBD14). (cdc.gov)
  • The ease with which researchers can insert Cas9 and template RNA in order to silence or cause point mutations at specific loci has proved invaluable to the quick and efficient mapping of genomic models and biological processes associated with various genes in a variety of eukaryotes. (wikipedia.org)
  • Clostridia have been reported to form biofilms composed of cellulose, although the specific loci which encode the cellulose synthase have not been identified. (biorxiv.org)
  • Yersinia enterocolitica is a major human foodborne pathogen which causes approximately 87,000 human cases and approximately 1,100 hospitalizations each year in the United States. (provisioneronline.com)
  • Listeria monocytogenes is a foodborne pathogen causing listeriosis. (microbiologyresearch.org)
  • Methodological approaches for monitoring opportunistic pathogens in premise plumbing: A review. (cdc.gov)
  • Or were some aEPEC true pathogens of humans or animals? (cdc.gov)
  • Shigella is one of the major pathogens that causes diarrheal diseases in humans and animals.1,2 Since the first highly toxigenic species, Shigella dysenteriae, was isolated in 1898,3 four species has been described in Shigella genus, and each subgroup can be divided into multiple subtypes according to biochemical and serological properties. (researchsquare.com)
  • are facultative intracellular pathogens that have the ability to survive and multiply in professional and nonprofessional phagocytes, and cause abortion in domestic animals and undulant fever in humans. (go.jp)
  • F. novicida is closely related to F. tularensis but has low virulence for humans while being highly virulent in mice. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Several studies have demonstrated that the colonization and accumulation of Streptococcus mutans is associated with dental caries in humans, since they are influenced by various factors in the oral cavity, such as nutrition and hygiene conditions of the host, salivary components, cleaning power and salivary flow and characteristics related with microbial virulence factors 3 . (bvsalud.org)
  • Our primary model system is the human bacterial pathogen Haemophilus influenzae , an important agent of ear infections (otitis media) in children, as well as lung infections associated with chronic respiratory conditions. (drexel.edu)
  • 3. How do bacterial genomes change during the course of chronic infections? (drexel.edu)
  • The flagellar filament is a major antigen recognized by hosts during bacterial infections. (ncl.ac.uk)
  • As a pathogen, E. coli are the most frequent causes of bacterial infections, including urinary tract infections, diarrheal disease, and other clinical infections such as neonatal meningitis, pneumonia and bacteremia. (eurekaselect.com)
  • Pseudomonas aeruginosa is an opportunistic pathogen that is commonly responsible for nosocomial infections. (advbiores.net)
  • Infections secondary to these pathogens are widely common but multidrug resistance (MDR) in Enterobacterales has become a significant challenge with increased morbidity, mortality, and cost of management. (frontiersin.org)
  • The biofilm matrix serves numerous roles, including resilience and persistence, making biofilms a subject of research interest among persistent clinical pathogens of global health importance. (biorxiv.org)
  • Biofilms have demonstrated roles in both virulence and persistence among bacterial pathogens of global health importance. (biorxiv.org)
  • A majority of loci were similarly differentially methylated in acute TMD consistent with observed transience or persistence of symptoms at follow-up. (iasp-pain.org)
  • Enteropathogenic E. coli (EPEC), classically associated with outbreaks of infant diarrhea, harbors distinctive chromosomal (the locus of enterocyte effacement, or LEE island) and plasmidborne (residing on the EPEC adherence factor, or EAF, plasmid) virulence factors, which are linked by common gene regulators ( 1 ). (cdc.gov)
  • Salmonella enterica serotype Dublin ( S . Dublin) is a cattle-adapted pathogen that harbors both T6SS SPI-6 and T6SS SPI-19 . (frontiersin.org)
  • Cas9 derived from the bacterial species Streptococcus pyogenes has facilitated targeted genomic modification in eukaryotic cells by allowing for a reliable method of creating a targeted break at a specific location as designated by the crRNA and tracrRNA guide strands. (wikipedia.org)
  • The Pseudomonas syringae pathovars are composed of host-specific plant pathogens that characteristically elicit the defense-associated hypersensitive response (HR) in nonhost plants. (ox.ac.uk)
  • The exopolysaccharide genes such as pilB, pslA, lecA, ureB and alginate genes are responsible for the formation of pseudomonas biofilms. (ukessays.com)
  • A significant number of bacterial species encode multiple copies of the filament building block - flagellin. (ncl.ac.uk)
  • The locus of the psl polysacchide genes encode the cells to adhere to a surface and thus maintaining the biofilm structure. (ukessays.com)
  • Prophages are important as they often encode additional factors not directly linked to phage production that may provide an evolutionary advantage to the bacterial host enabling survival of the embedded prophage. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Acquisition of resistance genes has proven to be difficult to characterize and is largely uncontrollable in the environment. (karger.com)
  • Figure 3: Prevalence of virulence and antibiotic resistance genes in the dominant lineages (L1-L3, n = 89) and remainder ( n = 79). (nature.com)
  • Although genomic and transcriptomic studies of S. pneumoniae have provided detailed perspectives on gene content and expression programs, they have lacked information pertaining to the translational landscape, particularly at a resolution that identifies commonly overlooked small open reading frames (sORFs), whose importance is increasingly realized in metabolism, regulation, and virulence. (biomed.news)
  • Expression profiling of both pathogen effector genes and host genes involved in immunity allows us to suggest distinct mechanisms of effector-mediated susceptibility and reveals interesting Hpa effectors for detailed mechanistic investigation in future experiments. (prelekara.sk)
  • 2011) Multiple candidate effectors from the oomycete pathogen Hyaloperonospora arabidopsidis suppress host plant immunity. (prelekara.sk)
  • 2013) In planta effector competition assays detect Hyaloperonospora arabidopsidis effectors that contribute to virulence and localize to different plant subcellular compartments. (prelekara.sk)
  • 2011) Independently evolved virulence effectors converge onto hubs in a plant immune system network. (prelekara.sk)
  • Bioinformatic and comparative genomic analyses allowed us to identify genes encoding three candidate antibacterial effectors located within SPI-6 and two candidate effectors located within SPI-19. (frontiersin.org)
  • σS also contributes to biofilm formation and virulence of the food-borne pathogen Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium (S. Typhimurium). (hal.science)
  • The genes responsible for the biofilm formation are quantified by comparing the planktonic and biofilm samples. (ukessays.com)
  • We identified 30 loci that predict tolerance, many of which are in genes involved in the regulation of immunity and metabolism. (datadryad.org)
  • Accordingly, the specific aims of this application are: 1) In vitro mechanistic studies on virulence gene regulation by tryptophan derivatives. (grantome.com)
  • 3) Serotonin regulation of bacterial virulence in the murine GI tract. (grantome.com)
  • 5 × 10-8) associated with chronic painful TMD, including loci near genes involved in the regulation of inflammatory and neuronal response. (iasp-pain.org)
  • Extensive regulation by σS of genes involved in metabolism and membrane composition, and down-regulation of the respiratory chain functions, were important features of the σS effects on gene transcription that might confer fitness advantages to bacterial cells and/or populations under starving conditions. (hal.science)
  • This study also provides a firm basis for future studies to address molecular mechanisms of indirect regulation of gene expression by σS. (hal.science)
  • Here we obtained a well-resolved polymorphism type of intergenic spacer (IGS) sequence phylogeny of B. burgdorferi sensu stricto clonal complexes (corresponding to the ospC- A and -B groups) is associated by using multilocus sequence typing at housekeeping loci with hematogenous dissemination in patients with early as well as loci under adaptive evolution. (cdc.gov)
  • Biomedically, understanding the mechanisms of tolerance and how they relate to resistance could potentially yield treatment strategies that focus on health improvement instead of pathogen elimination. (datadryad.org)
  • [1] Antibiotic surveillance studies are necessary for the design of control strategies for preventing bacterial resistance and establishing therapeutic guidelines as well as for a better understanding of bacterial epidemiology. (advbiores.net)
  • CRISPR gene editing (pronounced /ˈkrɪspər/ "crisper") is a genetic engineering technique in molecular biology by which the genomes of living organisms may be modified. (wikipedia.org)
  • The flagellum is a unique molecular machine driving bacterial movement through liquid environments. (ncl.ac.uk)
  • The ability to sequence large bacterial collections means that the molecular epidemiology and gene content of epidemic and sporadic lineages can now be defined systematically. (nature.com)
  • This universal term is currently commonly used to spell it out the sensation whereby the deposition of the diffusible, low-molecular-weight indication molecule (occasionally known as a pheromone or autoinducer) allows specific bacterial cells to feeling when the minimal people device or quorum of bacterias has been attained for the concerted people response to become initiated (15). (technuc.com)
  • Escherichia coli is both the most abundant facultative commensal of the human gastrointestinal tract and the most common bacterial cause of human diarrhea ( 1 ). (cdc.gov)
  • A ubiquitous organism, S pyogenes is the most common bacterial cause of acute pharyngitis , accounting for 15-30% of cases in children and 5-10% of cases in adults. (medscape.com)
  • By resequencing Hpa isolate Waco9, we found it evades Arabidopsis resistance gene RPP1 through deletion of cognate recognized effector ATR1. (prelekara.sk)
  • Functional characterization of the identified regions found relationships between methylation at these loci and nearby genetic variation contributing to chronic painful TMD and with gene expression of proximal genes. (iasp-pain.org)
  • These findings reveal epigenetic contributions to chronic painful TMD through methylation of the genes FMOD, PM20D1, ZNF718, ZFP57, and RNF39, following the development of acute painful TMD. (iasp-pain.org)
  • In particular, we identified hospital outbreaks, detected introductions from abroad, and uncovered clonal expansions associated with resistance and virulence genes. (klebnet.org)
  • Following sequence analysis discovered an open up reading body (ORF) of 369 bp matching towards the lectin structural gene, termed (3 later, 4) and right here renamed to conform with regular hereditary nomenclature. (technuc.com)
  • There are 4 major subfamilies of emm genes, which are defined by sequence differences within the 3' end, encoding the peptidoglycan-spanning domain. (medscape.com)
  • By delivering the Cas9 nuclease complexed with a synthetic guide RNA (gRNA) into a cell, the cell's genome can be cut at a desired location, allowing existing genes to be removed and/or new ones added in vivo. (wikipedia.org)
  • He then moved on to Harvard Medical School where he completed his MD and PhD in genetics studying the host pathogen interaction using C. elegans as a model system. (edu.au)
  • We have studied how bacterial species such as the pathogen Salmonella enterica maintain a discrete number of flagellar per cell during cell growth and division. (ncl.ac.uk)
  • We complement our study on flagellar abundance with research to understanding how a filament is assembled from multiple flagellins, a trait maintained by many bacterial species. (ncl.ac.uk)
  • There is an unusual expansion of several genes which have acquired many paralogs unlike in other mycobacterial species (Waagmeester et?al. (healthyguide.info)
  • Transformation of znuA mutant with a shuttle vector pBBR1MCS-4 containing znuA gene restored the growth in zinc chelated medium and intracellular replication in HeLa cells and macrophages to a level comparable to that of wild-type strain. (go.jp)
  • A common virulence strategy of intracellular pathogens is to favorably modulate the intracellular milieu of hosts for their own benefit. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Within the Rhodococcus genus, some members can cause growth deformities and persist as pathogens on a wide range of host plants. (usda.gov)
  • Evolutionarily, a tolerance strategy that is independent of resistance could allow the host to avoid mounting a costly immune response and, theoretically, to avoid a co-evolutionary arms race between pathogen virulence and host resistance. (datadryad.org)
  • Chemical communication between microbes and their hosts underlies the basis of their associations The GI pathogen enterohemorrhagic E. coli (EHEC), responsible for outbreaks of bloody diarrhea worldwide, exploits cell-to-cell signaling between the gastrointestinal microbial flora and the hos as a means to gage and recognize the host environment. (grantome.com)
  • 2) Serotonin and indole signaling at the microbiota, pathogen and host cell interface. (grantome.com)
  • However, expression profiling has often focused on either the host or the pathogen due to limitations of methods that involve microarrays. (prelekara.sk)
  • Interestingly, while both systems have been linked to virulence and host colonization in S . Dublin, an antibacterial activity has not been detected for T6SS SPI-6 in this serotype. (frontiersin.org)
  • Therefore, the presence of S. mutans in individuals with low caries experiences could be explained by differences in bacterial virulence factors or endogenous factors within the host populations. (bvsalud.org)
  • Bacterial resistance to antimicrobials has become one of the greatest challenges for clinical microbiologists and healthcare practitioners worldwide. (karger.com)
  • Now these authors show that, in contrast to patients infected with other pathogens, patients infected with aEPEC are far more likely to experience diarrhea past 14 days, the point long recognized as a clinical watershed that heralds increased risk for illness and death. (cdc.gov)
  • The Use of Next-Generation Sequencing in the Identification of a Fastidious Pathogen: A Lesson From a Clinical Setup. (cdc.gov)
  • Non-typhoidal Salmonella is an important bacterial pathogen causing worldwide morbidity and mortality. (tmu.edu.tw)
  • Altogether, these results suggest that CpxA is an important small molecule receptor crucial for cell-to-cell signaling and inhibition of virulence of GI pathogens. (grantome.com)
  • We identified the bacterial membrane bound histidine sensor kinase (HK) CpxA as a sensor of serotonin and indole. (grantome.com)
  • The long-term goal of this research is to apply statistical genomic approaches developed by human geneticists to the identification of bacterial virulence factors that contribute to disease in natural populations. (drexel.edu)
  • Ixodes ricinus ticks ( 11 ) and is carried by a large variety of ize genetic variations of natural populations of a bacterial hosts, including birds and small- to medium-sized mam- pathogen ( 1 , 2 ). (cdc.gov)
  • The arginine deiminase pathway in the wine lactic acid bacterium Lactobacillus hilgardii X1B: structural and functional study of the arcABC genes. (microbiologyresearch.org)
  • The virulence of this bacterium results from the 32 Y pestis chromosomal genes and two Y pestis -specific plasmids, constituting the only new genetic material acquired since its evolution from its predecessor. (medscape.com)
  • He points out that innocuous microbes often carry virulence factors, which suggests that these factors have other uses, such as aiding colonization or resistance to phagocytes. (asmblog.org)
  • The mechanism and factors of virulence are not fully understood. (go.jp)
  • P. aeruginosa has intrinsic resistance to many antibiotics and produces a variety of virulence factors. (advbiores.net)
  • these virulence factors are broadly grouped as fimbrial and non-fimbrial adhesins, siderophores, somatic ("O") antigens and capsular ("K") antigens. (scirp.org)
  • C. jejuni does not possess classical virulence factors observed in bacterial enteropathogens such as enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli and Salmonella spp. (assignster.com)
  • Sigma factors reversibly associate with RNA polymerase and allow them to specifically direct the expression of specific set of genes. (healthyguide.info)
  • Conclusions: The partial sequencing of the gtfB gene can be a useful tool for elucidating the colonization patterns of S. mutans . (bvsalud.org)
  • Caries is an infectious and transmissible disease associated with bacterial colonization of dental surfaces 1 . (bvsalud.org)
  • In addition, the prevalence of the PMQR determinant genes was also investigated. (researchsquare.com)
  • We have uncovered a cell wall-based heme acquisition system in B. anthracis with similarities to the iron-regulated surface determinant (Isd) locus in S. aureus. (bcm.edu)
  • We used RNAi to confirm that a subset of mapped genes have a role in defence, including putative wound repair genes grainy head and debris buster. (datadryad.org)
  • Additional studies are needed in many places to refine our understanding of putative and emerging pathogens and to determine their full epidemiologic roles. (cdc.gov)