ChondrocytesChondrocyte proliferationPathwaysAbnormalOsteoarthritisProliferationSignaling pathwayHypertrophyDifferentiationSubchondral bone plateCartilage repairArticular cartilageVascular endothTissueGeneDiseasesSkeletalFGFR3PrehypertrophicCranialProcessDiseaseDevelopmentalCenterFactorsSitesNormal growthPatientsAreasEssential
Chondrocytes5
- What is the role of ER stress in the pathogenesis of diseases mediated by chondrocytes such as chondrodysplasias and osteoarthritis? (manchester.ac.uk)
- Wogonoside also inhibited hypertrophy and the generation of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in interleukin-1β (IL-1β)-induced chondrocytes. (oncotarget.com)
- While hypertrophy of chondrocytes is a physiological process implicated in the longitudinal growth of long bones, hypertrophy-like alterations in chondrocytes play a major role in OA. (biomedcentral.com)
- We performed a quantitative proteomic analysis in osteoarthritic and normal chondrocytes followed by functional analyses to investigate proteome changes and molecular pathways involved in OA pathogenesis. (biomedcentral.com)
- These mutations cause decreased endochondral ossification, decreased cellular hypertrophy, decreased cartilage matrix production, and inhibited proliferation of chondrocytes in growth plate cartilage. (medscape.com)
Chondrocyte proliferation1
- BMP-2 induces chondrocyte proliferation, endochondral bone formation, longitudinal bone growth, and bone and cartilage repair (6, 7). (novusbio.com)
Pathways3
- Our current efforts are focused on genetically dissecting out the roles of different ER stress pathways in disease pathogenesis using a series of conditional ER stress-related mouse lines crossed with our own chondrodysplasia lines. (manchester.ac.uk)
- Our research focuses on developmental pathways that regulate hematopoietic cell growth and differentiation and are disrupted in the course of neoplastic transformation, particularly in leukemias and lymphomas. (stanford.edu)
- The developmental biology of EO can be of crucial importance in understanding the procedure of OA, and there is a lot scientific proof indicating that signaling pathways modulating joint formation and homeostasis are of central importance in the pathogenesis of OA. (exposed-skin-care.net)
Abnormal2
- Heterotopic ossification (HO) is the abnormal growth of bone in soft connective tissues that occurs as a frequent complication in individuals with traumatic brain injury (TBI) and in rare genetic disorders. (mdpi.com)
- While many studies have employed Cre mediated recombination in plant systems with no apparent unintended effects, other studies have observed a range of abnormal phenotypes including Inhibitors,Modulators,Libraries growth defects, leaf chlorosis, delayed flowering, and male sterility. (p2receptor-signal.com)
Osteoarthritis3
- Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most common joint disorder and is characterized by cartilage degradation and endochondral ossification. (umontreal.ca)
- We are also characterising the consequences of elevated ER stress in the pathogenesis of osteoarthritis using a mechanically-induced disease model. (manchester.ac.uk)
- Wnt and Rho GTPase signaling play critical tasks in governing several areas of cell physiology, and also have been proven to be engaged in endochondral ossification and osteoarthritis (OA) advancement. (exposed-skin-care.net)
Proliferation1
- Currently, 17 murine and human KLFs are known to play crucial roles in the regulation of transcription, cell proliferation, cellular differentiation, stem cell maintenance, and tissue and organ pathogenesis. (mdpi.com)
Signaling pathway1
- The Hedgehog (Hh) signaling pathway regulates chondrocyte growth and differentiation in the growth plate. (umontreal.ca)
Hypertrophy1
- Lately, more and more research possess implicated chondrocyte terminal differentiation (hypertrophy-like adjustments) in the pathogenesis of OA. (exposed-skin-care.net)
Differentiation2
- 1 Department of Cell Growth and Differentiation, Center for iPS Cell Research and Application, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan. (jci.org)
- That is like the chondrocyte differentiation procedure during endochondral ossification (EO). (exposed-skin-care.net)
Subchondral bone plate2
- Finally, it is possible that it protects the subchondral bone plate and the subarticular spongiosa from structural alterations of its microarchitecture. (hindawi.com)
- Pathological changes initially occur in the articular cartilage, and later invade the subchondral bone plate and synovial tissues surrounding the joint. (spandidos-publications.com)
Cartilage repair2
- The additional application of a bone marrow aspirate (BMA) to the procedure of marrow stimulation is thought to enhance cartilage repair as it may provide both an additional cell population capable of chondrogenesis and a source of growth factors stimulating cartilage repair. (hindawi.com)
- In the orthopaedic field, additional application of a bone marrow aspirate (BMA) to the procedure of marrow stimulation has been recently studied, since the bone marrow itself is both a source of MSCs, providing a cell population capable of chondrogenesis and of various growth factors stimulating cartilage repair [ 7 - 10 ]. (hindawi.com)
Articular cartilage1
- In advanced cases, both the articular cartilage and the underlying bony layers are affected, but the exact sequence of events and their localization in the initial phase of pathogenesis remain uncertain. (unboundmedicine.com)
Vascular endoth1
- However, BATF did not modulate the functions of fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLS), including the expressions of chemokines, matrix-degrading enzymes, vascular endothelial growth factor, and receptor activator of NF-κB ligand (RANKL). (biomedcentral.com)
Tissue2
- Beginning at 5 weeks, the mesenchymal tissue organizes to form cartilaginous plates and later, bone that comprises the skull. (medscape.com)
- Dura mater tissue likely interacts with cranial bone growth and thus may play a role in the etiology of Chiari Type I Malformation (CMI) and related conditions, but it is often inaccessible and its gene expression has not been well studied. (biomedcentral.com)
Gene3
- Both TD-I and TD-II are part of a group of skeletal disorders associated with mutations within the Fibroblast Growth Factor Receptor 3 gene ( FGFR3 ). (medscape.com)
- Other approaches aiming for the regeneration of cartilage, make use of growth factors or cytokines, either by direct injection to the infected areas or using platelet-rich plasma or gene therapy approaches [ 10 , 13 - 15 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
- Achondroplasia is caused by mutations in the fibroblast growth factor receptor-3 ( FGFR3 ) gene. (medscape.com)
Diseases1
- However, these diseases clearly differ in their etiologies, pathogenic mechanisms, and the cell types associated with each pathogenesis. (biomedcentral.com)
Skeletal3
- Among these, fibroblast growth factor receptor 3 ( FGFR3 )-related skeletal dysplasia is a relatively common subgroup of skeletal dysplasia. (e-apem.org)
- Fibroblast growth factors (FGFs) and FGF receptors (FGFRs) play essential roles in human axial and craniofacial skeletal development. (e-apem.org)
- Camptodactyly, tall stature, scoliosis, and hearing loss (CATSHL) syndrome has been reported in 2 families, showing excessive skeletal growth due to loss-of-function of FGFR3 [ 3 , 4 ]. (e-apem.org)
FGFR31
- Normally, FGFR3 is a negative regulator of bone growth. (medscape.com)
Prehypertrophic1
- This can be constant with in vivo results from mouse growth plates exhibiting that Hmgb2 is expressed in proliferating and prehypertrophic zones but not in hypertrophic cartilage wherever Col10a1 is strongly expressed. (cox-inhibitors.com)
Cranial2
- The cartilaginous neurocranium (or chondrocranium) comprises a number of cartilaginous plates that grow, ossify, and fuse to form most of the cranial base. (medscape.com)
- These portions of the skull undergo endochondral ossification and form the greater portion of the cranial base, contributing little to the cranial suture involved in most syndromal and nonsyndromal craniosynostoses. (medscape.com)
Process3
- Most of the bones of our body develop and grow by way of a cartilage template in a process called endochondral ossification. (manchester.ac.uk)
- The growth of the human calvaria is a complex process that is not yet completely understood. (medscape.com)
- Craniosynostosis refers to a specific aberration of the growth process in which bone growth at a particular suture site (or sites) is arrested prematurely, resulting in a specific skull shape deformity. (medscape.com)
Disease1
- Many other conditions were once confused with OCD when attempting to describe how the disease affected the joint, including osteochondral fracture, osteonecrosis, accessory ossification center, osteochondrosis, and hereditary epiphyseal dysplasia. (wikipedia.org)
Developmental1
- The cartilage template of the skeleton deposited during development is transformed to bone in a highly organised developmental sequence that drives bone growth. (manchester.ac.uk)
Center2
- Through membranous ossification, bone spicules form in 5 primary ossification centers, paired frontal and parietal centers, and a single occipital center. (medscape.com)
- Growth at these ossification centers proceeds in a radial fashion with new bone formation (osteoblastic) at the edges and osteoclastic resorption toward the center. (medscape.com)
Factors1
- The downregulation of IHH expression by these factors could contribute to the OA pathogenesis. (umontreal.ca)
Sites1
- It begins with growth from 5 primary ossification centers meeting to form 6 main suture sites. (medscape.com)
Normal growth2
- While the molding function of sutures may be questioned, normal growth relies on their patency and appropriately timed closure. (medscape.com)
- Mean growth velocities (solid line) for males (top) and females (bottom) with achondroplasia compared to normal growth velocity curves. (medscape.com)
Patients2
- In most patients this deformity corrects spontaneously during rapid postnatal growth. (medscape.com)
- In addition to these basic issues concerning leukemia pathogenesis, we are devising new diagnostic procedures for detecting and monitoring leukemia patients based on molecular genetic abnormalities in the malignant cells. (stanford.edu)
Areas2
- During growth such chondronecrotic areas grow into the subchondral bone. (wikipedia.org)
- In areas where more than two ossification centers join, a fontanelle forms. (medscape.com)
Essential1
- IHH is essential in skeletogenesis, osteoblastogenesis and cartilage growth. (umontreal.ca)