• These pathogens are classified by the presence or absence of the Locus of Enterocyte Effacement (LEE) [ 3 ] LEE-positive strains can colonize the intestinal mucosa causing the attaching and effacing (A/E) lesion on the intestinal epithelium [ 3 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Bacterial pathogens must acquire iron in order to grow inside mammalian hosts. (bcm.edu)
  • In contrast, some bacterial pathogens (including Listeria monocytogenes and Shigella flexneri ) have mechanisms to escape from the phagosome and proliferate in the cytosol ( 13 ). (frontiersin.org)
  • Targeting of bacterial pathogens by the autophagy machinery is often mediated by ubiquitination, a posttranslational modification ( 16 , 17 ). (frontiersin.org)
  • Multidrug and carbapenem-resistant K. pneumoniae (CR- Kp ) are considered critical threats to global health and key traffickers of resistance genes to other pathogens. (biorxiv.org)
  • 8 , 9 Furthermore, the accelerating accumulation and transmission of antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs) among multidrug resistant (MDR) pathogens pose major difficulties in treating infections. (researchsquare.com)
  • At present it is assumed that the relationship between an individual's susceptibility and bacterial virulence determines the balance between tolerance of invading pathogens and the mounting of an immune response, which in turn dictates the course of infection and subsequent recurrence. (ncl.ac.uk)
  • During my career I have gained valuable experience working with a range of bacterial pathogens. (ncl.ac.uk)
  • Targeting of novel essential pathways is expected to play an important role in the discovery of new antibacterial agents against bacterial pathogens, such as Pseudomonas aeruginosa , that are difficult to control because of their ability to develop resistance, often multiple, to all current classes of clinical antibiotics. (biomedcentral.com)
  • These findings are in stark contrast with the reported heterogeneity of the species as a whole, as wells as to other bacterial pathogens mediating OM and COPD, providing important insight into M. catarrhalis pathogenesis that will aid in the development of novel therapeutic regimens. (biomedcentral.com)
  • IMPORTANCE The opportunistic human pathogen Staphylococcus aureus uses an array of protein sensing systems called two-component systems (TCS) to sense environmental signals and adapt its physiology in response by regulating different genes. (bvsalud.org)
  • Our primary model system is the human bacterial pathogen Haemophilus influenzae , an important agent of ear infections (otitis media) in children, as well as lung infections associated with chronic respiratory conditions. (drexel.edu)
  • Klebsiella pneumoniae is a gram negative bacteria and an opportunistic pathogen. (scirp.org)
  • B. anthracis is an excellent model pathogen to study bacterial pathogenesis. (bcm.edu)
  • In this case, ubiquitinated substrates (such as bacterial components or damaged membrane) are recognized by autophagy receptors, including p62 and NDP52, which direct formation of the autophagic membrane around the targeted pathogen ( 18 - 20 ). (frontiersin.org)
  • Finally, we transferred the disaggregated PtoDC3000 effector arsenal into Pseudomonas fluorescens and show that their cooperative action was sufficient to convert this rhizosphere-inhabiting beneficial bacterium into a phyllosphere pathogen. (nature.com)
  • Strain Dependent Genetic Networks for Antibiotic-Sensitivity in a Bacterial Pathogen with a Large Pan-Genome. (cdc.gov)
  • We have studied how bacterial species such as the pathogen Salmonella enterica maintain a discrete number of flagellar per cell during cell growth and division. (ncl.ac.uk)
  • The presence of these genes provides insights into the interactions of this pathogen with its gramineous host. (inra.fr)
  • Chlamydia trachomatis is an obligate intracellular human pathogen that exhibits stage-specific gene transcription throughout a biphasic developmental cycle. (plos.org)
  • RNL mutants that cannot sustain this pattern of gene expression are unable to prevent disease spread beyond localized infection sites, suggesting that this pattern corresponds to a pathogen containment mechanism. (nsf.gov)
  • Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) is the most common bacterial infection, and it poses a challenge to the healthcare system due to its significant ability to develop resistance toward current available therapies. (bvsalud.org)
  • We have used this method to map an operon involved in intracellular invasion of airway epithelial cells, a trait with implications for chronic infection, bacterial persistence, and trafficking of cells to different body sites. (drexel.edu)
  • The capability of bacteria to adhere and cause infection is associated with the expression of specific outer membrane proteins [ 14 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Gene expression data from mice with low-dose whipworm infection provide a detailed description of a regulated T H 1-like immune response to the infected cecum that is not limited to the immediate site of infection. (nature.com)
  • Broadly speaking, bacterial pathogenesis refers to the study of the origin and progression of a disease which results from infection by bacteria. (bcm.edu)
  • The study of macrophage-microbe interplay is thus crucial for understanding pathogenesis and infection control. (frontiersin.org)
  • Here, we discuss the latest developments using zebrafish models of bacterial and fungal infection. (frontiersin.org)
  • We also observe considerable overlap between susceptibility loci for IBD and mycobacterial infection. (bioseek.eu)
  • 2017). The genetic variation in the HLA region has also been shown to alter the normal innate as well as acquire defense systems towards the bacterial infection (Pearce et al. (pronursingtutors.com)
  • The production of pus arises from the release of inflammatory cells in response to the infection to fight the bacteria. (pronursingtutors.com)
  • Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are a common bacterial infection with symptoms that include urinary frequency, urgency to void, dysuria and abdominal pain. (ncl.ac.uk)
  • infection of these two bacteria in strikingly different types of As additional genome sequences become available for other ticks provide examples of possible adaptations for their trans- pathogenic and free-living spirochetes, comparisons of their mission. (cdc.gov)
  • Neisseria gonorrhoeae , a Gram-negative bacterium, causes gonorrhea, the most common bacterial sexually transmitted infection (STIs), causing more than 106 million cases per year globally ( World Health Organization (WHO), 2012 ). (peerj.com)
  • Chlamydia trachomatis is the leading cause of both bacterial sexually transmitted infection and infection-derived blindness world-wide. (plos.org)
  • Together with RNLs, SADR1 regulates defense gene expression at infection site borders, likely in a non-cell autonomous manner. (nsf.gov)
  • We identified and characterized 53 STEC strains with ExPEC-associated virulence genes isolated in Italy and the Netherlands during 2000-2019. (cdc.gov)
  • 1 consists of strains belonging to various sequence types, some of which lack the pO157 plasmid, the locus of enterocyte effacement, and the antimicrobial resistance-encoding region. (cdc.gov)
  • Our results showed that STEC strains harboring ExPEC-associated virulence genes can include multiple serotypes and that the pR444_A plasmid can be acquired and mobilized by STEC strains. (cdc.gov)
  • Many HUS-associated STEC strains possess a chromosomal pathogenicity island, defined as the locus of enterocyte effacement (LEE), which is associated with the attaching and effacing lesions ( 8 ) described in enteropathogenic E. coli ( 9 ), or possess the genetic machinery conferring the enteroaggregative pattern of adhesion to the enterocyte described in enteroaggregative E. coli ( 10 , 11 ). (cdc.gov)
  • Other STEC strains harbor colonization factors of enterotoxigenic E. coli ( 12 , 13 ) and genes encoding virulence features associated with extraintestinal pathogenic E. coli (ExPEC) ( 14 , 15 ). (cdc.gov)
  • Virulence genes increase the pathogenicity of STEC strains. (cdc.gov)
  • For example, the strains associated with HUS are characterized by specific subtypes of the stx 2 gene, mainly stx 2a , stx 2c , and stx 2d ( 24 ). (cdc.gov)
  • STEC O80 strains possess virulence genes carried by mobile genetic elements associated with intestinal and extraintestinal pathogenic E. coli ( 14 ). (cdc.gov)
  • The capability to adhere to epithelial cells is a key virulence trait, and genes codified in LAA pathogenicity island could be involved in the adhesion during the pathogenesis of LAA-positive STEC strains. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Thus, our objectives were to compare hes -negative and hes -positive STEC strains in their adherence capability to epithelial cells (HEp-2) and to evaluate the expression levels of the hes , iha , and tpsA in the bacteria adhered and non-adhered to HEp-2 cells. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Therefore, the results of this study suggest that LAA ,the most prevalent PAI among LEE-negative STEC strains, plays a role in pathogenesis. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Genes codified in LAA could be involved in the adhesion during the pathogenesis of LAA-positive STEC strains, and little is known about the specific virulence factors that contribute to these pathogeneses. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Methods Bacterial strains and culture conditions Bacterial strains are listed in Table 3. (mirnaarray.com)
  • In an age where the remarkable adaptive and replicative ability of bacteria has lead to the rise of strains resistant to conventional antibiotics, modern medicine is faced with the challenge of discovering and validating new targets for drug development. (bcm.edu)
  • We disaggregated the 36 type III effectors of the phytopathogenic bacterium Pseudomonas syringae strain PtoDC3000 into a 'metaclone' of 36 coisogenic strains, each carrying a single effector in an effectorless background. (nature.com)
  • In total, we found eight completely novel deletions/insertions in the IgG-binding region of the spa-gene plus one deletion that has been reported before [14], in 6110 community and inpatient S. aureus strains from Oxfordshire (Figure 3). (cftrpathway.com)
  • However, only the hly, cnf, pap and iroN genes occurred significantly Selleck PD 332991 more frequently when comparing the strains from pregnant women (48) with those from nonpregnant women (38) (Table 2). (proteasomesignaling.com)
  • High levels of recombination could confound studies of the gonococcal populations, especially if the studies are based on few genetic loci within strains as compared to the entire genomes. (peerj.com)
  • 3. How do bacterial genomes change during the course of chronic infections? (drexel.edu)
  • In several ongoing collaborations, we are investigating how the genomes of bacteria isolated from patients with chronic infections change over time. (drexel.edu)
  • The availability of hundreds of bacterial genomes allowed a comparative genomic study of the Type VI Secretion System (T6SS), recently discovered as being involved in pathogenesis. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Our findings emphasize the importance of sORFs present in the genomes of pathogenic bacteria and underscore the utility of ribosome profiling for identifying the bacterial translatome. (biomed.news)
  • genomes may elucidate genes that are unique to those species of spirochetes associated with ticks. (cdc.gov)
  • campestris (Xcc) genomes, but 245 genes apparently specific to Xoo were identified. (inra.fr)
  • The genes encoding T6SS have been reported a few years ago as being present in different bacterial species, although it was not clear at that time whether those genes act together or are important in bacteria-host interactions [ 7 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Recent reports demonstrated the importance of T6SS in pathogenesis of several bacterial species. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The gut microbiota, which has a complex community of a hundred trillion bacterial and archaeal cells comprising more than a thousand species, provides benefits to the host such as short-chain fatty acids (SCFA) and amino acids, metabolism of undigested carbohydrate, and stimulation of the immune system [ 19 , 20 ]. (springer.com)
  • Substances with DNA intercalating properties, gyrase inhibiting effects and selections against phenotypes associated with the plasmid were successfully employed in different bacterial species and plasmids [rev. (springeropen.com)
  • The human intestinal microbiota is home to more than 1,000 bacterial species, containing approximately 3 million genes, many of which code for functions that have the potential to affect human physiology.1 Smaller numbers of organisms are also present in the skin, upper gastrointestinal tract, female reproductive tract and the oro- and nasopharynx. (the-rheumatologist.org)
  • A significant number of bacterial species encode multiple copies of the filament building block - flagellin. (ncl.ac.uk)
  • We complement our study on flagellar abundance with research to understanding how a filament is assembled from multiple flagellins, a trait maintained by many bacterial species. (ncl.ac.uk)
  • The HLA complex is the human version of the major histocompatibility complex (MHC), a gene family that occurs in many species. (medlineplus.gov)
  • and 16 were "novel" essential genes with no homologs reported to have an essential role in other bacterial species. (biomedcentral.com)
  • These findings are consistent with the distributed genome hypothesis (DGH), which posits that the species genome possesses a far greater number of genes than any single isolate. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The long-term goal of this research is to apply statistical genomic approaches developed by human geneticists to the identification of bacterial virulence factors that contribute to disease in natural populations. (drexel.edu)
  • We are applying a variety of genomic methods to identifying putative virulence genes, including machine learning and phylogenetic correlated evolution methods. (drexel.edu)
  • Dissecting the bacterial type VI secretion system by a genome wide in silico analysis: what can be learned from available microbial genomic resources? (biomedcentral.com)
  • Based on their genomic organization, the transcription of these loci is likely driven from the promoter upstream of BPSS1512 tssM. (mirnaarray.com)
  • Although genomic and transcriptomic studies of S. pneumoniae have provided detailed perspectives on gene content and expression programs, they have lacked information pertaining to the translational landscape, particularly at a resolution that identifies commonly overlooked small open reading frames (sORFs), whose importance is increasingly realized in metabolism, regulation, and virulence. (biomed.news)
  • Using genomics to investigate the mechanism, consequences and evolution of genetic recombination, especially in pathogenic bacteria. (drexel.edu)
  • Phylogenetic reconstruction based on the core genes showed that lateral transfer of the T6SS is probably its major way of dissemination among pathogenic and non-pathogenic bacteria. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The core of T6SS is composed of 13 proteins, conserved in both pathogenic and non-pathogenic bacteria. (biomedcentral.com)
  • 10 The virulence gene has become a significant marker of pathogenic bacteria. (researchsquare.com)
  • Co-located quantitative trait loci for resistance to Agrobacterium tumefaciens, Phytophthora cinnamomi, and P. pini in Juglans microcarpa × J. regia hybrid rootstock. (usda.gov)
  • 10% transformation frequency), which reside in genes undergoing strong diversifying selection that encode large membrane proteins, likely as an immune invasion tactic. (drexel.edu)
  • In addition to Vgr and Hcp proteins, the actual hallmark of this novel system is the presence of an AAA+ Clp-like ATPase and of two additional genes icmF and dotU , encoding homologs of T4SS stabilising proteins [ 10 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • TPS systems are TpsA for translocated proteins to the bacterial surface and TpsB for the transporter proteins. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Ba-IsdC is anchored to the cell wall by sortase (SrtB), a ubiquitous family of transpeptidases in Gram-positive bacteria which covalently append surface proteins to the peptidoglycan. (bcm.edu)
  • These data suggest that tuberin and OGG1 are important proteins in the pathogenesis of angiomyolipoma in TSC patients. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The HLA complex helps the immune system distinguish the body's own proteins from proteins made by foreign invaders such as viruses and bacteria. (medlineplus.gov)
  • MHC class II genes provide instructions for making proteins that are present on the surface of certain immune system cells. (medlineplus.gov)
  • For Arabidopsis roots, protein extraction by beating whole roots with small beads provided the greatest number of identified microbial proteins and improved the identification of proteins from gram-positive bacteria. (nsf.gov)
  • STEC O80:H2 harbors the mosaic plasmid pR444_A, which combines several virulence genes, including hlyF and antimicrobial resistance genes. (cdc.gov)
  • Cancer immunotherapy targeting programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) enhances T-cell activity and is emerging for the treatment of certain viral infections, while its potential against bacterial infections remains elusive. (bvsalud.org)
  • In 2020, experts proposed a new approach to categorizing STEC infections on the basis of virulence genes ( 24 ). (cdc.gov)
  • The bacteria accounts for a great majority of hospital associated infections in neonates, immunocompromised patients, patients undergoing respiratory therapies and patients hospitalized in urology and burn wards. (scirp.org)
  • Since many of these virulence systems are similar in the mechanism of action to those of bacteria which cause more common infections, knowledge garnered herein is applicable to their understanding as well. (bcm.edu)
  • Use of bacterial whole-genome sequencing to understand and improve the management of invasive Staphylococcus aureus infections. (cdc.gov)
  • The flagellar filament is a major antigen recognized by hosts during bacterial infections. (ncl.ac.uk)
  • Other genetic and environmental factors, for example certain bacterial and viral infections, also affect the chances of developing this disorder. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Despite the heterogeneity in the pathogenesis of immune defects, common cutaneous manifestations and typical infections can provide clinical clues in diagnosing this pediatric emergency. (medscape.com)
  • The Aa is also known as Haemophillus actimycetemcomitans, and is also responsible for a series of systemic infections, including the bacterial endocarditis, the brain and skin abscesses and the urinary tract 39,47,48 . (bvsalud.org)
  • The data suggest that the mucoid phenotype could be associated with extrachromsomal element(s) carrying resistance genes to antibiotics and that these extrachromosomal elements may not harbour resistance determinants to chloramphenicol. (scirp.org)
  • For example, insertions led to the acquisition of antibiotic resistance genes in the virulence plasmid of the serovar Typhimurium, thus making it not only a virulence determinant, but also the source a multi-drug resistance phenotype (Herrero-Fresno et al. (springeropen.com)
  • Despite impressive advances in RA pathogenesis, diagnostics, and therapeutics, the etiology of this disease remains elusive. (the-rheumatologist.org)
  • The main etiologic agent associated with LAP etiology and pathogenesis is the Actinobacillus act inomycetemcomitans (Aggregat ibacter actinomycetemcomitans) (Aa). (bvsalud.org)
  • We have generated high-resolution genome-wide maps of transformation, finding massive variation in rates at different chromosomal loci. (drexel.edu)
  • We resolve chromosomal sequences and infer sex chromosome-specific parasite genes and new potential drug targets. (nature.com)
  • M. catarrhalis gene content and chromosomal organization data, although supportive of the DGH, show modest overall genic diversity. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Background Transcription from the gene is induced subsequent adherence from the bacterium to gastric epithelial cellular material pathogenesis. (careersfromscience.org)
  • The hereditary locus was determined using an experimental technique predicated on the hypothesis that adherence of to gastric epithelial cellular SC-26196 manufacture material may cause the manifestation of genes linked to virulence or pathogenesis [10]. (careersfromscience.org)
  • Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a highly adaptable bacterium that thrives in a broad range of ecological niches. (biomedcentral.com)
  • We have developed a novel method for mapping genes in bacteria, exploiting natural transformation in combination with genome-wide deep sequencing. (drexel.edu)
  • Selection for recombinants that acquired the trait, followed by genome-wide profiling of donor-specific allele frequencies, we can rapidly identify the relevant genes. (drexel.edu)
  • Genome-wide association studies and subsequent meta-analyses of these two diseases as separate phenotypes have implicated previously unsuspected mechanisms, such as autophagy, in their pathogenesis and showed that some IBD loci are shared with other inflammatory diseases. (bioseek.eu)
  • We identify 71 new associations, for a total of 163 IBD loci, that meet genome-wide significance thresholds. (bioseek.eu)
  • Our analysis includes the antimicrobial resistance profiles, the molecular characterization of the mechanisms of resistance to fluoroquinolones, virulence gene profiles and the molecular characterization of S. dysenteriae isolates by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) and multilocus sequence typing (MLST). (researchsquare.com)
  • The discovery of novel essential genes or pathways that have not yet been targeted by clinical antibiotics can underlie the development of alternative effective antibacterials to overcome existing mechanisms of resistance. (biomedcentral.com)
  • My expertise utilise bacterial genetics to study fundamental aspects of the bacterial life cycle and host-microbe interactions. (ncl.ac.uk)
  • Through CpxA, both serotonin and indole decrease expression of the locus of enterocyte effacement (LEE) in EHEC, which encodes a type three secretion system (T3SS), effectors and an adhesin necessary for EHEC to form lesions on enterocytes leading to intestinal disease. (grantome.com)
  • It contains a hydrogenase that can produce energy by oxidizing molecular hydrogen (H2) made by intestinal bacteria. (wikipedia.org)
  • The bacterially produced tryptophan derivative indole is known to influence intestinal barrier function, and has also been shown to regulate virulence gene expression in EHEC. (grantome.com)
  • A new study suggests that intestinal expansion of Prevotella copri may be associated with the pathogenesis of RA. (the-rheumatologist.org)
  • At least two specific combinations of HLA gene variants (HLA haplotypes) have been found to increase the risk of developing celiac disease, a disorder in which inflammation damages the intestinal tract and other organs and tissues. (medlineplus.gov)
  • We found that WalKR is a master regulator of cell growth, coordinating the expression of genes from multiple, fundamental S. aureus cellular processes, including those involved in maintaining cell wall metabolism, protein biosynthesis, nucleotide metabolism, and the initiation of DNA replication. (bvsalud.org)
  • infected bacteria then produce the protein ( 7 ). (cdc.gov)
  • The ExPEC-associated virulence genes code for aerobactin (encoded by iucC ), salmochelin ( iroN ), serum resistance protein ( iss ), a putative secretion system I ( etsABC ), omptin ( ompT ), hemolysin ( hlyF ), and bacteriocins ( cia and cva ) ( 14 , 15 ). (cdc.gov)
  • The annotation of the full genome sequence revealed the absence of genes encoding for a non-flagellar type 3 protein secretion system (NF-T3SS). (assignster.com)
  • My laboratory uses, bacterial genetics, protein biochemistry, structural biology, bioinformatics and microscopic techniques to validate our genetic findings. (ncl.ac.uk)
  • TSC-2 gene encodes tuberin, a protein involved in the pathogenesis of kidney tumors, both angiomyolipomas and renal cell carcinomas. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The TSC2 gene product (tuberin) is a tumor suppressor protein whose absence or inactivation is associated with several defects such as abnormal cellular migration, proliferation, and differentiation [ 6 , 7 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The HLA-DQB1 gene provides instructions for making a protein that plays a critical role in the immune system. (medlineplus.gov)
  • The protein produced from the HLA-DQB1 gene attaches (binds) to the protein produced from another MHC class II gene, HLA-DQA1 . (medlineplus.gov)
  • One of these haplotypes, known as DQ2, is composed of the protein produced from HLA-DQB1 gene variants known as HLA-DQB1*02:01 or HLA-DQB1*02:02 bound to the protein produced from HLA-DQA1 gene variants known as HLA-DQA1*05:01 or HLA-DQA1*05:05 . (medlineplus.gov)
  • The other haplotype, known as DQ8, is composed of the protein produced from the HLA-DQB1 gene variant known as HLA-DQB1*03:02 bound to the protein produced from HLA-DQA1 gene variants known as HLA-DQA1*03:01 or HLA-DQA1*03:02 . (medlineplus.gov)
  • The protocol involves insertion of an I- Sec I restriction site linked to an antibiotic resistance gene into the target plasmid using λ-Red mutagenesis, followed by the transformation with a temperature-sensitive auxiliary plasmid which carries I- Sec I nuclease expressed from a tetracycline-inducible promoter. (springeropen.com)
  • Different methods were developed to cure bacteria of their virulence plasmids, they involve heat or chemical treatments to exclude the plasmid from the cell. (springeropen.com)
  • S. dysenteriae possesses diverse virulence genes, located on both the chromosome and/or the plasmid. (researchsquare.com)
  • This pathway, called "natural transformation," is a major mechanism of gene transfer across bacteria and has a profound effect on genome evolution, including spreading antibiotic resistances and other virulence determinants. (drexel.edu)
  • BsaN orchestrates the temporal and spatial expression of virulence determinants during progression through the intracellular lifecycle, EPZ5676 mw promoting endosome escape and possibly evasion of autophagy through activation of T3SS3 effector loci, facilitating cell-cell spread by activation of T6SS1 and the bim intracellular motility loci, and suppressing cellular immunity via the action of the TssM ubiquitin hydrolase. (mirnaarray.com)
  • However, this work also revealed that WalR directly regulates at least five essential genes involved in lipoteichoic acid synthesis (ltaS): translation (rplK), DNA compaction (hup), initiation of DNA replication (dnaA, hup) and purine nucleotide metabolism (prs). (bvsalud.org)
  • Newer work is using the same approach to map the genes responsible for natural variation in other pathogenesis traits, including resistance to human complement-mediated killing, as well as investigating the possibility of identifying genes involved in in vivo pathogenesis in an animal model of otitis media. (drexel.edu)
  • Falkow, S. Molecular Koch's postulates applied to bacterial pathogenicity-a personal recollection 15 years later. (nature.com)
  • The flagellum is a unique molecular machine driving bacterial movement through liquid environments. (ncl.ac.uk)
  • Our research focuses on the fundamental understanding of how bacteria regulate flagellar assembly, how a cell coordinates the assembly of unrelated molecular machines and how hosts recognise this important antigen. (ncl.ac.uk)
  • The clinical entity appears to be a result of molecular mimicry by the bacteria, plus autoimmune and inflammatory responses and genetic predisposition in the host. (medscape.com)
  • Bacterial groups which changed in IBD patients were found to be groups which do not co-exist well with common commensal gut bacteria, whereas bacterial groups which did not change in patients with IBD were found to commonly co-exist with commensal gut microbiota. (springer.com)
  • This review discusses research aimed at understanding the role of gut microbiota in the pathogenesis of obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus (TDM2). (frontiersin.org)
  • This review discusses the research conducted in understanding the role of gut microbiota in the pathogenesis of obesity and TDM2. (frontiersin.org)
  • In addition we will address important areas of modern epidemiology such as the influence of early life factors on adult health and disease, but also the importance of the gene-diet-microbiota interaction for body function and health. (lu.se)
  • This enables us to identify candidate genes underlying glucosinolate diversity, trichome density, and study the genetics of biochemical variation for glucosinolate and saponins. (pacb.com)
  • Streptococcus group A bacteria causes this health problem and is often associated with genetics (Zupin et al. (pronursingtutors.com)
  • Whether these phenotype and resistances that had no fitness cost to the bacterium could significantly affect the virulence of the bacteria in vivo remains to be investigated. (scirp.org)
  • The human gastrointestinal (GI) tract is inhabited by trillions of commensal bacteria that play crucial roles in human physiology. (grantome.com)
  • We have uncovered a cell wall-based heme acquisition system in B. anthracis with similarities to the iron-regulated surface determinant (Isd) locus in S. aureus. (bcm.edu)
  • In addition, the prevalence of the PMQR determinant genes was also investigated. (researchsquare.com)
  • By mapping IBD-altered bacterial families to the network, we show that the bacterial families which exhibit an increased abundance in IBD conditions are not well connected to other groups, implying that these families generally do not coexist together with common gut organisms. (springer.com)
  • In this study, using faecal samples from patients with IBD, we show through diversity analysis of the microbial community structure based on the 16S rRNA gene that the gut microbiome of IBD patients is less diverse compared to healthy individuals. (springer.com)
  • Moreover, these IBD-associated loci are mostly involved with immune system deregulation, a process which the gut microbiome has also been implicated in [ 18 ]. (springer.com)
  • This may represent a gene-environment [microbiome] interaction that needs further investigation. (the-rheumatologist.org)
  • Many IBD loci are also implicated in other immune-mediated disorders, most notably with ankylosing spondylitis and psoriasis. (bioseek.eu)
  • The invasion of the body with Streptococcus group A bacteria stimulates immune response that is characterized by the secretion of pus as well as reddening and inflammation of the tonsils. (pronursingtutors.com)
  • If the immune system recognizes the peptides as foreign (such as viral or bacterial peptides), it triggers a response to attack the invading viruses or bacteria. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Each MHC class II gene has many possible variations, allowing the immune system to react to a wide range of foreign invaders. (medlineplus.gov)
  • With the advances in BMT and gene therapy, patients now have a better likelihood of developing a functional immune system in a previously lethal genetic disease. (medscape.com)
  • Whole-genome transposon-mutagenesis (TM) followed by identification of insertion sites is one of the most practical and frequently used experimental approaches to screen for essential bacterial genes [ 6 - 8 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In addition, the Shigella enterotoxin genes set1A, set1B ( ShET-1 ), sen ( SHET-2 ) and Shiga toxin gene stx were also reported to be responsible for initial watery diarrhea. (researchsquare.com)
  • The product of the recently discovered ybfF gene, which belongs to the esterase family, does not show high sequence similarity to other esterases. (inra.fr)
  • Xoo genes likely to be associated with pathogenesis include eight with similarity to Xanthomonas avirulence (avr) genes, a set of hypersensitive reaction and pathogenicity (hrp) genes, genes for exopolysaccharide production, and genes encoding extracellular plant cell wall-degrading enzymes. (inra.fr)
  • BsaN also suppresses other loci that are potentially counterproductive following intracellular localization, such as the fla1 flagellar motility and chemotaxis locus, which could lead to activation of cellular immunity pathways through PAMP recognition. (mirnaarray.com)
  • This study also identified 43 growth-impairing inserts carrying multiple loci targeting 105 genes, of which 25 have homologs reported as essential in other bacteria. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Genes encoded in LAA contribute to the adhesion phenotype though the expression of STEC adhesins is a coordinated event that depends not only the strain but also on the environment as well as its genetic background. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The contribution of the mucoid phenotype to pathogenesis has been demonstrated in several models: in general, the mucoid isolates are more resistant to phagocytosis, less sensitive to serum killing and more virulent in animal studies. (scirp.org)
  • We are now using advanced optical mapping technology to reproduce these maps in the absence of genetic variation, in order to disentangle the role of chromosome structure from the potential for genetic incompatibilities ("speciation genes") skewing our results. (drexel.edu)
  • Previous research has shown that DNA methylation can drive speciation and modulate virulence in bacteria, but the impact of epigenetic modifications on the diversification and pathogenesis of R. solanacearum is unknown. (pacb.com)
  • However, it is unclear how these IBD-affected bacterial groups are related to other common bacteria in the gut, and how they are connected across different disease conditions at the global scale. (springer.com)
  • It has been reported that a large percentage (~ 30%) of these loci are common between CD and UC, showing involvement of common biological processes in both conditions [ 14 , 17 ]. (springer.com)
  • NAFLD is part of a complex system of mental and non-communicable somatic disorders with a common pathogenesis, based on shared lifestyle and environmental risks, mediated by dysregulation of inflammation, oxidative stress pathways, and mitochondrial function. (biomedcentral.com)
  • However, these variations are very common in the general population, and only a small percentage of people with particular variations in HLA genes develop narcolepsy. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Furthemore, M. catarrhalis is the second most common bacterial cause of exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) after H. influenzae [ 10 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Representative σ 66 -dependent gene transcription was repressed in the absence of rsbV1 or upon increased expression of RsbW, and increased upon elevated expression of RsbV1. (plos.org)
  • Accordingly, the specific aims of this application are: 1) In vitro mechanistic studies on virulence gene regulation by tryptophan derivatives. (grantome.com)
  • We identified the bacterial membrane bound histidine sensor kinase (HK) CpxA as a sensor of serotonin and indole. (grantome.com)
  • Gene co-expression network analysis emphasizes this relationship, with pathways shared between host responses to mycobacteria and those predisposing to IBD. (bioseek.eu)
  • The approach exploits natural competence to generate complex pools of recombinants between a donor carrying a pathogenesis trait of interest and an avirulent recipient. (drexel.edu)