AnatomyDiseasesChemicals and DrugsAnalytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and EquipmentPhenomena and ProcessesHealth CareGeographicals
OzoneOxidants, PhotochemicalAir PollutantsOzone DepletionAir PollutionAtmosphereNitrogen DioxideEnvironmental MonitoringChlorine CompoundsSmogEnvironmental ExposureParticulate MatterInhalation ExposureSulfur DioxideStratospheric OzoneChlorofluorocarbonsIndigo CarmineLungPentanesSeasonsDisinfectionCitiesDisinfectantsWeatherBronchoalveolar Lavage FluidAir MovementsRespiratory Tract Diseases
Levels of ozonePollutantsPrecursorsDepletionPollutionSulfur dioxideStratosphereChlorine1997ConcentrationLayerTropospheric2019GeneratorsParticulate matterTotal column ozoneAntarctica2002EmissionsExposureUltraviolet radiation2000Earth'sConcentrationsNaturallyAtmospheric2020NAAQSPollutantSecretariatClimateSmogDobson UnitsRadiationImpactsAntarctic1979HemisphereReactorDestroyMeteorological conditionsAmbient19891985HoleAtmosphereHarmfulChemical reactionsEfficiency
Levels of ozone5
  • Members of Citizens United for Responsible Energy Development have said if noncompliance rates are extended across the 3,935 facilities in the area regulated by air quality permits, there could be 1,000 well sites emitting unacceptable levels of ozone precursors like volatile organic compounds and nitrogen oxide. (wyofile.com)
  • High ozone shock treatment involves using an ozone generator with a timer to create lethal levels of ozone in an enclosed odour ridden or mold-affected room or building for a short period of time, between one and several hours. (wikipedia.org)
  • Exposure to high levels of ozone kills living organisms and weakens odours. (wikipedia.org)
  • Critics point to a 1997 study which found exposure to high levels of ozone ineffective at mold decontamination, and to the lack of studies showing high ozone shock treatment to be effective. (wikipedia.org)
  • EEI asked for more 'relief mechanisms' to address background levels of ozone, as well as more guidance on how to handle permitting under the tighter standard. (eenews.net)
Pollutants4
  • The unique thing about ozone compared to other ambient air pollutants is that it spreads far and wide. (huffpost.com)
  • And in 1977, the Congress established CASAC to provide "independent" advice to EPA on the setting of national standards for pollutants like ozone. (globalwarming.org)
  • It is known that the lungs are the main target of attack of air pollutants, among which the primary are particulate matter (PM 10 ), sulfur dioxide (SO 2 ) and ozone (O 3 ). (bvsalud.org)
  • Among respiratory diseases, bronchial asthma, one of the most common chronic diseases of childhood, has been linked to exposure to environmental pollutants in many parts of the world 3-6 . (bvsalud.org)
Precursors4
  • Those combine to turn oilfield emissions, known as ozone precursors, into ground-level ozone pollution. (wyofile.com)
  • How do different sectors and processes contribute to emissions of ozone precursors? (europa.eu)
  • For references , please go to https://www.eea.europa.eu/data-and-maps/figures/sector-split-of-emissions-of-ozone-precursors-eu-10 or scan the QR code. (europa.eu)
  • The lower the agency sets a new standard, the more it will increase permitting costs and delays while also requiring further regulation of the interstate ozone precursors from all sources,' the handout says. (eenews.net)
Depletion6
Pollution7
  • BOULDER - An "extraordinary winter" contributed to 2019 ozone pollution in the upper Green River Basin, Gov. Mark Gordon said as he supported regulators who cited a gas-field operator for allegedly violating air quality permits. (wyofile.com)
  • A monitor there showed ozone pollution violated federal Clean Air Act standards nine times this winter. (wyofile.com)
  • The scientists were part of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's Clean Air Scientific Advisory Committee (CASAC), a group of air quality and health experts selected to advise the agency on air pollution standards. (huffpost.com)
  • This means that even if the whole country met a standard of 70 ppb, we would still observe health impacts from ozone pollution. (huffpost.com)
  • But ozone pollution is coming between plant and pollinator, according to a new study. (inhabitat.com)
  • Within plant tissues, ozone pollution could decrease the number of nutrients that are essential to insects, increase the abundance of chemicals that are harmful to insects ingesting them and degrade the overall quality of plant tissues," said Agathokleous. (inhabitat.com)
  • In light of this inherent contradiction between the directives of the Clean Air Act and the physical realities of ozone pollution, courts are put in an unenviable position when they try to determine whether the agency's ozone NAAQS adheres to the statute. (globalwarming.org)
Sulfur dioxide1
  • Kuhn noted in his statement that the electric power sector has already made 'great progress' reducing nitrogen oxides - a key component of ozone - as well as sulfur dioxide over the last two decades. (eenews.net)
Stratosphere9
  • As their name suggests, the release of ozone depleting substances into our atmosphere reduces the amount of ozone in Earth's stratosphere. (www.csiro.au)
  • It is part of a zone called the stratosphere, and absorbs ultraviolet light. (newscientist.com)
  • and the standard version of WACCM, which underestimates polar temperatures in the lower stratosphere, simulates unrealistically low ozone column amounts in Antarctic spring. (confex.com)
  • The ozone hole above Antarctica , where the sun's harmful ultraviolet (UV) rays bust through an otherwise sunscreened stratosphere, has shrunk to its smallest size on record going back to 1982, scientists have found. (livescience.com)
  • When temperatures over Antarctica start to warm up, the polar clouds in the stratosphere dissipate, meaning that there's no place for those ozone-annihilating chemical reactions to take place. (livescience.com)
  • I study the air in the stratosphere and the upper part of the troposphere. (lu.se)
  • Above that, at 15-50 kilometres above sea level, we have the stratosphere, which includes the ozone layer that, amongst other things, protects Earth from ultraviolet radiation (UV radiation). (lu.se)
  • In the stratosphere, the aerosol particles affect the ozone, causing it to break down and making the protective layer thinner. (lu.se)
  • Large ozone holes form over Antarctica because the stratosphere over the polar region is very cold in winter. (lu.se)
Chlorine6
  • Water used for these industries must be free of pathogens, and chemicals such as chlorine and ozone. (onlinewaterparts.com)
  • This chemical change means "you end up having chlorine from CFCs converted from forms that don't deplete ozone into forms that do", explains Harris. (newscientist.com)
  • The chemical breakdown of ozone by the active chlorine form is triggered as sunlight starts to penetrate the polar region in spring. (newscientist.com)
  • The reduction in the atmospheric concentration of trichlorofluoromethane (CFC-11) has made the second-largest contribution to the decline in the total atmospheric concentration of ozone-depleting chlorine since the 1990s 1 . (nature.com)
  • Injecting ozone gas in every 1 liter tap water for 2 minutes, can to remove the residual chlorine, taste and heavy metals in water, and up to the level of clean and cleanion. (ozonegeneratorsupplier.com)
  • The ozone-busting chlorine gas mainly comes from chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) that were manufactured until the U.S. ban beginning in 1996. (livescience.com)
19971
Concentration9
  • The damage was so severe that by the 1990s, the concentration of ozone over Antarctica was dropping to less than half the minimum level observed prior to 1979. (www.csiro.au)
  • Scientists use the term hole to describe the area in which the concentration of ozone drops below the historical threshold of 220 Dobson Units (DU). (www.csiro.au)
  • 1.Extremely low rate of ozone decay & high ozone concentration. (ozonegeneratorsupplier.com)
  • Ozone concentration can be around.30~86 Mg/L, which is much higher than conventional products. (ozonegeneratorsupplier.com)
  • Uniformity air gap between enamel coating internal electrode and stainless steel external electrode, it produces high concentration ozone output. (ozonegeneratorsupplier.com)
  • Water cooled for internal & external electrodes, effective prevent high temperature rising when the tube is discharging, for ensuring high ozone concentration output. (ozonegeneratorsupplier.com)
  • Once the ozone concentration fails to meet the hygiene and safety standard, we can notice with our sense of smell and dodge away or take actions to avoid further leakage. (ozonegeneratorsupplier.com)
  • After the Australian fires in 2019 and 2020, the concentration of ozone in the Southern Hemisphere fell and ozone holes formed outside the polar region. (lu.se)
  • Air quality data (daily concentration of ozone) are submitted by national authorities to AirBase annually. (who.int)
Layer24
  • Part of the good ozone layer is gone. (medlineplus.gov)
  • But Earth's ozone layer has been damaged by well-intentioned chemicals-chlorofluorocarbons, used for refrigerants and aerosol spray-cans-that have the unintended consequence of destroying ozone molecules. (nasa.gov)
  • In the late 1980s, governments around the world woke up to the destruction of the ozone layer and negotiated the Montreal Protocol, an international treaty to phase out ozone-depleting chemicals. (nasa.gov)
  • The treaty included a requirement that scientists regularly assess and report on the health of the ozone layer, particularly the annual Antarctic ozone hole . (nasa.gov)
  • that is, the days with the thinnest ozone layer as measured in Dobson Units (DU) . (nasa.gov)
  • The ozone layer outside the Polar Regions is projected to recover to its pre-1980 levels some time before the middle of this century. (nasa.gov)
  • that is, the days with the thinnest ozone layer. (nasa.gov)
  • NASA satellites have observed the Antarctic ozone hole since the late 1970s-before and after nations agreed to stop producing chemicals that destroy the ozone layer. (nasa.gov)
  • The same international agreement that successfully put the ozone layer on the road to recovery is now being used to address climate change. (nasa.gov)
  • Remember the hole in the ozone layer? (www.csiro.au)
  • We're guessing you've heard about the hole in Earth's ozone layer. (www.csiro.au)
  • This is a problem because the ozone layer acts like a sunscreen for Earth and all its inhabitants (i.e. you). (www.csiro.au)
  • Without an ozone layer, more ultra-violet (UV) radiation from the sun passes through our atmosphere. (www.csiro.au)
  • During the 1980s, scientists discovered that key ODSs known as chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) caused significant damage to the ozone layer. (www.csiro.au)
  • The seasonal hole in the Arctic ozone layer could be the worst ever this year if the current cold conditions persist, scientists are warning. (newscientist.com)
  • Temperatures in the Arctic ozone layer are now the coldest for 50 years and have been consistently low for two months. (newscientist.com)
  • The ozone layer blankets the Earth at an altitude between 15 to 30 kilometres. (newscientist.com)
  • European Union scientists said on Friday that if the exceptionally cold temperatures continue, and the persistent polar clouds - which alter the chemistry of the ozone layer - remain, then large ozone losses will be likely when spring sunlight returns in the coming weeks. (newscientist.com)
  • Handbook for the Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer , 9th edn (United Nations Environment Programme, 2012). (nature.com)
  • Typically, at this time of year, the hole in the ozone - a layer made up of molecules containing three oxygen atoms - grows to about 8 million square miles (20 million square kilometers), NASA said. (livescience.com)
  • If higher temperatures are good for the ozone layer, does that mean that hole will get even smaller as humans pump greenhouse gases like carbon dioxide into the atmosphere? (livescience.com)
  • He fears that the global increase in forest fires could have a significant impact on the ozone layer. (lu.se)
  • The combination of these two factors leads to holes in the ozone layer and more UV radiation reaching us," explains Johan Friberg. (lu.se)
  • A decreased ozone layer increases the amount of UVA and UVB reaching the earth's surface. (msdmanuals.com)
Tropospheric2
  • We review how climate change could affect future concentrations of tropospheric ozone and particulate matter (PM), and what changing concentrations could mean for population health. (nih.gov)
  • Given these uncertainties, projections suggest that climate change will increase concentrations of tropospheric ozone, at least in high-income countries when precursor emissions are held constant, which would increase morbidity and mortality. (nih.gov)
20191
Generators3
  • This Easy to install Ozone System replaces ozone generators in any @Home Spa through 2014. (easyspaparts.com)
  • 4.We have serial products: ozone tube ,UV water cleanrs, ozone generators, oxygen concentrators, protein skimmers, and filters, mixing pumps and other water or air treatment spare parts. (ozonegeneratorsupplier.com)
  • Although it is not explicitly marketed for reacting ozone in seawater, the resurgence of using ozone generators to reduce organics and clarify water might see some hypermiling reefers try to eek out extra efficiency in dissolving ozone before going into the protein skimmer. (reefbuilders.com)
Particulate matter1
  • The data of ambient levels of particulate matter, sulfur dioxideand ozone were obtained from the Company of Technology of Environmental Sanitation (CETESB) and temperature and humidity from the Foundation for Science, Technology and Space Applications (FUNCATE). (bvsalud.org)
Total column ozone3
  • In the present analysis daily total column ozone, surface temperature and surface pressure measured over Cochin using Microtop II Ozonometer (sun Photometer) were used to study the Intra-Seasonal Variations (ISV) of the above parameters during the monsoon season, 2015. (scirp.org)
  • It is found that for the year 2015 total column ozone, surface pressure and surface temperature show an annual range of 30 DU, 4 hPa and 1 ° C, respectively. (scirp.org)
  • The data measured by the satellite has been calibrated andpreprocessed into a ``Level 2'' data set of spatially and temporally irregular Total Column Ozone (TCO) measurements following the satellite's orbit. (lu.se)
Antarctica2
  • The Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI) on NASA’s Aura satellite acquired data for this map of ozone concentrations over Antarctica on September 12, 2010. (nasa.gov)
  • So, the ozone hole over Antarctica tends to be much bigger in the southern winter. (livescience.com)
20021
  • For the EU countries, ozone measurement is mandated under the Directive 2008/50/EC, and previously under Directive 2002/3/EC relating to ozone in ambient air (11). (who.int)
Emissions1
  • If improved models continue to project higher ozone concentrations with climate change, then reducing greenhouse gas emissions would enhance the health of current and future generations. (nih.gov)
Exposure4
  • For safety reasons, the affected area must be evacuated of people, animals and live plants for the duration of the exposure, and for a long enough period afterwards to allow the ozone to dissipate. (wikipedia.org)
  • Measurable concentrations of 1,1,1- trichloroethane (71556) and carbon-monoxide (630080) (CO) were found in both assembly areas, however, the values were below the OSHA exposure criteria of 350 and 50 parts per million, respectively. (cdc.gov)
  • You can use the AQI to plan your daily activities to reduce exposure to ozone. (cdc.gov)
  • Ozone monitoring is not conducted in most of the non-EU countries, which makes it difficult to assess exposure in that part of the Region. (who.int)
Ultraviolet radiation1
20004
  • The lowest value (deepest hole) ever recorded was 73 Dobson Units on September 30, 1994, while the broadest hole occurred on September 29, 2000, when the ozone-depleted area stretched 29.9 million square kilometers. (nasa.gov)
  • The researchers from the EU's SCOUT-03 project, which involves over 200 scientists from 19 countries, fear that the ozone hole could be bigger than that which followed the worst-ever winter of 1999-2000. (newscientist.com)
  • The meteorological conditions we are now witnessing resemble and even surpass the harsh conditions of the 1999-2000 winter - when the worst ozone loss to date was observed," says Neil Harris at the European Ozone Research Coordinating Unit at the University of Cambridge, UK. (newscientist.com)
  • Ozone data used for this analysis cover the years 2000-2011. (who.int)
Earth's1
Concentrations3
  • Under the Clean Air Act, EPA must establish, and periodically review, a national standard for ambient air concentrations of ground-level ozone at a level "requisite to protect public health" with an "adequate margin of safety. (globalwarming.org)
  • There is, in fact, no threshold at which ambient air concentrations of ozone ceases to have an effect on human health. (globalwarming.org)
  • To be sure, we're not talking about mortality (at least, not in the U.S.). Instead, there's evidence that ozone can be a non-mortal irritant to sensitive populations in rough proportion to air concentrations. (globalwarming.org)
Naturally3
  • Over 65% of the ozone was eaten away by manmade chemical products in that season, although ozone can naturally replenish itself. (newscientist.com)
  • About seven and a half miles above sea level, ozone naturally forms, protecting us from the sun's harmful rays. (inhabitat.com)
  • Ozone occurs naturally in the sky and helps protect us from the sun's harmful rays. (cdc.gov)
Atmospheric2
  • 1984. Kinetics and mechanisms of the gas-phase reactions of ozone with organic compounds under atmospheric conditions. (cdc.gov)
  • The satellite carried a TOMS instrument which provided global maps of atmospheric ozone. (lu.se)
20202
  • But as data on the 2020 ozone hole shows, the problem is not 'fixed' just yet. (www.csiro.au)
  • This means the amount of ozone lost during the 2020 ozone hole season was the second highest amount on record. (www.csiro.au)
NAAQS1
  • The former (science considerations) is construed as pertaining to the component of the ozone NAAQS that is "requisite to protect public health. (globalwarming.org)
Pollutant1
  • The Federal Trade Commission ruled in 1996 against a manufacturer of an Ozone generator, ordering them to cease representing their product's ability to "eliminate, remove, clean or clear any indoor air pollutant from a user's environment" Ozone is a powerful oxidizing agent which could damage rubber and other materials, and ozone reactions with other material present in buildings could lead to increased levels of noxious chemicals such as formaldehyde. (wikipedia.org)
Secretariat2
Climate3
  • The impact of the Antarctic ozone hole on surface climate is becoming evident in surface temperature and wind patterns. (nasa.gov)
  • Application of the models to data is an important part of the group's work and cover a broad range of applications, such as extreme values analysis, fatigue and risk analysis, and analysis of environment, climate and oceanographic data. (lu.se)
  • The future burden of disease attributable to climate change will depend in part on the timeliness and effectiveness of the interventions implemented. (who.int)
Smog2
Dobson Units1
  • On September 17, 1979 (top left), the first year in which ozone was measured by satellite, the ozone level was at 194 Dobson Units. (nasa.gov)
Radiation2
  • A gaping hole in the Arctic ozone could mean higher levels of UV radiation in some inhabited areas in northern Europe, such as Scandinavia. (newscientist.com)
  • Stratospheric ozone, which filters out UV radiation, especially shorter wavelengths, is depleted by man-made chlorofluorocarbons (eg, in refrigerants and aerosols). (msdmanuals.com)
Impacts2
  • I read through dozens of papers quantifying this relationship and I saw in my own data that ozone had real health impacts. (huffpost.com)
  • These impacts of ozone have long been missed. (inhabitat.com)
Antarctic5
  • Global ozone and ozone in the Arctic and Antarctic is no longer decreasing, but is not yet increasing. (nasa.gov)
  • The ozone hole over the Antarctic is expected to recover much later. (nasa.gov)
  • World of Change: Antarctic Ozone Hole. (nasa.gov)
  • The smaller ozone hole was strongly influenced by an unstable and warmer-than-usual Antarctic vortex. (nasa.gov)
  • Here in Australia, we compile weekly Antarctic Ozone Hole reports. (www.csiro.au)
19791
  • Since 1979, scientists have been tracking the size and depth of the ozone hole. (www.csiro.au)
Hemisphere1
  • This warming that occurred is great news for the Southern Hemisphere because ozone is going to be higher and UV levels will be lower," Paul Newman, chief scientist for Earth Sciences at NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center in Greenbelt, Maryland, told Live Science. (livescience.com)
Reactor2
  • Master Spas® Flash Reactor Ozone Mixer Model FR-75-HB. (spapartsexperts.com)
  • Whether you want to dose carbon dioxide to your planted tank like the Sera CO2 reactor is intended, dissolve some CO2 before hitting the calcium reactor or dissolve some ozone before hitting the protein skimmer, the slim bottle design looks sleek and effective. (reefbuilders.com)
Destroy2
  • The Laboratory Series Ozone Destruct System is a bench top gravity flow unit utilizing ultraviolet lamp technology to destroy ozone (O3) in a fluid stream. (complete-water.com)
  • those atoms are considered "reactive" and can chemically destroy ozone molecules. (livescience.com)
Meteorological conditions1
  • Before addressing enforcement, Gordon pointed to meteorological conditions that formed the ozone - cold weather, little wind, snow cover and sunshine. (wyofile.com)
Ambient1
  • Back in 2007, a panel of scientists decided that to protect public health the national ambient air quality standard for ground-level ozone standard should be between 60 and 70 parts per billion. (huffpost.com)
19891
  • On October 7, 1989 (top right), the year that the Montreal Protocol went into force, ozone dropped to 108 DU. (nasa.gov)
19851
Hole13
  • Purple and dark blue areas are part of the ozone hole. (nasa.gov)
  • The record for mean size of the ozone hole-the greatest extent over a one-month window-was September 7 to October 13, 2006, when the hole reached 26.2 million square kilometers. (nasa.gov)
  • The mean ozone hole in 2010 was 22.2 million square kilometers. (nasa.gov)
  • Ozone Hole Watch. (nasa.gov)
  • It's important to point out that the 'hole' isn't literally a hole (i.e. an area totally devoid of ozone). (www.csiro.au)
  • Levels have sat below 220 DU since 7 August, with the ozone hole completely enclosing the polar night late August and early September. (www.csiro.au)
  • The first week of September saw the daily ozone hole area increase rapidly by about 10 million km 2 , reaching a peak of 24.7 million km 2 on 20 September. (www.csiro.au)
  • This was bigger than the ozone hole from the previous five years for this time of year. (www.csiro.au)
  • It's also the 18th largest ozone hole out of 41 years of satellite data. (www.csiro.au)
  • So, if we've all signed up to the Montreal Protocol, why was there such a sizable ozone hole this year? (www.csiro.au)
  • But there are a number of additional factors that contribute to the size and depth of the ozone hole in any one year. (www.csiro.au)
  • This year, exceptionally warm weather put the nix on ozone-smashing, keeping that ozone hole super-small. (livescience.com)
  • The hole in the stratospheric ozone is caused by freons being activated into ozone-depleting substances. (lu.se)
Atmosphere1
Harmful1
Chemical reactions1
  • Moreover, the ozone formed from chemical reactions involving sunlight, has powerful oxidizing and cytotoxic effect 2 . (bvsalud.org)
Efficiency1
  • 2.Air cooled for internal & external electrodes with low temperature rise of continuously working, high efficiency and stable ozone output. (ozonegeneratorsupplier.com)