• Janus particles are special types of nanoparticles or microparticles whose surfaces have two or more distinct physical properties. (wikipedia.org)
  • The synthesis of Janus nanoparticles requires the ability to selectively create each side of a nanometer-sized particle with different chemical properties in a cost-effective and reliable way that produces the particle of interest in high yield. (wikipedia.org)
  • Then, silver nitrate was added to the mixture, resulting in the deposition of silver nanoparticles on the surface of the magnetite nanoparticles. (wikipedia.org)
  • Specifically, this action investigates gold nanoparticles supported on carbon materials with tailored surface properties. (europa.eu)
  • The main objectives include gaining an insight into how the surface characteristics of carbon support materials affect activity, selectivity and stability of supported metal nanoparticles in liquid-phase oxidations of alcohols and aldehydes, as well as understanding whether surface basic groups on carbon support can replace homogeneous base used as a co-catalyst. (europa.eu)
  • Several ways to efficiently remove PVP from the supported gold nanoparticles without particle size change have been established, such as treatment with NaBH4 in combination with H2O. (europa.eu)
  • Furthermore, we obtained some insights into catalyst structure before and after treatments, such as the presence of free PVP on the surface of a catalyst support together with PVP-capped nanoparticles. (europa.eu)
  • The free PVP remains adsorbed on the support after treatments and has no effect on the optical and catalytic properties of gold nanoparticles. (europa.eu)
  • A range of carbons with different surface chemistries have been prepared and used as supports for gold nanoparticles. (europa.eu)
  • As a result of this work we demonstrated that activity and selectivity of gold nanoparticles supported on carbon in the oxidation of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) can be controlled by tuning the surface properties of the support. (europa.eu)
  • Studies have indicated that low solubility nanoparticles are more toxic than larger particles on a mass for mass basis. (cdc.gov)
  • The surface plasmon resonance can be tuned by varying the size or shape of the nanoparticles, leading to particles with tailored optical properties for different applications. (ostatic.com)
  • First, doubly coating the iron oxide nanoparticles improved the magnetic properties of the standard uncoated particles. (news-medical.net)
  • Titanium dioxide (TiO2) particles, including nanoparticles with diameters smaller than 100 nm, are used extensively in consumer products. (cdc.gov)
  • Although fine particles (diameters between 0.1-3 m) of TiO2 are known to be biocompatible, some of the research conducted on TiO2 nanoparticles (diameters smaller than 100 nm) has suggested potential toxicological impacts because they possess physicochemical properties different from the bulk. (cdc.gov)
  • Examples are dust in your room air, cloud droplets, exhaust particles from an engine, sea-salt particles from wave foam as well as produced nanoparticles. (lu.se)
  • The thing that makes nanoparticles so interesting for applications is that materials in nanosize have properties (optical, chemical, magnetic, biological, electrical, and mechanical) that are completely different from the properties of the same material in bulk. (lu.se)
  • These new properties may cause a problem if nanoparticles are unintentionally released - very few of these particles exist in nature and we as humans have not been exposed to them throughout evolution. (lu.se)
  • Single particle cryo-electron microscopy (cryoEM) is often performed under the assumption that particles are not adsorbed to the air-water interfaces and in thin, vitreous ice. (nih.gov)
  • We also show that fiducial-less cryo-electron tomography on single particle grids may be used to determine ice thickness, optimal single particle collection areas and strategies, particle heterogeneity, and de novo models for template picking and single particle alignment. (nih.gov)
  • In this project, detailed single particle models for the thermo-chemical conversion (reduction and oxidation) of micro-sized particles will be developed in order to identify and model rate-controlling processes depending on the following influencing factors: Ambient conditions (temperature, composition of the gas atmosphere) and particle properties (particle size, porosity, etc. (tu-darmstadt.de)
  • In this subproject, a detailed single particle model for the thermo-chemical conversion (reduction and oxidation) of micro-sized particles will be developed in order to identify and model rate-controlling processes depending on the above-mentioned influencing factors. (tu-darmstadt.de)
  • Phenomena occurring in the single particle are film diffusion, pore diffusion, heat transfer and heterogeneous surface reaction. (tu-darmstadt.de)
  • b) Reconstructed FIB-tomogram of a single particle. (uni-ulm.de)
  • Single-particle Green's functions, Slater-Koster for impurities and adsorbates, and surface states. (lu.se)
  • The use of a quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation (QCM-D) to study the adsorption of particles larger than 100 nm, such as liposomes, viruses, and nano/micro-plastics, remains challenging owing to the lack of appropriate models for data evaluation. (lu.se)
  • Two masking techniques are common to produce Janus particles, evaporative deposition and a technique where the nanoparticle is suspended at the interface of two phases. (wikipedia.org)
  • Nanoparticle s are characterized by having a high surface area per mass. (cdc.gov)
  • Particulate surface area has been reported to play an important role in determining the biological activity of nanoparticle s. (cdc.gov)
  • By melding magnetic and luminescent properties with an easily modified surface, a team of investigators at the National Research Council of Canada have created what could prove to be a highly versatile nanoparticle system for imaging and delivering drugs to tumors. (news-medical.net)
  • Special interests include the ability for nanoparticle geometry and surface properties to interfere with the human immune system and bloodstream. (swansea.ac.uk)
  • Experimental and theoretical study of forces between surfaces and colloidal particles. (edu.au)
  • Colloidal gold particles have been used to ensure that particles are similar on all supports. (europa.eu)
  • Ferrofluids are colloidal suspensions of surfactant-coated magnetic particles in a liquid medium. (acs.org)
  • Colloidal silica is a dispersion of nano-sized silica particles in water or other solvents. (thomasnet.com)
  • Alfa Chemistry's colloidal silica product portfolio covers conventional, quick-drying, modified, organic solvent-based, and non-spherical in large and small particle sizes. (thomasnet.com)
  • Because it is comprised of two important physical properties, namely, particle size and particle concentration , it serves as good metric for comparing colloids. (silver-colloids.com)
  • This study is focused on the production of a dual-phase steel structure in the core of a surface-carburized AISI 8620 cementation steel and the effect of martensite volume fraction (MVF) and martensite particle size (MPS) on tensile properties. (gazi.edu.tr)
  • Both are strongly influenced by the ambient conditions (temperature, composition of the gas atmosphere) and the particle properties (particle size, porosity, etc. (tu-darmstadt.de)
  • Changing the particle size of oil droplets dispersed in water without added surfactants. (edu.au)
  • The structure of the cake, including density, total pore volume, pore size and surface area needs to be tightly controlled in production. (pharmaceutical-technology.com)
  • Total pore volume and pore size distribution are directly related to the integrity of the cake and its reconstitution properties. (pharmaceutical-technology.com)
  • The correlation of pore size to surface area data can quantify the degree of cake shrinkage during freeze-drying and determine the final pore size of the dried cake. (pharmaceutical-technology.com)
  • Properties of specific grades of ABS resin are determined by several factors including acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene mix ratio, manufacturing method, rubber particle size, and polymer chain length. (machinedesign.com)
  • The size of the rubber particle also plays a role in the resin's final properties. (machinedesign.com)
  • Additionally, small particle size boosts strength and stiffness but sacrifices toughness. (machinedesign.com)
  • At this size, materials begin to exhibit unique properties that affect physical, chemical, and biological behavior. (cdc.gov)
  • It was found that the shape and size of phosphor particles play important role for the phosphorescence properties. (hindawi.com)
  • When the particle size reaches the nanoscale, new properties are appeared like the blue shift of emission intensity [ 9 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • The shape and size of the phosphor particles may depend on the crystal type and particle size of the starting materials as well as the method of preparation. (hindawi.com)
  • for the composite, the organic matrix and particle size are the main factors related to surface alterations 10 . (bvsalud.org)
  • Author Manuscript prominent when the primary particle size is smaller than approximately 10 nm. (cdc.gov)
  • 9,10] In this size range, the most thermodynamically stable crystal structure of TiO2 is anatase in contrast to the rutile phase for larger particles. (cdc.gov)
  • Aerosol particles are everywhere, in size from 1 nanometer up to some tenths of a mm. (lu.se)
  • How much is deposited depends on particle properties such as size, and physiological factors such as oral or nasal inhalation and exercise or rest. (lu.se)
  • The physical and chemical characterization of engineered particles ranging from the nanometer to the micrometer scale plays an important role in formulation, processing and quality assurance. (aiche.org)
  • Lecture 1: Introduction Why study particle characterization? (freevideolectures.com)
  • Anton Paar offers you instrumentation for all of them and more - it's the broadest particle characterization portfolio available from one single provider worldwide. (anton-paar.com)
  • Click on a parameter to see what Anton Paar offers you in a particular field of particle characterization. (anton-paar.com)
  • Whilst impaction and interception are factors that are more dominant for micro-sized particles, nanosized particle depositions are more driven by diffusion (in particular at low air speed, such as in the alveoli) and surface charge. (lu.se)
  • They concluded Janus particles are both surface-active and amphiphilic, whereas homogeneous particles are only surface-active. (wikipedia.org)
  • The first is to separate homogeneous particles. (uwaterloo.ca)
  • The development of the particle structure (degree of oxidation, porosity development) is basically opposite for reduction and oxidation, but can be described mathematically almost analogously. (tu-darmstadt.de)
  • CONSERT (Comet Nucleus Sounding Experiment by Radiowave Transmission) measure the mean dielectric properties to set constraints on the cometary composition (material, porosity. (dlr.de)
  • This gives these particles unique properties related to their asymmetric structure and/or functionalization. (wikipedia.org)
  • The present work on cenosphere/high-density polyethylene (HDPE) syntactic foams aims at understanding the effect of surface treatment of cenospheres and functionalization of HDPE on flexural properties. (nyu.edu)
  • We further investigated surface functionalization of carbon support materials. (europa.eu)
  • However, because of diverse comprehension on the complicated physical and chemical water-mineral interactions, the diversity of water properties is not involved enough in soil mechanics, while "contractile skin" is considered an independent phase in Fredlund's theory of stress state variable [ 14 , 15 ] and adsorption is considered in some works on effective stress [ 16 , 17 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • Meanwhile, the interactions between the ICEOF and the walls locate the particle at an equilibrium distance from the wall depending on the polarizability ratios of the particles. (uwaterloo.ca)
  • Additionally, its 2D structure fully exposes both sides of the material, allowing for maximal interactions with other particles. (ostatic.com)
  • These cycles are regulated by interactions at interfaces between microorganisms, mineral particles and aqueous solutions, and are often driven by electron transfer reactions. (lu.se)
  • The extra-fine grade has no particles greater than 12 microns (as determined by laser diffraction) and is suitable for more critical flame retardant applications. (borax.com)
  • This technique was developed by simply taking synthesis techniques of larger Janus particles and scaling down to the nanoscale. (wikipedia.org)
  • For example, based on available data, it would be reasonable and prudent to assume that nanoscale nickel - with a greater absolute particle number per gram and a greater total specific surface area - would be more potent than microscale nickel. (cdc.gov)
  • 11-13] In addition, nanoscale TiO2 has enhanced photocatalytic properties, resulting in their use in water purification, incorporation in self- cleaning, and anti-fogging surfaces. (cdc.gov)
  • Martin has a core competence in particle and fibre toxicology. (swansea.ac.uk)
  • We examined three types of synthetic conditions: the Stöber method, in which particles are prepared in 65% ethanol, and two entirely aqueous solvent syntheses, containing either 2% or 27% ammonium hydroxide. (nih.gov)
  • Magnetite (Fe 3 O 4 ) particles are precipitated by combining FeCl 3 and FeCl 2 in a 2:1 stoichiometric ratio in aqueous ammonia solution. (acs.org)
  • The resulting particles, ~10-20 nm in diameter based on powder X-ray diffraction, are then treated with aqueous tetramethylammonium hydroxide, which acts as a surfactant. (acs.org)
  • Surface area of particle administered versus mass in determining the pulmonary toxicity of ultrafine and fine carbon black: comparison to ultrafine titanium dioxide. (cdc.gov)
  • In an additional study, the pulmonary responses to instillation of ultrafine carbon black were compared to equivalent particle surface area doses of ultrafine titanium dioxide. (cdc.gov)
  • Ultrafine carbon black particles caused a dose dependent but transient inflammatory and cytotoxic response. (cdc.gov)
  • However, when doses were equalized based on surface area of particles given, the ultrafine carbon black particles were only slightly (non-significantly) more inflammogenic and cytotoxic compared to the fine sized carbon black. (cdc.gov)
  • At one day post-exposure, inflammatory potencies of the ultrafine carbon black and ultrafine titanium dioxide particles were similar. (cdc.gov)
  • In addition, ultrafine titanium dioxide appears to be more bioactive than ultrafine carbon black on an equivalent surface area of particles delivered basis. (cdc.gov)
  • Therefore, ultrafine zirconia is not only used in structural and functional ceramics but also used to improve the surface properties of metal materials (thermal conductivity, thermal shock resistance, high-temperature oxidation resistance, etc. (mis-asia.com)
  • Using the conductive properties of ultrafine zirconia doped with different elements, it is used for electrode manufacturing in the solid battery. (mis-asia.com)
  • Recently it was speculated that ultrafine particles (UFP) may translocate from deposition sites in the lungs to systemic circulation and whether long-term clearance differs between ultrafine and micrometer-sized particles. (cdc.gov)
  • We have studied lung retention and clearance kinetics in 12 healthy male adult WKY rats up to 6 mo after an inhalation of 192Ir-radiolabeled, insoluble, ultrafine 15- to 20-nm iridium particles. (cdc.gov)
  • 1989). In addition, differential analysis including daily excretion data revealed a pattern of fractional particle clearance rate of the ultrafine iridium particles similar to that of micrometer- sized particles reported by Snipes et al. (cdc.gov)
  • While crease in ultrafine particles is associated with adverse cardio- there are conflicting reports about short-term translocation and vascular effects (Wichmann et al. (cdc.gov)
  • 2002), nothing is known about long-term there is concern about translocation of ultrafine particles (UFP) translocation and whether clearance kinetics of ultrafine parti- from the lungs into systemic circulation and uptake in transpul- cles differ from that of larger particles, as one may expect from differing clearance mechanisms for micrometer-sized particles versus UFP. (cdc.gov)
  • Institute of Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) recommended methods to assess worker exposures to fine and ultrafine TiO2 particles and associated occupational exposure limits for these particles. (cdc.gov)
  • in 1988 to describe spherical glass particles with one of the hemispheres hydrophilic and the other hydrophobic. (wikipedia.org)
  • a ) A linearly polarized plane wave pushes a normal spherical particle forward. (nature.com)
  • When the normal spherical particle is put near a substrate, ( b ) it still moves forward while the helical particles ( d , f ) are shifted in opposite directions by an anomalous lateral force. (nature.com)
  • Aerosol particles are not necessarily spherical, but can have a complex shape, surface structure and morphology (see image below). (lu.se)
  • This unique surface of Janus particles allows two different types of chemistry to occur on the same particle. (wikipedia.org)
  • Textbook: Applied Colloid and Surface Chemistry, by R.M. Pashley & M.E. Karaman, published by J.Wiley & Sons, October 2004. (edu.au)
  • Particle surface area and surface chemistry are strong indicators for observed responses in cell cultures and animals. (cdc.gov)
  • The Division of Surface Chemistry of the Swedish Chemical Society. (lu.se)
  • We teach and research on the topic of aerosols: how are the particles structured, what is the interaction with the gas-phase, what physicochemical properties do they have, and what effects do they have on nature and our health? (lu.se)
  • Conversely, smaller particles produce high-gloss parts with better surface finishes. (machinedesign.com)
  • The thermo-chemical oxidation of the iron particles with atmospheric oxygen to iron oxide particles represents the complementary process and closes the cycle. (tu-darmstadt.de)
  • Finally, they act as surfaces and volumes for atmospheric chemical reactions. (lu.se)
  • The simplest case of a Janus particle is achieved by dividing the particle into two distinct parts, each of them either made of a different material, or bearing different functional groups. (wikipedia.org)
  • For example, a Janus particle may have one-half of its surface composed of hydrophilic groups and the other half hydrophobic groups, the particles might have two surfaces of different color, fluorescence, or magnetic properties. (wikipedia.org)
  • The term "Janus Particle" was coined by author Leonard Wibberley in his 1962 novel The Mouse on the Moon as a science-fictional device for space travel. (wikipedia.org)
  • In 1991, Pierre-Gilles de Gennes mentioned the term "Janus" particle in his Nobel lecture. (wikipedia.org)
  • Janus particles are named after the two faced Roman god Janus because these particles may be said to have "two faces" since they possess two distinct types of properties. (wikipedia.org)
  • de Gennes pushed for the advancement of Janus particles by pointing out these "Janus grains" have the unique property of densely self-assembling at liquid-liquid interfaces, while allowing material transport to occur through the gaps between the solid amphiphilic particles. (wikipedia.org)
  • Although the term "Janus particles" was not yet used, Lee and coworkers also reported particles matching this description in 1985. (wikipedia.org)
  • Twenty years later, a plethora of Janus particles of different sizes, shapes and properties, with applications in textile, sensors, stabilization of emulsions, and magnetic field imaging have been reported. (wikipedia.org)
  • Variety of janus particles in sizes 10µm to 53µm in diameter are currently commercially available from Cospheric, who holds a patent on Hemispherical Coating Method for Microelements. (wikipedia.org)
  • We further developed a separation method for Janus particles whose surface has two different dielectric properties. (uwaterloo.ca)
  • As a result, Janus particles of different polarizability ratios can be collected into different outlet branches continuously and independently. (uwaterloo.ca)
  • There is some evidence that the Moon has a tenuous layer of moving dust particles constantly leaping up from and falling back to the Moon's surface, giving rise to a "dust atmosphere" that looks static but is composed of dust particles in constant motion. (wikipedia.org)
  • They can occur in the air, either attached to dust particles or as solids in soil or sediment. (cdc.gov)
  • Positive charges build up until the tiniest particles of lunar dust (measuring 1 micrometre and smaller) are repelled from the surface and lofted anywhere from metres to kilometres high, with the smallest particles reaching the highest altitudes. (wikipedia.org)
  • This is the basis for both nuclear power and nuclear weaponry, each of which uses some of the smallest particles in the known universe to produce results that are both amazing and terrifying. (encyclopedia.com)
  • The present report, part of the larger investigation, describes: 1) a comparison of the physico-chemical properties of nine FSDs, collected at drilling sites, and MIN-U-SIL 5, a reference silica dust, and 2) a comparison of the pulmonary inflammatory responses to intratracheal instillation of the nine FSDs and MIN-U-SIL 5. (cdc.gov)
  • Surface smoothness of the restorations is one of the main factors of aesthetic success, since rough surfaces contribute to staining and bacteria deposition, and decreased brightness 13 . (bvsalud.org)
  • Aerosol particles are used within nanotechnology (for instance solar cells), in health care (for instance the Turbuhaler®), but also have adverse health effects during deposition in our lungs and affect climate through the reflection and absorption of solar light and through cloud formation. (lu.se)
  • The three most commonly used characteristics to release or approve a batch are appearance, thermal properties, and surface area. (pharmaceutical-technology.com)
  • However, the decision to maintain or not the restoration depends on several factors, including marginal integrity, color and surface characteristics. (bvsalud.org)
  • Nano zirconia doped with different elements conductive properties, used in solid battery electrode manufacturing. (mis-asia.com)
  • It is important to take precautionary and protective measures as scientists learn more about the properties and potential effects of nanomaterials, including any changes in the known effects of the material in moving from traditional to nano-scale forms, such as, in this case, nickel. (cdc.gov)
  • The things in nano technology that might pose a risk to us or to the environment are related to the fact that we need to make sure that we handle these new particles and materials in a safe way. (lu.se)
  • The third, and last model is a system of partial differential equations that is obtained as the continuum limit of the stochastic particle system. (aimsciences.org)
  • 1. Based on Many-Particle Theory, an explanation of the relevance of one-particle equations and of the concepts of exchange and correlation is given. (lu.se)
  • Titania surfaces are a key factor influencing photoinduced charge injection processes from covalently bound chromophores. (nanowerk.com)
  • Combined with annealing studies of pc-TiO 2 preparation, this study reveals the role of the surface defects in photoinduced ET processes for the first time. (nanowerk.com)
  • We compared the synthesis processes of thiol-organosilica NPs made of these three kinds of organosilicates, as well as particles made from tetraethoxysilicate (TEOS), at concentrations varying between 6.25 and 200 mM. (nih.gov)
  • For reduction and oxidation, the reactions and their coupling to transport processes must first be understood for individual particles, since both heat and mass transfer between particles and the surrounding gas phase and the kinetics of the heterogeneous surface reaction can potentially be rate-determining processes. (tu-darmstadt.de)
  • Since the particles undergo both processes alternately and repeatedly, the final state of one process is the initial state of the other. (tu-darmstadt.de)
  • These processes continue to change the physical and optical properties of the dirt over time, and it is known as space weathering . (wikipedia.org)
  • Generally speaking, physicists study physical properties and changes, while chemists are concerned with chemical processes and changes. (encyclopedia.com)
  • Despite the fact that newly developed in-process contour parameters are able to reduce the surface roughness significantly, only a minor improvement in fatigue properties could be observed: Crack initiation is caused by sharp, microscopic notches at the surface in combination with high tensile residual stresses at the surface, which are present on all in-process contour parameter specimens. (researchgate.net)
  • Conclusions: For both microhybrid and nanohybrid CRs, the silicon rubber tips were effective to reduce the surface roughness after bleaching procedure. (bvsalud.org)
  • It is generally accepted that the adsorbed water layer on the surface of the mineral particle has significant effects on the mechanical properties of soils. (hindawi.com)
  • The CASSE experiment is developed to study by acoustic sounding the mechanical properties of the upper surface layers of the comet. (dlr.de)
  • With aesthetics being increasingly valued, professionals use composite resins (CRs) as the first choice materials in dental offices, since these materials combine suitable mechanical properties with excellent aesthetics 1 . (bvsalud.org)
  • Nanowerk News ) Photoinduced interfacial electron transfer (ET) from covalently bound molecules or particles to a semiconductor oxide plays a critical role in solar cells, photocatalysis, and molecular electronics. (nanowerk.com)
  • Finally, the second silica layer provided a surface to which targeting and drug molecules could be attached easily. (news-medical.net)
  • 2. The main concepts within density functional theory of ground state properties of molecules and solid bodies. (lu.se)
  • the values obtained were larger than results from atomic force microscopy, indicating that the viscoelastic model combined with the Gauss-Newton method can quantify the adsorption of large polystyrene particles and the surrounding water around them. (lu.se)
  • These values were lower for the adsorption of the negatively charged polystyrene particles on a positive surface than on a negative surface. (lu.se)
  • In this study we analyzed microbial cells and biological ice nucleating particles (INPs) in smoke emitted from eight prescribed wildland fires in North Florida. (nature.com)
  • What residence time is required to completely reduce iron oxide particles to iron particles in different hydrogen-rich reducing atmospheres? (tu-darmstadt.de)
  • The properties of the material can be improved by combining nanometer zirconia with alumina and silicon oxide. (mis-asia.com)
  • Surface area data provide important information on structure and reconstitution of the cake by presenting a picture of the morphology of the solid phase. (pharmaceutical-technology.com)
  • Aerosol is particles in a gas volume. (lu.se)
  • It is well documented that physio-chemical activity as well as long-term stability of protein-based pharmaceuticals are directly influenced by ice crystal formation and their contribution to surface area. (pharmaceutical-technology.com)
  • We also studied the ICEOF of heterogeneous particles consisting of multiple dielectric parts. (uwaterloo.ca)
  • The spatially varying ICEOF around a heterogeneous particle continuously generates a torque. (uwaterloo.ca)
  • A heterogeneous particle is assembled with two differently high-polarizable ends. (uwaterloo.ca)
  • For this purpose, the experimental results, especially the heterogeneous surface kinetics, have to be integrated into the particle model. (tu-darmstadt.de)
  • Lunar soil is the fine fraction of lunar regolith found on the surface of the Moon and contributes to the Moon's tenuous atmosphere . (wikipedia.org)
  • As the Moon's fine surface layer, lunar soil is picked up by even weak natural phenomena active at the Moon's surface, allowing it to be part of the Moon's scant atmosphere. (wikipedia.org)
  • Plasma monitor to observe the plasma properties of the cometary atmosphere (electrons and ions). (dlr.de)
  • Titan's hazy atmosphere diffuses and reddens the feeble sunlight reaching the distant moon's surface. (astronomy.com)
  • The Sun casts sharp but low-contrast shadows because 90 percent of Titan's surface illumination comes from its atmosphere. (astronomy.com)
  • Some PAHs evaporate into the atmosphere from surface waters, but most stick to solid particles and settle to the bottoms of rivers or lakes. (cdc.gov)
  • Here we demonstrate, using full-wave simulations, that an anomalous lateral force can be induced in a direction perpendicular to that of the incident photon momentum if a chiral particle is placed above a substrate that does not break any left-right symmetry. (nature.com)
  • Analytical theory shows that the lateral force emerges from the coupling between structural chirality (the handedness of the chiral particle) and the light reflected from the substrate surface. (nature.com)
  • Figure 1: Anomalous lateral force in the helix particle-substrate configuration. (nature.com)
  • The substrate has the dimensions of l × w × t . ( g ) Dimensions of the helix particle. (nature.com)
  • This suggests that tan δ reflects the strength of the contact between the particle and substrate. (lu.se)
  • Particles in water can gather pollutants as well as providing favorable growth conditions for bacteria. (mdpi.com)
  • Under these assumptions, we derive a stochastic model for describing the evolution in time of the location of bacteria, the excitation of individual bacteria, and a surface memory effect. (aimsciences.org)
  • Conclusion: These results indicate that for low toxicity low solubility materials, surface area of particles administered rather than mass burden of particles may be a more appropriate dose metric for pulmonary toxicity studies. (cdc.gov)
  • The asymmetric ICEOF drives the particle to rotate until line up with the electric field. (uwaterloo.ca)
  • Whole-body retention was followed by external gamma counting, and particle clearance kinetics were determined by excretion radioanalysis. (cdc.gov)
  • But it does not agree with a more important experiment of Particle Physics which uses accelerator and Wilson Chamber. (lightbluetouchpaper.org)
  • Graphene's thermal properties may not be as revolutionary as previously thought. (nanowerk.com)
  • Effects of the thermal treatment temperature on the property and silver stability of modified PI membrane are also investigated systematically. (confex.com)
  • Measurement of the physical properties of the comet core: thermal conductivity /diffusivity, thermal profile, surface temperature, hardness of cometary material. (dlr.de)
  • This method resulted in a particle with equal hydrophilic and hydrophobic areas. (wikipedia.org)
  • Because solid water is not likely to be extruded by pressure alone, if the particle compression is negligible relative to the soil-mass compression, two assumptive conditions for effective stress equation are reasonable. (hindawi.com)
  • In fact, the mechanical mechanism about how adsorbed water affects the properties of soil skeleton is not totally clear yet. (hindawi.com)
  • Lunar soil differs in its origin and properties significantly from terrestrial soil . (wikipedia.org)
  • The fine lunar soil is made of sharp and very adhesive particles, with a distinct gunpowder taste and smell. (wikipedia.org)
  • Continual meteoric impacts and bombardment by solar and interstellar charged atomic particles of the lunar surface over billions of years ground the basaltic and anorthositic rock, the regolith of the Moon, into the progressively finer lunar soil. (wikipedia.org)
  • The viscoelastic model allowed quantification of the rheological properties of the layer. (lu.se)
  • The method is expected to provide for a more accurate quantification of airborne TiO2 particles in the workplace environment. (cdc.gov)
  • Surprisingly, by studying particles in holes in 3D from over 1000 tomograms, we have determined that the vast majority of particles (approximately 90%) are adsorbed to an air-water interface. (nih.gov)
  • By defining the concepts of "solid water" and "particle skeleton" after a brief review on adsorbed water, therefore, the mechanical mechanism about how solid water affects the deformation and strength of particle skeleton is theoretically clarified, which could be the physical basis of the reasonability of two assumptive conditions for effective stress equation. (hindawi.com)
  • while if the interparticle solid water could be extruded undergoing enough force with suitable confinement, the mechanical effects due to increasing water pressure are not only to compress particles more but also to enhance interparticle friction because the indirect interparticle contact could be changed into direct contact to consequently alter the interparticle friction. (hindawi.com)
  • However, for two contacted particles undergoing only homogeneous water pressure as shown in Figure 1(a) , it is interesting that the water pressure should cause the interparticle pressure at the contact point as shown in Figure 1(c) , which may, theoretically, induce higher friction strength to resist the interparticle shear movement when the water pressure is increased. (hindawi.com)
  • real water pressure, inner-particle stress, and interparticle pressure. (hindawi.com)
  • This paper also describes a method for repelling both oil- and water-based ferrofluid from solid surfaces that would otherwise be stained by the fluid. (acs.org)
  • They can also enter surface water through discharges from industrial plants and waste water treatment plants, and they can be released to soils at hazardous waste sites if they escape from storage containers. (cdc.gov)
  • The movement of PAHs in the environment depends on properties such as how easily they dissolve in water, and how easily they evaporate into the air. (cdc.gov)
  • Experimental results showed that, compared with specimens with a fully martensitic microstructure in the core, those with a dual-phase microstructure in the core exhibited slightly lower tensile and yield strength but superior ductility without sacrificing surface hardness. (gazi.edu.tr)
  • This study was conducted to determine whether mass of particles or surface area of particles is the more appropriate dose metric for pulmonary toxicity studies. (cdc.gov)
  • To break the limit of the knowledge of the induced-charge electroosmotic flow, this thesis provides a new theoretical and numerical study of the polarizability-dependent induced-charge electroosmotic flow (ICEOF) of dielectric particles. (uwaterloo.ca)
  • Electron energy-loss spectroscopy (EELS) offers the possibility to study the chemical composition and properties. (uni-ulm.de)
  • Based on this, the present study evaluated the influence of finishing and polishing techniques on the surface roughness of two CRs after bleaching. (bvsalud.org)
  • Let us now consider the configuration shown in Fig. 1b , which shows a particle placed close to a surface made of an ordinary material (for example, Au or Si or silica). (nature.com)
  • They then coated these particles with a layer of silica, and added a second layer of silica that also contained a fluorescent dye. (news-medical.net)
  • This counter-intuitive force comes from a lateral radiation pressure and an optical spin density force that couple the chirality of the particle to both the lateral linear momentum and SAM generated by the scattered wave of the chiral particle. (nature.com)
  • Particle surface area can be determined by measuring the physical properties of a colloid. (silver-colloids.com)
  • Matter is physical substance that occupies space, has mass, is composed of atoms - or, in the case of subatomic particles, is part of an atom - and is convertible to energy. (encyclopedia.com)