PhysicsColloidal particlesDispersionsInteractionsElectroweak Phase TransitionMotility-induced phase separationProtonsSelf-propelled particlesObserved Standard Model particlesPhotonsElectronsGravitationalBrownianInteractionStrange particlesBehaviourElementarySingle-particleCorrelationsTemperatureAdsorptionLiquidsEquilibriumAqueous phaseExponentialProcessesOccursDensityDiagramAcceleratorsPrecursorsAnisotropicCollisionsThermodynamic propertiesHomogeneousDepositionCosmologySystemsStructuralAtomsDynamicsTheoreticalSubstrateAstrophysicsGaseousExperimentsSpectraDenseCoherenceScalarModelsPassiveSystemWeaklyPropertiesFluctuationsStatistical MechanicsEarly UniverseInflationEnergyPhenomenaVacuum
Physics22
- Elementary Particle Physics: Gauss Centre for Supercomputing e.V. (gauss-centre.eu)
- With the help of world-class supercomputing resources from the Gauss Centre for Supercomputing (GCS), a team of researchers led by Prof. Zoltan Fodor at the University of Wuppertal has continued to advance the state-of-the-art in elementary particle physics. (gauss-centre.eu)
- Particle accelerators are among the world's most effective methods for experiments in materials science and physics. (gauss-centre.eu)
- The results of their experiments, published today in Nature Physics , show that phase transitions still occur in systems made up of as few as seven particles on average. (imperial.ac.uk)
- Lead author Dr Robert Nyman , from the Department of Physics at Imperial, said: "Now that it's confirmed that 'phase transition' is still a useful concept in such small systems, we can explore properties in ways that would not be possible in larger systems. (imperial.ac.uk)
- With the best of two distinct worlds - the physics of phase transitions and the accessibility of small systems - this unusual light source has potential applications in measurement or sensing. (imperial.ac.uk)
- Co-author Dr Florian Mintert , from the Department of Physics at Imperial, said: "With the best of two distinct worlds - the physics of phase transitions and the accessibility of small systems - this unusual light source has potential applications in measurement or sensing. (imperial.ac.uk)
- M. Kardar, Statistical Physics of Particles, CUP 2007. (tum.de)
- In particle physics, a field is associated with each type of particle (photons, electrons, protons. (polytechnique.edu)
- The low frequency part of the gravitational wave spectrum generated by local physics, such as a phase transition or parametric resonance, is largely fixed by causality, offering a clean window into the early Universe. (arxiv.org)
- Due to the difference between sub-horizon and super-horizon physics, it is inevitable that there will be a distinct spectral feature that could allow for the direct measurement of the conformal Hubble rate at which the phase transition occurred. (arxiv.org)
- She describes her postdoctoral research at the University of Rochester in neutrino physics, and her full time transition as a staff scientist at Fermilab to focus on neutrino oscillations. (aip.org)
- Seiden discusses his current interests in developing silicon detectors for the high luminosity LHC and sensors for the TRIUMF accelerator, and he surveys the current interplay between theory and experiment in particle physics more broadly. (aip.org)
- He recounts his interest in Higgs research and the leadership of George Trilling and he explains the origins of the Santa Cruz Institute for Particle Physics. (aip.org)
- Seiden discusses his advisory work for P5 and the broader state of play of particle physics in the United States and he describes the impact on CERN following the cancellation of the SSC. (aip.org)
- He surmises how a particle physics approach will help to unlock the mystery of dark matter, and he explains his motivations to write an introductory textbook on particle physics. (aip.org)
- How particles pack under different constraints is not only of fundamental interest to physics, chemistry and materials science, but also to mathematics. (uu.nl)
- A team of researchers has now shown that mixing particles of two different sizes inside a sphere results in unexpected, cubic structures, as they describe today in a publication in Nature Physics. (uu.nl)
- Preheating , for instance, can be thought of as a series of explosions during which the energy was transferred from the unknown particles driving inflation - an era when the universe blew up in size - to particles described in the Standard Model of particle physics today. (theconversation.com)
- Searches for physics beyond the standard model is one of the main activities at particle physics experiments such as ATLAS and CMS at LHC. (lu.se)
- Here we want to improve our understanding of the dynamics of phase transitions in models with additional scalar fields as well as study the phenomenological implications of specific scenarios for physics beyond the standard model by combining the searches at collider experiments and future gravitational-wave detectors. (lu.se)
- In addition to the mandatory and elective courses for the theoretical physics program specified in the course plan you also need knowledge corresponding to the Theoretical Particle Physics, FYTN18 and Quantum Field Theory, FYTN19 courses. (lu.se)
Colloidal particles7
- Active colloidal particles, dubbed nanomotors, are the prototypical example of wet SPP. (wikipedia.org)
- Janus particles are colloidal particles with two different sides, having different physical or chemical properties. (wikipedia.org)
- Interactions between colloidal particles can be modelled by particles grafted with polymers. (lu.se)
- phdthesis{ff456b77-1b1f-45e8-ba29-1ba15973124b, abstract = {{Interactions between colloidal particles can be modelled by particles grafted with polymers. (lu.se)
- The ability of colloidal particles, under certain conditions, to self-organize suggests that colloidal particles could be used as precursors for advanced materials via the generation of complex microstructures. (purdue.edu)
- The precise control of colloidal dispersions rests upon our knowledge of the forces that arise between colloidal particles and between particles and surfaces of various shapes. (purdue.edu)
- The main goal of these detailed experimental and theoretical studies is to improve understanding of the inter-particle forces which cause the dispersions of colloidal particles or nanoparticles to agglomerate, or to remain stable. (purdue.edu)
Dispersions5
- We could also investigate the effect of polymer addition to the particle dispersions. (lu.se)
- Professor Corti's research focuses on understanding the thermophysical and kinetic properties of a variety of soft condensed-phase systems, including liquids and colloidal dispersions. (purdue.edu)
- We are currently developing theoretical and simulation methods to predict the magnitude and range of entropic forces between particles and between particles and surfaces of various shapes, to investigate phase separations in model colloidal dispersions, and to estimate coagulation/deposition rates and the kinetics of the phase transitions exhibited by entropically controlled dispersions. (purdue.edu)
- In addition, we study the colloidal stability of dispersions of hydrates particles formed by complexes of hydrocarbons and water. (purdue.edu)
- Responsive Hydrogel Colloids: Structure, Interactions, Phase Behaviour and Equilibrium and Non-equilibrium Transitions of Microgel Dispersions. (lu.se)
Interactions5
- We could detect a non-monotonic temperature dependent aggregation of particles from attraction to repulsion to attraction, where the polymer-mediated interactions were repulsive. (lu.se)
- Emergent behaviour in multi-particle systems with non-local interactions (Banff, Canada, 22-27 janvier). (dauphine.fr)
- A macroscopic model for self-propelled particles with orientation interactions. (dauphine.fr)
- As for the appearance of electromagnetic, weak and strong interactions [9], in our solution, the gravitational interaction is revealed by the appearance of pairs of particles of opposite charges (i.e., of gravitational masses), emerging from a primordial fluid according to the principle of symmetry breaking. (scirp.org)
- For particles with hard interactions it is only entropy that determines if a spontaneous phase transition like crystallization can take place. (uu.nl)
Electroweak Phase Transition1
- Of special interest is the electroweak phase transition in which the Higgs field got its vacuum expectation value and all elementary particles got there mass. (lu.se)
Motility-induced phase separation2
- Under conditions of bulk motility-induced phase separation, the interaction strength ε of the barrier controls the affinity of the dense phase for the barrier region. (cam.ac.uk)
- For active particles motility-induced phase separation (co-existing hexatic and liquid phases) occurs for large activity and sufficiently small birth rates. (uib.es)
Protons2
- A research team led by Prof. Frithjof Karsch at Bielefeld University has been using the JUWELS supercomputer at the Jülich Supercomputing Centre (JSC) as part of the international HOTQCD collaboration to better understand the conditions under which particles made of protons, neutrons, and pions go through phase transitions, and how those changes impact the system's behavior and give rise to new forms of matter, such as quark-gluon plasma. (gauss-centre.eu)
- That's because, in its early stages , the universe was filled with a dense plasma - a gas made out of charged particles including electrons and protons (particles that comprise the atomic nucleus alongside neutrons). (theconversation.com)
Self-propelled particles8
- Self-propelled particles (SPP), also referred to as self-driven particles, are terms used by physicists to describe autonomous agents, which convert energy from the environment into directed or persistent motion. (wikipedia.org)
- Generally, self-propelled particles often refer to artificial systems such as robots or specifically designed particles such as swimming Janus colloids, bimetallic nanorods, nanomotors and walking grains. (wikipedia.org)
- Self-propelled particles interact with each other, which can lead to the emergence of collective behaviours. (wikipedia.org)
- To understand the ubiquity of such phenomena, physicists have developed a number of self-propelled particles models. (wikipedia.org)
- These models predict that self-propelled particles share certain properties at the group level, regardless of the type of animals (or artificial particles) in the swarm. (wikipedia.org)
- Hydrodynamics of self-organization for self-propelled particles. (dauphine.fr)
- Macroscopic limits of a system of self-propelled particles with phase transition. (dauphine.fr)
- Dynamics of self-propelled Particles and Phase Transitions. (dauphine.fr)
Observed Standard Model particles1
- In the true vacuum, inflaton particles decay, eventually giving rise to the observed Standard Model particles. (wikipedia.org)
Photons3
- To answer these questions, a team of scientists from Imperial College London, the University of Oxford and Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Germany, made a system of less than 10 photons, the fundamental particles of light. (imperial.ac.uk)
- The team found that by adding photons to the system, a phase transition to a BEC would occur once the system reached around seven photons, fewer than in any other BEC seen before. (imperial.ac.uk)
- Photons (particles of light) were trapped in the mix, bouncing off the other particles furiously, with no way to escape. (theconversation.com)
Electrons1
Gravitational6
- It starts at the phase transition giving rise to the gravitational interaction at time t i ~ 10 -44 s, Planck time, and ends at time t f ~ 10 -42 s (or more exactly about 70 e-folds later). (scirp.org)
- This solution assumes the existence of particles with negative gravitational mass and positive inert mass, a hypothesis compatible with General Relativity. (scirp.org)
- The solution studied in this article is the hypothesis of the existence of particles with negative gravitational mass and positive inert mass (HP1), currently being tested in experiments such as AEgIS or Alpha at CERN. (scirp.org)
- after the phase transition, we have pairs of particles within which the gravitational masses are identical in magnitude but of opposite signs. (scirp.org)
- That transition would have been a "turbulent, violent event" that could create gravitational waves, Davoudiasl says. (popsci.com)
- In certain cases this phase transition may have been so violent as to give rise to gravitational waves which could be detected also today as a cosmological remnant. (lu.se)
Brownian3
- We then address the case of a system of active Brownian particles in contact with a purely repulsive potential barrier that mimics a thin permeable membrane. (cam.ac.uk)
- Liquid-Hexatic-Solid phases in active and passive Brownian particles d. (uib.es)
- We study the effects of stochastic birth and death processes on the structural phases of systems of active and passive Brownian particles subject to volume exclusion. (uib.es)
Interaction3
- A model of alignment interaction for oriented particles with phase transition. (dauphine.fr)
- Increasing the strength of the interaction leads to a softening of an excitation mode at a finite momentum, preceding a superfluid to supersolid phase transition. (dpg-verhandlungen.de)
- This gives rise to a long-range interaction which couples all particles. (dpg-verhandlungen.de)
Strange particles2
- Two approaches to treat the chemical freeze-out of strange particles in the hadron resonance gas model are analyzed. (edpsciences.org)
- Such ropes are expected to give more strange particles and baryons, which also has been suggested as a signal for plasma formation. (lu.se)
Behaviour3
- A system made of just a handful of particles acts just like larger systems, allowing scientists to study quantum behaviour more easily. (imperial.ac.uk)
- Studying quantum behaviour of particles is much easier with fewer particles, so the fact that phase transitions occur in these small systems means scientists are better able to study quantum properties such as coherence. (imperial.ac.uk)
- While this is correct for very low density systems like gases, where the distance between any two particles is larger than the wavelength of the relevant fluctuating fields coupled to the systems, dense systems - condensed matter or liquids and solids - show entirely different behaviour. (i-sis.org.uk)
Elementary2
- Using the JUWELS supercomputer at the Jülich Supercomputing Centre, researchers are simulating the so-called Brout-Englert-Higgs mechanism, or how elementary particles acquire mass. (gauss-centre.eu)
- Scientists say the unusual atom - made up of an ordinary caesium atom and an elementary particle called a muon - may prove essential in better understanding the Universe's fundamental building blocks. (nanowerk.com)
Single-particle1
- We prove that invisible bands associated with zeros of the single-particle Green's function exist ubiquitously at topological interfaces of 2D Chern insulators, dual to the chiral edge/domain-wall modes. (uni-frankfurt.de)
Correlations2
- In common with its equilibrium counterpart, the character of this transition depends on the system dimensionality: a continuous transition with enhanced density fluctuations and gas bubbles is uncovered in 2d while 3d systems exhibit a sharp transition absent of large correlations. (cam.ac.uk)
- The analysis is based upon correlations between the energies of particles as well as angular correlations. (lu.se)
Temperature4
- For instance, the two sides of the Janus particle can induce a local gradient of, temperature, electric field, or concentration of chemical species. (wikipedia.org)
- The next phase of this work is devoted to the study on capillary induce phase transitions with an experimental focus on polymer solutions containing PNIPAM at the presence of hydrophobic surfaces (mesoporous silica) as a function of pH, temperature and chain length. (lu.se)
- We could connect the mass of our dark matter candidate and the mass of these black holes to each other because both of them depend on the temperature at which this transition happens," Gehrlein says. (popsci.com)
- If "this event, this phase transition that happened at that temperature, gave rise to these supermassive black holes," he says, it would have "provided just the right ingredients" to form ultra-light dark matter particles, too. (popsci.com)
Adsorption2
- For organic aerosol particles, partitioning may be dominated by adsorption at all RH levels. (aaqr.org)
- Ion Adsorption and Lamellar-Lamellar Transitions in Charged Bilayer Systems , J. Forsman, Langmuir 22 , 2975 (2006). (lu.se)
Liquids2
- In order to further our understanding of the behavior and properties of metastable liquids various topics are addressed: the statistical mechanics of constrained ensembles and the thermophysical properties of metastable systems, rigorous theories of nucleation and the transition between nucleation and growth and spinodal decomposition. (purdue.edu)
- Recently, we have applied the stochastic series expansion algorithm to study field induced phase transitions in quantum spin liquids, developed optimization algorithms to construct nano-scale opto-electronic devices, and generalized the BCS (Bardeen-Cooper-Schrieffer) theory to investigate the consequences of unconventional superconductivity in strongly correlated materials. (usc.edu)
Equilibrium5
- Because the Janus particles consume energy from their environment (catalysis of chemical reactions, light absorption, etc.), the resulting motion constitutes an irreversible process and the particles are out of equilibrium. (wikipedia.org)
- To set the scene and establish terminology, we begin by reviewing how surface phase transitions manifest in assembles of passive (ie equilibrium) particles at an attractive impenetrable substrate. (cam.ac.uk)
- This is an overview of equilibrium statistical mechanics of classical fluids, with special applications to the structural and thermodynamic properties of systems made of particles interacting via the hard-sphere potential or related model potentials. (e-booksdirectory.com)
- The researchers found that such a mixture of spheres would also not form the bulk equilibrium phase (which is a crystal analogous to that of MgZn 2 ), but instead a so-called binary icosahedral crystal. (uu.nl)
- These diverse materials may exhibit time-dependent structures under transient or out-of-equilibrium conditions resulting from for example self-assembly processes, phase transitions or in response to external fields, such as flow. (lu.se)
Aqueous phase2
Exponential2
- Even if initially it is not empty (contains some particles), very rapid exponential expansion dilutes particle density to essentially zero. (wikipedia.org)
- At increasing RH levels, both VOCs partitioning onto in/organic aerosol particles exhibited similar behavior (exponential) consistent to those observed for 1,2-dichlorobenzene, therefore, insensitive to the polarity. (aaqr.org)
Processes4
- In a large number of technical processes involving droplets and particles, transition processes take place between solid, liquid and gaseous. (uni-bremen.de)
- Typical examples of such disperse phase transition processes are atomization processes with the aim of particle generation through solidification of the droplets or the local welding of particles in additive manufacturing to form parts. (uni-bremen.de)
- The modeling of these processes on the basis of heat, momentum and mass transfer with the integration of different scale solidification models (also based on the phase field method) allows the identification of process paths for the setting of specific properties. (uni-bremen.de)
- Processes involving yet undiscovered particles such as axions (which may make up dark matter) could also have produced the waves. (theconversation.com)
Occurs5
- If the universe was not radiation dominated when the waves were generated, a similar feature also occurs at the transition between sub-horizon to super-horizon causality. (arxiv.org)
- In the environment that we are used to, matter occurs predominantly in the solid, liquid or gaseous phase. (gsi.de)
- If more heat is added the phase transition to a gas occurs. (gsi.de)
- At that point, a phase transition occurs. (i-sis.org.uk)
- Damage to organs during transplantation occurs in 2 phases: the warm ischemic phase and the cold ischemic phase. (medscape.com)
Density1
- If a sizable fraction of the energy density is in free-streaming particles, they even lead to the appearance of oscillatory features in the spectrum. (arxiv.org)
Diagram3
- The capillaries/confined geometries are known to influence the phase diagram of polymer solutions where condensation of bulk solutions may occur close to the surfaces. (lu.se)
- In the absence of disorder, we determine the phase diagram and identify a new phase characterized by edge states with alternating chirality in adjacent gaps. (uni-frankfurt.de)
- A broad area of the phase diagram below the the shock adiabates including the critical point region, states of expanded hot liquid and strongly coupled plasma as well as warm dense matter region is still unexplored experimentally. (gsi.de)
Accelerators1
- This enables us to describe, for example, what happens in particle accelerators, such as the one at CERN. (polytechnique.edu)
Precursors1
- We work on novel quantum systems at the crossover between the few- and many-body limit, studying precursors of phase transitions and hitherto unknown states of quantum matter, such as self-bound bosonic quantum droplets or dipolar supersolidity. (lu.se)
Anisotropic1
- Being the subject of our work, in particular, we show that linear or polymer-like clusters can be formed if long-ranged repulsive barriers are combined with very short-ranged attractive minimums stimulating particles to form highly anisotropic structures. (lu.se)
Collisions2
- An additional suite of upgrades during the latter part of the decade will position STAR to make crucial measurements in e+p and e+A collisions during the early phase of eRHIC. (cern.ch)
- Overlapping strings can also be expected in pp collisions, where usually no phase transition is expected. (lu.se)
Thermodynamic properties1
- My research group investigates microscopic models of interacting electronic systems, using numerical techniques such as Quantum Monte Carlo, to understand their phase diagrams, thermodynamic properties, and excitation spectra. (usc.edu)
Homogeneous2
- Based on the analysis of the free-energy landscape, we argue that the transition from a homogeneous state to aggregation is abrupt yet continuous. (nature.com)
- For passive particles these phases are found to be spatially homogeneous. (uib.es)
Deposition1
- Title : Ambient Size Distributions and Lung Deposition of Aerosol Dithiothreitol-Measured Oxidative Potential: Contrast between Soluble and Insoluble Particles Personal Author(s) : Fang, Ting;Zeng, Linghan;Gao, Dong;Verma, Vishal;Stefaniak, Aleksandr B.;Weber, Rodney J. (cdc.gov)
Cosmology1
- This article is about a particle/quantum field posited in cosmology. (wikipedia.org)
Systems11
- Natural systems which have inspired the study and design of these particles include walking, swimming or flying animals. (wikipedia.org)
- In the case of directed propulsion, which is driven by a chemical gradient, this is referred to as chemotaxis, observed in biological systems, e.g. bacteria quorum sensing and ant pheromone detection, and in synthetic systems, e.g. enzyme molecule chemotaxis and enzyme powered hard and soft particles. (wikipedia.org)
- Workshop Classical and Quantum Mechanical Models of Many-Particle Systems (Oberwolfach, 1-7 décembre). (dauphine.fr)
- Now that it's confirmed that 'phase transition' is still a useful concept in such small systems, we can explore properties in ways that would not be possible in larger systems. (imperial.ac.uk)
- Such 'phase transitions' (i.e. from liquid to solid or from liquid to gas) can appear abrupt in these large systems, because so many particles are involved that they all appear to act at once. (imperial.ac.uk)
- Being so small, the transition was less abrupt than in larger systems like pools of water, but the fact that the transition occurred at a predictable point mirrors larger systems well. (imperial.ac.uk)
- For example, we will learn how to apply the RG scheme to understand criticality and universal scaling in Percolation, the Ising model, the Phi-4 theory, the Kosterlitz-Thouless transition and in disordered systems. (tum.de)
- These lecture notes give a pedagogical introduction to phase transitions in disordered quantum systems and to the exotic Griffiths phases induced in their vicinity. (e-booksdirectory.com)
- We investigate microscopic models of interacting electronic systems, and use numerical techniques, such as Quantum Monte Carlo, Renormalization Group and Exact Diagonalization, to find their phase diagrams, ground state properties, and excitation spectra. (usc.edu)
- The workshop "Two-particle correlation functions of many-electron systems" was held online May 16-18 2022. (lu.se)
- The purpose of the course is that the student should learn more advanced concepts and methods to describe interacting systems with many particles and critical phenomena. (lu.se)
Structural1
- An important criterion in these studies is that the particle size is large enough to allow structural analyses via microscopy. (lu.se)
Atoms1
- Dark sector means anything outside of "the standard model particles we know," which make up atoms, Gehrlein says. (popsci.com)
Dynamics1
- This results from a balance of an increasing number of particles filling the system, and a larger number of defects resulting from the birth and death dynamics. (uib.es)
Theoretical1
- Yet astronomers have seen black holes that are billions of solar masses, says Hooman Davoudiasl , a theoretical particle physicist at Brookhaven National Laboratory in New York and author of the study published last month in Physical Review Letters . (popsci.com)
Substrate2
- The catalytic reactions of the enzymes direct the particles or vesicles based on corresponding substrate gradients. (wikipedia.org)
- in the second case the particles "walk" on a substrate. (wikipedia.org)
Astrophysics1
- They can try to figure out whether ultra-light dark matter exists, by studying the particles' effect on the astrophysics of galaxies. (popsci.com)
Gaseous1
- Some solids can transition directly into the gaseous state, bypassing the liquid state, via a process known as sublimation. (jove.com)
Experiments1
- Time-resolved laser photoionization experiments which provide access to the wave like nature of the particles in the system. (lu.se)
Spectra1
- The models are implemented in the DIPSY MC event generator, using PYTHIA 8 for hadronization, and comparison to pp minimum bias data, reveals improvement in the description of identified particle spectra. (lu.se)
Dense2
- When complete, the decay of inflaton particles fills the space with hot and dense Big Bang plasma. (wikipedia.org)
- A phase transition would have allowed some dense pockets of the universe to collapse into primordial supermassive black holes, Gehrlein says. (popsci.com)
Coherence1
- As shown by Preparata in 1995 [7], E fl and E exc are proportional to the number N of particles in a coherence domain (CD), but E int is proportional to N √ N . Consequently, there is a critical number of particles N crit enclosed in a CD for which E tot = 0. (i-sis.org.uk)
Scalar2
- This scalar field is carried by a primordial particle of inert mass m p ~ 10 -8 kg, and size r p ~ 10 -35 s. (scirp.org)
- We will verify that this solution corresponds exactly to what is expected for cosmological inflation generated by a scalar field with slow-rolling by determining this scalar field, its potential and their relations, leading to the description of a primordial particle. (scirp.org)
Models1
- We describe the models for a one- and two-way coupled dispersed phase and their numerical treatment, where particular emphasis is placed on discussing the background and motivation leading to specific implementation choices. (arxiv.org)
Passive1
- Specifically, passive structures etched into the walls of the container can create entropic force fields of sufficient range and magnitude so that the motion and position of large colloids can be controlled, thereby generating a variety of two-dimensional fluidlike and solidlike phases on chosen templates. (purdue.edu)
System4
- For example, we have recently shown that liquid-to-vapor liquid nucleation is more appropriately described by an "activated instability", with the subsequent bubble growth phase occurring via a mechanism consistent with an unstable system. (purdue.edu)
- The total number of particles in the system is a fluctuating quantity, determined by the birth and death parameters, and on the activity of the particles. (uib.es)
- For a system with a ring-shaped gap, the Born approximation fails to explain the topological phase transition, unlike for a system with a point-like gap. (uni-frankfurt.de)
- The mode softening is spectroscopically studied across the phase transition using a method which excites the system at a specific momentum. (dpg-verhandlungen.de)
Weakly1
Properties5
- This is adjusted by changing the properties of particles and the dispersing medium. (lu.se)
- One of the obstacles for narrowing its properties is that current quantum theory is not able to correctly predict the observed vacuum energy, based on the particle content of a chosen theory (see vacuum catastrophe ). (wikipedia.org)
- Most substances physicists study are made up of huge numbers of particles - so large that there is essentially no difference between the behavioural properties of a drop or a swimming pool's worth of pure water. (imperial.ac.uk)
- In particular, we can study the quantum properties of matter and light - what happens at the smallest scale when phase transitions occur. (imperial.ac.uk)
- Additionally, the results may be used to construct so-called photonic crystals with new properties, if the crystals are made with particles with a size of several hundred nanometres instead of the nanoparticles used in this study. (uu.nl)
Fluctuations2
- Fluctuations in the CRH, which can be induced by other constituents in sulfate particles such as minerals or organic molecules, strongly affect the solids mass fraction in the boundary layer but not at higher altitudes. (nasa.gov)
- In particular, all particles coupled to the same wave-length of the fluctuations will oscillate in phase with the EM field, that is, they will be coherent with the EM field. (i-sis.org.uk)
Statistical Mechanics1
- J.M. Yeomans, Statistical Mechanics of Phase Transition, OUP 1992. (tum.de)
Early Universe2
- This change, which they call a phase transition, made it more likely for the densest regions in the early universe to collapse into black holes. (popsci.com)
- Water behaves differently before and after the phase transition," she says, and the same goes for particles in the early universe. (popsci.com)
Inflation1
- The term inflaton follows the typical style of other quantum particles' names - such as photon , gluon , boson , and fermion - deriving from the word inflation . (wikipedia.org)
Energy7
- Quantum particles are excitations which deviate from this minimal potential energy state, therefore a vacuum state has no particles in it. (wikipedia.org)
- Different vacua, despite all "being empty" (having no particles), will generally have different vacuum energy . (wikipedia.org)
- [ citation needed ] The shape of the potential energy function near "tunnel exit" from false vacuum state must have a shallow slope, otherwise particle production would be confined to the boundary of expanding true vacuum bubble, which contradicts observation (our Universe is not built of huge completely void bubbles). (wikipedia.org)
- Particle-laden flows occur in a wide range of disciplines, from atmospheric flows to renewable energy to turbomachinery. (arxiv.org)
- In an accelerator experiment the particle number and the particle energy are well determined. (gsi.de)
- When energy is absorbed from the vacuum field, the particles will begin to oscillate between two configurations. (i-sis.org.uk)
- The coherent oscillations of the particles in the CD no longer require any external supply of energy, and the oscillation is stabilized. (i-sis.org.uk)
Phenomena1
- They generally pose a challenging environment for the numerical prediction of particle-induced phenomena due to their often complex geometry and highly instationary flow field which covers a wide range of spatial and temporal scales. (arxiv.org)
Vacuum1
- This state can be seen as a true vacuum, filled with a large number of inflaton particles. (wikipedia.org)